PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, Circle the correct answers in the area provided at the end of Part A, page 2. ‘A modified form of cellulose found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans is known as A) chitin, B) starch. ©) amylose. D) glycogen. 2. Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a(n) A) triglyceride. B) phospholipid. C) chrolophyll. D) alcohol. You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the "amino end" and the “carboxyl end" of a macromolecule, Immediately, you know that they are talking about A) carbohydrate. B) DNA. ©) lipid. D) protein. 4. The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is A) guanine. B) thymine. ©) uraci D) cytosine. 5, Sudan IV, a dye that binds to nonpolar molecules, is used to detect the presence of macromolecules in food. Sudan IV would test positive in the presence of ‘what macromolecule? A) Fats. B) Starch. ©) Protein. D) DNA. 6. ‘The organelle that can collect, package, ‘modify, and transport molecules is called the: A) mitochondria, B) plasma membrane. ©) vesicle. . D) Golgi apparatus.7. The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls, ‘contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of A) fatty acids B) amino acids ©) steroids D) nucleotides 8 Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the ‘other organelles besides the nucleus that contain A) pigments, B) pores ©) DNA D) channels 10. ‘Osmosis occurs as water can cross the lipid bilayer through specialized channels for water movement called A) proteins. B) transmembrane carbohydrates. C) membrane pores. D) aquaporins. Matt is studying how the protein transferrin enters cells. He examines cells that have taken up transferrin, and finds clathrin-coated vesicles. What mechanism was used to take transferrin into the cells? A) Phagocytosis. B) Pinocytosis. ©) Exocytosis. D) Receptor-mediator endocytosis.PART B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 a) Water has a high heat of vaporization and this facilitates cooling in organism. Explain. (2 marks) b) FIGURE 1 below shows three different types of polysaccharides, FIGURE i, Draw the molecular structure of the monosaccharide for amylose. (1 mark) ii, Glycogen is a highly branched molecule. Explain why this is important. (mark) iii, Cellulose fibers are strong and suitable as structural materials. What gives cellulose these properties. (1 mark)©) FIGURE 2 below shows two diferent classes of amino acids FIGURE 2 1. Use one or both of the amino acids in FIGURE 2 to draw a dipeptide, (mark) ii, Identify which of the amino acid: is, Lor If can form a disulfide bridge. Show how this disulfide bridge is formed. (2 marks) 4) Phospholipids have hy yydrophilic and hydrophobic characters. Name the chemical groups forming the i. hydrophilic side (1 mark) ii. hydrophobic side (1 mark) ¢) Name the two chemical bonds that form the polynucleotide strands and double helical structure of DNA. (2 marks)QUESTION 2 a) FIGURE 3 shows an endomembrane system, .%@ FIGURE 3 iL Meatity the missing orgmelle A and draw the structue. marks) i, Interms of structure, give the difference between orgaelles Band C (0 marty 8) FIGURE 4 below shows one type of cytoskeleton FIGURE 4 i. Name the cytoskeleton shown. (1 mark) ii, State one of its functions. (1 mark))_ FIGURE 5 shows two types of intercellular junctions. i, Name the intercellular junction A. (1 mark) ii, State the function of intercellular junction B. (mark) QUESTION 3 a) Cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. i. Explain why the cell surface membrane is described as a fluid-mosaic structure. (2 marks) ii, The cell membrane has large content of proteins. Other than being a transporter, membrane proteins have other functions. Describe its role as a cell-surface receptor. (3 marks)b) Describe how ions such as Na’ pass through the cell surface membrane using ion channels. (2 marks) ©) Describe two ways on how glucose is transported across plasma membrane. (4 marks)4, The diagram shows two arms P and Q of a U-tube containing two mixtures of glucose and sucrose solutions separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not Inia level pia Uy | | | all tt cn 1 mol dm sucrose ‘Membrane permeable to water and glucose 2 mol dm’ glucose ‘Arm P is halffilled with a solution of 2 mol dm* glucose and 1 mol dm* sucrose. Arm Q is halfilled with a mixture of of 1 mol dm’ glucose and 2 mol dm’ sucrose. Initially the liquid levels are equal in both arms a) State the difference between diffusion and osmosis, (3 marks) b) What is the tonicity of solution in arm P when compared to arm Q in the inital state? (1 mark) c) Describe the changes that would ocour in the U-tube after 2 hours? (6 marks)Objective Questions (10 marks) An amino acid molecule has the following structure: a NH wa c | Ra coon 3 ‘Which two of the groups combine to form a peptide link? A B, c D. E, Vand 2 1 and 3. 2and 3 2and 4 3 and 4. The structures that forms the main component of the exoskeleton of arthropods and certain fungal cell wall is A B, C. D. E. chitin cellulose. '. murein, peptidoglycan, ccutin From which cell organelles below are nucleic acids present? moow> Chloroplast Lysosome. Peroxisome. Vacuole Allof the above‘A942 arrangement refers to basal body. microtubules. cilia, microtubules and cilia microfilament and flagella. mOOR> Which cell component forms pinocytic vesicles? Plasma membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum. Lysosome, Nucleolus: Ribosome. moopD> By which process does glucose move into red blood cells from the plasma? Endocytosis. Facilitated diffusion. Osmosis, Active transport. Simple diffusion. roOmD> Ifa 0.9% solution is isotonic to a certain type of animal cell, the cell will lose mass if itis placed in which of the following liquids? 0.5% salt solution 0.9% salt solution, 0.9% sugar solution. 1.2% salt solution, Distilled water. moom> Which of the following statement ‘Thermodynamics? TRUE regarding The First Law of 1. The energy of the universe is constant, TL Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed IIL Energy can be created or destroyed. IV, Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.10. Tand Il Tand II Tand IV Mand IV IM and IV moom> The diagram shows a chemical reaction with and without an enzyme. products _ Progress of reaction What is the activation energy of the enzyme-catalysed reaction? Nexe< ‘An enzyme has a catalytic power because its transition state A. lowers the energy level of the substrates. lowers the energy level of the products. has less energy than the substrates. requires less activation energy. allows less substrates molecules to achieve the transition state. moop1. With the aid of labelled diagram, show how maltose molecule is formed. 2. The diagram shows a molecule of haemoglobin coop can Sates can, (S marks) ‘What is the evidence from the diagram that haemoglobin has a quaternary structure? (1 mark) 3. The table shows some of the organic compounds found in a bacterial cell. ‘Compound % of total dry mass. ‘Number of different types of molecules Protein 35.0 1050 DNA 31 1 Lipid 31 4 Glycogen 2.5 1Glycogen and protein are both polymers. Explain why there can only be one type of glycogen molecule, but there can be many types of protein, (2 marks) 4. Cholera bacteria are prokaryotic cells. Give three structures found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells. (3 marks) 5. The diagram shows a cell from the pancreas. The cytoplasm at F contains amino acids. These amino acids are used to make proteins which are secreted from the cell. Place the appropriate letters in the correct order to show the passage of an amino acid from the cytoplasm at F until it is secreted from the cell as a protein. F>__9__ >_> (2 marks)6. Draw simple diagrams to show the effect of isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions on plant cells. (3 marks) 7. What is the role of cholesterol in the membrane fluidity at moderate temperature and at low temperature? (2 marks) 8. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the plasma membrane based on the fluid mosaic model. (6 marks)