Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Installation Guide

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Red Hat Engineering Content ServicesPetr Boko

Tom apek Barbora Anincov Yoana Ruseva
Brian Exelbierd
Petr Bo ko
Red Hat :
pbo ko c@redhat.co m
To m apek
Red Hat :
tcapek@redhat.co m
Barbo ra Aninco v
Red Hat :
bancinco @redhat.co m
Yo ana Ruseva
Red Hat :
yruseva@redhat.co m
Brian Exelbierd
Red Hat :
bexelbie@redhat.co m
Red Hat Engineering Co ntent Services

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3 0 .1. Red Hat Enterp ris e Linux AMD6 4 Intel 6 4 374
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4
1 . Red Hat Ent erprise Linux
1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Red Hat.
https://access.redhat.com/site/downloads/.
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Power Systems (ppc64):
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3. Red Hat Enterprise Linux: C l i ent, Wo rkstati o n, Server

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http://www.redhat.com/products/enterprise-linux/server/compare.html.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
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# umo unt /mnt/i so
4. :
# d d i f= //image.iso o f= /d ev/ bs= _
ISO d mesg .
bs , .
, 512k.
8
2 .
( /d ev/sd a),
(, /d ev/sd a1).
, /ho me/testuser/D o wnl o ad s/rhel -server-7. 0 x86 _6 4 -

bo o t. i so sd b, :
# d d i f= /ho me/testuser/D o wnl o ad s/rhel -server-7. 0 x86 _6 4 -bo o t. i so

o f= /d ev/sd b bs= 512k
5. # . ro o t
USB-.
5, AMD64 Intel 64 10, IBM

Power Systems .
2.2.2. USB- Windows
Windows. Red Hat

Fed o ra LiveU SB C reat o r: https://fedorahosted.org/liveusb-creator/.
Windows
.
2.2. U SB - Win d o ws
1. Fed o ra LiveU SB C reat o r.
2. (. 1, Red Hat Enterprise Linux).
3. - .
4. Fed o ra LiveU SB C reat o r.
5. ISO- Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
6. ,
.
7. Li ve USB. ,
.
USB 15 .
2.1. Fed o ra LiveU SB C reat o r
8. USB,
.
5, AMD64 Intel 64 10, IBM

Power Systems .
2.3.
(. 1, Red Hat Enterprise Linux), Red Hat

Enterprise Linux .
D VD .

.
.
Red Hat.
.
.
10
2 .
D VD , .
NFS, NFS- (Network File System).
HT T P S, HT T P , FT P , HT T P , HT T P S,
FT P .

, D VD
, .
: .
:
6.7, (AMD 64 Intel 64);
11.7, (IBM Power Systems);
15.7, (IBM System z).
i nst. repo = (. 20.1,

).
i nstal l (. 23.3.2,
, 23, -).
2.3.1. DVD
D VD (. 2.1,
CD /D VD ).
USB- .
, D VD , An aco n d a
.
2.3.2.
.
, .
( USB), ,
. .
,
An aco n d a.
, An aco n d a
, . An aco n d a
xfs, ext2, ext3, ext4 vfat (FAT 32). Microsoft Windows NT FS exFAT ,
FAT 32.
11

FAT 32 4 (4.29 ).
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ,
.
USB-,
, , .
2.3.3.
,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
. PXE-,
, . 21,
PXE-.
2 .3.3.1 . NFS-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFS (Netwo rk

Fi l e System) .

NFS .

, ,
.
.
2.3. N FS-
1. nfs-utils:
# yum i nstal l nfs-uti l s
2. /etc/expo rts , Vim G ed it .

, .
3. :
//// ()
, , IP-
, .
12
2 .
IP- , *.
nfs(5). , ,
ro .
, , /mnt/nfs :
/mnt/nfs *(ro)
4. .
5. :
$ mv ///image.iso ///
,
/etc/expo rts.
6. nfs ( ro o t):
# systemctl start nfs. servi ce
, /etc/expo rts ,
, ro o t:
# systemctl restart nfs. servi ce
NFS,
. , , /mnt/nfs/rhel 7-
i nstal l / myserver. exampl e. co m,
nfs: myserver. exampl e. co m: /rhel 7-i nstal l .
2 .3.3.2 . HT T PS, HT T P, FT P
NFS-, ,
. treei nfo .
HT T P S, HT T P , FT P .
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.

, ,
.
.
2.4 . FT P-
1. vsftpd:
13

# yum i nstal l vsftpd
2. /etc/vsftpd /vsftpd . co nf
Vim G ed it .
vsftpd . co nf(5) Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.
.
,
.
3. Red Hat Enterprise Linux FTP-.
4. :
# mo unt -o l o o p,ro -t i so 9 6 6 0 ///image.iso /mnt/i so
///image.iso .
5. /var/ftp/:
# cp -r /mnt/i so / /var/ftp/
6. vsftpd :
# systemctl start vsftpd . servi ce
, /etc/vsftpd /vsftpd . co nf
, , ,
ro o t:
# systemctl restart vsftpd . servi ce
FT P ,
IP- . ,
. , , /var/ftp/rhel 7-
i nstal l / 19 2. 16 8. 10 0 . 10 0 ,
ftp: //19 2. 16 8. 10 0 . 10 0 /rhel 7-i nstal l /.
2 .3.3.3.
,
.
2.1.

NFS 20 4 9 , 111, 20 0 4 8
HT T P 80
HT T P S 443
FT P 21
14
2 .

.
15

I. AMD64 Intel 64
64- Intel AMD .
IV,
.
16
3. AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
3. AMD64 Intel 64
.
3.1.

:
,
,
.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

: Preu p g rad e Assist an t , ,
, R ed H at U p g rad e T o o l,
, , .
,
. 25,

,
.
3.2.
,
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7.0 , .
,
.
Red Hat
https://hardware.redhat.com,
3.3.
17

( ) ,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux,
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux :
(SCSI, SATA, SAS).
BIOS RAID -.
HBA- Fibre Channel (

).
Xen Intel Xen.
VirtIO Intel KVM.
Red Hat USB- SD -.

Red Hat
https://hardware.redhat.com.
3.4 .

. ,
.
, , :
, , . : Seagate
ST3320613AS 320 SATA0, Western D igital WD 7500AAKS 750 SATA1.
.

, :
: ,
.
. ,
, Unix,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux .
/etc/fstab
mo unt bl ki d .

.
(. 6.10.1,
).
. : Netgear GA311.
.
IP, D HCP BOOTP.
18
IP- .
IP- (D NS).
- , .
FTP, HTTP, HTTPS NFS.
iSCSI :
iSCSI.
CHAP ( ).
, D HCP-,
.
3.5.

, A,
.

.
AMD 64 Intel 64 Red Hat

Enterprise Linux / swap.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 . 6.10.4.5,

.
3.6. RAID
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux. , Red Hat
Enterprise Linux .
3.6.1. RAID
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent D isks)

. , RAID
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux RAID
.
3.6.2. RAID
19

RAID -
. RAID - (.
6.10.4, ).
3.6.3. USB-
USB- .
.
USB- Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

,
.
3.6.4 . RAID- Int el BIOS
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 RAID - Intel BIOS md raid .

,
( /d ev/sd a) .
/etc/fstab /etc/crypttab,
.
UUID , bl ki d .
3.6.5. BIOS iSCSI Remot e Boot
Intel iSCSI (Intel iSCSI Remote Boot)

iSCSI, .
3.7.

.
USB D VD - , , BIOS
UEFI (. 5.1.1, ).
( D VD , U SB )
(.
2, ).
( C D , D VD , U SB )
,
USB, CD D VD - . ,
. 2.2,
USB-
.
PXE-
PXE- (. 21,
).
.
3.8.
20
,
, . ,
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 .
,
.
23, - .
21

4. AMD64
Intel 64
, , ,
. Red Hat
.
ISO- RPM-.
,
.
.

. , D VD
.
. ,

. :
1. ,
, -, CD D VD .
2. USB, CD D VD (.
2.2, USB-, 2.1,
CD /D VD ).
, Red Hat
,
. ,
. ,
.
4 .1.
.
, .
UEFI, ,

. Red Hat UEFI.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.
4 .2.
22
4 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
Red Hat
ISO-.
.
O EMD R V ,
An aco n d a .
i nst. d d , An aco n d a
.
i nst. d d =
. ( HT T P / HT T P S,
FT P ).

O EMD R V.
, ,
.
,
i p= (. 20.1, ).
4 .2.1.
( USB-),
,
. , .
,
O EMD R V.
(. 4.3.1, ).
O EMD R V .
, . ,
(. i so ). 4.3.3,
.
4 .2.2.
, CD D VD (. 2.1,
CD /D VD ).
, rhd d 3
rpms.
23

. i so , , .
.
4 .3.

:
RPM-.
,
LVM RAID .
4 .3.1.
O EMD R V
.
. O EMD R V
,
.
4 .1.
c
An aco n d a.
24
4 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
4 .3.2.
i nst. d d , O EMD R V
, . ,
ISO- , , ,
.
4 .2.
25

ISO- CD D VD - ,
O EMD R V, i nst. d d
(. ),
:
inst.dd=/dev/sr0
c
An aco n d a.
4 .3.3.
USB- -
. USB- , , T ab
i nst. d d = .
4 .3.
- (, http://server.example.com/dd.iso)
USB- (, /dev/sdb1). ,
26
4 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
http://server.example.com/dd.rpm.
Enter.
4 .3.4 .
.
, :
T ab
mo d pro be. bl ackl i st= .
modprobe.blacklist=ahci
mo d pro be. bl ackl i st=

/etc/mo d pro be. d /anaco nd a-bl ackl i st. co nf (. 20, ).
27

5. AMD64 Intel 64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFS,
FT P , HT T P /HT T P S.
D VD . , .
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux
PXE- ,
.
5.1.

(D VD , USB)
(CD , D VD
USB)

(PXE) D VD

2.2, USB-
USB-.
5.1.1, (Red Hat Enterprise Linux D VD , CD -ROM,

USB).
5.1.2, PXE.
5.2, .
5.1.
, (. 3,
AMD64 Intel 64),
Red Hat Enterprise Linux D VD .
,
,
(. 4, AMD64 Intel 64).
5.1.1.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux D VD .
5.1.
28
1. , (. 3.6.3,
USB- ).
2. .
3. .
4. . .
5. . BIOS .
.
(. 5.2,
). 1 .
5.1.2. PXE
PXE ,
PXE (. 21,
).
BIOS,
Netwo rk Bo o t Bo o t Servi ces. ,
, BIOS PXE.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux .
PXE-.
, Ethernet.
.
5.2. PXE
1.
, .
2. .
3. PXE-,
, .
. , .
(. 5.2,
). 1 ,
.
5.2.
,
. 60 ,
, .
, Enter.
29

5.1.
Enter.
BIOS T ab .
bo o t: ,
Esc. bo o t:
, l i nux.
UEFI .
C trl +X.
20,
.
R ed H at En t erp rise Lin u x 7.0
.
.
30
>
. Enter
.
5.2.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ,

.
,
.
R ed H at En t erp rise Lin u x
,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. ,
.
. 20.2.1, .
.
.
31

32
6 . Red Hat Ent erprise Linux AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
6. Red Hat Enterprise Linux AMD64

Intel 64
An aco n d a.

. ,
, .
.
6.1.
,
. .
6 .1.
33

6 .2.
,
. , ,
,
(. 6.1.2, ).
6.1.1.
, , (GUI, Graphical User

Interface), ,
.
. , T ab Shi ft+T ab
, ,

, Enter .
Al t+X ( X , ).
6 .1 .1 .1 .
An aco n d a .
Shi ft+P ri nt Screen, An aco n d a /tmp/anaco nd a-
screensho ts.
auto step --auto screensho t

(. 23.3,
).
6 .1 .1 .2 .

.
34
.
,
.

. .
,
.
, .
6 .1.

1 C trl +Al t+F1
2 C trl +Al t+F2 root
3 C trl +Al t+F3 /tmp/anaco nd a. l o g
4 C trl +Al t+F4
/tmp/sto rag e. l o g
5 C trl +Al t+F5 /tmp/pro g ram. l o g
6 C trl +Al t+F6
t mu x .

(. 11.1.1.1, tmux).
6 .1 .1 .3. VNC
, ,
VNC (. 22, VNC).
6.1.2.
An aco n d a .
, :
i nst. text;
text.
35

6 .3.
Red Hat .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux VNC (.
22, VNC). , An aco n d a
VNC, .
, -
, i nst. xd ri ver= vesa (.
20, ).
(.
23, -).
LVM, RAID , FCoE, zFCP, iSCSI;
36
,
. . . ,
r .
.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.

(. 20.1, ). , ,
i p .
6.2.
,
, ,
. , , ,
( ).
.
, ,
GeoIP.
37

6 .4 .
6.3.
.
38
6 .5.

, .
. ,
, .
, , ,
.
, .
, (. 6.12, ).
, .

, , ,
.
39

6 .6 .
.
(. 6.7, )
(. 6.11, )
(. 6.8, ).
6.4 .
, , .
, (, G MT + 1).
, .
tzdata,
(IANA, Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority). Red Hat .
http://www.iana.org/time-zones.
, NTP
.
40
6 .7.
, .
NTP, ,
NTP. ,
.
, .
NTP , ,
.
, .
6.5.
,
.
41

, , ,
( ).
.
6 .8.
, .
6.6.
.
.
, .
,
ASCII ( root,
..).
42
6 .9 .
, + , .
, -.
. ,
.
,
.
.
( ).
.
( , ),

.
.
, .
6.7.
43

,
.
6 .10.
D VD USB,
. ,
(
R ed Hat Enterpri se Li nux 7. 0
rd . l i ve. check).
ISO -
.
ISO . .
http: //
https: //
ftp: //
nfs
44
. NFS
.
NFS- :
server.example.com: ///
HTTP/HTTPS -: ,
HT T P - URL
. ,
, . .
HTTP/HTTPS ,
.
(.
6.9, ).
, ; .
.
.
, .
6.8.
, .

.
, D VD
.
, ,
, .
.

. , ,
O FF.
45

6 .11.
..
D HCP (D ynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
, .
,
, .
, .
6.8.1.
.
,
.
46
, .
, D SL, , ,
VPN, D SL VLAN.
.

. .
6 .12.
IPv4 D HCP. IPv6

.
.
47

6 .13. IP
,
.
.
6 .14 . IPv4
. ,
:
O FF, O N.
6.8.2.
48
(VLAN,
,
). .
, + .
6 .15.
,
,
.
VLAN .
6 .16 .
49

.
.
,
. , .
6.9.
,
. ,
. ,
.
.
.
.
, , ;
50
6 .17.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7 , Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
.
repo d ata/*-co mps-.

. xml .
<envi ro nment>, <g ro up>.
,
. ,
, ,
Yu m.

%packag es (.
23.3.3, , 23, -).
, .
6.9.1.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux :
sysl o g ;
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol);
NFS (Network File System);
SSH (Secure SHell);
mD NS (multicast D NS).

. ,
.

, , . SSH
. NFS
NFS.
6.10.
. A,
.
51

.
, Linux,

.
BIOS RAID -.
/bo o t RAID .
RAID -
.
, /bo o t/
(. 6.10.4, ).
6 .18.
52

.
. 6.10.1,
.
. ,
(. 6.11, ).
, , . ,
. , .
.
,
:
53

6 .19 .
, .
, (. 6.10.3,
).
,
(. 6.10.4, ).
( /bo o t), .
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.

, .
6.10.1, .
, .

,
, ,
.
6.10.1.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 GRUB2 (GRand Unified Bootloader 2).

, ,
. GRUB2
.
GRUB2 .

.
.
,
.
X .
54
6 .20.
.
, .
,
. .
,
(, ).
,
.
6 .1 0 .1 .1 . MBR GPT
GRUB2 MBR (master boot record) GPT (GUID

partition table) .
B IO S U EFI B IO S
, .
An aco n d a :
55

MBR, 2 ;
GPT, 2 .
i nst. g pt
GPT
2 . MBR
2 .
BIOS, GPT, biosboot

1 (. 6.10.1, ),
MBR .
U EFI
UEFI GPT. MBR,

.
EFI (efi) 50
( 200 ).
bi o sbo o t efi
,
.
6.10.2.
,
.
LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup).

56
6 .21.
, .
. T ab
. , .
.

. .
- ,
.
6.10.3.

.
.
(
), .
57

6 .22.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. LVM RAID .
/ .
, ,
, .
58
.
.
.
,
.
6.10.4 .
,
.
6 .23.
,
. ,
. .
,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. , -.
59

A, 6.10.4.5,
.
.
6 .1 0 .4 .1 .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 , Red Hat

: /, /ho me, /bo o t, swap (. 6.10.4.5,
). .

, (
, , ).
,
( LVM)
. /bo o t, /
. .
, .
/
, /bo o t .. ,
, 2G B. ,
. , .
: , BT R FS, LVM, LVM.

/bo o t,
.
,
.
. , ,
.
6 .24 .
60
, .
,
. , ,
, .
6 .25.
(. 6.10,
), (. 6.10.1,
).
,
.
61

6 .26 .
LVM Btrfs.
. , , /ho me
sd a1.
. ,
/, /bo o t ..
swap.
, , .
, .
, BT R FS, LVM LVM.

R AID .
. .
.
.
6.10.4.1.1, .
, .
. , .
, . ,
62
. ,
, ,
.
. , ,
.
6 .10.4 .1.1.
C ,
RAID -
LVM.
LVM LVM . LVM

(. 6.10.4.3, LVM
LVM Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7).
LVM
.
.
BT R FS ,
,
ext2, ext3 ext4 (. 6.10.4.4, Btrfs).
R AID RAID -
. RAID - . 6.10.4.2,
RAID
xfs ,
16 (~16 ). XFS
8 (~8 ),
,
,
. E,
ext4 XFS ext4 XFS.
XFS 500 .
ext4 ext3 ,
,
, ,
.
ext4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 50 .
ext3 ext2, ,

fsck.
ext2 Unix ( , ,
..) 255 .
63

vfat Linux, FAT

Microsoft Windows.
swap :
, ,
.
BIO S Bo o t BIOS
GPT (. 6.10.1, ).
EFI UEFI
GPT (. 6.10.1, ).
.

https://access.redhat.com/site/articles/rhel-limits.
6 .1 0 .4 .2 . RAID
RAID- (Redundant
Arrays of Independent D isks)
.
RAID ,
.
RAID - , RAID .
64
6 .27. R AID
,
RAID -.
RAID -:
1. (. 6.10.4.1,
).
2. .
.
3. R AID .
4. (. 6.10.4.1.1,
).
5. R AID .
R AID 0
. RAID 0

. RAID 0 ,
. RAID 0
RAID .
R AID 1

.
. RAID 1
RAID .
R AID 4
,
,
. ,
,
. RAID 4
RAID .
R AID 5

. RAID 5
RAID 4 . RAID 5
RAID .
R AID 6
RAID 5, .
RAID 5 RAID
.
R AID 10
65

RAID 10 ( RAID RAID)

. , RAID 10
RAID 1.
RAID 0.
RAID 10 RAID .
6. , . ,
.
,
.
6 .1 0 .4 .3. LVM
LVM (Logical Volume Management)

.
, . ,
,
. , LVM ,
.
LVM . C,
LVM LVM Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
.
LVM .
LVM, C trl +Al t+F2, ,
l vm. C trl +Al t+F1.
66
6 .28.
1. (. 6.10.4.1,
).
2. LVM. .
3. ,
.
67

6 .29 .
RAID (. 6.10.4.2,
RAID ), .
:

. ,
.

.
LVM
.
4. , . ,
.
/bo o t .
68
6 .1 0 .4 .4 . Bt rfs
Btrfs
. Btrfs
.
Btrfs .
.
6 .30. B t rf s
Btrfs:
1. Btrfs (. 6.10.4.1,
).
2. BT R FS.
, Btrfs .
.
3. ,
.
69

6 .31. B t rf s
R AID 0 ( )
. RAID 0

. RAID 0 ,
. RAID 0
RAID .
R AID 1 ( )

.
. RAID 1
RAID .
R AID 10 ( , )
RAID 0 RAID 1,
. , RAID 10
RAID 1.
RAID 0.
RAID 10 RAID .
70
.
:

. ,
.

. Btrfs

.
4. , . ,
.
,
.
/bo o t Btrfs.
6 .1 0 .4 .5 .
H AMD 64 Intel 64 :
/bo o t
/ho me
swap
/bo o t ( 500 )
/bo o t (
Red Hat Enterprise Linux) .

(500 ).
/bo o t .
(U)EFI ,
2 , /bo o t
2 .
71

BIOS RAID -.
/bo o t RAID -
, .
ro o t ( 10 )
/.
(, /bo o t /ho me),
.
5 ,

10 .
/ /ro o t.
/ho me ( 1 )
,
/ho me . ,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, /ho me .
50
.
swap ( 1 )
.

.
, .
.

, ,
.

mkswap(8).

.
10% .
,
.
6 .2.
Swap swap

72
Swap swap

2

> 2 8

> 8 64 2 1.5

64

(, 2 , 8 64 ),
,
.

.
, .
.
(.
6.10.4.5.1, ).

. C, LVM
.
, , .
6 .10.4 .5.1.
, Linux
. ,
.

. /ho me.
20 /bo o t.
500 .
/var ( , -
Ap ach e). . , ,
/var, ,
.
Packag eK it /var/cache/yum/.
/var, 3
.
/usr Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

5 .
.
73

LVM .

.
.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux. , MySQ L
/var/l i b/mysq l ,
.
BIOS, GPT, bi o sbo o t

1 (. 6.10.1, ).
UEFI /bo o t/efi . 200 .
6.11.
,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (. 6.10, ).
, .
6 .32.
md eventd RAID -
LVM.
74
6.11.1.
,
SCSI- Fibre Channel.

16 32 .
SAN
R AID
, RAID -.
6 .33.
i SC SI
FC o E SAN (Fibre Channel over Ethernet).
WWID (World Wide

Identifier), , LUN (Logical Unit Number).
75

6 .34 .
, (, , LUN, WWID ),
.
.
, .
.
, ,
, /etc/fstab.
An aco n d a.
.
, .
6 .1 1 .1 .1 .
iSCSI (. B, iSCSI) FCoE (Fibre

Channel over Ethernet) SAN (Storage Area Network).
76
6 .35.
6 .11.1.1.1. iSC SI
i SC SI. . . .
77

6 .36 . iSC SI
iSCSI iSCSI.
CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)
iSCSI.
, () iSCSI
.
() CHAP,
iSCSI.
,
. , iSCSI
. .
6 .1. iSC SI iSC SI
iSCSI .
78
1. i SC SI.
2. i SC SI IQN (iSCSI qualified name):
i q n. ( ).
-. , 20 10 -0 9 . ( ).
, . ,
sto rag e. exampl e. co m co m. exampl e. sto rag e.
, iSCSI
. : : d i skarrays-sn-a86 7530 9 .
, : i q n. 20 10 -
0 9 . sto rag e. exampl e. co m: d i skarrays-sn-a86 7530 9 . An aco n d a
iSCSI .
3.2.6 RFC 3720 -

Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3720#section-
3.2.6) 1 RFC 3721 - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Naming and
Discovery (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3721#section-1).
3. :
CHAP,
CHAP.
4. A. C H AP iSCSI.
B. C H AP, C HAP ,
C HAP , C HAP C HAP .
5.
.
6. . .
7. .
79

6 .37. iSC SI
8. ,
3.
, .
.
9. , iSCSI.
6 .11.1.1.2. FC o E
FC o E SAN,
FCoE.
, FCoE, FC o E.
80
6 .38. FC o E
D C B
DCB (D ata Center Bridging)

Ethernet .
D CB . D CB
, D CBX, .
D CBX .
VLAN
VLAN. ,
FIP (FCoE Initiation Protocol) Ethernet-
. , FCoE
VLAN , VLAN
FCoE.
SAN.
6.12.
,
.
81

6 .39 .
.
, Anaconda
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. .
, .
, ,
.
. (,
), .
6.13.
6 .4 0.
/var/l o g /anaco nd a/anaco nd a. packag i ng . l o g .
, ro o t
.
ro o t root.
. .
82
.
.
6.13.1. root
root .
root Microsoft Windows
, . root
,
.
6 .4 1. ro o t
ro o t.
. . , .
8 ;
, , ;
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( ), ,
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root.
6.13.2.

. -
,
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83

, .
6 .4 2.
.
32 .
.

(. 6.13.1, root).
, .
84
6 .4 3.
.
.
10 0 0 ,
. ,
. ,
. .
, .
6.14 .
! Red Hat Enterprise Linux .
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

, .

. X Window System ,
l o g i n: .
X Window System , Red Hat Enterprise Linux

,
, Red Hat Network . .
85

26, Firstboot .
86
7 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
7. AMD64
Intel 64
.
An aco n d a /tmp.
7.1.

/tmp/anaco nd a. l o g An aco n d a
/tmp/pro g ram. l o g
/tmp/packag i ng . l o g yu m rp m
/tmp/sysl o g
/tmp/anaco nd a-tb-ID,
ID .
RAM-
.
scp. ,
.
.
7.1.
1. C trl +Al t+F2, .

root .
2. USB- d mesg
.
:
[ 170 . 171135] sd 5: 0 : 0 : 0 : [sd b] Attached SC SI remo vabl e d i sk
sd b.
3. /mnt , USB-
.
usb.
# mkd i r usb
4. .
(, sd b1), sd b.
# mo unt /d ev/sd b1 /mnt/usb
, .
# cd /mnt/usb
87

# ls
5. .
# cp /tmp/*l o g /mnt/usb
6. USB-. , ,
, /.
# umo unt /mnt/usb
USB-.
7.2.

root .
2. /tmp:
# cd /tmp
3. :
# scp *l o g @ :
, , . ,
/ho me/jo hn/l o g s/ jo hn
19 2. 16 8. 0 . 122 :
# scp *l o g jo hn@ 19 2. 16 8. 0 . 122: /ho me/jo hn/l o g s/
T he authenti ci ty o f ho st ' 19 2. 16 8. 0 . 122 (19 2. 16 8. 0 . 122)' can' t

be establ i shed .
EC D SA key fi ng erpri nt i s
a4 : 6 0 : 76 : eb: b2: d 0 : aa: 23: af: 3d : 59 : 5c: d e: bb: c4 : 4 2.
Are yo u sure yo u want to co nti nue co nnecti ng (yes/no )?
yes Enter. ,
.
7.1.
7.1.1.

. ,
,
88
7 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
. ,
.
(.
20.1, ).
.
>
i nst. xd ri ver= vesa.
,
i nst. reso l uti o n= x, x
, 10 24 x76 8.
i nst. xd ri ver= x ,
. x , no uveau.
An aco n d a ,
.
, anaco nd a
https://bugzilla.redhat.com.
VN C
,
VNC (. 22,
VNC).
7.1.2.

, , . , An aco n d a
,
.
i nst. text co nso l e= (. 20,

).
7.2.
7.2.1.
89

.
. .
, An aco n d a .
RAID - .
.
iSCSI- ,
(HBA, Host Bus Adapter) LUN (Logical Unit
Numbers) (. B, iSCSI).
, ,
, SCSI-.
,
(. 4, AMD64 Intel 64).
Red Hat
7.2.2.
,
. ,
Red Hat.
: https://www.redhat.com/wapps/ugc/register.html.
.
7.1.
, ,
.
. . . .
, . tty1,
.
, co nti nue.
90
7 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
7.2.
, .
7.3. R ed H at .
1. R ed Hat.
2. .
R ed Hat.
7.3.
3. Red Hat.
91

7.4 .
-,
.
, O K.
4. , , ,
.
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92
7 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
7.5.
5. .
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7.6 .
93

6. . ,
. ,
, .
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, .
7.7.
7. ,
, . ,
.
7.3.
7.3.1. RAID-
, ,
, .
BIOS RAID -.
(, g rub> ) .
/bo o t
, RAID -.
, . 6.10,
.
7.3.2.
94
7 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
,
, ,
. .
7.4 .
1. .
, Esc.
2. e .
3. ( l i nux, l i nux16
l i nuxefi ) rhg b.
4. F10 C trl +X, .
.

.
7.5.
1. ro o t:
$ su -
2. /etc/d efaul t/g rub vim.
3. G R UB_C MD LINE_LINUX:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.md=0 rd.dm=0

vconsole.keymap=us $([ -x /usr/sbin/rhcrashkernel-param ] & &
/usr/sbin/rhcrashkernel-param || :) rd.luks=0
vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd.lvm.lv=vg_rhel/swap rhgb quiet"
rhg b.
4. .
5. , :
# g rub2-mkco nfi g --o utput= /bo o t/g rub2/g rub. cfg
.
, rhg b
G R UB_C MD LINE_LINUX /etc/d efaul t/g rub ,
g rub2-mkco nfi g .
G R U B 2 Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.
7.3.3.
X Win d o w Syst em ,
, startx.
.
95

,
syst emd g raphi cal . targ et .
.
7.6 .
1. . root,
su -.
2. g raphi cal . targ et:
# systemctl set-d efaul t g raphi cal . targ et
, .
, ro o t :
# systemctl set-d efaul t mul ti -user. targ et
syst emd
7.3.4 .
X (X Win d o w Syst em), , .

, -
, X Window .
X Win d o w Syst em .
https://access.redhat.com/site/solutions/5238.
7.3.5. X
X, ,
. :
$ d f -h
.
/ho me. d f:
%

/dev/mapper/vg_rhel-root 20G 6.0G 13G 32% /
devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.8G 2.7M 1.8G 1%
/dev/shm
tmpfs 1.8G 1012K 1.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0%
/sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 1.8G 2.6M 1.8G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 976M 150M 760M 17% /boot
/dev/dm-4 90G 90G 0 100% /home
96
7 . AMD6 4 Int el 6 4
, /ho me 100% . ,
, X, startx.
d f
d f(1).
7.3.6.
, ,
. free -m
. , BIOS
Memt est 86 + (. 20.2.1,
).
. ,
.
, 4 3.7 .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux kd u mp

.
free.
Kdump Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
, ,
mem= .
7.7.
1. .
, Esc.
2. e .
3. ( l i nux l i nux16 )
:
mem=xxM
xx .
4. F10 C trl +X, .
5. .
free -m. ,
/etc/d efaul t/g rub G R UB_C MD LINE_LINUX:
mem=xxM
xx .
6. , :
97

/bo o t/g rub/g rub :
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release.*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16
rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap $([ -x /usr/sbin/rhcrashkernel.param ] & &
/usr/sbin/rhcrashkernel-param || :) vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet
mem=1024M"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
G R U B 2 Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.
7.3.7. Signal 11
Signal 11 ( )
. Signal 11 , ,
.
, , An aco n d a
.
, .
1, Red Hat Enterprise Linux ,

. ,
rd . l i ve. check (. 20.2.2, ).
, , .
BIOS Memt est 86 + (
). 20.2.1,
.
.
Red Hat
98
II. IBM Power Syst ems
II. IBM Power Systems

IBM Power Systems (IBM PowerLinux,
POWER7 Power Systems) . IV,
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 32- 64-

Power Systems (ppc ppc6 4 ). Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
64- ppc6 4 .
99

8. IBM Power Systems

.
8.1.
7 AMD 64 Intel 64,
IBM Power Systems .
, ,
, .
8.2.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 IBM Power Systems POWER6

POWER7. POWER5 .
Red Hat https://hardware.redhat.com,
.
8.3. IBM
IB M In st allat io n T o o lkit Linux IBM

Power Systems , Linux.
IB M In st allat io n T o o lkit : [1]
Linux IBM Power Systems.
Linux ( Power System

LPAR).
IBM Linux,
(D LPAR, D ynamic Logical Partitions).
IBM Power Systems .
LAMP System x System p.

LAMP : Linux, Ap ach e (http-), MySQ L
PHP (Perl Python).
IB M In st allat io n T o o lkit PowerLinux

http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/lnxinfo/v3r0m0/topic/liaan/powerpack.htm.
PowerLinux

Linux POWER7, POWER6, POWER5 POWER4.

IBM
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/lnxinfo/v3r0m0/topic/liaau/liaauraskickoff.htm.
8.4 . IBM Power Syst ems
100
8 . IBM Power Syst ems
8.4 . IBM Power Syst ems
, real-base c0 0 0 0 0 ,
:
D EFAULT C AT C H! , excepti o n-hand l er= fff0 0 30 0
IBM Power Systems ,

, .
, .
HVSI, T2.

.
HMC (, , SCSI
Ethernet). HM .
IBM
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/powersys/v3r1m5/topic/iphbi_p5/iphbibook.pdf
SCSI, VIOS (Virtual I/O Server) IBM i

SCSI, . ,
HMC SCSI .
Intel iSCSI (Intel iSCSI Remote Boot)

iSCSI- , .

IBM: http://publib-b.boulder.ibm.com/abstracts/sg247499.html

HMC. SMS
.
8.5.
( ) ,
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux :
(SCSI, SATA, SAS).
HBA- Fibre Channel ,

.
, vSCSI (Virtual SCSI),

IBM Power Systems .
Red Hat USB- SD -.

Red Hat
101

(16 ),
, eHEA
.
Ethernet- IBM eHEA .
8.6.

. ,
.
, , :
, , . : Seagate
ST3320613AS 320 SATA0, Western D igital WD 7500AAKS 750 SATA1.
.

, :
: ,
.
. ,
, Unix,
/etc/fstab
mo unt bl ki d .

.
(. 11.10.1,
).
, .
. : Netgear GA311.
.
IP, D HCP BOOTP.
IP- .
IP- (D NS).
- , .
FTP, HTTP, HTTPS NFS.
102
iSCSI :
iSCSI.
CHAP.
, D HCP-,
.
8.7.

, A,
.
IBM Power Systems /, swap P R eP .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 .

11.10.4.5, .
8.8. RAID
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux. , Red Hat
Enterprise Linux .
8.8.1. RAID
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent D isks)

. ,
RAID . Red Hat Enterprise Linux RAID
.
8.8.2. RAID
RAID -. RAID -
(. 11.10.4,
).
8.8.3. USB-
USB- .
.
103

USB- Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

,
.
8.9.

.
( D VD , U SB )
(.
2, ).
( C D , D VD , U SB )
,
USB, CD D VD - .
, . 2,

.
PXE-
PXE (. 21,
).
.
8.10.
, ,
, , . ,
.

,
.
23, - .
[1] IBM:
http ://p ub lib .b o uld er.ib m.c o m/info c enter/lnxinfo /v3r0 m0 /ind ex.js p ?
to p ic =% 2Fliaay% 2Fto o ls _o verview.htm
104
9. IBM
Power Systems
, , ,
. Red Hat
.
ISO- RPM-.
,
.
.

. , D VD
.
. ,

. :
1. ,
, -, CD D VD .
2. USB, CD D VD (.
2.2, USB-, 2.1,
CD /D VD ).
, Red Hat
,
. ,
. ,
.
9.1.
.
, .
9.2.
Red Hat
ISO-.
.
O EMD R V ,
105

O EMD R V ,
An aco n d a .
i nst. d d , An aco n d a
.
i nst. d d =
. ( HT T P / HT T P S,
FT P ).

O EMD R V.
, ,
.
,
i p= (. 20.1, ).
9.2.1.
( USB-),
,
. , .
,
O EMD R V.
(. 9.3.1, ).
O EMD R V .
, . ,
(. i so ). 9.3.2,
.
9.2.2.
, CD D VD (. 2.1,
CD /D VD ).
, rhd d 3
rpms.
. i so , , .
.
9.3.
106
RPM-.
,
LVM RAID .
9.3.1.
O EMD R V,
.
. O EMD R V
,
.
9 .1.
c
An aco n d a.
9.3.2.
i nst. d d , O EMD R V
, . ,
ISO- , , ,
.
107

9 .2.
ISO- CD D VD - ,
O EMD R V, i nst. d d
(. ),
:
inst.dd=/dev/sr0
c
An aco n d a.
9.3.3.
108
USB- -
. USB- , , T ab
i nst. d d = .
9 .3.
- (, http://server.example.com/dd.iso)
USB- (, /dev/sdb1). ,
http://server.example.com/dd.rpm.
Enter.
9.3.4 .
.
, :
T ab
modprobe.blacklist=ahci

/etc/mo d pro be. d /anaco nd a-bl ackl i st. co nf (. 20, ).
109

10. IBM Power Systems

IBM Power Systems
yaboot, GRUB2 (.
11.10.1, ).
IBM Power Systems D VD ,

SMS (System Manag ement Servi ces).
SMS, 1, .
1,
10.1. SMS
SMS ,
C D /D VD ( SCSI). ,
( ).
D VD , yab o o t ,
bo o t: . , i nst. vnc
Enter ( ).
110
1 0 . IBM Power Syst ems
IBM Power Systems ,

,
.
i nst. vnc (.
).
yab o o t vml i nuz

ramd i sk. , ppc6 4 . i mg TFTP,
.
, yab o o t :
C anno t l o ad i ni trd . i mg : C l ai m fai l ed fo r i ni trd memo ry at

0 20 0 0 0 0 0 rc= ffffffff
, real -base c0 0 0 0 0 .
OpenFirmware, pri ntenv.
setenv .
10.1.
bo o t :
IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM IBM
IBM
IBM
IBM
IBM
/
Elapsed time since release of system processors: 276 mins 49 secs
System has 128 Mbytes in RMA

Config file read, 227 bytes
Welcome to the 64-bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 installer!

Hit <TAB> for boot options.
111

Welcome to yaboot version 1.3.17 (Red Hat 1.3.17-12.el7)

Enter "help" to get some basic usage information
boot:
l i nux Enter.
(. 20, ).
, , l i nux i nst. rescue
Enter.
i nst. vnc.
boot:
* linux
boot: linux inst.vnc
Please wait, loading kernel...
10.2.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFS,

FTP, HTTP/HTTPS. ,

D VD .
10.1.

(D VD , USB)
(CD , D VD
USB)

(PXE) D VD

10.3. yaboot
,
, , , (. 21,
).
.
(SMS), ,
.

.
yab o o t .
10.1. PXE
112
1.
, .
2. .
3. PXE-,
, .
. , .
, , SMS
.
.
113

11. Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM

Power Systems
An aco n d a.

. ,
, .
.
11.1.

,
. .
11.1.
114
1 1 . Red Hat Ent erprise Linux IBM Power Syst ems
11.2.
,
. , ,
,
(. 11.1.2, ).
11.1.1.

Interface), ,
.
, ,

, Enter .
Al t+X ( X , ).
, ,
VNC (. 22, VNC).
115

, ,
bo o t: :
l i nux i nst. text
10.1, Red Hat

Enterprise Linux, 11.1.2,
.
,
LVM.
, ,
.
1 1 .1 .1 .1 . t m ux

.
.
t mu x.

. .
,
.
, .
11.1. t mu x

1 C trl +b 1
2 C trl +b 2 root
3 C trl +b 3 /tmp/anaco nd a. l o g
4 C trl +b 4
5 C trl +b 5 /tmp/pro g ram. l o g
t mu x (C trl +Al t+F1).

, C trl +b p
( ) C trl +b n ( ).
116
, t mu x
C trl +b, ,
.
, t mu x, C trl +b 1,
6, C trl +Al t+F6 C trl +F6 .
1 1 .1 .1 .2 . HMC vt e rm
HMC vterm IBM Power. ,

HMC . vterm
, .
, (. 11.1.1.1,
tmux).
11.1.2.
An aco n d a .
, :
i nst. text;
text.
11.3.
117

Red Hat .
VNC, .
, -
20, ).
(.
23, -).
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.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.

(. 20.1, ). , ,
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11.2.
,
, ,
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118
.
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GeoIP.
11.4 .
11.3.
.
119

11.5.

, .
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120
11.6 .
.
(. 6.7, )
(. 6.11, )
(. 6.8, ).
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, NTP
.
121

11.7.
, .
NTP, ,
NTP. ,
.
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NTP , ,
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11.5.
,
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122
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.
11.8.
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123

11.9 .
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.
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11.7.
124
,
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11.10.
D VD USB,
. ,
(
R ed Hat Enterpri se Li nux 7. 0
rd . l i ve. check).
ISO -
.
ISO . .
http: //
https: //
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nfs
125

. NFS
.
NFS- :
server.example.com: ///
HTTP/HTTPS -: ,
HT T P - URL
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HTTP/HTTPS ,
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(.
11.9, ).
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126
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127

, .
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.

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11.12.
IPv4 D HCP. IPv6

.
.
128
11.13. IP
,
.
.
11.14 . IPv4
. ,
:
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11.8.2.
129

(VLAN,
,
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11.16 .
130
.
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11.17.
Red Hat
.

. xml .
,
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%packag es (.
23.3.3, , 23, -).
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sysl o g ;
SSH (Secure SHell);

. ,
.

, , . SSH
. NFS
NFS.
11.10.
. A,
.
132
.
, Linux,

.
BIOS RAID -.
/bo o t RAID .
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GRUB2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM
Power Systems.
.

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.
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. RAID 0

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.
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150
.
:

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM Power Systems.
/bo o t ( 500 )
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux) .

(500 ).
BIOS RAID -.
/bo o t RAID -
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151

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 RAID

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ro o t ( 10 )
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(, /bo o t /ho me),
.
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50
.
swap ( 1 )
.

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152
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153

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,

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SAN
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, RAID -.
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154
11.34 .
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.
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Channel over Ethernet) SAN (Storage Area Network).
155

11.35.
11.11.1.1.1. iSC SI
i SC SI. . . .
156
11.36 . iSC SI
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157

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7. .
158
11.37. iSC SI
8. ,
3.
, .
.
9. , iSCSI.
11.11.1.1.2. FC o E
FC o E SAN,
FCoE.
, FCoE, FC o E.
159

11.38. FC o E
D C B
DCB (D ata Center Bridging)

Ethernet .
D CB . D CB
, D CBX, .
D CBX .
VLAN
VLAN. ,
FIP (FCoE Initiation Protocol) Ethernet-
. , FCoE
VLAN , VLAN
FCoE.
SAN.
11.12.
,
.
160
11.39 .
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162
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163

11.4 3.
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10 0 0 ,
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11.14 .

, .

. X Window System ,
l o g i n: .
X Window System , Red Hat Enterprise Linux

,
164
26, Firstboot .
165

12. IBM
Power Systems
.
An aco n d a /tmp.
12.1.

/tmp/sysl o g
/tmp/anaco nd a-tb-ID, ID
.
RAM-
.
scp.
.

ssh.
12.1.

root .
2. /tmp:
# cd /tmp
3. :
# scp *l o g @ :
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19 2. 16 8. 0 . 122 :
166
be establ i shed .
yes Enter. ,
.
12.1.
12.1.1.

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12.2.
12.2.1.
.
. .
167

, An aco n d a .
RAID - .
.
iSCSI- ,
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,
(. 9, IBM Power Systems ).
Red Hat
12.2.2.
,
. ,
Red Hat.
.
12.1.
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. . . .
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168
12.2.
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2. ,
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3. Red Hat.
169

12.4 .
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170
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P R eP Bo o t,
/bo o t ( LVM Btrfs).
11.10.4.5, .
12.3.
12.3.1.
172
,
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12.3.
1. .
, Esc.
2. e .
3. ( l i nux)
rhg b.
4. F10 C trl +X, .
.

.
12.4 .
1. ro o t:
$ su -
2. /etc/d efaul t/g rub , vim.
3. , G R UB_C MD LINE_LINUX:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.md=0 rd.dm=0

vconsole.keymap=us $([ -x /usr/sbin/rhcrashkernel-param ] & &
/usr/sbin/rhcrashkernel-param || :) rd.luks=0
vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd.lvm.lv=vg_rhel/swap rhgb quiet"
rhg b.
4. .
5. , :
.
, rhg b
G R UB_C MD LINE_LINUX /etc/d efaul t/g rub , g rub2-
mkco nfi g .
G R U B 2
12.3.2.
X Win d o w Syst em ,
, startx.
.
173

,
syst emd g raphi cal . targ et .
.
12.5.
1. . root,
su -.
2. g raphi cal . targ et:
# systemctl set-d efaul t g raphi cal . targ et
,
. , :
# systemctl set-d efaul t mul ti -user. targ et
syst emd
12.3.3.
X (X Win d o w Syst em), , .

, -
, X Window System
.
X Win d o w Syst em .
12.3.4 . X
X, ,
.
$ d f -h
.
/ho me. d f:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted

on
/dev/mapper/vg_rhel-root 20G 6.0G 13G 32% /
devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.8G 2.7M 1.8G 1%
/dev/shm
tmpfs 1.8G 1012K 1.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0%
/sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 1.8G 2.6M 1.8G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 976M 150M 760M 17% /boot
/dev/dm-4 90G 90G 0 100% /home
174
, /ho me 100% . ,
, X, startx.
d f d f(1).
12.3.5. Signal 11
Signal 11 ( )
. Signal 11 , ,
.
, , An aco n d a
.
,
.

. ,
rd . l i ve. check (. 20.2.2, ).
.
.
12.3.6. IPL *NWSST G
IPL *NWSSTG,
P R eP .
.
175

III. IBM System z

(IPL, Initial Program Load) Red Hat
Enterprise Linux IBM System z.
176
1 3. IBM Syst em z
13. IBM System z
13.1.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 IBM,

zEnterprise 196.
,
IBM System z, (LPAR, Logical Partitions)
z/VM. System z https://www-
03.ibm.com/systems/ru/z/.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux System z D ASD FCP.
, :
,
z/VM.
.
z/VM z/VM ,
.
(. 15.10.3.5, ).
. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 IBM System z

:
(OSA, Open Systems Adapter);
HiperSockets;
LCS (LAN channel station) OSA.
. D ASD [2] SCSI

[3] . , 2 ,
5 .
.
.

.
15.10.3.5,
.
. Linux 1 . ,
, 512
.
13.2. Syst em z
Red Hat Enterprise Linux System z
. System z
. , :
177

1.
IPL (Initial Program Load)

(. 14, IBM System z).
2. An aco n d a
An aco n d a ,
, , , ,
(. 15, Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM System z).
13.2.1.
IPL
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux System z. Linux,
(kernel . i mg ) RAM- (i ni trd . i mg )
g eneri c. prm, .
.
IPL . , Linux
z/VM,
z/VM. Linux ,
(HMC, Hardware Management
Console) (SE, Service Element).
Linux z/VM,
:
z/VM (. 14.3.1,
z/VM).
(SE) HMC FTP (. 14.4.1,

FTP);
(SE) HMC D VD (. 14.4.4, SCSI D VD

FCP).
z/VM, LPAR :
D ASD (. 14.3.2, D ASD z/VM 14.4.2, D ASD

LPAR);
SCSI, FCP (. 14.3.3, SCSI-

FCP z/VM 14.4.3, SCSI-
FCP LPAR);
SCSI D VD , FCP (. 14.3.4, SCSI D VD

FCP z/VM 14.4.4, SCSI D VD
FCP LPAR).
D ASD SCSI, FCP ( SCSI D VD ),

zi pl .
13.2.2. Anaconda
178
1 3. IBM Syst em z
An aco n d a : ,
.
VNC (.
22, VNC).
,
, -
VNC (. 15.1.3, ).

System z.
, . 23, -
.
.
( SCSI FCP,
) .
(. 15, Red Hat
Enterprise Linux IBM System z).
[2] (DASD, Direc t Ac c es s Sto rag e Devic es )

, . , , d asd a
d asd a1 , d asd a2 , d asd a3.
[3] z FCP , SCSI LUN

Linux SCSI.
179

14. IBM System z

IPL (Initial Program Boot) An aco n d a
(z/VM LPAR).
14 .1. g eneri c. prm
, g eneri c. prm.
i nst. repo = (. ).
i p= nameserver= (. ).
rd . znet= ,
, , sysfs
.
rd.znet.
rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,protocol=bar
rd . d asd = D ASD
sysfs .
rd.dasd.
rd.dasd=0.0.0200,readonly=0
rd . zfcp= zFCP
, WWPN FCP LUN.
rd.zfcp.
rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000
14 .2.
,
z ip l. , z ip l
. ,
.
z ip l, :
# zi pl -V -t /mnt/ -i /mnt/i mag es/kernel . i mg -r /mnt/i mag es/i ni trd . i mg

-p /mnt/i mag es/g eneri c. prm
14.1, g eneri c. prm g eneri c. prm

.
180
1 4 . IBM Syst em z
14 .3. z /VM
z/VM :
z/VM;
D ASD SCSI- FCP, z ip l;
SCSI D VD , FCP.
z/VM. Linux
x3270 c3270 x3270-text.
IBM 3270 HMC IBM System z.
Microsoft Windows, 3270 SSL (.
http://www.jollygiant.com/) Windows- c3270, wc3270.
3270,
, ,
:
l o g o n here
z/VM.
(,
RACF).
C MS , :
cp i pl cms
CMS (, A c 0191).
, CMS, :
q uery d i sk
z/VM,
.
.
1 .
cp q uery vi rtual sto rag e
o sa
OSA CHPID OSD , (VSWITCH GuestLAN QD IO),

QD IO.
hsi
181

HiperSockets CHPID IQD , (GuestLAN Hipers).
l cs
LCS CHPID OSE.
, :
cp q uery vi rtual o sa
D ASD ( ,
):
cp q uery vi rtual d asd
FCP:
cp q uery vi rtual fcp
14 .3.1. z /VM
z/VM.
1. TCP/IP z/VM
CMS. :
cp link tcpmaint 592 592

acc 592 fm
fm FILEMO D E.
2.
ftp
IP- FTP-, kernel . i mg

i ni trd . i mg .
3. (
(repl kernel . i mg , i ni trd . i mg ,
g eneri c. prm, red hat. exec):
cd ///_/i mag es/

asci i
g et g eneri c. prm (repl
g et red hat. exec (repl
l o csi te fi x 80
bi nary
g et kernel . i mg (repl
g et i ni trd . i mg (repl
q ui t
182
1 4 . IBM Syst em z
4. fi l el i st
. , kernel . i mg i ni trd . i mg
(.. Fo rmat F, Lrecl 80).
VMUSER FILELIST A0 V 169 Trunc=169 Size=6 Line=1 Col=1 Alt=0

Cmd Filename Filetype Fm Format Lrecl Records Blocks Date Time
REDHAT EXEC B1 V 22 1 1 4/15/10 9:30:40
GENERIC PRM B1 V 44 1 1 4/15/10 9:30:32
INITRD IMG B1 F 80 118545 2316 4/15/10 9:30:25
KERNEL IMG B1 F 80 74541 912 4/15/10 9:30:17
P F3, CMS.
5. g eneri c. prm (.
14.1, g eneri c. prm).
g eneri c. prm CMSDASD= CMSCONFFILE=

(. 18.2,
z/VM).
6. red hat. exec:
red hat
14 .3.2. DASD
D ASD z ip l Red Hat

Enterprise Linux. :
cp i pl __DASD l o ad parm __

z ip l, :
cp i pl eb1c l o ad parm 0
14 .3.3. SCSI- FCP
SCSI, FCP.
1. z/VM SCSI- FCP

z ip l,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux:
cp set l o ad d ev po rtname WWPN l un LUN bo o tpro g

__
WWPN (World Wide Port Name)

. 16
. :
cp set l o ad d ev po rtname 50 0 50 76 3 0 50 b0 73d l un 4 0 20 4 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bo o tpro g 0
183

2. :
q uery l o ad d ev
3. FCP-, :
cp i pl
cp i pl fc0 0
14 .3.4 . SCSI DVD FCP
D VD - SCSI, FCP-SCSI, , ,
FCP System z. z/VM.
1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux D VD System z .
2. z/VM D VD - FCP
D VD :
cp set l o ad d ev po rtname WWPN l un FCP_LUN bo o tpro g 1
WWPN FCP-SCSI D VD .
16
. :
cp set l o ad d ev po rtname 20 0 10 0 6 0 eb1c0 10 3 l un 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bo o tpro g 1
3. :
cp q uery l o ad d ev
4. IPL FCP, FCP-SCSI:
cp i pl
cp i pl fc0 0
14 .4 . LPAR
(LPAR) :
FTP-;
D ASD SCSI- FCP, z ip l;
SCSI D VD , FCP.
184
1 4 . IBM Syst em z
1. HMC (Hardware Master Console) SE (Support Element)

,
LPAR, , SY SP R O G .
2. Imag es .
C PC R eco very.
3. O perati ng System Messag es,

Linux.
4. g eneri c. prm (.
14.1, g eneri c. prm).
14 .4 .1. FT P
1. Lo ad fro m C D -R O M, D VD o r Server.
2. FT P So urce :
Ho st C o mputer IP- FTP-, ftp. red hat. co m.
User ID FTP-.
ano nymo us.
P asswo rd . ano nymo us

.
Acco unt .
Fi l e l o cati o n , Red Hat

Enterprise Linux, /rhel /s39 0 x/.
3. .
4. g eneri c. i ns
.
14 .4 .2. DASD
1. Lo ad .
2. Lo ad type No rmal .
3. Lo ad ad d ress D ASD .
4. Lo ad parameter Red Hat

Enterprise Linux z ip l.
5. O K.
14 .4 .3. SCSI- FCP
1. Lo ad .
2. Lo ad type SC SI.
185

3. Lo ad ad d ress FCP,
SCSI.
4. Wo rl d wi d e po rt name WWPN 16
.
5. Lo g i cal uni t number

16 .
6. Bo o t pro g ram sel ecto r

Red Hat Enterprise Linux z ip l.
7. Bo o t reco rd l o g i cal bl o ck ad d ress

O perati ng system speci fi c l o ad parameters.
8. O K.
14 .4 .4 . SCSI DVD FCP
D VD - SCSI, FCP-SCSI, ,
, FCP System z.
.
1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux D VD System z .
2. Lo ad .
3. Lo ad type SC SI.
4. Lo ad ad d ress FCP,
FCP-SCSI.
5. Wo rl d wi d e po rt name WWPN FCP-

SCSI ( 16 ).
6. Lo g i cal uni t number D VD -

( 16 ).
7. Bo o t pro g ram sel ecto r 1 Red Hat

Enterprise Linux.
8. Bo o t reco rd l o g i cal bl o ck ad d ress

O perati ng system speci fi c l o ad parameters.
9. O K.
186
1 5. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux IBM Syst em z
15. Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM System z

An aco n d a.

. ,
, .
.
15.1.
,
. .
15.1.
187

15.2.
,
. , ,
,
(. 15.1.2, 15.1.3, ).
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Interface), ,
.
, ,

, Enter .
Al t+X ( X , ).
15.1.2.
An aco n d a
i nst. cmd l i ne (. 18.4, ) cmd l i ne
(. 23, -).
,
, .
15.1.3.
An aco n d a .
, :
188
i nst. text;
text.
15.3.
Red Hat .
VNC, .
, -
20, ).
(.
23, -).
FCP LUN;
189

,
. . . ,
r .
.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.

(. 20.1, ). , ,
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15.2.
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7. Linux IBM Redbook Linux IBM System z:

[IBM Form Number SG24-6926-01], [ISBN 0738485586]
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg246926.html
Linux
http://www.vm.ibm.com/perf/tips/linuxper.html
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#cp i 20 0
D ASD (
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/bo o t FCP LUN, WWPN LUN .
IPL- FCP-, :
1. . , WWPN 0 x50 0 50 76 30 50 B0 73D ,

LUN 0 x4 0 20 4 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , :
#cp set l o ad d ev po rtname 50 0 50 76 3 0 50 B0 73D l un 4 0 20 4 0 0 1

00000000
2. IPL FCP. , FC 0 0 :
#cp i pl FC 0 0
3270 Linux
#cp d i sco nnect #cp l o g o ff.
C P
R EAD . , BEG IN.
15.14 .2. LPAR
HMC LPAR, D ASD FCP, WWPN

LUN, /bo o t.
15.14 .3.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ssh .

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3270 , /etc/securetty.

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233

16. IBM
System z
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2. /tmp:
# cd /tmp
3. :
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234
1 6 . IBM Syst em z
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16.2.1. XDMCP
X Win d o w Syst em Red Hat Enterprise Linux,

, XDMCP (X D isplay Manager Control
Protocol),
X Window (,
X11).
16 .3. XD MC P IB M Syst em z
1. /etc/g d m/custo m. co nf vi n an o .
2. [xd mcp] :
Enabl e= true
3. .
4. X Win d o w Syst em,

ro o t:
# systemctl restart g d m. servi ce
,
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$ X : 1 -q uery
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X11 XD MCP
: 1 X11, ,
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Xnest
X11. , ,
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$ Xnest : 1 -q uery
XD MCP
http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.6/doc/libXdmcp/xdmcp.html.
16.2.2. Signal 11
24 0
1 6 . IBM Syst em z
Signal 11 ( )
. Signal 11 , ,
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signal 11
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. ,
rd . l i ve. check (. 20.2.2, ).
.
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24 1

17. IBM
System z
19, Linux
System z. .
17.1. DASD
D ASD .
z/VM , :
C P AT T AC H EB1C T O *
C P LINK R HEL7X 4 B2E 4 B2E MR

D ASD 4 B2E LINKED R /W
z/VM (SC24-6175).
17.1.1. DASD
D ASD :
1. D ASD :
# ci o _i g no re -r
D ASD , :
# ci o _i g no re -r 4 b2e
2. , :
# chccwd ev -e
D ASD , :
# chccwd ev -e 4 b2e
sysfs:
a. /sys/:
# cd /sys/bus/ccw/drivers/dasd-eckd/0.0.4b2e/
24 2
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
# ls -l
total 0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 availability
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 cmb_enable
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 cutype
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 detach_state
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 devtype
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 discipline
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 online
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 readonly
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 use_diag
b. , :
# cat online
0
c. , :
# echo 1 > online

# cat online
1
3. :
# ls -l
total 0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 availability
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 25 17:07 block ->
../../../../block/dasdb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 cmb_enable
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 cutype
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 detach_state
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 devtype
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 discipline
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 25 17:04 online
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 readonly
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 use_diag
4B2E /d ev/d asd b.
. 17.1.3, D ASD
, .
/d ev/d i sk/by-path/.
17.1.2. DASD
, /ro o t :
# cd
# dasdfmt -b 4096 -d cdl -p /dev/disk/by-path/ccw-0.0.4b2e
Drive Geometry: 10017 Cylinders * 15 Heads = 150255 Tracks
I am going to format the device /dev/disk/by-path/ccw-0.0.4b2e in the
24 3

following way:
Device number of device : 0x4b2e
Labelling device : yes
Disk label : VOL1
Disk identifier : 0X4B2E
Extent start (trk no) : 0
Extent end (trk no) : 150254
Compatible Disk Layout : yes
Blocksize : 4096
--->> ATTENTION! <<---

All data of that device will be lost.
Type "yes" to continue, no will leave the disk untouched: yes
cyl 97 of 3338 |#----------------------------------------------|
2%
, fd asd :
Rereading the partition table...

Exiting...
fdasd ( ).
, :
# fdasd -a /dev/disk/by-path/ccw-0.0.4b2e
auto-creating one partition for the whole disk...
writing volume label...
writing VTOC...
checking !
wrote NATIVE!
rereading partition table...

Linux: , LVM,
(, /d ev/d i sk/by-path/ccw-0 . 0 . 4 b2e-part1).
d ev/d asd b d asd fmt fd asd .
/d ev/d i sk/by-
path/, ,
/etc/fstab.
17.1.3. DASD
D ASD ,
.
,
/.
i ni tramfs.
ci o _i g no re ,
.
1 7 .1 .3.1 . DASD
24 4
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
/etc/zi pl . co nf z ip l.
i ni tramfs .
rd.dasd= D ASD

=, sysf s.
zi pl . co nf ,
D ASD , vg _d evel 1,
l v_ro o t .
[defaultboot]
default=linux
target=/boot/
[linux]
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19.el7.s390x
ramdisk=/boot/initramfs-2.6.32-19.el7.s390x.img
parameters="root=/dev/mapper/vg_devel1-lv_root
rd.dasd=0.0.0200,use_diag=0,readonly=0,erplog=0,failfast=0
rd_LVM_LV=vg_devel1/lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYTABLE=us cio_ignore=all,!condev"
, D ASD
0 . 0 . 20 2b.
rd . d asd = 0 . 0 . 20 2b zi pl . co nf:
[defaultboot]
default=linux
target=/boot/
[linux]
rd.dasd=0.0.202b rd_LVM_LV=vg_devel1/lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD
rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYTABLE=us
cio_ignore=all,!condev"
zi pl /etc/zi pl . co nf:
# zipl -V
Using config file '/etc/zipl.conf'
Target device information
Device..........................: 5e:00
Partition.......................: 5e:01
Device name.....................: dasda
DASD device number..............: 0201
Type............................: disk partition
Disk layout.....................: ECKD/compatible disk layout
Geometry - heads................: 15
Geometry - sectors..............: 12
Geometry - cylinders............: 3308
Geometry - start................: 24
File system block size..........: 4096
24 5

Physical block size.............: 4096

Device size in physical blocks..: 595416
Building bootmap in '/boot/'
Building menu 'rh-automatic-menu'
Adding #1: IPL section 'linux' (default)
kernel image......: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19.el7.s390x
kernel parmline...: 'root=/dev/mapper/vg_devel1-lv_root
rd.dasd=0.0.202b rd_LVM_LV=vg_devel1/lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYTABLE=us
cio_ignore=all,!condev'
initial ramdisk...: /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-19.el7.s390x.img
component address:
kernel image....: 0x00010000-0x00a70fff
parmline........: 0x00001000-0x00001fff
initial ramdisk.: 0x02000000-0x022d2fff
internal loader.: 0x0000a000-0x0000afff
Preparing boot device: dasda (0201).
Preparing boot menu
Interactive prompt......: enabled
Menu timeout............: 15 seconds
Default configuration...: 'linux'
Syncing disks...
Done.
1 7 .1 .3.2 . DASD
D ASD ,
, /etc/d asd . co nf.
D ASD ,
=, .
sysfs.
D ASD /etc/d asd . co nf .
D ASD .
/etc/d asd . co nf:
0.0.0207
0.0.0200 use_diag=1 readonly=1
/etc/d asd . co nf
D ASD
- ( D ASD z/VM).
, /etc/d asd . co nf,
.
1. D ASD :
# ci o _i g no re -r 0 21a
24 6
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
2. , uevent:
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/ID_/uevent
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/0 . 0 . 0 21a/uevent
17.2. FCP LUN
FCP LUN.
z/VM, FCP
.
FCP (CHIPD ).
C P AT T AC H FC 0 0 T O *
C P AT T AC H FC D 0 T O *
17.2.1. FCP LUN
1. FCP :
FCP.
2. , :
# chccwd ev -e fc0 0
3. , WWPN
:
# ls -l /sys/bus/ccw/drivers/zfcp/0.0.fc00/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 0 Apr 28 18:19 0x500507630040710b
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 0 Apr 28 18:19 0x50050763050b073d
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 0 Apr 28 18:19 0x500507630e060521
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 0 Apr 28 18:19 0x500507630e860521
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 availability
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 card_version
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 cmb_enable
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 cutype
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 devtype
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Apr 28 18:17 driver ->
24 7

../../../../bus/ccw/drivers/zfcp
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 failed
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 hardware_version
drwxr-xr-x. 35 root root 0 Apr 28 18:17 host0
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 in_recovery
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 lic_version
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 modalias
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 online
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 peer_d_id
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 peer_wwnn
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 peer_wwpn
--w-------. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 port_remove
--w-------. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 port_rescan
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Apr 28 18:19 power
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:19 status
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Apr 28 18:17 subsystem ->
../../../../bus/ccw
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Apr 28 18:17 uevent
4. FCP LUN, ,
:
# echo 0 x4 0 20 4 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 >
/sys/bus/ccw/d ri vers/zfcp/0 . 0 . fc0 0 /0 x50 0 50 76 30 50 b0 73d /uni t_ad d
5. , :
# lszfcp -DV
/sys/devices/css0/0.0.0015/0.0.fc00/0x50050763050b073d/0x40204001000
00000
/sys/bus/ccw/drivers/zfcp/0.0.fc00/host0/rport-0:0-
21/target0:0:21/0:0:21:1089355792
17.2.2. FCP LUN
FCP LUN ,
.
,
/.
i ni tramfs,
. ci o _i g no re
,
.
1 7 .2 .2 .1 . FCP LUN
/etc/zi pl . co nf z ip l.
i ni tramfs .
FCP LUN
rd.zfcp=, : ,
WWPN 16 0 x FCP
LUN 0 x. 16 ,
.
24 8
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
zi pl . co nf, FCP LUN

, vg _d evel 1, ,
, l v_ro o t .
, .
[defaultboot]
default=linux
target=/boot/
[linux]
rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a000000000
rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a100000000
, FCP LUN
0.0.fc00, WWPN 0x5105074308c212e9 LUN 0x401040a300000000.
zi pl . co nf
rd . zfcp= 0 . 0 . fc0 0 ,0 x510 50 74 30 8c212e9 ,0 x4 0 10 4 0 a30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 :
[defaultboot]
default=linux
target=/boot/
[linux]
rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a000000000
rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a100000000
rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a300000000
zi pl /etc/zi pl . co nf:
# zipl -V
Using config file '/etc/zipl.conf'
Target device information
Device..........................: 08:00
Partition.......................: 08:01
Device name.....................: sda
Device driver name..............: sd
Type............................: disk partition
Disk layout.....................: SCSI disk layout
Geometry - start................: 2048
File system block size..........: 4096
Physical block size.............: 512
Device size in physical blocks..: 10074112
Building bootmap in '/boot/'
Building menu 'rh-automatic-menu'
Adding #1: IPL section 'linux' (default)
kernel image......: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19.el7.s390x
kernel parmline...: 'root=/dev/mapper/vg_devel1-lv_root
24 9

rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a000000000
rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a100000000
rd.zfcp=0.0.fc00,0x5105074308c212e9,0x401040a300000000
SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYTABLE=us cio_ignore=all,!condev'
initial ramdisk...: /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-19.el7.s390x.img
component address:
kernel image....: 0x00010000-0x007a21ff
parmline........: 0x00001000-0x000011ff
initial ramdisk.: 0x02000000-0x028f63ff
internal loader.: 0x0000a000-0x0000a3ff
Preparing boot device: sda.
Detected SCSI PCBIOS disk layout.
Writing SCSI master boot record.
Syncing disks...
Done.
1 7 .2 .2 .2 . FCP LUN
FCP LUN ,
,
/etc/zfcp. co nf. LUN
FCP, WWPN 16
0 x LUN 0 x. LUN
16 , .
/etc/zfcp. co nf FCP .
FCP.
/etc/zfcp. co nf:
0.0.fc00 0x5105074308c212e9 0x401040a000000000

0.0.fc00 0x5105074308c212e9 0x401040a100000000
0.0.fc00 0x5105074308c212e9 0x401040a300000000
0.0.fcd0 0x5105074308c2aee9 0x401040a000000000
0.0.fcd0 0x5105074308c2aee9 0x401040a100000000
0.0.fcd0 0x5105074308c2aee9 0x401040a300000000
/etc/zfcp. co nf
FCP
- ( z/VM).
/etc/zfcp. co nf :
1. FCP :
FCP.
# ci o _i g no re -r fcfc
2. , uevent:
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/ID_/uevent
250
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/0 . 0 . fcfc/uevent
17.3.
u d ev.
IBM System z
.
IBM
System z, qeth (. 17.3.1,
q eth ) lcs (. 17.3.2, LCS) Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
17.3.1. q eth
q eth OSA-Express c QD IO, HiperSockets, LAN

z/VM VSWITCH z/VM.
q eth Ethernet Hipersockets enccwID_.

enccw0 . 0 . 0 a0 0
, .
1 7 .3.1 .1 . q eth
q eth.
1. , q eth .
:
# lsmod | grep qeth

qeth_l3 127056 9
qeth_l2 73008 3
ipv6 492872
251

155ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6,qeth_l3
qeth 115808 2 qeth_l3,qeth_l2
qdio 68240 1 qeth
ccwgroup 12112 2 qeth
l smo d , ,
mo d pro be:
# mo d pro be q eth
2. :
ID___,ID___,ID__
_
ID___, ID___
ID___ . ,
, ID___ 0 . 0 . f50 0 ,
ID___ 0 . 0 . f50 1, ID___
0 . 0 . f50 2, :
# ci o _i g no re -r 0 . 0 . f50 0 ,0 . 0 . f50 1,0 . 0 . f50 2
3. z n et co n f :
# znetconf -u
Scanning for network devices...
Device IDs Type Card Type CHPID Drv.
------------------------------------------------------------
0.0.f500,0.0.f501,0.0.f502 1731/01 OSA (QDIO) 00 qeth
0.0.f503,0.0.f504,0.0.f505 1731/01 OSA (QDIO) 01 qeth
0.0.0400,0.0.0401,0.0.0402 1731/05 HiperSockets 02 qeth
4. z n et co n f
:
# znetconf -a f500
Successfully configured device 0.0.f500 (enccw0.0.f500)
5. :
# znetconf -a f500 -o portname=myname

Successfully configured device 0.0.f500 (enccw0.0.f500)
enccw0 . 0 . f50 0 .
sysfs.
1. q eth:
252
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
# echo
ID___,ID___,ID__
_ > /sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/q eth/g ro up
# echo 0 . 0 . f50 0 ,0 . 0 . f50 1,0 . 0 . f50 2 >

/sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/q eth/g ro up
2. , :
# l s /sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/q eth/0 . 0 . f50 0
portno
layer2
portname
3. , 1:
# echo 1 > /sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/q eth/0 . 0 . f50 0 /o nl i ne
4. :
# cat /sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/q eth/0 . 0 . f50 0 /o nl i ne

1
1 , , 0 .
5. , :
# cat /sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/q eth/0 . 0 . f50 0 /i f_name

enccw0 . 0 . f50 0
enccw0 . 0 . f50 0 .
s390utils
q eth:
# lsqeth enccw0.0.f500
Device name : enccw0.0.f500
-------------------------------------------------
card_type : OSD_1000
cdev0 : 0.0.f500
cdev1 : 0.0.f501
cdev2 : 0.0.f502
chpid : 76
online : 1
portname : OSAPORT
portno : 0
state : UP (LAN ONLINE)
253

priority_queueing : always queue 0

buffer_count : 16
layer2 : 1
isolation : none
1 7 .3.1 .2 . qe t h
q eth z n et co n f :
1. :
znetconf -c
Device IDs Type Card Type CHPID Drv. Name
State
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
0.0.8036,0.0.8037,0.0.8038 1731/05 HiperSockets FB qeth hsi1
online
0.0.f5f0,0.0.f5f1,0.0.f5f2 1731/01 OSD_1000 76 qeth
enccw0.0.09a0 online
0.0.f500,0.0.f501,0.0.f502 1731/01 GuestLAN QDIO 00 qeth
enccw0.0.f500 online
2. , :
# znetconf -r f500
Remove network device 0.0.f500 (0.0.f500,0.0.f501,0.0.f502)?
Warning: this may affect network connectivity!
Do you want to continue (y/n)?y
Successfully removed device 0.0.f500 (enccw0.0.f500)
3. , :
znetconf -c
Device IDs Type Card Type CHPID Drv. Name
State
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
0.0.8036,0.0.8037,0.0.8038 1731/05 HiperSockets FB qeth hsi1
online
0.0.f5f0,0.0.f5f1,0.0.f5f2 1731/01 OSD_1000 76 qeth
enccw0.0.09a0 online
1 7 .3.1 .3. q eth
q eth ,
.
/etc/sysco nfi g /netwo rk-scri pts/.
i fcfg -,
i f_name q eth (, eth1). ci o _i g no re
,
.
254
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
# cp ifcfg-enccw0.0.09a0 ifcfg-enccw0.0.0600
# lsqeth -p
devices CHPID interface cardtype port
chksum prio-q'ing rtr4 rtr6 lay'2 cnt
-------------------------- ----- ---------------- -------------- ---- --
---- ---------- ---- ---- ----- -----
0.0.09a0/0.0.09a1/0.0.09a2 x00 enccw0.0.09a0 Virt.NIC QDIO 0 sw
always_q_2 n/a n/a 1 64
0.0.0600/0.0.0601/0.0.0602 x00 enccw0.0.0600 Virt.NIC QDIO 0 sw
always_q_2 n/a n/a 1 64
, .
i fcfg -eth0 .
# IBM QETH
DEVICE=enccw0.0.09a0
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.12.20.136
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
NETTYPE=qeth
SUBCHANNELS=0.0.09a0,0.0.09a1,0.0.09a2
PORTNAME=OSAPORT
OPTIONS='layer2=1 portno=0'
MACADDR=02:00:00:23:65:1a
TYPE=Ethernet
i fcfg -0 . 0 . 0 6 0 0 :
1. DEVICE i f_name ccw.
2. IPADDR IP- .
3. NETMASK.
4. , ONBOOT yes.
5. , SUBCHANNELS qeth.
6. PORTNAME.
7. sysfs OPTIONS,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux layer2
portno q eth.
q eth OSA .
i fcfg , OPTIONS
l ayer2= 0 .
/etc/sysco nfi g /netwo rk-scri pts/i fcfg -0 . 0 . 0 6 0 0
255

# IBM QETH
DEVICE=enccw0.0.0600
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.70.87
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
NETTYPE=qeth
SUBCHANNELS=0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602
PORTNAME=OSAPORT
OPTIONS='layer2=1 portno=0'
MACADDR=02:00:00:b3:84:ef
TYPE=Ethernet
i fcfg

( z/VM). i fcfg
:
1. :
ID___,ID___,ID__
_
ID___, ID___
ID___ . :
# ci o _i g no re -r 0 . 0 . 0 6 0 0 ,0 . 0 . 0 6 0 1,0 . 0 . 0 6 0 2
2. , uevent:
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/_/uevent
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/0 . 0 . 0 6 0 0 /uevent
3. :
# l sq eth
4. :
# i fup enccw0 . 0 . 0 6 0 0
5. :
# ifconfig enccw0.0.0600
enccw0.0.0600 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:00:00:00:00:01
inet addr:192.168.70.87 Bcast:192.168.70.255
Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::ff:fe00:1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1
256
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
RX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:644 (644.0 b) TX bytes:264 (264.0 b)
6. :
# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref
Use Iface
192.168.70.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0
0 enccw0.0.0600
10.1.20.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0
0 enccw0.0.09a0
default 10.1.20.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0
0 enccw0.0.09a0
7. pi ng
:
# ping -c 1 192.168.70.8
PING 192.168.70.8 (192.168.70.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.70.8: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=8.07 ms
8. ,
/etc/sysco nfi g /netwo rk.
17.3.2. LCS
LCS (LAN channel station) 1000Base-T Ethernet

OSA-Express2 OSA-Express 3.
LC S OSA-Express Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet

enccwID_. enccw0 . 0 . 0 a0 0
, .
1 7 .3.2 .1 . LCS
1. :
# mo d pro be l cs
2. :
# ci o _i g no re -r ID___,ID__

ID___ ID___
. :
# ci o _i g no re -r 0 . 0 . 0 9 a0 ,0 . 0 . 0 9 a1
3. :
257

# echo ID___,ID___ >

/sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/l cs/g ro up
4. . OSA 16
CHPID . LCS 0 . ,
:
# echo > /sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/l cs/d evi ce_bus_i d /po rtno
5. :
# echo 1 >
/sys/bus/ccwg ro up/d ri vers/l cs/ID _ _ _/o nl i ne
6. :
# ls -l /sys/bus/ccwgroup/drivers/lcs/ID__/net/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 2010-04-22 16:54 enccw0.0.0600
1 7 .3.2 .2 . LCS
ci o _i g no re ,
.
LCS.
1. i fcfg - /etc/sysco nfi g /netwo rk-

scri pts/, i f_name
q eth. : enccw0 . 0 . 0 9 a0 .
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enccw0.0.09a0
# IBM LCS
DEVICE=enccw0.0.09a0
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.12.20.136
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
NETTYPE=lcs
SUBCHANNELS=0.0.09a0,0.0.09a1
PORTNAME=0
OPTIONS=''
TYPE=Ethernet
2. PORTNAME, LCS (portno).

lcs sysfs OPTIONS (. 17.3.1.3,
q eth ).
3. DEVICE:
DEVICE=enccwID_
258
1 7 . IBM Syst em z
4. :
# i fup enccwID_
i fcfg . i fcfg
:
1. LCS :
# ci o _i g no re -r ID___,ID__

ID___ ID___
. :
# ci o _i g no re -r 0 . 0 . 0 9 a0 ,0 . 0 . 0 9 a1
2. , uevent:
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/_/uevent
echo ad d > /sys/bus/ccw/d evi ces/0 . 0 . 0 9 a0 /uevent
17.3.3.

(. 18, IBM System z),
z ip l zi pl . co nf D ASD
SCSI LUN, FCP. initramfs .
D racu t , mkin it rd , rd.znet=

.
NETTYPE (qeth, lcs, ctc),

(lcs, ctc) (qeth) ,
, sysfs . rd.znet=
System z. IP-
,
. d racu t .
cio _ig n o re .
NFS:
root=10.16.105.196:/nfs/nfs_root cio_ignore=all,!condev
rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0a00,0.0.0a01,0.0.0a02,layer2=1,portno=0,portname=OSAPO
RT
ip=10.16.105.197:10.16.105.196:10.16.111.254:255.255.248.0:nfsserver.subdo
main.domain:enccw0.0.09a0:none rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYTABLE=us
259

18. IBM System z

IBM System z
. .
,
:
, .
, , .
895 ( ).

, .
LPAR,
.
(, ro ) (,
vncpasswo rd = test vnc).
18.1.
. g eneri c. prm
i mag es/ D VD .
ro
(RAM- ) .
ramdisk_size=
RAM- ,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. : ramd i sk_si ze= 4 0 0 0 0 .
ci o _i g no re= al l ,! co nd ev g eneri c. prm

.
ci o _i g no re
, cio_ignore=
.
18.2. z /VM
z/VM. CMS

D ASD , FCP (. 18.3, ).
= .
260
1 8 . IBM Syst em z
CMS ,
CMSDASD CMSCONFFILE .
CMSDASD=
, CMS,
( A).
: CMSDASD=191
CMSCONFFILE=_

Linux: . .
, R ED HAT C O NF red hat. co nf.

1 8 ,
CMS.
: CMSCONFFILE=redhat.conf
18.3.
,
. ,
CMS. .
NETTYPE=''
q eth, l cs ctc.
q eth.
l cs :
OSA-2 Ethernet/Token Ring;
OSA-Express Fast Ethernet (-QD IO);
OSA-Express High Speed Token Ring (-QD IO);
Gigabit Ethernet (-QD IO).
q eth :
OSA-Express Fast Ethernet;
Gigabit Ethernet ( 1000Base-T);
High Speed Token Ring;
HiperSockets;
ATM ( Ethernet LAN).
SUBCHANNELS='ID_'
ID_ , .
261

qeth:
SUBCHANNELS='ID___,ID___,
ID___'
lcs ctc:
SUBCHANNELS='ID___,ID___'
SUBCHANNELS='0.0.f5f0,0.0.f5f1,0.0.f5f2'
PORTNAME='_osa' , PORTNAME='_lcs'
OSA.
qdio (NET T Y P E= ' q eth' ) _osa ,

OSA, qeth.
NET T Y P E= ' l cs' _lcs

0 15.
PORTNO=''
CMS P O R T NO = ' 0 '

P O R T NO = ' 1' ,
.
LAYER2=''
0 1.
OSA HiperSockets qeth

(NET T Y P E= ' q eth' ) LAY ER 2= ' 0 ' . z/VM
GuestLAN VSWITCH.
,
MAC (, D HCP).
qeth OSA .
LAY ER 2= ' 0 ' .
VSWITCH=''
0 1.
VSWITCH GuestLAN z/VM

VSWIT C H= ' 1' , OSA HiperSockets VSWIT C H= ' 0 ' .
MACADDR=''
LAY ER 2= ' 1' VSWIT C H= ' 0 '

MAC. ,
, (
). z/VM,
.
LAY ER 2= ' 1' VSWIT C H= ' 1'

MACADDR, z/VM MAC
.
262
1 8 . IBM Syst em z
CTCPROT=''
: 0 , 1, 3.
CTC NET T Y P E= ' ctc' . 0 .
HOSTNAME=''
Linux.
IPADDR=''
IP- Linux.
NETMASK=''
(CID R,
classless interdomain routing) IPv4. , 24 255. 255. 255. 0
20 255. 255. 24 0 . 0 .
GATEWAY=''
IP- .
MTU='mtu'
mtu MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit).
DNS='1:2:_:N'
'1:2:_:N' D NS-,
. :
DNS='10.1.2.3:10.3.2.1'
SEARCHDNS='1:2:_:N'
'1:2:_:N' ,
. :
SEARCHDNS='subdomain.domain:domain'
DNS=, SEARCHDNS=.
DASD=
D ASD .
, ,
ro , d i ag , erpl o g , fai l fast.
, .
,
.
auto d etect.
D ASD ,
.
D ASD ( /d ev/d i sk/by-path/. . . ).
263

(pro beo nl y, no pav, no fcx) .
.
,
(. 15.11.1.1, D ASD ).
D ASD (. 17.1.3.2, D ASD
).
DASD='eb1c,0.0.a000-0.0.a003,eb10-eb14(diag),0.0.ab1c(ro:diag)'
FCP- D ASD D ASD = .
FCP_n='ID_ WWPN LUN'
n (
FC P _1 FC P _2), .
ID_ FCP (, fc00

0 . 0 . fc0 0 ).
WWPN (World Wide Port Name) ,

( )
16- . :
0 x50 0 50 76 30 50 b0 73d .
LUN . 16
, . :
0 x4 0 20 4 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .
FCP LUN SCSI- .

LUN . :
FCP_1='0.0.fc00 0x50050763050b073d 0x4020400100000000'
FC P _1, FC P _2 ..
FCP.
,
( FCP_n).
18.4 .

CMS.
inst.ks=URL
, .
23.2.5,
264
1 8 . IBM Syst em z
23.2.5,
.
RUNKS=
1, Linux
SSH.
,
inst.cmdline ( 3270 z/VM
LPAR). R UNKS= 1 -
.
.
R UNKS= 0 .
inst.cmdline
(3270 z/VM
LPAR) , Escape- .
,
.
RUNKS inst.cmdline, ,
(. 23, -).
18.5.

CMS.
rd.live.check
.
inst.repo= D VD .
nompath
proxy=[://][[:]@][:]
- HTTP, HTTPS FTP.
inst.rescue
RAM- .
inst.stage2=URL
i nstal l . i mg .
i nstal l . i mg . , An aco n d a
.
inst.stage2 , i nstal l . i mg ,
An aco n d a inst.repo= method=.
inst.stage2= , inst.repo= method= ,

An aco n d a , .
inst.syslog=IP___[:]
265

syslog.
. 20,
.
18.6.
g eneri c. prm .
g eneri c. prm:
ro ramdisk_size=40000 cio_ignore=all,!condev
CMSDASD='191' CMSCONFFILE='redhat.conf'
vnc
inst.repo=http://example.com///
g eneri c. prm CMSCONFFILE red hat. co nf,

QETH. red hat. co nf:
NETTYPE='qeth'
SUBCHANNELS='0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602'
PORTNAME='FOOBAR'
PORTNO='0'
LAYER2='1'
MACADDR='02:00:be:3a:01:f3'
HOSTNAME='foobar.systemz.example.com'
IPADDR='192.168.17.115'
NETMASK='255.255.255.0'
GATEWAY='192.168.17.254'
DNS='192.168.17.1'
SEARCHDNS='systemz.example.com:example.com'
DASD='200-203'
266
1 9 .
19.
19.1. IBM Syst em z
Linux System z
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/documentation_red_hat.html. :
Linux System z. SCSI FCP System z9 zSeries. IBM . 2008. SC33-8413.
Linux System z. PAV. IBM . 2008. SC33-8414.
z/VM. Linux System z. IBM . 2009. SC24-6194.
19.2. IBM Redbooks Syst em z

http://www.redbooks.ibm.com//
: z/VM. IBM Redbooks . 2007. SG24-7316.
Linux System z. IBM Redbooks . 2009. SG24-7727.
Linux IBM System z. . IBM Redbooks . 2011. SG24-

6926.
Linux System z Linux-HA 2. IBM Redbooks . 2009.

SG24-7711.
Linux System z. IBM Redbooks . 2013. SG24-7728.
IBM System z. IBM Redbooks . 2013. SG24-5444.
267

OSA Express. IBM Redbooks . 2009. SG24-5948.
HiperSockets. IBM Redbooks . 2007. SG24-6816.
FCP Linux z/VM IBM System z. IBM Redbooks . 2007. SG24-7266.
19.3. -
z/VM: http://www.vm.ibm.com/library/. .
System z:
http://www.ibm.com/systems/z/hardware/connectivity/index.html. .
System z:
http://www.ibm.com/security/cryptocards/. .
268
IV.
IV.

:
PXE- ;
VNC;
, ;
269

20.
, .
(. 20.1,
) .
= , i nst. vncpasswo rd = .
, rd . l i ve. check
. ,
.
20.1.
AMD 64 Intel 64 (. 5.2, ),

IBM Power Systems (. 10.1, ),
IBM System z (. 18, IBM System z).
,
.
bo o t: , , Esc .
( l i nux).
T ab . , Enter.
bo o t: ,
.
> AMD 64 Intel 64 BIOS

T ab. bo o t: ,
. , ,
.
, Enter. ,
Esc.
AMD 64 Intel 64 UEFI

G R U B 2.
. , F10 C trl +X.
d racu t
d racut. cmd l i ne(7).
270
2 0 .
, , i nst.
, reso l uti o n= 10 24 x76 8
i nst. reso l uti o n= 10 24 x76 8,
.
i nst. repo =
,
, :
i nst. repo = cd ro m
,
. treei nfo ;
D VD ;
ISO- D VD .
(. ).
20.1.

CD /D VD i nst. repo = cd ro m
i nst. repo = cd ro m:
CD /D VD
i nst. repo = hd : : /
HTTP- i nst. repo = http: ///
HTTPS- i nst. repo = https: ///
FTP- i nst. repo = ftp: //: @ /
NFS- i nst. repo = nfs: [: ]: / [a]
[a] NFS 3. ,
+ nfsvers= X .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ISO-

NFS-
nfsi so nfs. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
, nfsi so .
271

/d ev/sd a1 sd b2;
LABEL= Fl ash LABEL= R HEL7;
UUID , UUID = 8176 c7bf-0 4 ff-4 0 3a-a832-9 557f9 4 e6 1d b.
- \xNN, NN
. , \x20 .
i nst. stag e2=
. inst.repo (.
).
, .
i nst. d d =

. .
i nst. d d = cd ro m, , :
i nst. d d = /d ev/sd b1
( i nst. d d ),
.
4, AMD64 Intel 64 9,
IBM Power Systems
.
i nst. ks=
. i nst. repo (.
).
, ,
/ks. cfg . , , ,
:
i nst. ks= nfs: : /
IP- D HCP- next-server,

/ki ckstart/ D HCP- fi l ename.
/, IP-ki ckstart (. ).
20.2.
D H C P-

19 2. 16 8. 122 19 2. 16 8. 122 19 2. 16 8. 122. 1:/ki ckstart/19 2. 16 8. 122. 10
.1 . 10 0 0 -ki ckstart
272
2 0 .
i nst. ks. send mac
HT T P MAC-
, :
X-R HN-P ro vi si o ni ng -MAC -0 : eth0 0 1: 23: 4 5: 6 7: 89 : ab
i nst. ks= http.
i nst. ks. send sn
HT T P .
/sys/cl ass/d mi /i d /pro d uct_seri al . :
X-System-Seri al -Number: R8VA23D
co nso l e=
i nst. text . :
co nso l e= ttyS0 .
,
,
. , co nso l e= ttyS0
co nso l e= ttyS1 ttyS1.
no shel l
root C trl +Al t+F2.

, .
i nst. l ang =
l ang (.
23.3.2, ). system-config-
language, /usr/share/system-co nfi g -
l ang uag e/l o cal e-l i st.
i nst. g eo l o c=
i nst. g eo l o c= .
20.3. in st .g eo lo c
i nst. g eo l o c= 0

Fedora GeoIP API i nst. g eo l o c= pro vi d er_fed o ra_g eo i p
Hostip.info GeoIP API i nst. g eo l o c= pro vi d er_ho sti p
, An aco n d a
pro vi d er_fed o ra_g eo i p.
273

i nst. keymap=
keybo ard (.
23.3.2, ).
i nst. text
.
.
, VNC (.
).
i nst. cmd l i ne
.
,
.
i nst. g raphi cal
. .
i nst. reso l uti o n=
XxY, X
, Y . 6 4 0 x4 80 .
i nst. head l ess
, ,
.
i nst. xd ri ver=
X.
i nst. usefbx
X .
i nst. xd ri ver= fbd ev.
, .
/etc/mo d pro be. d /.
mo d pro be. bl ackl i st= ahci ,fi rewi re_o hci
i nst. sshd
SSH
. SSH
ssh(1) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
274
2 0 .
ro o t .
, sshpw (. 23.3.2,
).
d racu t .

d racut. cmd l i ne(7) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
i p=
.
. bo o td ev
.
20.4,
.
20.4 .

i p=

i p= :

i p= ip: : : _: : : no ne

i p= ip: : : _: : :
: mtu

[a]
[a] ,
, d hcp ,
(IP- , , ..) .
, .
20.5.

D HCP d hcp
IPv6 D HCP d hcp6
IPv6 auto 6
iBFT (iSCSI Boot Firmware Table) i bft
275

i p , ,
( i nst. ks= http: //: /),
i p= d hcp.
ip , , IP-
. IP v6 . :
[20 0 1: D B8: : 1].
.
IPv6.
_ (, 255. 255. 255. 0 )

(, 6 4 ).
nameserver=
. .
bo o td ev=
. , i p
.
i fname=
MAC- .
. : i fname= : MAC
i fname= eth0 : 0 1: 23: 4 5: 6 7: 89 : ab
i nst. d hcpcl ass=
D HCP. anaco nd a-$(uname -srm).

d hcpd vend o r-cl ass-i d enti fi er.
vl an=
VLAN . :
vl an= : . :
vl an= vl an5: em1
em1 vl an5.
20.6 . VLAN

VLAN_PLUS_VID vl an0 0 0 5
VLAN_PLUS_VID _NO_PAD vl an5
D EV_PLUS_VID em1. 0 0 0 5.
D EV_PLUS_VID _NO_PAD em1. 5.
276
2 0 .
bo nd =
. : bo nd = [: ]
[: ]. Ethernet-
. :
bo nd = bo nd 0 : em1,em2: mo d e= acti ve-

backup,tx_q ueues= 32,d o wnd el ay= 50 0 0
, mo d i nfo bo nd i ng .
,
bo nd = bo nd 0 : eth0 ,eth1: mo d e= bal ance-rr.
team=
. : team= : .
Ethernet- . :
team= team0 : em1,em2
i nst. mul ti l i b
32- 64- x86.
AMD 64 Intel 64 ,
(, x86 _6 4 )
(no arch). i nst. mul ti l i b 32-
(i 6 86 ).
%packag es.
, .
, , foo, bar,
foo bar.
i nst. g pt
GPT (GUID Partition Table) MBR

(Master Boot Record).
BIOS UEFI, BIOS,

MBR ,
2 . i nst. g pt ,
GPT.
UEFI.
(. 22,
VNC).
277

i nst. vnc
VNC .
VNC.
.
, VNC,
.
i nst. vncpasswo rd =
VNC ( 6 8 ). :
i nst. vncpasswo rd = testpwd.
VNC 6 8 .
.
i nst. vncco nnect=
VNC . :
i nst. vncco nnect= : , VNC,
( 59 0 0 ).
i nst. upd ates=
upd ates. i mg . ,
, upd ates. i mg .
i nst. repo (. 20.1, ).
i nst. l o g l evel =
, .
,
.
: d ebug , i nfo , warni ng , erro r,

cri ti cal . i nfo ,
i nfo cri ti cal .
i nst. sysl o g =
syslog
278
2 0 .
syslog
( ). ,
syslog .
i nst. vi rti o l o g =
vi rti o ( /d ev/vi rti o -po rts/)

.
o rg . fed o rapro ject. anaco nd a. l o g . 0 .
20.1.1.
,
. ,
.
, , i nst. , ,
vnc= i nst. vnc= .
metho d =
inst.repo=.
repo = nfsi so : : /
.
,
i nst. repo = nfs: : /.
d ns=
D NS- nameserver= .
netmask= , g ateway= , ho stname= , i p= , i pv6 =
i p= .
ksd evi ce=
.
(. ).
20.7.

i p= BO O T IF,
d hcp.
279

ksd evi ce= l i nk ,
initramfs.
d racu t
rd . need net.
ksd evi ce= bo o ti f ( BOOTID =).
ksd evi ce= i bft d racu t i p= i bft.
ksd evi ce= MAC BO O T IF= MAC.
ksd evi ce= d racu t
i p= .
,
, .
( pre post) , .
Bugzilla (. BZ #1085310).
, ksd evi ce= l i nk

--d evi ce= l i nk netwo rk .
bl ackl i st=

no fi rewi re=
FireWire (, fi rewi re_o hci )

mo d pro be. bl ackl i st= fi rewi re_o hci
askmetho d , asknetwo rk
, i ni tramfs .
i nst. repo = ,
i p= .
seri al
An aco n d a /d ev/ttyS0 .
co nso l e= /d ev/ttyS0 .
upd ates=
i nst. upd ates= .
280
2 0 .
essi d = , wepkey= , wpakey=
d racu t ,
.
ethto o l =
i p.
gdb
. rd . d ebug .
med i acheck
rd . l i ve. check.
ks= fl o ppy
d i spl ay=
i nst. vnc.
utf8
UTF8 .
no i pv6
IPv6 . IPv6
, .
d racu t i pv6 . d i sabl e.
upg rad eany
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (. 25,

).
vl ani d =
Virtual LAN (802.1q tag).

d racu t vl an= .
20.2.
20.2.1.
.
.
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux,
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Memt est 86 + .

, > .
Memt est 86 + ,
. ,
281

c.
.
Memt est 86 + UEFI

BIOS.
20.1. Memt est 86 +
: , ,
.
Memt est 86 + .
: ,
.
: ,
, ,
. :
, , , ..
** P ass co mpl ete, no erro rs, press Esc to exi t **
,
, ..
282
2 0 .
10
, .
,
.
Memt est 86 +
. ,
7 2 D D R2 20 .
Esc .
Memt est 86 + R EAD ME

/usr/share/d o c/memtest86 + -/ http://www.memtest.org/.
20.2.2.

D VD , ISO-.
,
rd . l i ve. check.
R ed H at En t erp rise Lin u x 7.0, .
20.2.3.
Linux
. .
USB-,
i nst. rescue ,
R ed H at En t erp rise Lin u x.
,
. .

/mnt/sysi mag e/.
28, .
283

21.
. PXE (Preboot Execution Environment)
, ,
.

.
PXE.
1. (NFS, HT T P S, HT T P , FT P ),
(. 2.3.3, ).
2. t f t p D HC P , PXE
tftp (. 21.1, PXE-).
3. , Red Hat Enterprise Linux,

(. 21.2, ).
PXE Red Hat

Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat
Enterprise Linux .
21.1. PXE-
PXE,
, Red Hat
Enterprise Linux. D HC P
.
PXE
(BIOS UEFI).
.
IBM Power Systems (. 21.1.3,

PXE- IBM Power Systems).
IBM System z PXE-.
22.4, PXE-
.
21.1.1. PXE- BIOS
284
2 1 .
PXE-
AMD 64 Intel 64 BIOS, 21.1.2, PXE- UEFI
UEFI.
21.1. PXE- B IO S
1. tftp ro o t:
# yum i nstal l tftp-server
2. /etc/xi net. d /tftp disabled no .
3. D HC P - , ,
SYSLINUX. D HCP-
/etc/d hcp/d hcpd . co nf:
option space pxelinux;

option pxelinux.magic code 208 = string;
option pxelinux.configfile code 209 = text;
option pxelinux.pathprefix code 210 = text;
option pxelinux.reboottime code 211 = unsigned integer 32;
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 10.0.0.254;
range 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.253;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) =
"PXEClient";
next-server 10.0.0.1;
if option arch = 00:07 {

filename "uefi/shim.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux/pxelinux.0";
}
}
host example-ia32 {
hardware ethernet XX:YY:ZZ:11:22:33;
fixed-address 10.0.0.2;
}
}
4. pxel i nux. 0 SYSLINUX,

ISO-. root :
# mo unt -t i so 9 6 6 0 //. i so /_ -o
l o o p,ro
# cp -pr /_/P ackag es/sysl i nux--

. rpm /_
285

# umo unt /_
# rpm2cpi o sysl i nux--. rpm | cpi o -d i mv
5. tftpbo o t/ pxel i nux/ pxel i nux. 0 :
# mkd i r /var/l i b/tftpbo o t/pxel i nux
# cp _/usr/share/sysl i nux/pxel i nux. 0

/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/pxel i nux
6. pxel i nux/.
d efaul t IP- . ,
10.0.0.1 0 A0 0 0 0 0 1.
/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/pxel i nux/d efaul t:
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 1
timeout 600
display boot.msg
label linux
menu label Înstall system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ip=dhcp
inst.repo=http://10.32.5.1/mnt/archive/RHEL-7/7.x/Server/x86_64/os/
label vesa
menu label Install system with ^basic video driver
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.xdriver=vesa nomodeset
label rescue
menu label ^Rescue installed system
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
286
2 1 .
:
i nst. repo = ( An aco n d a).
(. 20.1,
).
ro o t= ( d racu t ).
i ni trd . i mg ,
,
( ).
7. tftp/:
# cp //x86 _6 4 /o s/i mag es/pxebo o t/{vml i nuz,i ni trd . i mg }

/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/pxel i nux/
8. tftp xi netd systemctl .
# systemctl enabl e xi netd . servi ce tftp. servi ce
# systemctl start xi netd . servi ce tftp. servi ce
PXE . ,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, PXE.
21.1.2. PXE- UEFI
PXE-
AMD 64 Intel 64 UEFI. 21.1.1, PXE- BIOS
BIOS.
21.2. PXE- U EFI
1. tftp ro o t:
3. D HC P - , EFI,
shim. D HCP-
option space PXE;

option PXE.mtftp-ip code 1 = ip-address;
option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;
287

option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;

option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;
option arch code 93 = unsigned integer 16; # RFC4578
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 10.0.0.254;
range 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.253;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) =
"PXEClient";
if option arch = 00:07 {

filename "uefi/shim.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux/pxelinux.0";
}
}
host example-ia32 {
hardware ethernet XX:YY:ZZ:11:22:33;
}
}
4. shi m. efi ( shim) g rubx6 4 . efi (

grub2-efi). ISO-. root :
# mo unt -t i so 9 6 6 0 //. i so /_ -o
l o o p,ro
# cp -pr /mount_point/P ackag es/shi m--. rpm

/_
# cp -pr /_/P ackag es/g rub2-efi --

. rpm /_
# umo unt /_
# rpm2cpi o shi m--. rpm | cpi o -d i mv
# rpm2cpi o g rub2-efi --. rpm | cpi o -d i mv
5. tftpbo o t/ uefi / :
# mkd i r /var/l i b/tftpbo o t/uefi
288
2 1 .
# cp _/bo o t/efi /EFI/red hat/shi m. efi

/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/uefi /
# cp _/bo o t/efi /EFI/red hat/g rubx6 4 . efi

6. uefi / g rub. cfg .

/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/uefi /g rub. cfg :
set timeout=1
menuentry 'RHEL' {
linuxefi uefi/vmlinuz ip=dhcp
initrdefi uefi/initrd.img
}
:
(. 20.1,
).
i ni trd . i mg ,
,
( ).
7. uefi /:
# cp ///x86 _6 4 /o s/i mag es/pxebo o t/{vml i nuz,i ni trd . i mg }

PXE . ,
21.1.3. PXE- IBM Power Syst ems
PXE- IBM Power Systems.
21.3. PXE- IB M Po wer Syst ems
289

1. tftp ro o t:
3. D HC P - , ,
yab o o t . D HCP-
host bonn {
filename "yaboot";
hardware ethernet 00:0e:91:51:6a:26;
}
4. yabo o t .
, ro o t :
# mkd i r / _ /yabo o t-unpack
# mo unt -t i so 9 6 6 0 //. i so /_ -o
l o o p,ro
# cp -pr /_/P ackag es/yabo o t-. ppc. rpm

/_/yabo o t-unpack
# cd /_/yabo o t-unpack
# rpm2cpi o yabo o t-. ppc. rpm | cpi o -d i mv
5. tftpbo o t/ yabo o t yabo o t:
# mkd i r /var/l i b/tftpbo o t/yabo o t
# cp _/yabo o t-unpack/usr/l i b/yabo o t/yabo o t

/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/yabo o t
6. yabo o t. co nf . :
init-message = "\nWelcome to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

installer!\n\n"
timeout=60
default=rhel7
image=/rhel7/vmlinuz-RHEL7
label=linux
alias=rhel7
290
2 1 .
initrd=/rhel7/initrd-RHEL7.img
append="ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://10.32.5.1/mnt/archive/RHEL-
7/7.0/ppc64/os/"
read-only
:
(. 20.1,
).
i ni trd . i mg ,
,
( ).
7. tftp/:
# cp / _ /i mag es/ppc/ppc6 4 /vml i nuz

/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/yabo o t/rhel 7/vml i nuz-R HEL7
# cp / _ /i mag es/ppc/ppc6 4 /i ni trd . i mg

/var/l i b/tftpbo o t/yabo o t/rhel 7/i ni trd -R HEL7. i mg
8. yabo o t-unpack/ :
# rm -rf /_/yabo o t-unpack
# umo unt /_
PXE . ,
21.2.
, .
.
291

PXE
:
5.1.2, PXE;
10.3, yaboot.
292
2 2 . VNC
22. VNC
. ,
IBM Power Systems IBM System z
. VNC
.
An aco n d a VNC (Virtual Network Computing),

.
, VNC
- VNC.
22.1. VNC
- VNC.
Linux,
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux VNC:
T ig erVN C ( tigervnc)
.
Vin ag re ( vinagre) G N O ME.
K R D C ( kdenetwork-krdc) K D E.
, ro o t :
# yum i nstal l
, tigervnc
T ig erVN C .

.
22.2. VNC
An aco n d a VNC- .
. ,
VNC , ,
VNC.
.
293

An aco n d a .
(IP- )
,
.
VNC ,
. An aco n d a
.
, , ,
.
, .
,
,
. ,
.
VNC
, .
VNC ,
:
AMD 64 Intel 64 (. 5.2, ),

IBM Power Systems (. 10.1, ),
IBM System z (. 18, IBM System z).
22.2.1. VNC
VNC . An aco n d a ,
.
22.1. VN C
1. VNC (, T ig erVN C ). ,
(. 22.1, TigerVNC).
294
2 2 . VNC
22.1. T ig erVN C
2. ,
T ab . i nst. vnc .
i nst. vncpasswo rd =
VNC. 6 8 .
root
i nst. vncpasswo rd = .
295

22.2. AMD 6 4
In t el 6 4
3. Enter, . ,
, :
13: 14 : 4 7 P l ease manual l y co nnect yo ur VNC vi ewer to

19 2. 16 8. 10 0 . 131: 1 to beg i n the i nstal l .
(19 2. 16 8. 10 0 . 131: 1).
4. VNC IP-
, .
.
, . O K.
.
.
6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux AMD64 Intel 64,
11, Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM Power Systems,
15, Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM System z.
22.2.2. VNC
296
2 2 . VNC

VNC. ,
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.
22.2. VN C
1. VNC . , T ig erVN C
$ vncvi ewer -l i sten
22.1. T ig erVN C
TigerVNC Viewer 64-bit v1.3.0 (20130924)

Built on Sep 24 2013 at 16:32:56
Copyright (C) 1999-2011 TigerVNC Team and many others (see
README.txt)
See http://www.tigervnc.org for information on TigerVNC.
Thu Feb 20 15:23:54 2014

main: Listening on port 5901
, VNC .
2. ,
T ab . :
i nst. vnc i nst. vncco nnect= :
IP- VNC,
.
3. Enter, . An aco n d a
.
.
.
6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux AMD64 Intel 64,
11, Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM Power Systems,
15, Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM System z.
22.3. VNC
297

VNC (. 23.3.2,
).
22.4 .
, ,
VNC (. 23.3.2,
). VNC-.
1. PXE (. 21, ).
2. VNC PXE (.
22.2.2, VNC ).
3. VNC (. 22.2,
VNC ), PXE (. 21.2,
).
298
2 3. -
23. -
23.1. - ?
,
, . ,
.

. Red Hat
Enterprise Linux ,
.
/tmp.

.
(. 25, ).
23.2.
, D VD
NFS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS.
1. .
2. .
3. , .
4. .
5. .
23.2.1.
,
, (. 23.3,
). ,
ASCII Windows, G ed it vim Linux.
,
. anaco nd a-ks. cfg
/ro o t/.
299


system-config-kickstart.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, ,
.
.
. :
(. 23.3.2, ).
.
%packag es (. 23.3.3, ).
%pre %po st,

(. 23.3.4, % pre, 23.3.5, % post).
%packag es, %po st %pre %end .

.
, , .
, ,
.
(
).
, #, .
23.2.2.
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ksvalid at o r pykickstart.
:
# yum i nstal l pyki ckstart
, :
$ ksval i d ato r //kickstart.ks
//kickstart.ks .
ksval i d ato r(1).
300
2 3. -
.
, ksvalid at o r
, .
, %pre, %po st %packag es .
23.2.3.
(D VD , USB);

, . PXE-
, ,
.
,
(. 2.3, ).
23.2.4 .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux D VD

, Red Hat Enterprise Linux D VD .
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux D VD - (.

2.3.1, D VD ).
ISO- Red Hat

Enterprise Linux (. 2.3.2,
).
(NFS, FTP, HTTP)

D VD (. 2.3.3, ).
23.2.5.
- i nst. ks= (. 20,

).
AMD 64, Intel 64 IBM Power Systems PXE- (. 21,

).
.
.
,
, PXE-.
.
2 3.2 .5 .1 .
301

,
( bo o t: ).
23.1. -
1. (CD , D VD , USB).
5, AMD64 Intel 64 AMD 64

Intel 64.
10, IBM Power Systems IBM

Power Systems.
14, IBM System z IBM System z.
2. i nst. ks=
. ,
i p= .
i nst. repo = .
20, .
3. .
,
- .
2 3.2 .5 .2 .
PXE-.

.
PXE- IBM System z.
23.2.
1. PXE-
i nst. ks= .
AMD 64 Intel 64 BIOS d efaul t ,

IP- . i nst. ks= append :
append initrd=initrd.img
inst.ks=http://10.32.5.1/mnt/archive/RHEL-
7/7.x/Server/x86_64/kickstarts/ks.cfg
AMD 64 Intel 64 UEFI i nst. ks=

kernel g rub. cfg :
kernel vmlinuz inst.ks=http://10.32.5.1/mnt/archive/RHEL-

7/7.x/Server/x86_64/kickstarts/ks.cfg
302
2 3. -
IBM Power Systems yabo o t. co nf.
append="inst.ks=http://10.32.5.1/mnt/archive/RHEL-
7/7.x/Server/x86_64/kickstarts/ks.cfg"
2. PXE.
5.1.2, PXE AMD 64

Intel 64.
10.3, yaboot IBM

Power Systems.
,
- .
23.3.
23.3.1.

6, . ksverd i ff
, .
$ ksverd i ff -f R HEL6 -t R HEL7
-f , -t , .
ksverd i ff(1).
23.3.2.
, .
([ ])
.
303

,
,
/d ev/d i sk. ,
part / --fstype= xfs --o npart= sd a1
part / --fstype= xfs --o npart= /d ev/d i sk/by-path/pci -0 0 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 5. 0 -

scsi -0 : 0 : 0 : 0 -part1
part / --fstype= xfs --o npart= /d ev/d i sk/by-i d /ata-
ST 316 0 815AS_6 R A0 C 882-part1
,
.
auth authco nfi g ( )
.
authco nfi g , .
authco nfi g (8) authco nfi g
--hel p. shadow.
--enabl eni s NIS. --enabl eni s

,
--ni sd o mai n= .
--ni sd o mai n= NIS.
--ni sserver= , NIS.
--useshad o w --enabl eshad o w .
--enabl el d ap LD AP /etc/nsswi tch. co nf,

(UID , ,
..) LD AP. ,
nss-pam-ldapd, (D N,
D istinguished Name) --l d apserver= --l d apbased n= .
--enabl el d apauth LD AP
pam_l d ap,
. nss-pam-ldapd.
D N --l d apserver= --
l d apbased n= . TLS (Transport Layer Security) ,
--d i sabl el d aptl s.
--l d apserver= --enabl el d ap --enabl el d apauth,

--l d apserver= /etc/l d ap. co nf
LD AP-.
--l d apbased n= --enabl el d ap --enabl el d apauth,

LD AP,
, /etc/l d ap. co nf.
304
2 3. -
--enabl el d aptl s TLS,

LD AP
.
--d i sabl el d aptl s TSL ,

LD AP.
--enabl ekrb5 Kerberos 5. Kerberos

, UID
. Kerberos
, LD AP, NIS, Hesiod
userad d . pam_krb5.
--krb5real m= Kerberos 5, .
--krb5kd c= KD C, .
.
--krb5ad mi nserver= KD C, kadmind.

.
KD C.
--enabl ehesi o d Hesiod ,

UID .
Hesiod /usr/share/d o c/g l i bc-
2. x. x/R EAD ME. hesi o d , glibc. Hesiod D NS,
D NS ,
.
--hesi o d l hs --hesi o d rhs Hesi o d LHS (left-hand side) RHS

(right-hand side) /etc/hesi o d . co nf. Hesi o d
D NS- , LD AP D N-.
, ji m, Hesiod
ji m. passwd LHSRHS,
passwd , ji m: *: 50 1: 50 1: Jung l e
Ji m: /ho me/ji m: /bi n/bash. :
ji m. g ro upLHSRHS.
,
CNAME 50 1. ui d ji m. passwd 50 1. g i d
ji m. g ro up. LHS RHS,
--hesi o d l hs --hesi o d rhs .
--enabl esmbauth SMB (Samba,

Windows). SMB , UID
. SMB
, LD AP, NIS, Hesiod
userad d .
--smbservers= SMB.
.
--smbwo rkg ro up= SMB.
--enabl ecache nscd ,

NIS,
LD AP Hesi o d .
305

--passal g o = sha256 sha512.
auto part ( )
/ ( 1 ), swap /bo o t.
( 50 ) /ho me.
auto part
part/parti ti o n, rai d , l o g vo l , vo l g ro up .
--type= . :
l vm;
btrfs;
pl ai n: ( LVM Btrfs);
thi np: LVM.
6.10.4.1.1, .
--no l vm LVM Btrfs .

--type= pl ai n.
--encrypted .
.
--passphrase= .
--escro wcert= URL X.509,

/ro o t. .
--encrypted .
--backuppassphrase
. /ro o t
X.509. --escro wcert.
--ci pher= , ,
aes-xts-pl ai n6 4 .
--encrypted .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, Red Hat
aes-xts-pl ai n6 4 aes-cbc-essi v: sha256 .
auto step ( l)
- .
.
,
.
--auto screensho t
/tmp/anaco nd a-screensho ts.
.
bo o tl o ad er ( )
306
2 3. -
Red Hat .
,
.
AMD 64 Intel 64
. MBR (Master
Boot Record) GPT (GUID Partition Table). 6.10.1,
.
--append = , :
bo o tl o ad er --l o cati o n= mbr --append = "hd d = i d e-scsi i d e= no d ma"
rhg b q ui et ,
, --append = .
--bo o t-d ri ve= , ,

.
--bo o t-d ri ve= IBM System z z ip l,

z ip l .
--l eavebo o tl o ad er
ISeries/PSeries EFI.
--d ri veo rd er BIOS, :
bo o tl o ad er --d ri veo rd er= sd a,hd a
--l o cati o n= . :
mbr ( ). MBR
GPT.
GPT 1.5 BIOS.
MBR 1.5
MBR .
parti ti o n ,
.
307

no ne .
--passwo rd = G R U B 2.
G R U B 2
.
, .
ro o t.
--i scrypted ,
--passwo rd = .
.
g rub2-mkpasswd -pbkd f2.

, g rub. pbkd f2,
. :
bo o tl o ad er --i scrypted --
passwo rd = g rub. pbkd f2. sha512. 10 0 0 0 . 5520 C 6 C 9 832F3AC 3D 14 9 AC 0 B24
BE6 9 E2D 4 FB0 D BEED BD 29 C A1D 30 A0 4 4 D E26 4 5C 4 C 7A29 1E585D 4 D C 4 3F8A4 D
824 79 F8B9 5C A4 BA4 381F8550 510 B75E8E0 BB29 389 9 0 . C 6 88B6 F0 EF9 3570 1
FF9 BD 1A8EC 7FE5BD 233379 9 C 9 8F284 20 C 5C C 8F1A2A233D E22C 8370 5BB6 14 E
A17F3FD FD F4 AC 216 1C EA3384 E56 EB38A2E39 10 2F5334 C 4 74 0 5E
--ti meo ut= ,

--d efaul t= .
--d efaul t= ,
.
--extl i nux ext lin u x G R U B 2.

ext lin u x.
btrfs ( )
Btrfs:
btrfs _ --d ata= --metad ata= --

l abel =
(. 23.1,
Btrfs).
btrfs _ --subvo l --name=

, _ ,
.
--d ata= ( ) RAID , 0 , 1, 10 .

.
--metad ata= ( ) RAID ,

. .
308
2 3. -
--l abel = Btrfs. ,

. .
--no fo rmat --useexi sti ng Btrfs

.
Btrfs .
/ /ho me.
.
23.1. B t rf s
part btrfs. 0 1 --si ze= 6 0 0 0 --o nd i sk= sd a

part btrfs. 0 2 --si ze= 6 0 0 0 --o nd i sk= sd b
part btrfs. 0 3 --si ze= 6 0 0 0 --o nd i sk= sd c
btrfs no ne --d ata= 0 --metad ata= 1 --l abel = rhel 7 btrfs. 0 1

btrfs. 0 2 btrfs. 0 3
btrfs / --subvo l --name= ro o t LABEL= rhel 7
btrfs /ho me --subvo l --name= ho me rhel 7
cl earpart ( )
, .
.
cl earpart part --o npart

.
23.4.1,
cl earpart.
--al l .
--d ri ves= :
cl earpart --d ri ves= hd a,hd b --al l
, d i sk/by-
i d /scsi -WWID. ,
24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17 :
cl earpart --d ri ves= d i sk/by-i d /scsi -

580 9 5BEC 5510 9 4 7BE8C 0 36 0 F6 0 4 3519 18
, LVM,
d i sk/by-i d /d m-uui d -mpath-WWID. ,
24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17
:
309

cl earpart --d ri ves= d i sk/by-i d /d m-uui d -mpath-

24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17
mpatha,
, .
, cl earpart .
--l i st= .
. --al l --l i nux.
cl earpart --l i st= sd a2,sd a3,sd b1
--i ni tl abel ,
(, msd o s x86). --al l .
--l i nux Linux.
--no ne ( ) .
cmd l i ne ( )
.
. IBM System z x3270.
R UNKS= 1 i nst. ks= (. 18.4,
).
d evi ce ( )
PCI- Ethernet
SCSI. PCI
:
d evi ce --o pts=
--o pts= . :
d evi ce --o pts= "ai c152x= 0 x34 0 i o = 11"
d ri verd i sk ( )
-
. ,

d ri verd i sk.
d ri verd i sk [| --so urce= url| --bi o spart= _bios]
310
2 3. -
d ri verd i sk --so urce= ftp: ///d d . i mg

d ri verd i sk --so urce= http: ///d d . i mg
d ri verd i sk --so urce= nfs: ho st: //i mg
.
( sd b1), , /d ev/sd b1.
--so urce= . NFS:

nfs: : ///.
--bi o spart= BIOS, , 82p2.
eul a ( )
EULA (End User License

Agreement) .
(. 26.1, ).
--ag reed ( ) EULA.

eul a.
fco e ( )
FCoE,
ED D (Enhanced Disk Drive Services).
fco e --ni c= []
--ni c= ( ) .
--d cb= D CB (Data Center Bridging).
--auto vl an VLAN.
fi rewal l ( )
fi rewal l --enabl ed | --d i sabl ed []
--enabl ed , --enabl e ,
. ,
, .
--d i sabl ed , --d i sabl e iptables.
--trust= , .
, --trust em1 --trust
em2.
,
:
--ssh,
--smtp,
--http,
311

--ftp.
--po rt= :. ,
IMAP , i map: tcp.
, UD P
1234, 1234 : ud p. .
--servi ce= .
, cups avahi , ,

.
, f irewall- o f f lin e-
cmd . firewalld,
fi rewal l -cmd --g et-servi ces.
fi rstbo o t ( )

. initial-setup.
, , .
--enabl e, --enabl ed .
--d i sabl e, --d i sabl ed .
--reco nfi g
.
, , , root, ,
.
g ro up ( )
.
, .
, user.
g ro up --name= [--g i d = gid]
--name= .
--g i d = . ,
.
g raphi cal ( )
( ).
hal t ( )
.
.
hal t shutd o wn -h.
po wero ff,
rebo o t shutd o wn.
i g no red i sk ( )
312
2 3. -
. , ,
. ,
i g no red i sk SAN- ,
SAN .
i g no red i sk --d ri ves= 1,2,. . .
sd a, sd b,..., hd a ..
, LVM,
24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17 :
i g no red i sk --d ri ves= d i sk/by-i d /d m-uui d -mpath-

24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17
, LVM,
,
d m-uui d -mpath. ,
d i sk/by-i d /scsi -WWID, :
i g no red i sk --d ri ves= d i sk/by-i d /scsi -

580 9 5BEC 5510 9 4 7BE8C 0 36 0 F6 0 4 3519 18
mpatha,
, .
, cl earpart .
--o nl y-use .
. ,
sd a :
i g no red i sk --o nl y-use= sd a
, LVM:
i g no red i sk --o nl y-use= d i sk/by-i d /d m-uui d -mpath-

24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17
, LVM:
i g no red i sk --o nl y-use= d i sk/by-i d /scsi -

580 9 5BEC 5510 9 4 7BE8C 0 36 0 F6 0 4 3519 18
--i nteracti ve
.
i nstal l ( )
313

cd ro m, hard d ri ve, nfs,

l i vei mg url (FTP, HTTP, HTTPS).
i nstal l .
i nstal l
l i vei mg --url = fi l e: ///i mag es/i nstal l /sq uashfs. i mg --
no veri fyssl
cd ro m CD -ROM.
hard d ri ve ,
(ext2, ext3, ext4 , vfat, xfs).
--bi o spart= BIOS (, 82).
--parti ti o n= (, sd b2).
--d i r= D VD , ISO- , .
hard d ri ve --parti ti o n= hd b2 --d i r= /tmp/i nstal l -tree
l i vei mg ,
sq uashfs. i mg Live ISO. ,
, . : ext2, ext3,
ext4 , vfat xfs.
--url = . : HT T P , HT T P S, FT P
fi l e.
--pro xy= HT T P , HT T P S FT P .
--checksum= ( ) SHA256 .
--no veri fyssl SSL HT T P S.
l i vei mg --url = fi l e: ///i mag es/i nstal l /sq uashfs. i mg --

checksum= 0 3825f56 7f1770 510 0 d e330 8a20 354 b4 d 81ac9 d 8bed 4 bb4 6 9 2b
23810 4 5e56 19 7 --no veri fyssl
nfs NFS-.
--server= IP- ,

--d i r= .
--o pts= ( ) .
nfs --server= nfsserver. exampl e. co m --d i r= /tmp/i nstal l -tree
url FTP, HTTP, HTTPS.
314
2 3. -
--url = . : HT T P , HT T P S,
FT P , fi l e.
--mi rro rl i st= .
--pro xy= - HT T P , HT T P S FT P .
url --url http: ///
url --url ftp: //: @ /
i scsi ( )
i scsi --i pad d r= []
iSCSI- . i scsi ,
iSCSI i scsi name. i scsi
i scsi name.
i scsi ,
iSCSI- BIOS (
iBFT Intel). An aco n d a , BIOS,
.
i scsi ,
,
iSCSI- , cl earpart
i g no red i sk.
--i pad d r= ( ) .
--po rt= ( ) , --po rt= 326 0 .
--targ et= IQN- (iSCSI Qualified Name).
--i face= .
, ,
i scsi .
--user= .
--passwo rd = .
--reverse-user=
, CHAP.
--reverse-passwo rd = .
i scsi name ( )
iSCSI, iscsi.
i scsi name iscsi.
315

i scsi name iqn
keybo ard ( )
--vckeymap= VC o nso l e.
/usr/l i b/kbd /keymaps/*
. map. g z.
--xl ayo uts= X .

(, cz)
() (, cz (q werty)), setxkbmap(1).
xkeybo ard -
co nfi g (7), Layo uts.
--swi tch=
, setxkbmap(1).
.

xkeybo ard -co nfi g (7), O pti o ns.
( )
Al t+Shi ft:
keybo ard --xl ayo uts= us,' cz (q werty)' --

swi tch= g rp: al t_shi ft_to g g l e
--vckeymap= --xl ayo uts= .
l ang ( )
,
. :
l ang en_US
/usr/share/system-co nfi g -
l ang uag e/l o cal e-l i st, .
, , ,
, .
l ang , ,
.
--ad d suppo rt= .
l ang en_US --ad d suppo rt= cs_C Z,d e_D E,en_UK
l o g g i ng ( )
316
2 3. -
An aco n d a.
.
l o g g i ng [--ho st= ] [--po rt= ] [--

l evel = d ebug | i nfo | erro r| cri ti cal ]
--ho st= , .
, ,
syslogd.
--po rt= syslogd.
--l evel = tty3.

( d ebug ,
i nfo , warni ng , erro r, cri ti cal ).
l o g vo l ( )
LVM. :
l o g vo l _ --vg name= _ --si ze= --

name= []

/d ev/mapper/ .
vo l g rp-0 1 l o g vo l -0 1,
/d ev/mapper/vo l g rp--0 1-l o g vo l --0 1.
.
(. --no fo rmat) .
23.4.1, l o g vo l .
: / /ho me
swap
, -
-reco mmend ed :
swap --reco mmend ed
, .
317

, --
hi bernati o n:
swap --hi bernati o n
: = (--reco mmend ed ) +
( ).
6.10.4.5, (AMD 64 Intel 64),

11.10.4.5, (IBM Power Systems)
15.10.3.5, (IBM System z)

.
--no fo rmat .
--useexi sti ng
.
--fstype= : xfs, ext2, ext3, ext4 , swap vfat.
--fso pti o ns= ,

.
/etc/fstab.
--l abel = .
--g ro w
.
--si ze= .
--maxsi ze= .
, 50 0 .
--reco mmend ed . 6.10.4.5,

(AMD 64 Intel 64), 11.10.4.5,
(IBM Power Systems) 15.10.3.5,
(IBM System z)
.
--resi ze . -
-useexi sti ng --si ze.
--percent=
. --si ze --g ro w.
--encrypted
--passphrase= . ,
An aco n d a auto part --passphrase,
.
--passphrase= .
--encrypted .
--ci pher= , ,
318
2 3. -
aes-xts-pl ai n6 4 , An aco n d a,
. --encrypted
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, Red Hat aes-xts-pl ai n6 4
aes-cbc-essi v: sha256 .

/ro o t. .
--encrypted .
--backuppassphrase
. /ro o t
--thi npo o l .
no ne.
--metad atasi ze= ( ).
--chunksi ze=
( ).
--thi n . --
po o l name.
--po o l name= , .
--thi n.
, , :
part pv. 0 1 --si ze 30 0 0

vo l g ro up myvg pv. 0 1
l o g vo l / --vg name= myvg --si ze= 20 0 0 --name= ro o tvo l
, , , ,
90% :
part pv. 0 1 --si ze 1 --g ro w

vo l g ro up myvg pv. 0 1
l o g vo l / --vg name= myvg --si ze= 1 --name= ro o tvo l --g ro w --
percent= 9 0
med i acheck ( )
rd . l i ve. check
. ,
.
netwo rk ( )
.
.
--acti vate.
--acti vate .
,
.
319

--no d efro ute .
--bo o tpro to = : d hcp

( ), bo o tp, i bft, stati c.
D HCP D HCP-.
, BOOTP
BOOTP. D HCP,
:
netwo rk --bo o tpro to = d hcp
BOOTP,
:
netwo rk --bo o tpro to = bo o tp
iBFT, :
netwo rk --bo o tpro to = i bft
stati c IP, ,
.
.
netwo rk --bo o tpro to = stati c --i p= 10 . 0 . 2. 15 --

netmask= 255. 255. 255. 0 --g ateway= 10 . 0 . 2. 254 --
nameserver= 10 . 0 . 2. 1
, .
netwo rk --bo o tpro to = stati c --i p= 10 . 0 . 2. 15 --

netmask= 255. 255. 255. 0 --g ateway= 10 . 0 . 2. 254 --
nameserver= 19 2. 16 8. 2. 1,19 2. 16 8. 3. 1
--d evi ce= .
netwo rk --d evi ce= ,

ksd evi ce= .
,
--d evi ce= .
netwo rk --
d evi ce=
, eth0 ,
MAC- , 0 1: 23: 4 5: 6 7: 89 : ab,
l i nk,
up.
320
2 3. -
bo o ti f MAC
BOOTIF. p xelin u x BOOTIF,
IP AP P END 2 pxel i nux. cfg .
netwo rk --bo o tpro to = d hcp --d evi ce= em1
--i p= .
--i pv6 = IPv6- [/ ],

3ffe: ffff: 0 : 1: : 1/128 . ,
6 4 . auto
( ) d hcp (D HCPv6).
--g ateway= IPv4- .
--i pv6 g ateway= IPv6- .
--no d efro ute ,

.
--acti vate=
iSCSI.
--nameserver= IP- .
.
--no d ns D NS-.
--netmask= .
--ho stname= .
--ethto o l =
et h t o o l.
--essi d = .
--wepkey= WEP .
--wpakey= WPA .
--o nbo o t= .
--d hcpcl ass= D HCP.
--mtu= MTU .
--no i pv4 IPv4.
--no i pv6 IPv6.
--bo nd sl aves= ,
--d evi ce= :
netwo rk --d evi ce= mynetwo rk --bo nd sl aves= em1,em2
mynetwo rk em1 em2.
321

--bo nd o pts= .
:
netwo rk --bo nd o pts= mo d e= acti ve-backup,pri mary= em2

--bo nd o pts= mo d e= , bal ance-rr

bro ad cast, , 0 3.
--vl ani d = VLAN ( 802.1q) ,

--d evi ce. , , netwo rk --
d evi ce= em1 --vl ani d = 171 LAN em1. 171.
--i nterfacename= VLAN-,

--vl ani d = . :
netwo rk --d evi ce= em1 --vl ani d = 171 --i nterfacename= vl an171
vl an171 em1.
, my-vl an,
:
,
. ID, , ID
VLAN. : em1. 171, my-vl an. 171.
vl an,
vl anID, vl an171.
--teamsl aves= ,
--d evi ce= , .
,
, \. :
netwo rk --teamsl aves= "p3p1' {\"pri o \": -10 , \"sti cky\":

true}' ,p3p2' {\"pri o \": 10 0 }' "
--teamco nfi g = .
--teamco nfi g = JSON-

,
\. :
netwo rk --d evi ce team0 --acti vate --bo o tpro to stati c --

i p= 10 . 34 . 10 2. 222 --netmask= 255. 255. 255. 0 --
g ateway= 10 . 34 . 10 2. 254 --nameserver= 10 . 34 . 39 . 2 --
teamsl aves= "p3p1' {\"pri o \": -10 , \"sti cky\":
true}' ,p3p2' {\"pri o \": 10 0 }' " --teamco nfi g = "{\"runner\":
{\"name\": \"acti vebackup\"}}"
322
2 3. -
part, parti ti o n ( )
--no fo rmat --o npart ,

.
23.4.1, part.
part| parti ti o n _ --name= --d evi ce=

--rul e= []
: /, /usr, /ho me
swap
, -
-reco mmend ed :
swap --reco mmend ed
, .

, --
hi bernati o n:
swap --hi bernati o n
: = (--reco mmend ed ) +
( ).
6.10.4.5, (AMD 64 Intel 64),

11.10.4.5, (IBM Power Systems)
15.10.3.5, (IBM System z)

.
rai d . id
RAID - (. rai d ).
pv. id
LVM (. l o g vo l ).
bi o sbo o t
323

BIOS. AMD 64 Intel 64 BIOS,

GPT,
1 . .
UEFI .
bo o tl o ad er.
efi
EFI. AMD 64 Intel 64 UEFI

50 ( 200 ).
BIOS .
bo o tl o ad er.
--si ze= .
, 50 0 .
--si ze , .
6.10.4.5,
.
--g ro w
.
--g ro w= --
maxsi ze= , An aco n d a ,
:
<2 ,
>2
2 .
--maxsi ze= .
, 50 0 .
--no fo rmat .
--o npart.
--o npart= --usepart= , .
parti ti o n /ho me --o npart= hd a1
/ho me /d ev/hd a1.
parti ti o n pv. 1 --o npart= hd a2
, --o npart .
324
2 3. -
--o nd i sk= --o nd ri ve= ,

. , --o nd i sk= sd b SCSI-
.
, LVM,
24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17 :
part / --fstype= xfs --g ro w --aspri mary --si ze= 819 2 --

o nd i sk= d i sk/by-i d /d m-uui d -mpath-
24 16 C D 9 6 9 9 5134 C A5D 787F0 0 A5AA110 17
An aco n d a , LVM,
,
d i sk/by-i d /scsi -WWID, d m-uui d -mpath. ,
580 9 5BEC 5510 9 4 7BE8C 0 36 0 F6 0 4 3519 18 :
part / --fstype= xfs --g ro w --aspri mary --si ze= 819 2 --

o nd i sk= d i sk/by-i d /scsi -580 9 5BEC 5510 9 4 7BE8C 0 36 0 F6 0 4 3519 18
mpatha,
, .
, cl earpart .
--aspri mary .

. A.1.2,
.
--fspro fi l e
. .
. ,
ext2, ext3, ext4 /etc/mke2fs. co nf.
--fstype= : xfs, ext2, ext3, ext4 , swap, vfat, efi ,

bi o sbo o t.
--fso pti o ns= ,

.
/etc/fstab.
--l abel = .
--reco mmend ed . 6.10.4.5,

(AMD 64 Intel 64), 11.10.4.5,
(IBM System z)
.
--o nbi o sd i sk (
BIOS).
325

--encrypted
--passphrase= . , An aco n d a
auto part --passphrase,
.
--passphrase= .
--encrypted .
--ci pher= , ,
aes-xts-pl ai n6 4 .
--encrypted .
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, Red Hat
aes-xts-pl ai n6 4 aes-cbc-essi v: sha256 .

/ro o t. .
--encrypted .
--backuppassphrase
. /ro o t
--resi ze . --si ze=

--o npart= .
- ,
3.
po wero ff ( )
.
An aco n d a
. ,
hal t.
po wero ff shutd o wn -p.
po wero ff . ,
, BIOS, (APM,
Advanced Power Management)
(ACPI, Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
.
APM ACPI .
hal t, rebo o t
shutd o wn.
rai d ( )
RAID -. :
326
2 3. -
rai d --l evel = --d evi ce= md *
, RAID .
/, RAID 1 .
, /bo o t 1, /
. * ,
RAID -.
IBM Power Systems RAID -

, , RAID
0 . 9 0 .
/bo o t P R eP RAID -.
md ad m, Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7, .
23.4.1, rai d .
--l evel = RAID (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 10).
--d evi ce= . Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 RAID -

md 0 . RAID -
( 0.90), ,
UUID . : --d evi ce= rhel 7-
ro o t --l abel = rhel 7-ro o t.
--spares= .
.
--fspro fi l e ,
.
. , ext2, ext3, ext4
/etc/mke2fs. co nf.
--fstype= . : xfs, ext2, ext3,

ext4 , swap, vfat.
--fso pti o ns= ,

.
/etc/fstab.
--l abel = . ,
.
--no fo rmat RAID -

.
--useexi sti ng
.
327

--encrypted RAID -
--passphrase. ,
An aco n d a auto part --passphrase,
.
--ci pher= , ,
aes-xts-pl ai n6 4 , An aco n d a,
. --encrypted
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, Red Hat aes-xts-pl ai n6 4
aes-cbc-essi v: sha256 .
--passphrase= RAID -.
--encrypted .

/ro o t. --
encrypted .
--backuppassphrase .
/ro o t X.509.
--escro wcert.
/ (RAID 1) /ho me (RAID 5).

, SCSI.
, .
23.2. raid
part rai d . 0 1 --si ze= 6 0 0 0 --o nd i sk= sd a

part rai d . 0 2 --si ze= 6 0 0 0 --o nd i sk= sd b
part rai d . 0 3 --si ze= 6 0 0 0 --o nd i sk= sd c
part swap --si ze= 512 --o nd i sk= sd a

part swap --si ze= 512 --o nd i sk= sd b
part swap --si ze= 512 --o nd i sk= sd c
part rai d . 11 --si ze= 1 --g ro w --o nd i sk= sd a

part rai d . 12 --si ze= 1 --g ro w --o nd i sk= sd b
part rai d . 13 --si ze= 1 --g ro w --o nd i sk= sd c
rai d / --l evel = 1 --d evi ce= rhel 7-ro o t --l abel = rhel 7-ro o t
rai d . 0 1 rai d . 0 2 rai d . 0 3
rai d /ho me --l evel = 5 --d evi ce= rhel 7-ho me --l abel = rhel 7-ho me
rai d . 11 rai d . 12 rai d . 13
real m ( )
IPA Active D irectory.

real m(8) .
real m jo i n []
--co mputer-o u= O U= .
. rootD SE .
328
2 3. -
--no -passwo rd .
--o ne-ti me-passwo rd = .

.
--cl i ent-so ftware= ,

. sssd wi nbi nd .
.
--server-so ftware= ,
. acti ve-
d i recto ry freei pa.
--membershi p-so ftware= ,

. samba ad cl i .
.
rebo o t ( )
( ).
,
.
rebo o t shutd o wn -r.
System z
rebo o t.
hal t, po wero ff shutd o wn.
,
hal t.
--eject ,
D VD .
rebo o t
.
repo ( )
yu m.
repo --name= ID [--baseurl = <url>| --mi rro rl i st= url] []
--name= .
, .
,
.
--baseurl = .
yum .
--mi rro rl i st.
329

--mi rro rl i st= .

yum .
--baseurl.
--co st= , .
,
.
.
--excl ud epkg s= ,
. ,
, .
(, publ i can)
(, g no me-*).
--i ncl ud epkg s= ,

. ,
,
.
--pro xy= [: //][[: ]@ ][: ] -

HTTP, HTTPS FTP .
i nstal l . i mg HTTP-.
--i g no reg ro ups= true ,

, .
,
.
rescue ( )
rescue [--no mo unt| --ro mo unt]
--no mo unt --ro mo unt .

-.
--no mo unt , --ro mo unt
. .
ro o tpw ( )
root.
ro o tpw [--i scrypted | --pl ai ntext] [--l o ck]
--i scrypted , . --pl ai ntext -

-i scrypted .
:
330
2 3. -
$ pytho n -c ' i mpo rt crypt; pri nt(crypt. crypt("My P asswo rd ",

"$6 $My Sal t"))'
SHA512
().
--pl ai ntext , . --
pl ai ntext --i scrypted .
--l o ck . root
.
sel i nux ( )
SELinux ( ).
sel i nux [--d i sabl ed | --enfo rci ng | --permi ssi ve]
--enfo rci ng SELinux.
--permi ssi ve .
--d i sabl ed SELinux.
SELinux Red Hat

Enterprise Linux.
servi ces ( )
, syst emd .
, . ,
, .
servi ces [--d i sabl ed = ] [--enabl ed = ]
--d i sabl ed = .
--enabl ed = .
.
, .
servi ces --d i sabl ed = aud i td , cups,smartd , nfsl o ck
aud i td .
:
servi ces --d i sabl ed = aud i td ,cups,smartd ,nfsl o ck
shutd o wn ( )
331

. ,
hal t.
shutd o wn shutd o wn.
hal t, po wero ff rebo o t.
ski px ( )
X.
,
X,
g raphi cal . targ et. , ski px
.
sshpw ( )
, SSH.
sshpw
.
. .
sshpw --username= [--i scrypted | --pl ai ntext] [-

-l o ck]
--username .

-i scrypted .
:

"$6 $My Sal t"))'
SHA512
().
--pl ai ntext , . --pl ai ntext

--i scrypted .
--l o ck ,
.
ssh . ssh
i nst. sshd (. , ).
332
2 3. -
ssh- , :
sshpw --username= ro o t --l o ck
text ( )
ti mezo ne ( )
.
ti med atectl l i st-ti nezo nes.
ti mezo ne _ []
--utc , ,
.
--no ntp NTP.
--ntpservers NTP- .
unsuppo rted _hard ware ( )
.
,
.
user ( )
user --name= []
--username= .
--g eco s= GECOS .

, , ..
passwd (5).
--g ro ups= , .
(. g ro up).
--ho med i r= .
/ho me/.
--l o ck ,
.
--passwo rd = . ,
.
333


-i scrypted .
:

"$6 $My Sal t"))'
SHA512
().
--pl ai ntext , . --pl ai ntext

--i scrypted .
--shel l = .
.
--ui d = .
.
--g i d = .
.
--g i d = .
, .
vnc ( )
VNC,

. , VNC-
,
.
vnc [--ho st= ] [--po rt= ] [--passwo rd = ]
--ho st= VNC, .
--po rt= , VNC. ,

An aco n d a VNC.
--passwo rd = VNC.
, .
22, VNC .
vo l g ro up ( )
LVM.
vo l g ro up []
334
2 3. -

/d ev/mapper/ .
vo l g rp-0 1 l o g vo l -0 1,
/d ev/mapper/vo l g rp--0 1-l o g vo l --0 1.
.
(. --no fo rmat) .
23.4.1,
vo l g ro up.
--no fo rmat .
--useexi sti ng
.
--pesi ze= .
--reserved -space= ,
. .
--reserved -percent= ,
.
, :
part pv. 0 1 --si ze 10 0 0 0

vo l g ro up vo l g rp pv. 0 1
l o g vo l / --vg name= vo l g rp --si ze= 20 0 0 --name= ro o t
xco nfi g ( )
X Window System. X,
xco nfi g , X .
,
X Win d o w Syst em.
--d efaul td eskto p= . G NO ME KD E,

, %packag es.
--startxo nbo o t .
z ero mbr ( )
zero mbr .
.
335

IBM System z
D ASD - (Direct Access Storage
Device), d asd f mt .

.
zero mbr ,
D ASD -, -
.
,
D ASD -,
, .
, ,
.
.
zfcp ( )
IBM System z FC- (Fibre Channel).
zfcp --d evnum= --wwpn= wwpn --fcpl un= lun
--d evnum ( zFCP).
--wwpn WWPN ( World Wide Port Name)

0 x.
--fcpl un LUN (Logical Unit Number)

0 x.
zfcp --d evnum= 0 . 0 . 4 0 0 0 --wwpn= 0 x50 0 50 76 30 0 C 213e9 --

fcpl un= 0 x50 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
%i ncl ud e ( )
%i ncl ud e ///
.
23.3.3.
%packag es .
, .
repo d ata/*-co mps-. . xml
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 D VD .
*-co mps-. . xml <envi ro nment>,

<g ro up>. ,
, , . ,
336
2 3. -
(mand ato ry), , d efaul t

, o pti o nal
.
( <name>) ( <i d >).
32- 64- ,
, glibc.i686. --mul ti l i b.
X Window System
,
, ro o t
. ,
, user (. 23.3.2,
) ro o t
ad d user.
%packag es %end .
%packag es , .
%packag es
@ Înfrastructure Server
%end
Infrastracture Server.
repo d ata/*-co mps-. . xml
.
, @ .
*-co mps-. . xml
%packag es
@ X Window System
@ Desktop
@ Sound and Video
%end
,
%packag es.
337

*-co mps-. . xml

C o nfl i cts Red Hat Enterprise Linux. ,
, .
.
(*), :
%packag es
sqlite
curl
aspell
docbook*
%end
, d o cbo o k* docbook-dtds, docbook-simple, docbook-slides

..
%packag es
-@ Graphical Internet
-autofs
-ipa*fonts
%end
*
, @ C o nfl i cts ().
%packag es .
%packag es.
, :
%packag es --mul ti l i b --i g no remi ssi ng
--no base
@ Base. ,
.
--i g no remi ssi ng
,
.
--excl ud ed o cs
338
2 3. -
.
/usr/share/d o c*.
--mul ti l i b
32- 64- .
AMD 64 Intel 64 ,
(, x86 _6 4 )
(no arch). 32- (i 6 86 ).
%packag es.
, .
,
.
%packag es
@ Graphical Internet --optional
%end
--no d efaul ts
, .
--o pti o nal
*-
co mps-. . xml .
23.3.4 . % pre
%pre ,
, (. 23.3.2, ) .
, %pre
%end . %pre %po st .
,
, IP- .
%pre .
, .
%pre chro o t %po st.
%pre. :
%pre --i nterpreter= /usr/bi n/pytho n

--- Python script omitted --
%end
339

--i nterpreter=
, /usr/bi n/sh, /usr/bi n/bash /usr/bi n/pytho n.
--erro ro nfai l
--l o g =
%po st --l o g = /mnt/sysi mag e/ro o t/ks-pre. l o g
23.3. % p re
%pre
#!/bin/sh
hds=""
mymedia=""
for file in /proc/ide/h* do
mymedia=`cat $file/media`
if [ $mymedia == "disk" ] ; then
hds="$hds `basename $file`"
fi
done
set $hds
numhd=ècho $#`
drive1=ècho $hds | cut -d' ' -f1`
drive2=ècho $hds | cut -d' ' -f2`
#Write out partition scheme based on whether there are 1 or 2 hard

drives
if [ $numhd == "2" ] ; then
#2 drives
echo "#partitioning scheme generated in %pre for 2 drives" >
/tmp/part-include
echo "clearpart --all" >> /tmp/part-include
echo "part /boot --fstype xfs --size 75 --ondisk hda" >> /tmp/part-
include
echo "part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk hda" >> /tmp/part-
include
echo "part swap --recommended --ondisk $drive1" >> /tmp/part-include
echo "part /home --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk hdb" >>
/tmp/part-include
else
#1 drive
echo "#partitioning scheme generated in %pre for 1 drive" >
/tmp/part-include
echo "clearpart --all" >> /tmp/part-include
echo "part /boot --fstype xfs --size 75" >> /tmp/part-include
echo "part swap --recommended" >> /tmp/part-include
34 0
2 3. -
echo "part / --fstype xfs --size 2048" >> /tmp/part-include

echo "part /home --fstype xfs --size 2048 --grow" >> /tmp/part-include
fi
%end

, .
%i ncl ud e /tmp/part-i ncl ud e
/tmp/part-include.
23.3.5. % post
%po st , ,
. (.
23.3.2, ) , %po st
%end . %pre %po st .
.
%po st chroot, (
) .
--no chro o t.
IP, %po st
IP- . D HCP, /etc/reso l v. co nf
%po st,
IP- .
%po st. :
%po st --i nterpreter= /usr/bi n/pytho n

--- Python --
%end
--i nterpreter=
, Python.
%po st --i nterpreter= /usr/bi n/pytho n
, /usr/bi n/sh,
/usr/bi n/bash /usr/bi n/pytho n.
--no chro o t
chroot.
/etc/reso l v. co nf
.
34 1

%po st --no chro o t

cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/sysimage/etc/resolv.conf
%end
--erro ro nfai l
--l o g =
.
--no chro o t. --no chro o t:
%po st --l o g = /ro o t/ks-po st. l o g
--no chro o t:
%po st --no chro o t --l o g = /mnt/sysi mag e/ro o t/ks-po st. l o g
23.4 . % p o st
# %post. /root/ks-post.log
# NFS-
mkdir /mnt/temp
mount -o nolock 10.10.0.2:/usr/new-machines /mnt/temp
openvt -s -w -- /mnt/temp/runme
umount /mnt/temp
# %post
%end
NFS- runme
/usr/new-machi nes/. -o no l o ck ,
NFS- .
, ,
Red Hat.
23.5. % p o st

/usr/sbin/subscription-manager register --username=admin@ example.com --
password=secret --serverurl=sam-server.example.com --org="Admin Group"
--environment="Dev" --servicelevel=standard --release="7.0"
%end
34 2
2 3. -
subscri pti o n-manag er ( Subscription Asset Manager, CloudForms

System Engine ).
.

Red Hat Network, Subscription Asset Manager
CloudForms System Engine ,
.
23.4 .
23.4 .1.
, cl earpart, zero mbr, part,

rai d , vo l g ro up l o g vo l :
23.6 .
cl earpart --d ri ves= hd a,hd c

zero mbr
# Raid 1 IDE
part rai d . 11 --si ze 10 0 0 --aspri mary --o nd ri ve= hd a
part rai d . 14 --si ze 80 0 0 --o nd ri ve= hd a
part rai d . 15 --si ze 16 384 --g ro w --o nd ri ve= hd a
part rai d . 21 --si ze 10 0 0 --aspri mary --o nd ri ve= hd c
part rai d . 24 --si ze 80 0 0 --o nd ri ve= hd c
part rai d . 25 --si ze 16 384 --g ro w --o nd ri ve= hd c
# --spares=x
rai d / --fstype xfs --d evi ce ro o t --l evel = R AID 1 rai d . 11 rai d . 21
rai d /safe --fstype xfs --d evi ce safe --l evel = R AID 1 rai d . 12 rai d . 22
rai d swap --fstype swap --d evi ce swap --l evel = R AID 1 rai d . 13 rai d . 23
rai d /usr --fstype xfs --d evi ce usr --l evel = R AID 1 rai d . 14 rai d . 24
rai d pv. 0 1 --fstype xfs --d evi ce pv. 0 1 --l evel = R AID 1 rai d . 15 rai d . 25
# LVM, /var
/usr/local
vo l g ro up sysvg pv. 0 1
l o g vo l /var --vg name= sysvg --si ze= 80 0 0 --name= var
l o g vo l /var/freespace --vg name= sysvg --si ze= 80 0 0 --
name= freespaceto use
l o g vo l /usr/l o cal --vg name= sysvg --si ze= 1 --g ro w --name= usrl o cal
RAID ,
.
34 3

cl earpart hd a hd c, zero mbr

.

RAID 1. RAID - /, /safe,
swap, /usr.
pv. 0 1 LVM.
sysvg pv. 0 1,
/var /var/freespace 8 , /usr/l o cal
--g ro w, .
34 4
2 4 .
24.
.
, livemed ia-
creat o r .

.
-. Livemed ia- creat o r

.
ISO D VD
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (. 1, Red Hat Enterprise Linux).
ISO Red Hat Enterprise Linux,

, (. 2.3,
).
24 .1.
An aco n d a
.
(. anaco nd a -h).

,
.
,
.

24 .1.1.
,
:
$ fal l o cate -l size name
(, 10 G 50 0 0 M). ,
myi mag e. raw 30 , :
34 5

$ fal l o cate -l 30 G myi mag e. raw

fal l o cate(1).
,
. , 3 ,
,
.
:
6.10.4.5, (AMD 64 Intel 64);
11.10.4.5, (IBM Power Systems);
15.10.3.5, (IBM System z).
(. 24.1.2,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux).
24 .1.2. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux
, , SELinux
(. SELinux Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7).
, ro o t :
# anaco nd a --i mag e= /path/to/image/file
An aco n d a ,
. anaco nd a (.
anaco nd a -h).
--repo = .
i nst. repo = (. 20.1, ).
--i mag e= . ,
:
# anaco nd a --i mag e= /ho me/testuser/d i ski nstal l /i mag e1. raw --
i mag e= /ho me/testuser/d i ski nstal l /i mag e2. raw
34 6
2 4 .
.
: . ,
/ho me/testuser/d i ski nstal l /i mag e1. raw myi mag e:
# anaco nd a --i mag e= /ho me/testuser/d i ski nstal l /i mag e1. raw: myi mag e
24 .2.
Livemed ia- creat o r .

(. 23, -).
24 .2.1. Livemedia-creat or
livemed ia- creat o r :

, livemed ia- creat o r ,
.

, , ,
.
livemed ia- creat o r

MD 64 Intel 64 (x86_64).
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

,
.
24.2.4,
livemed ia- creat o r. lorax,
l i vemed i a-creato r(1)
R EAD ME. l i vemed i a-creato r /usr/share/d o c/l o rax-/ (
lorax). l i vemed i a-
creato r --hel p.
24 .2.2. livemedia-creat or
Livemed ia- creat o r lorax. ,

ro o t:
# yum i nstal l l o rax
lorax .
lorax ,
:
34 7

virt-install . ,
--no -vi rt.
libvirt, qemu-kvm, virsh

virt-install.
anaconda --no -vi rt,

.
livemed ia- creat o r , ,
.
24 .2.3.
.
lorax /usr/share/d o c/l o rax-/ ,
.
rhel 7-mi ni mal . ks ,

@ co re, , G R U B 2 .
ro o t.
rhel 7-l i vemed i a. ks .

ro o t l i veuser.
.

(, vim) url .
.
.
url Red Hat.

.
24 .2.4 .

livemed ia- creat o r.
l i vemed i a-creato r(1) l i vemed i a-creato r(1).
2 4 .2 .4 .1 . Live - virt -inst all
34 8
2 4 .
Livemed ia- creat o r virt-install ,

. Live-
ISO- An aco n d a (. 2.2,
USB-).
Live- virt - in st all :
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-i so --i so = /path/to/boot.iso --

ks= /path/to/valid/kickstart.ks
--vnc vnc virt-install --g raphi cs

, VNC, T ig erVN C (. 22,
VNC).
--ram x .
--vcpus x .
2 4 .2 .4 .2 . Live - Anaco nda
An aco n d a Live-.
:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, ISO-.

,
.
,
, livemed ia-
creat o r --no -vi rt.
, , SELinux
(. SELinux Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7).
An aco n d a --no -
vi rt:
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-i so --ks= /path/to/valid/kickstart.ks --no -

vi rt
2 4 .2 .4 .3.
34 9

livemed ia- creat o r , .

. ,
.
. ,
--i mag e-o nl y:
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-i so --ks= /path/to/valid/kickstart.ks --

i so = /path/to/boot.iso --i mag e-o nl y
--make-d i sk --make-i so :
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-d i sk --ks= /path/to/valid/kickstart.ks --

i so = /path/to/boot.iso
, --make-fsi mag e :
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-fsi mag e --ks= /path/to/valid/kickstart.ks --

--no -vi rt
/var/tmp/. ,
--tmp //.
2 4 .2 .4 .4 . ISO
livemed ia- creat o r ISO,

(. 24.2.4.3, ).
ISO- --d i sk-i mag e:
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-i so --d i sk-i mag e= /path/to/disk/image.img
ISO- --fs-i mag e:
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-i so --fs-

i mag e= /path/to/filesystem/image.img
2 4 .2 .4 .5 .
Livemed ia- creat o r - - make- ap p lian ce (

) XML- .
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-appl i ance --ks= /path/to/valid/kickstart.ks

--i so = /path/to/boot.iso
350
2 4 .
/var/tmp/.
--resul td i r.
--app-name . XML- <name>.

No ne.
--app-templ ate ///template.tmpl .

/usr/share/l o rax/appl i ance/l i bvi rt. tmpl .
--app-fi l e ///file.xml XML.

appl i ance. xml .
2 4 .2 .4 .6 . Am azo n
AMI (Amazon Machine Image) Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud),

--make-ami .
# l i vemed i a-creato r --make-ami --ks= /path/to/valid/kickstart.ks --

ami -ro o t. i mg /var/tmp/.

--resul td i r.
2 4 .2 .4 .7 .
,
.
--keep-i mag e ,
. d i skg U4 2C q . i mg
/var/tmp/.
--i mag e-o nl y ,

.
, .
--i mag e-name .

(, d i sk1Fac8G . i mg ).
--tmp // .
/var/tmp/. .
--resul td i r // , ISO-
. /var/tmp/.
--tmp.
--l o g fi l e // .
24 .2.5. livemedia-creat or
,
livemed ia- creat o r. , ,
, , ,
--l o g fi l e. , l i vemed i a. l o g pro g ram. l o g ,
351

, ,
--no -vi rt vi rt-i nstal l . l o g ,
anaco nd a/.
--i mag e-o nl y ,

, .
. --keep-
i mag e , .
--vnc
(. 22, VNC).
2 4 .2 .5 .1 .
- , livemed ia- creat o r

.
.
livemed ia- creat o r .
24 .1.
1. virsh .
# vi rsh l i st --al l Id Name State --------------------------------

-------------------- 93 LiveOS-2a198971-ba97-454e-a056-799f453e1bd7
running - RHEL7 shut off
Li veO S.
2. , vi rsh d estro y .
# vi rsh d estro y Li veO S-2a19 89 71-ba9 7-4 54 e-a0 56 -79 9 f4 53e1bd 7

Domain LiveOS-2a198971-ba97-454e-a056-799f453e1bd7 destroyed
2 4 .2 .5 .2 .
- ,
, ,
.
. ,

, 4-5
livemed ia- creat o r.
24 .2.
1. virsh .
# vi rsh l i st --al l Id Name State --------------------------------

-------------------- 93 LiveOS-2a198971-ba97-454e-a056-799f453e1bd7
running - RHEL7 shut off
Li veO S.
352
2 4 .
2. , vi rsh d estro y .
# vi rsh d estro y Li veO S-2a19 89 71-ba9 7-4 54 e-a0 56 -79 9 f4 53e1bd 7

Domain LiveOS-2a198971-ba97-454e-a056-799f453e1bd7 destroyed
3. vi rsh und efi ne .
# vi rsh und efi ne Li veO S-2a19 89 71-ba9 7-4 54 e-a0 56 -79 9 f4 53e1bd 7
Domain LiveOS-2a198971-ba97-454e-a056-799f453e1bd7 has been
undefined
4. .
/var/tmp/l o rax. i mg uti l s (
).
# fi nd mnt -T /var/tmp/l o rax. i mg uti l s* TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE

OPTIONS /var/tmp/lorax.imgutils.bg6iPJ /dev/loop1 iso9660
ro,relatime
# umo unt /var/tmp/l o rax. i mg uti l s. bg 6 i P J
5. /var/tmp.
, ,
--i mag e-name.
2013-10-30 09:53:03,161: disk_size = 5GB 2013-10-30 09:53:03,161:

disk_img = /var/tmp/diskQBkzRz.img 2013-10-30 09:53:03,161:
install_log = /home/pbokoc/lorax/virt-install.log mount: /dev/loop1
is write-protected, mounting read-only
/var/tmp/d i skQ BkzR z. i mg .
, /var/tmp,
d i sk:
# l s /var/tmp/ | g rep d i sk diskQBkzRz.img
# rm -f /var/tmp/d i skQ BkzR z. i mg
virt-install.
2 4 .2 .5 .3. --no -virt
, --no -vi rt,

anaco nd a-cl eanup ( anaconda
/usr/bi n/).
root:
353

# anaco nd a-cl eanup
354
2 5.
25.
:
,
.
R ed H at , , , Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

7.

355

V.
, .
:
Red Hat ;
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ;
356
2 6 . First boot
26. Firstboot
First b o o t
X Window System.
26.1.
,
root ( ).
26 .1.
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux.
357

26 .2.
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
(. 6.13.2, ).
, First b o o t .
358
2 6 . First boot
26 .3.
26.2. First boot

First b o o t .
K d u mp .
26.2.1. Kdump
K d u mp ,
. .
K d u mp
.
kd ump, K d u mp
.
359

26 .4 . K d u mp
26.2.2.

. Red Hat
, First b o o t :
( ).
(SAM, Subscription Asset Manager)

,
.
CloudForms System Engine

.
,
Red Hat API.
,
.
360
2 6 . First boot
, , .
26.1, .
26 .5.
First b o o t ,
. Red Hat
Red Hat Satellite .
26 .1.
1. . ,
subscri pti o n. rhn. red hat. co m,
.
361

26 .6 .
2. .
26 .7.
. ,
Red Hat
Network.
CloudForms System Engine, ,

, .
362
2 6 . First boot
,
https://www.redhat.com/wapps/sso/rhn/lostPassword.html ,
CloudForms
System Engine .
3. .
.
.
.
, ,

.
, .
4. :
First b o o t ( ),
.
, .
,
.
5.
. .
26 .8.
6. , First b o o t .
363

27.

.
ro o t
root ,
. root,
(. 28.1.3, root).

. ,
, , .
.
,
.
R PM Yu m
(. 23, -
) (. 11.8,
). Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.
K d u mp
K d u mp
.
K d u mp (.
26.2.1, Kdump) . Kdump Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7 .

. ,
.
First b o o t (. 26.2.2, ).
First b o o t ,
(. Red Hat and Red Hat
Satellite User Guide).

. ,
.

Yu m,
364
2 7 .
,
.
.
.


. ,
.
Yu m,
X Win d o w Syst em,

.
X Win d o w Syst em
(G N O ME K D E).
Yu m,
Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7. 7.3.3,
.
G N O ME3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 G N O ME 3,

G N O ME Sh ell G N O ME C lassic
G N O ME 3.

365

28.
.
, ,
.
28.1.
:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux;
,
;
root.
28.1.1. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux

,
(MBR, Master Boot Record), GRUB2.
.
,
,
, . / ,
. ,
(. 28.2.2, ).
28.1.2.
. ,

. Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
, ,
.
28.1.3. root
root, .
28.1. ro o t
1. GRUB2.
2. e
.
3. , l i nux, :
i ni t= /bi n/sh
366
2 8 .
4. F10 C trl +X, .
sh-4 . 2#
5. SELinux:
sh-4 . 2# /usr/sbi n/l o ad _po l i cy -i
6. :
sh4 . 2# mo unt -o remo unt,rw /
7. root:
sh4 . 2# passwd ro o t
Enter.
. , ,
.
8. , :
sh4 . 2# mo unt -o remo unt,ro /
9. . root.
28.2.
.
Linux. ,
, ,
, ,
.
(
) .
CD D VD ;
, USB-;
D VD Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
367

5, AMD64 Intel 64 ;
10, IBM Power Systems;
14, IBM System z.
28.2.
1. .
2. , R ed H at En t erp rise Lin u x

syst em i nst. rescue.
, T ab BIOS e UEFI.
3. , i nst. d d = :
i nst. rescue i nst. d d = driver_name
4.3.3, (AMD 64 Intel 64) 9.3.3,

(IBM Power Systems)
.
4. , , , ,
, :
i nst. rescue mo d pro be. bl ackl i st= driver_name
4.3.4, .
5. Enter (BIOS) C trl +X (UEFI) :
The rescue environment will now attempt to find your Linux

installation and mount it under the /mnt/sysi mag e directory. You
can then make any changes required to your system. If you want to
proceed with this step choose 'Continue'. You can also choose to
mount your file systems read-only instead of read-write by choosing
'Read-only'. If for some reason this process fails you can choose
'Skip' and this step will be skipped and you will go directly to a
command line.
/mnt/sysi mag e.
.
/mnt/sysi mag e/ . ,
, , .
6. 1 2
.
C trl +Al t+F1 C trl +Al t+F2.
sh-4 . 2#
,
, , (
mul ti -user. targ et g raphi cal . targ et).
,
:
368
2 8 .
sh-4 . 2# chro o t /mnt/sysi mag e
(, rpm) , /.
chro o t, exi t.
,
LVM2. ( /foo) :
sh-4 . 2# mo unt -t xfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02 /directory
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02 LVM2,
/_. -t (
xfs).
, :
sh-4 . 2# fd i sk -l
LVM2,
pvd i spl ay, vg d i spl ay l vd i spl ay.
ssh, scp pi ng ;
d ump resto re, ;
parted fd i sk ;
rpm ;
vi .
28.2.1. so srepo rt
So srepo rt ,
, ,
*.tar /var/tmp/.
.
.
28.3. so srepo rt
1. (. 28.2,
).
-.
2. /mnt/sysi mag e/:
sh-4 . 2# chro o t /mnt/sysi mag e/
3. :
sh-4 . 2# so srepo rt
369

Red Hat. ,
,
. :
# % & { } \ < > > * ? / $ ~ ' " : @ + ` | =
4. .
.
,
IP- . dev eth0
10.13.153.64/23.
bash-4 . 2# i p ad d r ad d 10.13.153.64/23 dev eth0
5. chroot:
sh-4 . 2# exi t
6. :
sh-4 . 2# cp /mnt/sysi mag e/var/tmp/sosreport
sh-4 . 2# scp /mnt/sysi mag e/var/tmp/sosreport

@:sosreport
sosreport Red Hat Enterprise Linux, 4.6.
sosreport .
sosreport.
sosreport. ?
28.2.2.
GRUB2 ,
, .
28.4 . G R U B 2
1. (. 28.2,
).
-.
370
2 8 .
2. :
3. GRUB2. ,
/dev/sda.
sh-4 . 2# /sbi n/g rub2-i nstal l
4. .
28.2.3. , RPM

.
, , .
R PM.

initramfs, . -
,
initramfs.
28.5.
1. (. 28.2,
).
-.
3. rpm -e . , xorg-
x11-drv-wacom :
sh-4 . 2# rpm -e xorg-x11-drv-wacom
4. chroot:
sh-4 . 2# exi t
- , (.
4.3.4, , 20, ).
, ,
RPM .
28.6 .
371

1. (. 28.2,
).
.
2. CD USB-
/mnt/sysi mag e/, /mnt/sysi mag e/ro o t/d ri vers/.
4. rpm -i vh . , xorg-x11-drv-
wacom /ro o t/d ri vers/ :
sh-4 . 2# rpm -i vh /ro o t/d ri vers/xo rg -x11-d rv-waco m-0 . 23. 0 -

6 . el 7. x86 _6 4 . rpm
/ro o t/d ri vers/ chroot

/mnt/sysi mag e/ro o t/d ri vers/ .
5. chroot:
sh-4 . 2# exi t
372
2 9 .
29.
.
.
29.1. Red Hat

,
CloudForms System Engine
. Red Hat.

Red Hat.
Red Hat,
unreg i ster ro o t.
# subscri pti o n-manag er unreg i ster

Red Hat.
29.2. Red Hat Sat ellit e

Satellite
.
Red Hat Satellite.
373

30.1. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux AMD64 Int el 64

.
,
, ,
.
, .

. , ,
. , Microsoft Windows
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux ext2, ext3, ext4 XFS.
.

(. mo u n t ) ,
g rub. cfg Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
, Red Hat Enterprise Linux AMD 64 Intel 64

:
1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux MBR.
2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux:
. 30.1.1, Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Linux:
. 30.1.2, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Linux.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Windows 2000, Windows Server 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista,
Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008:
. 30.1.3, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Microsoft Windows.
.
,
374
. .
G R U B 2.

30.1.1. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux

,
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. CD Windows
XP, D VD Windows Vista Linux.
Microsoft Windows,
,
.
. ,
, .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. . Windows, OS X
Linux
.
.
Microsoft Windows
.
,
.
30.1.2. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Linux,

.
Linux
.
375

, G R U B 2.
(, LILO )
a. Linux, .
b. su -. root Enter.
c. /etc/d efaul t/g rub2 (, vim)

:
30.1. R ed H at En t erp rise Lin u x g rub. cfg
menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (3.10.0-

57.el7.x86_64) 7.0 (Maipo)' --class red --class gnu-linux --
class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-
53.el7.x86_64-advanced-9eecdce6-58ce-439b-bfa4-
76a9ea6b0906' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --
hint='hd0,msdos1' 0c70bc74-7675-4989-9dc8-bbcf5418ddf1
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0c70bc74-7675-
4989-9dc8-bbcf5418ddf1
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-57.el7.x86_64
root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root ro rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root
vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap
crashkernel=auto vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-57.el7.x86_64.img
}
d. , menuentry }.

Linux. Red Hat
Enterprise Linux.
e. g rub. co nf .
376
Linux, ,
.
, ,
, .
a. Linux, .
b. f d isk,
lvremo ve vg remo ve.

.
.
30.1.3. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux Microsoft Windows

Windows Server 2000, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server
2003, Windows Vista Windows Server 2008. Red Hat
Enterprise Linux Windows.
Microsoft Windows MS-D OS ,

Linux .
,
Microsoft Windows.
Microsoft Windows.

Win d o ws, Windows.
, - , ,
.
Windows .
Windows 2000, Windows Server 2000, Windows XP

Windows Server 2003 , ,
, .
a. Microsoft Windows.
b. > , d i skmg mt. msc Enter.

.
.
NT FS C : .
, , , .
c. Red Hat Enterprise Linux ,
377

.
.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Windows
.

.
.
2. Windows
a. Windows 2000, Windows Server 2000, Windows XP, Windows

Server 2003:
i. Windows .
:
C D
.
Windows.
ii.
Windows.
Windows:
A. Windows 2000 Windows Server 2000 R , C .
B. Windows XP Windows Server 2003 R .
iii. Win d o ws
Windows ,
. Windows,
.
iv. .
Enter. ,
Enter.
v. fi xmbr
MBR.
vi. exi t Enter.
vii. Windows.
b. Windows Vista Windows Server 2008:
i. Windows .
:
C D D VD
.
Windows.
ii. Wi nd o ws , ,
. .
378
iii. .
iv. Windows.
.
v. .
vi. bo o trec /fi xmbr Enter.
vii. ,
.
viii. Windows.
30.2. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux IBM Syst em z

,
. :
D ASD /SCSI, Linux,

( ).
, . ,
: d asd fmt ( D ASD ), parted , mke2fs, d d .
.
30.2.1. z /VM LPAR
D ASD SCSI- ,
z/VM LPAR, Red Hat
Enterprise Linux D ASD /SCSI.
.
379

VI.
,
380
A.
A.
AMD 64 Intel 64,

.
, Linux,
.
,
(. A.2, ),
A.1.

.
,
, .
, , .
A.1, .
A.1.
A.1.1.
.
, .
A.2.
A.2, ,
:
381

, Linux . [4]
, .
A.3, ,
.
, ,
, . Red Hat
Enterprise Linux ,
.
A.3.
, .
. ,
.
A.4 .
A.4, , .
, ,
. , ,
, .
. .
.
,
. , ,
. , . ,

.
A.1.2.
.
. .
382
A.

MBR (Master Boot Record) GPT (GUID Partition Table).
BIOS. , GPT
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). A.1.3,
MBR, A.1.4,
GUID GPT.

. ,
. ,
.
A.5.
A.5, ,
( ). ,
( ). ,
,
.
.
. ,
, .
, . ,
; ,
. , ,
,
.
383

A.6, .
A.6 .
, , ,
.
, .
, D OS. (. A.1,
), D OS .
A.1,
.
A.1.

00 Novell Netware 386 65
D OS 12- FAT 01 PIC/IX 75
XENIX root 02 MINIX 80
XENIX usr 03 Linux/MINUX 81
D OS 16- <=32 04 Linux swap 82
05 Linux 83
D OS 16- >=32 06 Linux 85
OS/2 HPFS 07 Amoeba 93
AIX 08 Amoeba BBT 94
AIX 09 BSD /386 a5
OS/2 Boot Manager 0a OpenBSD a6
Win95 FAT32 0b NEXTSTEP a7
Win95 FAT32 (LBA) 0c BSD I fs b7
Win95 FAT16 (LBA) 0e BSD I swap b8
Win95 (LBA) 0f Syrinx c7
Venix 80286 40 CP/M db
Novell 51 D OS access e1
PReP Boot 41 D OS R/O e3
GNU HURD 63 D OS f2
Novell Netware 286 64 BBT ff
A.1.3.
, .
.
.
,
384
A.
. (.
A.7, )
, , ,
.
A.7.
, ,
,
. , Linux ,
12 .
A.1.4 . GUID
GUID (GPT, GUID Partition Table)

(GUID , Globally Unique Identifiers),
, MBR. , , MBR
2.2 , GPT 2.2
. GPT 128 ,
, .
GPT (LBA, Logical Block Addressing)

:
(LBA 0) MBR
MBR,
MBR.
LBA 1 GPT, GUID ,

GPT,
CRC32 ( ).
.
GPT 128 , GUID

. 128 .
GPT .
GPT
. GUID ,

, CRC32 ( ),
.
385

GPT ,
BIOS. .
A.2.
:
.
.
,
A.2.1.
,
, (. A.8,
).
A.8.
1 , 2
.
, ,
.
. ,
, (
Red Hat Enterprise Linux).
(. A.2.3,
).
386
A.
A.2.2. ,
, , (.
A.9, ).
A.9 .
1 , 2
Linux.
, .
Linux.
.
A.2.3.
, , .
, ,
.
, ,
, .
, :
, ,
. , ,
, . ,
.
, ( )
.
,
.
- ,
.

,
(. A.10, ).
387

A.10.
1 , 2 .
,
. ,
- .
,
:
1.
2.
3.
A.2 .3.1 .
, .
, .
A.11.
1 , 2 .
,
. ,
. (
), ,
388
A.
A.2 .3.2 .
A.12,
. ,
,
.
A.12.
1 , 2 .
, .
D OS Linux.
A.2 .3.3.
Linux, , ,
(. A.13,
), .
A.13.
1 , 2 .
A.3.
, Linux, , Linux
. D OS Windows
,
. ,
Linux, .
A.3.1.
389


, /d ev/xxyN.
/d ev/
, .
, ,
/d ev/ .
xx
, , sd .
, . , /d ev/sd a (
) /d ev/sd b ().
. 1 4 .
5. , , /d ev/sd a3
, /d ev/sd b6 .

, ,
, ,
.
A.3.2.

.
.
, ().
, /d ev/sd a5 /usr/, ,
/usr/ /d ev/sd a5. ,
/usr/share/d o c/FAQ /txt/Li nux-FAQ /d ev/sd a5,
/etc/g d m/custo m. co nf .
, , /usr/
. , /d ev/sd a7 /usr/l o cal /. ,
/usr/l o cal /man/whati s /d ev/sd a7.
A.3.3.

. .
, swap, /bo o t/ /.
390
A.
6.10.4.5, (AMD 64 Intel 64), 11.10.4.5,

(IBM System z) .
[4] .
. .
391

B. iSCSI
iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface)
SCSI TCP/IP. iSCSI
SCSI, SCSI.
SCSI, , ,
iSCSI. , ,
iSCSI. , iSCSI ,
SCSI- HBA .
Linux , Linux
iSCSI.
iSCSI Linux HBA- SCSI,

Linux iSCSI. iSCSI ,
iSCSI SCSI .
Linux iSCSI, .
. Linux
.
,
iscsiad m . iscsid .
Iscsiad m iscsid iscsi- in it iat o r- u t ils.
B.1. iSCSI Anaconda
An aco n d a iSCSI :
1. An aco n d a , BIOS (
) iBFT (iSCSI Boot Firmware Table),
iSCSI. iBFT , An aco n d a
BIOS iSCSI .
2. iSCSI :

. i SC SI (.
6.11.1, ).
Iscsiad m iSCSI.
An aco n d a
iSCSI , /. /
iSCSI, in it rd , An aco n d a
.
/ iSCSI, An aco n d a N et wo rkMan ag er

, in it rd .
, N et wo rkMan ag er
/.
B.2. iSCSI
iSCSI :
1. in it rd iSCSI, /.
iscsist art ( iscsid ).
392
B. iSCSI
2.
( iscsi). iSCSI,
/, ,
iSCSI, iscsi iscsid .
3. iscsi .
,
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.
4. N et wo rkMan ag er,
N et wo rkMan ag er iscsi (.
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393

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394
D.
D.
An aco n d a http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux An aco n d a

.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux G R UB2: http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/.
,
. Red Hat
Enterprise Linux LVM (. http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-
HOWTO/).
Red Hat Enterprise Linux PulseAudio:

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/D ocumentation/User/.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Xo rg

,
. http://www.x.org/.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux An aco n d a VNC (Virtual Network Computing)

.
RealVNC: http://www.realvnc.com/support/documentation.html.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux bash (.

http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html). GNU,
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http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenSSH. SSH

,
. Anaco nd a
scp .
OpenSSH: http://www.openssh.com/.
SELinux (MAC,
Mandatory Access Control) Linux:
http://www.nsa.gov/research/selinux/index.shtml.

f irewalld : https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FirewallD .
395

Red Hat Enterprise Linux yum.

http://yum.baseurl.org/.


.
396
E. ext 4 XFS
E. ext4 XFS
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ext4 XFS.
ext4 XFS.
E.1. ext 4 XFS
ext 4 XFS
mkfs. ext4 mkfs. xfs
mo unt mo unt
resi ze2fs xfs_g ro wfs [a]
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