Hng dn o bng ng h (VOM) Ch tm hiu:

Gii thiu v ng h vn nng, hng dn o in p

xoay chiu, cc trng hp o nhm gy hng ng h.

1. Gii thiu v ng h vn nng

( VOM)

ng h vn nng ( VOM ) l thit b o

khng th thiu c vi bt k mt k thut
vin in t no, ng h vn nng c 4 chc
nng chnh l o in tr, o in p DC, o
in p AC v o dng in.
u im ca ng h l o nhanh, kim tra
c nhiu loi linh kin, thy c s phng
np ca t in , tuy nhin ng h ny c
hn ch v chnh xc v c tr khng thp
khong 20K/Vol do vy khi o vo cc mch
cho dng thp chng b st p.
2. Hng dn o in p xoay chiu.
 S dng ng h vn nng o p AC
Khi o in p xoay chiu ta chuyn thang
o v cc thang AC, thang AC cao hn in
p cn o mt nc, V d nu o in p
AC220V ta thang AC 250V, nu ta thang
thp hn in p cn o th ng h bo kch
kim, nu thanh qu cao th kim bo thiu
chnh xc.
* Ch - ch :
Tuyt i khng thang o in tr hay
thang o dng in khi o vo in p xoay
chiu => Nu nhm ng h s b hng ngay
lp tc !
 nhm thang o dng in, o vo
ngun AC => s hng ng h
 nhm thang o in tr, o vo ngun AC
=> s hng cc in tr trong ng h
* Nu thang o p DC m o vo ngun
AC th kim ng h khng bo , nhng ng
h khng nh hng .
 thang DC o p AC ng h khng ln
kim
tuy nhin ng h khng hng

Hng dn o in p mt chiu DC Ch : Hng

dn o in p mt chiu DC bng ng h vn nng, cc
trng hp sai thang o, cc trng hp nhm thang
o.

1. Hng dn o in p mt chiu DC
bng ng h vn nng.
Khi o in p mt chiu DC, ta nh
chuyn thang o v thang DC, khi o ta t
que vo cc dng (+) ngun, que en vo
cc m (-) ngun, thang o cao hn in p
cn o mt nc. V d nu o p DC 110V ta
thang DC 250V, trng hp thang o
thp hn in p cn o => kim bo kch kim,
trng hp thang qu cao => kim bo thiu
chnh xc.

Dng ng h vn nng o in p mt chiu

DC
* Trng hp sai thang o :
Nu ta sai thang o, o p mt chiu
nhng ta ng h thang xoay chiu th
ng h s bo sai, thng thng gi tr bo
sai cao gp 2 ln gi tr thc ca in p DC,
tuy nhin ng h cng khng b hng .
 sai thang o khi o in p mt chiu =>
bo sai gi tr.
* Trng hp nhm thang o
Ch - ch : Tuyt i khng nhm
ng h vo thang o dng in hoc thang o
in tr khi ta o in p mt chiu (DC) , nu
nhm ng h s b hng ngay !!
 Trng hp nhm thang o dng in
khi o in p DC => ng h s b hng !
 Trng hp nhm thang o in tr khi o
in
p DC => ng h s b hng cc in tr
bn trong!

Hng
dn s
dng
thang
o
in
tr
Cc ni dung cp : Cc tc dng ca
thang o in tr, o kim tra in tr than,
dng thang o in tr kim tra phng
np v cc h hng ca t in.
 1. Hng dn o in tr v tr khng.
Vi thang o in tr ca ng h vn nng
ta c th o c rt nhiu th.
o kim tra gi tr ca in tr
o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on
dy dn
o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on
mch in
o kim tra cc cun dy bin p c
thng mch khng
o kim tra s phng np ca t in
o kim tra xem t c b d, b chp
khng.
o kim tra tr khng ca mt mch in
o kim tra i t v bng bn dn.
* s dng c cc thang o ny ng
h phi c lp 2 Pn tiu 1,5V bn trong,
x dng cc thang o 1Kohm hoc 10Kohm ta
phi lp Pin 9V.
o in tr :
 o kim tra in tr bng ng h vn nng
o tri s in tr ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau :
Bc 1 : thang ng h v cc thang
o tr, nu in tr nh th thang x1
ohm hoc x10 ohm, nu in tr ln th
thang x1Kohm hoc 10Kohm. => sau
chp hai que o v chnh trit o
kim ng h bo v tr 0 ohm.
Bc 2 : Chun b o .
Bc 3 : t que o vo hai u in tr,
c tr s trn thang o , Gi tr o c
 = ch s thang o X thang o
V d : nu thang x 100 ohm v ch s
bo l 27 th gi tr l = 100 x 27 = 2700
ohm = 2,7 K ohm
Bc 4 : Nu ta thang o qu cao th
kim ch ln mt cht , nh vy c tr s
s khng chnh xc.
Bc 5 : Nu ta thang o qu thp ,
kim ln qu nhiu, v c tr s cng
khng chnh xc.
Khi o in tr ta chn thang o sao
cho kim bo gn v tr gia vch ch s
s cho chnh xc cao nht.
Dng thang in tr o kim tra t
in
Ta c th dng thang in tr kim tra
phng np v h hng ca t in , khi o
t in , nu l t gm ta dng thang o x1K
ohm hoc 10K ohm, nu l t ho ta dng
thang x 1 ohm hoc x 10 ohm.
Dng thang x 1K ohm kim tra t gm
Php o t gm trn cho ta bit :
T C1 cn tt => kim phng np khi ta
o
T C2 b d => ln kim nhng khng tr
v v tr c
T C3 b chp => kim ng h ln = 0
ohm v khng tr v.
 Dng thang x 10 ohm kim tra t ho
trn l php o kim tra cc t ho, t ho
rt t khi b d hoc chp m ch yu l b kh
( gim in dung) khi o t ho bit chnh
xc mc hng ca t ta cn o so snh vi
mt t mi c cng in dung.
trn l php o so snh hai t ho cng
in dung, trong t C1 l t mi cn
C2 l t c, ta thy t C2 c phng
np yu hn t C1 => chng t t C2 b
kh ( gim in dung )
Ch khi o t phng np, ta phi o
chiu que o vi ln xem phng
np.
o dng in - c ch s Vol, ampe Hng dn cch
o dng in bng ng h vn nng, Cch c gi tr o
c khi o dng in, in p DC v in p AC.

Hng dn o dng in bng ng h

vn nng.
Cch 1 : Dng thang o dng
o dng in bng ng h vn nng, ta
o ng h ni tip vi ti tiu th v ch l
ch o c dng in nh hn gi tr ca
thang o cho php, ta thc hin theo cc bc
sau
Bc 1 : t ng h vo thang o dng
cao nht .
Bc 2: t que ng h ni tip vi ti,
que v chiu dng, que en v chiu
m .
Nu kim ln thp qu th gim thang o
Nu kim ln kch kim th tng thang o,
nu thang o thang cao nht th
ng h khng o c dng in ny.
Ch s kim bo s cho ta bit gi tr dng
in .
Cch 2 : Dng thang o p DC
Ta c th o dng in qua ti bng cch o
st p trn in tr hn dng mc ni vi ti,
in p o c chia cho gi tr tr hn dng
s cho bit gi tr dng in, phng php ny
c th o c cc dng in ln hn kh
nng cho php ca ng h v ng h cmg
an ton hn.
Cch c tr s dng in v in p khi
o nh th no ?

* c gi tr in p AC v DC
Khi o in p DC th ta c gi tr trn
vch ch s DCV.A
Nu ta thang o 250V th ta c trn
vch c gi tr cao nht l 250, tng t
thang 10V th c trn vch c gi tr
cao nht l 10. trng hp thang
1000V nhng khng c vch no ghi cho
gi tr 1000 th c trn vch gi tr Max
= 10, gi tr o c nhn vi 100 ln
Khi o in p AC th c gi tr cng
tng t. c trn vch AC.10V, nu o
thang c gi tr khc th ta tnh theo t l.
V d nu thang 250V th mi ch s
 ca vch 10 s tng ng vi 25V.
Khi o dng in th c gi tr tng t
c gi tr khi o in p .

HNG DN SD NG H S DIGITAL Ch :
Gii thiu ng h s Digital, u im v nhc im,
hng dn o in p DC, p AC, o in tr, o dng
in, o tn s, o trang thi mch Logic bng ng h
Digital.

1. Gii thiu v ng h s DIGITAL

ng h s Digital c mt s u im so
vi ng h c kh, l chnh xc cao
hn, tr khng ca ng h cao hn do
khng gy st p khi o vo dng in yu, o
c tn s in xoay chiu, tuy nhin ng
h ny c mt s nhc im l chy bng
mch in t ln hay hng, kh nhn kt qu
trong trng hp cn o nhanh, khng o
c phng np ca t.
 ng h vn nng s Digital
Hng dn s dng :
* o in p mt chiu ( hoc xoay chiu )
t ng h vo thang o in p DC hoc
AC
que ng h vo l cm " V
mA" que en vo l cm "COM"
Bm nt DC/AC chn thang o l DC
nu o p mt chiu hoc AC nu o p
xoay chiu.
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "V" hy
thang o cao nht nu cha bit r in
p, nu gi tr bo dng thp phn th ta
gim thang o sau.
t thang o vo in p cn o v c
gi tr trn mn hnh LCD ca ng h.
Nu t ngc que o(vi in mt
chiu) ng h s bo gi tr m (-)
* o dng in DC (AC)
 Chuyn que ng h v thang mA nu
o dng nh, hoc 20A nu o dng ln.
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "A"
Bm nt DC/AC chn o dng mt
chiu DC hay xoay chiu AC
t que o ni tip vi mch cn o
c gi tr hin th trn mn hnh.
* o in tr
Tr li v tr dy cm nh khi o in p .
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr o " ", nu
cha bit gi tr in tr th chn thang
o cao nht , nu kt qu l s thp phn
th ta gim xung.
t que o vo hai u in tr.
c gi tr trn mn hnh.
Chc nng o in tr cn c th o s
thng mch, gi s o mt on dy dn
bng thang o tr, nu thng mch th
ng h pht ra tin ku
* o tn s
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "FREQ"
hoc " Hz"
thang o nh khi o in p .
 t que o vo cc im cn o
c tr s trn mn hnh.
* o Logic
o Logic l o vo cc mch s
( Digital) hoc o cc chn ln ca vi x
l, o Logic thc cht l o trng thi c
in - K hiu "1" hay khng c in "0",
cch o nh sau:
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "LOGIC"
t que vo v tr cn o que en vo
mass
Mn hnh ch "" l bo mc logic
mc cao, ch "" l bo logic mc
thp
* o cc chc nng khc
ng h vn nng s Digital cn mt s
chc nng o khc nh o i t, o t
in, o Transistor nhng nu ta o cc
linh kin trn, ta ln dng ng h c kh
s cho kt qu tt hn v o nhanh hn.