TRNG: HSPKT VINH KHOA: C KH CTM

DANH SCH NHM 7

1. Nguyn Quang Vinh
2. Trn Vn Hng
3. Nguyn Huy Xun
4. Hong S Thng
5. Nguyn Cng Hiu
6. Nguyn Vn Trng

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NHN XT
(Ca ging vin hng dn)

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Vinh, Thng 10 nm 2010

Trn Thanh Ha

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LI NI U
Hin ti Vit Nam, nghnh nha ang pht trin rt mnh v theo l s ng
dng rng ri cng ngh p phun to ra nhng sn phm c kiu dng phong ph v
cht lng cao p ng nhu cu ngy cng kh tnh ca ngi tiu dng. Mt trong
nhng khu quan trng nht trong cng ngh p phun l thit k sn phm v khun.
Sn phm to ra phi c kiu mu p, t cht lng cao, gi thnh r v p ng c
nhng yu cu ca ngi tiu dng.
Thng qua bi tp ln mn hc Thit k gia cng khun mu, nhm ng
dng phn mm Auocad Mechanical Desktop 3D,phn mm proengineer,phan mem
moldex 3D thit k khun chu dng trong gia nh. Nhm mong rng s a n
cho ngi c nhng ci nhn c bn, s khai nht v qu trnh lm ra mt sn phm
nha c th.
Trong thi gian lm bi tp ny vi s c gng ca cc thnh vin trong nhm
tm hiu ti liu v xy dng bi tpp ln ny. Cng vi s hng dn nhit tnh ca
thy gio Trn Thanh Ha, bi tp ln hon thnh ng thi gian quy nh.
Do kin thc, kinh nghim, thi gian cn hn ch, nn chc chn bi tp vn cn
nhiu thiu st. Rt mong cc thy c gio, cng cc bn ng gp kin bi tp ln
ny c hon thin hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Vinh, thng 10 nm 2010
( Thay mt nhm)

Trn Vn Hng

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THUYT MINH
Phn I: Gii thiu cng ngh p phun.
1. M t cng ngh
Cng ngh p phun l qu trnh phun nha nng chy in y lng khun. Khi
nha c ng cng trong lng khun th khun c m ra v sn phm c y ra
khi khun nh h thng y. Trong qu trnh ny khng c bt c phn ng ha hc
no sy ra.
2. Nhu cu thc t v hiu qu kinh t m cng ngh p phun mang li.
Xung quanh chng ta t cc vn dng trong gia nh, n cc chi tit trong cc
chi tit my u c sn phm hay chi tit c lm bng vt liu nha.
Hu ht cc sn phm ny u c hnh dng v mu sc rt phong ph, chng
gp phn cho cuc sng ca chng ta tr nn p v tin nghi hn. u ny chng t
vic sn phm nha m phn ln c to bng cng ngh p phun ch thnh mt
phn khng th thiu trong cuc sng. sn phm nha v ang thay th cho cc vt
liu kim loi ang mt bi cn kit.
Tm li Nhu cu v sn phm nha ca con ngi l mi mi cho n khi ngi
ta tm ra mt vt liu mi c c tnh tng t v tt hn c th thay th cho nha.
3. Kh nng cng ngh
- To ra nhng sn phm c hnh dng phc tp: Cng ngh p phun c th to ra sn
phm c hnh dng khng gii hn,c th phc tp hoc ln v c in y bng mt
ln phun.
- Trn cng mt sn phm hnh dng gia b mt trong v mt ngoi c th khc nhau.
Sn phm thit k c nhiu l, gn v mt ct giao nhau trn thnh.
- Kh nng t ng ha trong qu trnh sn xut v c tnh lp li cao.
- Sn phm sau khi p phun c mu sc phong ph, bng cao
- Ph hp cho sn xut hng khi v n chic.
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Phn II. Thit k sn phm v sn lng.

1.iu kin lm vic.
Vi ti ny nhm chn phng n thit k v ch to sn phm chu nha dng
trong gia nh, n phc v cho sinh hot, nn chi tit hon thnh phi t c cc yu
cu sau:
+ Phi m bo cht lng, chu c nhit v m vi kh hu nhit i Vit
Nam.
+ V tr cm nm di chuyn phi an ton, v khng lm nh hng ti ngi s
dng.
+ Vt liu ch to phi an toi cho ngi s dng, khng t phn hy, khng b n mn
ha hc trong mi trng nc vc cc hp cht ty ra ( bt git, nc ra chn, cht
ty vi.).
2. Yu cu k thut ca chi tit.
a) B dy ca sn phm.
Khi chn b dy chnh, mc tiu ca nh thit k l cn phi ti thiu b dy
ng thi tho mn cc yu cu v chc nng sn phm. Khi tng b dy thnh, s lm
tng co rt sn phm. Co rt nhiu ngha l nguy c cong vnh ln. Mt khc,sn phm
thnh mng s lm tng sn xut, do t s dng nguyn liu v thi gian chu k p.
Theo tnh ton ngi ta nhn thy rng nguyn liu s dng v thi gian lm ngui
chim 70% gi thnh sn phm. B dy ti thiu ca sn phm c gii hn bi qu
trnh chy ca vt liu v p sut in khun, p sut in khun khng c vt qu
500bar. Khi thit k, phi s dng h thng dn dng v hn ch dng nhm mc ch
cn bng dng trong qu trnh in khun. V vy lm cho sn phm c nn p u
v hn ch cong vnh.
Trnh cc vng dy chi tit. V cc phn dy thng gy hu qu l bt kh, vt
lm, cong vnh, chu k p ko di. Ngi thit k cn hn ch cc vng dy hoc to
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cc phn rng ti cc v tr ny. Cc phn dy c th trnh bng cch thay i thit k

hoc to l, khot lm, to gn thay v lm thnh dng nguyn khi.
b) Cc li khi sn phm c b dy khng ng nht
Sn phm c b dy khng ng nht trong qu trnh p gy ra cc khuyt tt
nh: to bt kh, cong, vnh, b mt khng bng phng v to ng sut ni.
Vi cch thit k ny, khi p nha vo khun, nha s chy theo ng c lc
cn t nht. V vy, phn sn phm dy s in khun trc ri sau phn sn phm
mng mi in khun nn to l kh trong sn phm.
c) Thit k cc gc.
Vi cc cu trc cho d l kim loi hay l nha,th tt nht cc gc ca sn
phm nn c bo trn. Khi bo trn cc gc cnh ca sn phm th s gim i s tp
trung ng sut, khng nhng gim cc vt rn gy h hi cho sn phm trong qu trnh
s dng m cn d dng gia cng vi nhiu loi nha khc nhau.
Bn knh cong cng ln th cng tt,nhng ti thiu bn knh cong phi bng
25% b dy thnh sn phm.
Chi tit c hnh dng trn nn c cc gc ln, ti v tr cm nm hoc gc bo
gia y v thnh bn.
d) Thit k gn
Gn c s dng khi sn phm cn cng v bn. dy c bn ca gn
khong 50-75% dy thnh chnh v ph thuc co rt ca vt liu. dy gn bng
khong 50% dy thnh chnh i vi vt liu co rt cao v 75% cho vt liu c co
rt thp.vt liu c co rt cao(thng ln hn 1.5% nh PE,PP) nhng vt liu c
co rut thp (thng nh hn 1.0% nhu ABS,PC).
m bo sn phm c chu lc,ngi ta thit k nhiu gn nh hn l s
dng mt gn ln.Khong cch ti thiu gia cc gn bng hai ln b dy thnh sn
phm.

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Di y ca chi tit c thit k c cc vnh gn, c tc dng lm tng bn

ca y sn phm.Tuy nhin, vic thit k ng l rt quan trng bi v i khi n s
gy ra cc vt lm.
3) Vt liu ch to chi tit.
Vt liu chi tit: Sn phm c ch to bng vt liu Nha Polyvinyl
chlorire(PVC)
PVC trn vi bi mu v cc ph gia (cht n nh nhit- quang, cht bi trn,
cht ho do. cht tr gia cng).
p dng ca cc loi PVC
E S M
Loi PVC Gi tr K(DIN 52 726 : 0.25g PVC ho tan trong 50 ml
cyclohexanone )
PVC cng - 55 - 60 56 - 60
PVC ho do - 65 - 70 55 - 60
Tnh co rt ca PVC trong p phun ph thuc cu hnh khun v iu kin phun.
Gi tr thng thng 2 4% theo hng phun v 1 2 % theo phng ngang, c th ln
hn tu trng hp. PVC cng thng p khp ni ng v cc chi tit k thut, PVC
do thng p thm, m trm bo v, nt bm, khung bo v v gn knh xe, chi
do, xe p, thanh hm vlng xe hi, phch cm in, giy, ng,.
4) Cu to chi tit.
Chi tit c cu to gm cc phn sau:
- Dy: C dng knh 140
- Ming: C dng knh 294, v gc bo 300, dng di chuyn d dng v to
bn cho ming chi tit.
- Thn c mt nghing. L phn to ra tr tch chnh ca chi tit
- Gn vng trn y. To cho y c cng vng tt.

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Hnh nh ci chu
5) Sn lng chi tit hng nm.
Sn phm l vt dng phc v cho mi gia nh, nn sn lng hng nm c
sn xut l kh ln. Vi lng hng ngn chic hng nm. Dng sn xut hng lot ln.
Phn III: Thit k khun
1. Mt s vn khi thit k khun.
Mt thit k khun c bt u khi nh thit k ngn c bn v hoc mu sn
phm ch to. Cc thng tin c bn lc ny s l: My gia cng khun, c bao nhiu
lng khun trong mt khun, loi nha dng cho ch to sn phm, v cc yu cu k
thut khch hng cung cp, t nh thit k da vo thit k khun.
2. To mt phn khun
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Vic u tin ta phi lm trc khi tch khun l xc nh co rt ca sn phm.

Vic xc nh co rt c nh hng ln n kch thc v chnh xc ca sn phm
sau ny. V khi nha c in y khun,khi ngui i th s co li 1 lng nht nh
(gi l co rt),v mi loi nha c co rt khc nhau.
Tip theo ta s to mt phn khun tch sn phm ra thnh 2 phn na khun c
nh v na khun di ng
a) Thit k na khun c nh

Na khun c nh c thit k nh bn b gm:

- Bin dng ngoi ca sn phm
- H thng lm ngui.
- L lp ghp cht y.
- L lp bc u rt.

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- L lp cht nh v vi na khun di ng
b) Na khun di ng.
Na khun di ng c thit k nh bn v gm:

- Bin dng trong ca sn phm.

- L nh v ( 3 l 20).
- L ren lp trc dn hng ( 3 l M20).
- L lp mt bch trc y.
3. H thng kp cht v nh v
- Ta to mt phn khun tch sn phm ra thnh 2 phn c nh v phn di ng.
- H thng kp cht: L h thng to ra lc p na khun c nh v khun di ng.
Bao gm xi lanh kh nn, trc y, h thng cp kh khi cn kp cht v x kh cn tch
2 na khun.

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XI LANH

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PIS TONG

MT BCH XI LANH
- C cu nh v: 2 na khun c nh v bng 3 cht, c u t la.

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4. Xc nh s lng khun.
Cc yu t quyt nh s lng khun (s sn phm trn 1 khun):
- Kch thc u phun ca my p
- Kch thc,hnh dng sn phm
- Tc ha do
- Lc kp cn thit thng p lc phun ca nha vo lng khun
- Din tch ln nht ca tht my
- Yu cu ca khc hng v thi gian (sn lng hng thng,hng nm)
- S lng sn phm
- Trnh sn xut
- Cc cng thc xc nh s lng khun
Theo cng sut phun ca my
V
ncs Pmax
V V V
SP CP RD
Trong :
VP max :
Th tch phun ln nht ca my (cm 3 )

VSP : Th tch sn phm (cm 3 )

VCP : Th tch cung phun (cm 3 )

VRD : Th tch rnh dn (cm 3 )

Theo tc phun
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v
ntd = dn
n xV
P

0,4ncs < n < 0,8ncs

Vi td

Trong :
v dn : tc dng nha (cm 3 / ph)

nP : s phn phun (ln/pht)

V: Th tch sn phm + rnh dn (cm 3 )

Da vo lc kp ln nht:
10fFo
n =
lk AP
i

Trong :
Fo: Lc kp ln nht ca my (KN)
f : H s an ton.Tng chn f = 1.2 5
Pi: p sut phun ln nht (MPA)
A: Tng din tch hnh chiu khun v rnh dn
Cng thc s cn c th c tnh theo cch n gin hn nh sau:

n S 400 (tan)
lk 10000

Trong :
400: p lc nha trung bnh trong lng khun (ly theo gi tr thc nghim)
5.Thit k cung phun
- Cung phun l ni vt liu c bm vo khun. Bc phun (u l) ca my p
phun tip xc vi b mt ca cung phun. sn phm v h thng rnh dn d li ra
khi khun th cun phun phi c vut t 1.5 3.5mm theo dc chiu di ca cung
v phi c lm bng.
- Thng th cun phun c to hnh t bn trong ca 1 chi tit gi l bc bm keo
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- Ngi ta thng thit k ng knh l ca u l nh hn ng knh trong ca

bc keo t 0.125 0.75mm.iu ny m bo vt liu chuyn t u l vo bc keo
c m,khng to iu kin trt v gim p lm cho sn phm c nn khng thch
hp gy ra cc khuyt tt trn b mt
- ng knh ca cung phun v tr giao vi h thng rnh dn chnh ti thiu
phi bng hoc ln hn ng knh hoc su ca rnh
- Kch thc cung phun ph thuc vo kch thc sn phm v c bit l b dy
sn phm
- Da vo cc yu cu trn, ta chn ra 1 loi bc keo theo tiu chun vi ng knh
cung phun bn ngoi.

6. Thit k ming phun

- Do chng ta p dng kiu bm keo gin tip, khun gm mt sn phm nn cng
s c mt ming phun.
- Mt s yu cu khi thit k ming phun:
+ Trnh thit k cng gy ra dng chy di hi t to thnh by kh,ti cc v tr c
th thit k cc van thot kh.
+ Nu c th th thit k v tr ca cng vng sn phm dy nht.
+ La chn v tr cng sn phm t bn cao nht theo chiu dng chy,c bit
vt liu c n hoc gia cng.
+ Ming phun phi c t xa cc phn s chu va chm hay chu un.Khu vc ming
phun c khuynh hng chu ng sut d do qu trnh in y khun v thng l v tr
yu nht.
+ Hn ch cc dng chy giao nhau,c bit l ti cc v tr chu ng sut v va p cao.
Nn nh hng cc dng chy giao nhau ti nhng ch dy ca sn phm.

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+ Vi nhng khun c nhiu cc khun,yu cu ming phun ca mi cc phi c cng

kch thc (ng knh v b dy).iu ny m bo c s cn bng dng chy n
mi cc khun.
+ Dng chy phun thng trc tip vo thnh cc khun trnh s ng v phun tia.
- Nu c th nn t cng ti nhng ch khut ca sn phm.
Sau y em ng dng phn mm moldlow vo tm ni t ming phun
Kt qu phn tch vi anlysis ta t h thng phn tch nh sau
y l hnh nh phn tch ban u.

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Ta tin hnh chn vt liu:

Chn vt liu l nha c 10% cao su

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Ta tin hnh phn tch, tm ra ch t cung phun hp l nht

Ta tm ni t cung phun t ng

V phn tch.ta c kt qu nh hnh

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V tr t ming phun tt nht l ti y ca chu.t ngoi vo.

Sau y l cc hnh nh m t h thng phun nh sau

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7. Thit k knh dn nha v m hnh tch khun

To mt phn khun
Dung phn mm proengineer ta phn khun
Hng tch khun nh sau
mi tn i ln l hng tch khun ca chi tit

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Ta phn tch c m hnh khun ci nh sau

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M hnh khun c nh sau

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i vi khun 2 tm c mt lng khun nn khng cn n knh dn nha m nha

c in y trc tip vo lng khun thng qua bc cung phun.
Ta c m hnh lp khun nh sau

i vi khun 2 tm c mt lng khun nn khng cn n knh dn nha m nha

c in y trc tip vo lng khun thng qua bc cung phun.
Ta c m hnh c th nh sau ca khun c

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H thng rt nha c trc tip qua bc cung phun lp trong tm khun c

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8. H thng iu khin nhit .

iu khin nhit khun v thi gian lm ngui ngn,cn phi bit t h thng
lm ngui ch no v dng h thng lm ngui no.iu ny rt quan trng v thc t l
thi gian lm ngui chim khong 50 60 % ton b thi gian ca chu k khun.Do
lm cho qu trnh
lm lnh rt quan
trng lm gim
thi gian ca c chu
k
Phi iu khin
nhit khun
c dng nha m
chy vo trong
khun. trnh lm
ngui qu nhanh,v
l thuyt tt nht l
gi nhit khun
cao cui dng chy
iu khin tt nhit trong khun cn lu nhng im sau:
- Knh lm ngui phi t gn b mt khun cng tt,nhng ch bn c hc ca
vt liu khun
- Cc knh lm ngui phi t gn nhau 1 khong nht nh
- Nn chia h thng lm ngui ra lm nhiu vng lm ngui trnh cc knh lm
ngui qu di dn n s chnh lch nhit ln gia u vo v u ra
- c bit ch n vic lm ngui nhng phn dy ca sn phm
- Ch tnh dn nhit ca vt liu khun

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- D h thng lm ngui ng vai tr quan trng nh vy nhng ta vn phi thit k

chng sau cng trnh ng chm vi h thng li sn phm v cc h thng khc
- khun trn ta thit k h thng lm ngui cho chi tit, chu nhit nhiu nht l na
khun c nh.V kch thc khun tng i nh nn ta b tr h thng lm ngui gm
nhng l trn xuyn sut t u ny n u kia ca tm gm: u vo, u ra, cng
vi dng dn.
- Dung dch c cp vo ng dn t l trn, thu nhit khun v thot ra l di.
theo hnh v bn.
9. Bc cung phun.
- L chi tit c lp trn phn na khun c nh, v c
ni trc tip vi vi phun ca my p phun a nha vo
knh dn qua ming phun vo long khun.
- u cung phun cng nh cng tt, nhng vn phi bo m
s in y ng u gia cc lng khun vi nhau. Gc cn
ca cung phun cn phi ln thot khun.

Phn IV: Chn my

1. Gii thiu cc loi my p phun.
a) My p phun piston mt gin
L loi gm mt cm piston, n hot ng nh sau: Cc ht nha t phu c a
n xi lanh phun, chuyn ng ln pha trc ca piston buc cc ht i ti b phn m
rng. Xung quanh Spreader s l bng nhit n s lm chy cc ht nha thnh nha
lng i qua gia xilanh v mng phun vo m vt.
b) My p phun piston 2 gin

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L loi gm c hai cm piston ci ny t pha trn ci kia, mt ci do ha vt

liu v dn vt liu n xi lanh kia m piston th hai s hot ng nh mt piston
bn n v y vt liu do vo khun.
c) My piston vt chuyn ng qua li theo ng
S phun nha c thc hin bi mt vt quay m n chuyn ng li v tin n
trong xi lanh nung nng, l mt vt qua, n ta ra s chuyn ng ca vt liu ht t
phu nguyn liu i dc theo thng xi lanh nng. Khi vt liu n cui ca m vt th vt
chuyn ng ngc li tch vt liu li. Lc vt li tin ln mnh m, hot ng
nh mt piston.
d) My Piston vt 2 gin.
Hot ng ca vt chuyn ng qua li s hn ch lng vt liu c th c do
ha. Tuy nhin s hn ch c th khc phc c bng piston vt 2 gin. y vt liu
di ng trn ton b chiu di ca vt qua 1 van np vo trong khoang phun. Cng
y piston phun cng bt u li li, van bn n s c m ra khi piston phun tin ln
pha trc.
2. Chn my
Vi ti ch to sn phm chu sinh hot trong gia nh, vi s lng khun l 1. Ta
chn my p phun l loi My piston vt chuyn ng qua li theo ng.
Vt liu c cp t phiu, khi trc vt quay s mang cc ht vt liu chuyn ng
theo rng ca trc vt vi lng trong ca xi lanh. Vt liu s c lm nng v ha lng
ti cui ca vt bng h thng nung nng. Vt liu ha lng s chy vo khun qua vi
phun.

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KT LUN
Trong qu trnh thit k v ch to khun mu ngi thit k khun phi nm r kiu
dng hnh hc ca sn phm phi thch hp cho qu trnh p phun. Nu kiu dng
khng ph hp s gy kh khn cho qu trnh ch to, sn phm lm ra s nhiu khuyt
tt. Ngoi ra ngi thit k cng cn quan tm n mt s vn sau:
- Loi nha dng lm sn phm.
- Kiu khun ph hp cho sn phm.
- Hai na khun phjair ng thtj kn khng x ba via. Do vic ch to mt
phn khun cc k quan trng, cn phi gia cng tht chnh xc.
- Khi lp bc v cht nh v vo v khun cn m bo mi lp cht hoc ch
to thm vt gi bc v cht.
- Ni b tr ming phun, kiu ming phun.
- Kiu knh dn.
- Ni b tr cht y sn phm.
- Mt cn ca con trt nn c gc cn nh hn hoc bng 300 to lc gi tt
trong qu trnh p phun.
- Mi b tr knh lm ngui v rnh thot kh.

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PH LC
Mc lc Trang
Nhn xt gio vin hng dn 3
Li ni u 4
Bn v lp v cc bn v chi tit 5
Thuyt minh
Phn I: Gii thiu cng ngh p phun.
1. M t cng ngh
2. Nhu cu thc t v hiu qu kinh t m cng ngh p phun mang li.
3. Kh nng cng ngh
1. iu kin lm vic.
2. Yu cu k thut ca chi tit.
a) B dy ca sn phm.
b) Cc li khi sn phm c b dy khng ng nht
c) Thit k cc gc.
d) Thit k gn
3. Vt liu ch to chi tit.
4. Cu to chi tit.
5. Sn lng chi tit hng nm
Phn III: Thit k khun
1.Mt s vn khi thit k khun.
2. To mt phn khun
a) Thit k na khun c nh
b) Na khun di ng.
3. H thng kp cht v nh v
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4. Xc nh s lng khun.
5.Thit k cung phun
6. Thit k ming phun
7. Thit k knh dn nha.
8. H thng iu khin nhit .
9. Bc cung phun.
Phn IV: Chn my
1. Gii thiu cc loi my p phun.
a) My p phun piston mt gin
b) My p phun piston 2 gin
c) My piston vt chuyn ng qua li theo ng
d) My Piston vt 2 gin.
2. Chn my

TI LIU THAM KHO

- Cng ngh p phun (Trung tm k thut cht do TPHCM)
- Thit k khun cho sn phm nha (Vin my v dng c cng nghip)
- Gio trnh Vt liu phi kim loi.
PHN MM H TR
- Auocad Mechanical Desktop 3D, 2D
- Catia P3
- MasterCam 9.1
- AutoCad 2007
- Microsoft Word

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