T ng ho thu - kh

Ngi son: Bi Tun Anh

B mn My v Ma st hc
Mc ch mn hc
Cung cp cho SV khi qut v cc
phn t thu lc, kh nn.
Tnh chn cc phn t cho h
thng TH thu kh
Tnh ton, xy dng s thu lc
cho cc thit b t ng
Ti liu tham kho
1) Truyn ng du p trong my ct kim
loi 1974 (Nguyn Ngc Cn)
2) Cc phn t thu kh trong t ng ho
- 1997 (Nguyn Tin Lng)
3) H thng iu khin t ng thu lc
2002 (Trn Vn Tu)
4) H thng iu khin bng kh nn
1999 (Nguyn Ngc Phng)
Nhp mn
Mch iu khin
Mch ng lc
X

LHN
XX

p0,Q p Mx
Y

ndc n(v/ph) Ti trng
c im ca h thng thu - kh
Cht kh nn c
Gi thit cht lng khng nn c (thc t CL c
mun n hi E).
Cc phn t thu lc v kh nn, v ngtc kt cu
ging nhau (khi thit k lu n tnh cht ca cht
kh v cht lng). (cc phn t kh nn cn ch to
vi chnh xc cao hn thu lc do cht kh
long hn cht lng).
H thng thu lc: du phi c thu hi li (kt cu
phi c b phn thu hi du).
H thng kh nn: kh qua HT c thi ra ngoi.
u, nhc im ca h thng
thu - kh
I. u, nhc im ca h thng truyn ng bng thu lc
u im
Truyn c cng sut cao v lc ln nh cc c cu tng i n
gin, hot ng vi tin cy cao i hi t phi chm sc, bo dng.
- iu chnh c vn tc lm vic tinh v v cp, d thc hin t ng
ho theo iu kin lm vic hay theo chng trnh cho sn.
- Kt cu gn nh, v tr ca cc phn t dn v b dn khng l thuc
vi nhau, cc b phn ni thng l nhng ng ng d i ch.
- C kh nng gim khi lng v kch thc nh chn p sut thu
lc cao.
- Nh qun tnh nh ca bm v ng c thu lc, nh tnh chu nn
ca du nn c th s dng vn tc cao m khng s b va p mnh
nh trong trng hp c kh hay in.
- D bin i chuyn ng quay ca ng c thnh chuyn ng tnh
tin ca c cu chp hnh.
- D phng qu ti nh van an ton.
- D theo di v quan st bng p k, k c cc h phc tp, nhiu
mch.
- T ng ho n gin, k c cc thit b phc tp, bng cch dng
cc phn t tiu chun ho.
u, nhc im ca h thng
thu - kh
Nhc im.
- Mt mt trong ng ng dn v r r bn trong cc phn t, lm
gim hiu sut v hn ch phm vi s dng.
- Kh gi c vn tc khng i khi ph ti thay i do tnh nn c
ca cht lng v tnh n hi ca ng ng dn.
- Khi mi khi ng, nhit ca h thng cha n nh, vn tc lm
vic thay i do nht ca cht lng thay i.
ii u, nhc im ca h thng truyn ng bng kh nn.
1. u im.
- Do kh nng chu nn (n hi) ln ca khng kh, cho nn c th trch
cha kh nn mt cch thun li. Nh vy c kh nng ng dng
thnh lp mt trm trch cha kh nn.
- C kh nng truyn ti nng lng xa, bi v nht ng hc ca kh
nn nh v tn tht p sut trn ng dn t.
- ng dn kh nn ra (thi ra) khng cn thit (ra ngoi khng kh).
- Chi ph thp thit lp mt h thng truyn ng bng kh nn, bi v
phn ln trong cc x nghip h thng ng dn kh nn c sn.
- H thng phng nga qu p sut gii hn c m bo.
2. Nhc im.
- Lc truyn ti trng thp.
- Khi ti trng trong h thng thay i, th vn tc truyn cng thay i, bi
v kh nng n hi ca kh nn ln, cho nn khng th thc hin nhng
chuyn ng thng hoc qua u.
- Dng kh nn thot ra ng dn ra gy nn ting n.
Hin nay, trong lnh vc iu khin, ngi ta thng kt hp h thng iu
khin bng kh nn vi c, hoc vi in, in t. Cho nn rt kh xc nh
mt cch chnh xc, r rng u, nhc im ca tng h thng iu khin.
Tuy nhin c th so snh mt s kha cnh, c tnh ca truyn ng bng
kh nn i vi truyn ng bng c, bng in.
Nhc li nh lut ca cht lng

1) p sut thu tnh.

Trong cc cht lng, p sut (p sut do trng
lng v p sut do ngoi lc) tc ng ln mi
phn t cht lng khng ph thuc vo hnh dng
bnh cha
 Nhc li nh lut ca cht lng

T (d) ta c: ps = h.g. + pL
F
T (e) ta c: pF =
A
T (f) ta c: F1 F2 l 2 A1 F1
= pF = ; = =
A1 A 2 l1 A2 F2
Nhc li nh lut ca cht lng

Trong :
- khi lng ring ca cht lng.
h - chiu cao ct nc.
g - gia tc trng trng.
ps - p sut do lc trng trng.
pL - p sut kh quyn.
pF - p sut ca ti trng.
A - din tch b mt tip xc.
F - ti trng ngoi.
Nhc li nh lut ca cht lng

Khuch i p lc
V d:
V d:
Nhc li nh lut ca cht lng
2) Phng trnh dng
chy lin tc
Lu lng trong ng
ng t v tr (1) n v tr
(2) l khng i. Lu lng
Q ca cht lng qua mt
ct S ca ng bng nhau
trong ton ng (t iu
kin lin tc). Ta c
phng trnh dng chy
nh sau:
Q = S.v = const
Vi v l vn tc chy trung
bnh qua mt ct S
Nhc li nh lut ca cht lng

Trong :
Q - lu lng dng chy ti v tr 1 v v
tr 2 [m3/s].
v1 - vn tc dng chy ti v tr 1 [m3/s].
v2 - vn tc dng chy ti v tr 2 [m3/s].
A1 - tit din dng chy ti v tr 1 [m2].
A2 - tit din dng chy ti v tr 2 [m2].
 Nhc li nh lut ca cht lng
3) Phng trnh Bernuli
p sut ti mt im cht
lng ang chy:
v12 v 22
p1 + gh1 + = p 2 + gh2 + = const
2 2
Trong :

p + gh - p sut thu tnh

v 2 v 2
= - p sut thu ng.
2 2g
= .g - trng lng ring.
 Chng i
i cng v truyn ng thu kh

I) Mt s tnh cht c l ca cht lng

II) Cc dng truyn nng lng bng cht
lng
III) Hiu sut trong h thng truyn ng thu
lc
 I) Mt s tnh cht c l ca cht lng

1) nht: (ni ma st Cc lp cht lng trt ln nhau

ca cht lng) ng sut tip (theo Nuitn)
y(m) n
dv N
= 2
dy m
p, Q
dv
Gradient vn tc
Cht lng v(m/s) dy n<1
n=1
M
n = 1 cht lng Nuitn n>1
n 1 cht lng phi Nui tn
(NS/m2) - nht ng lc hc Xng
v0 dv
dy
 I) Mt s tnh cht c l ca cht lng

nht ng lc hc: l lc ma st tnh bng 1 N tc ng

trn mt n v din tch b mt 1 m2 ca hai lp phng
song song vi dng chy ca cht lng cch nhau 1 m v c
vn tc 1 m/s.
n v [Pa.s]. Ngoi ra, cn dng n v poaz (Poiseuille),
vit tt l P.
- 1P = 0,1 N.s/m2 = 0,010193 kG.s/m2
- 1P = 100cP (centipoiseulles)
- du = 0,136 Ns/m2
- KK = 17,07.10-6 Ns/m2
nht ng hc: ng l t s gia h s nht ng
lc vi khi lng ring ca cht lng. =

 du = (0,85 0,96) kg/dm3
KK = 1,293 kg/dm3
n v [m2/s]. Ngoi ra cn dng n v stc (Stoke), vit
tt l St hoc centiStokes, vit tt l cSt.
1St = 1 cm2/s = 10-4 m2/s
1cSt = 10-2 St = 1mm2/s
200 C
Du cng nghip = 17 23 cSt 200 cm3
nht kinh nghim

nht Engle: (E0) l mt t s

quy c dng so snh thi gian
chy 200 cm3 cht lng c th qua
l nht k (2,8mm) vi thi gian
chy 200 cm3 nc ct qua l ny 2,8 mm
nhit + 200C.

td
E =
0

tnc
2) Mt s nhn t nh hng n kh nng lm vic
ca cht lng

Nhit : t0 [t0]du (50 55)0C 500 C

Khi chn du, mong mun ch s nhit i = 1
p sut : p 1000 C
p = a(1+kp); a - nht p sut kh quyn
K = 0,002 khi a 15 cSt
K = 0.003 khi a 15 cSt
Hoc p = a ap vi a = 1,002 1,004
Kh ln trong du: hh ( dau + khi )
= 1 + 0,0015 b
dau
b - %khng kh ln trong du
Trong h thng thu lc thng c t (0,5 -5)% khng kh ln
trong du. C tng 1at th c (5 -10)% khng kh ln vo
du.
3) Mt s lu khi chn du
Cht lng lm vic phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- C kh nng bi trn tt trong khong thay i ln nhit
v p sut.
- KLV V ln chn du c b (long) ma st
p ln chn du c ln (c) d du

nht t ph thuc vo nhit .

C tnh trung ho (tnh tr) vi cc b mt kim loi, hn
ch c kh nng xm nhp ca kh, nhng d dng
tch kh ra.
Phi c nht thch ng vi iu kin chn kht v khe
h ca cc chi tit di trt, nhm m bo r du b
nht, cng nh tn tht ma st t nht.
Du cn phi t si bt, t bc hi khi lm vic, t ho tan
trong nc v khng kh, dn nhit tt.
 Pha du c nht yu cu:

E 0
=
aE 10 + bE 0
2 (
k E 10 E 20 )
100

a 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

b 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

k 6,7 13,1 19,7 22,1 25,5 27,2 28,6 25 17

II) Cc dng truyn nng lng bng cht lng

1. Di dngth nng Et

2. ng nng

3. Nhit

4. Bin dng
 1) Di dngth nng Et

Gi s c mt khi cht lng c: th tch V (cm3), p sut p (N/m2)

Et = p.V (N/m2.m3 = N.m )
Cng sut dEt dp dV
N= =V. + p.
dt dt dt
Lc khi ng, p nh (ch lm vic khi n nh) dp/dt = 0
Lu lng:
dV m m dm
3 3 3
lit
Q= , , p,Q
dt s ph ph ph
Kh Du Bm

N = p.Q ndc = 0,8

Cng sut bm: N = p.Q (ca CL i ra)
Chn C in quay bm: Nc = Nbm/
 Cng thc tnh:

N KG
p: 2 Hoc
p: 2
p.Q m p.Q cm
N= (kW ) 3 N= (kW ) 3
60.1000 Q : m 612 Q : dm
ph ph
N 1KG 10 N
105 2
= 10 5
pa = 2
2
= 1bar ,1at
m cm cm
kg
Thu ngn
= 13595 3 1
m 1mmHg = at
2
760
0 C g = 9,81m.s
0
N
1mmHg = 1torr = 133,3 2
m
Anh dng v Psi: 1bar = 14,5 Psi
 2) Di dng ng nng E

mV 2 m.m
Ed = kg . 2
= N .m
2 s
Vn tc ca du trong ng V d:
nh, khng ng k ( 6m/s) Thu in

21m
p = ptinh + pdong
ptinh = .H
V2
pdong = .
2 Nh p
3) Di dng nhit

J
Et 0 = m.C.T kg. 0
.T = N .m
0

kg.T
4) Bin dng: Eb Cng sinh ra = ?

P 1 2
E = k .x K (N/m) - cng ca
V 2 cht lng
V0
V = .p V0 th tch ban u, khi
Edau p xung, bin dng
p: hiu p u-cui
x

Edu M un n hi du khong
Edu = 0,38.104KG/cm2, p 5bar
Edu = (1,4-1,75).104KG/cm2, p = (5 100)bar
 V d: Tnh cng sut c kp cht vt rn
F

p
P

V L 500 Kg

ndc

F .L P 3 P
V = . (m ); p = = p Ban u coi p = 0
Edau F F
V m3 Ch : E +Et0 + Eb = 0,33%E
Q=
t ph Trong tnh ton ta b qua chng
t chn
III) Hiu sut trong h thng truyn ng thu lc
(cc dng tn tht)

1. Tn tht c kh

2. Tn tht th tch

3. Tn hao p sut

4. V d

n
= i =1
i
 1) Tn tht c kh

Ma st gia cc vt rn: bi, pitton xi lanh (ch bm v c)

ck = ckBom . ckDC
P < p0
QB
p0 p Qd Q

QB Q0
 2) Tn tht th tch (D du): Q

Tn tht th tch l do du thu lc chy qua cc khe h trong

cc phn t ca h thng. p sut cng ln, vn tc cng nh v
nht cng nh th tn tht th tch cng ln. Tn tht th tch
ng k nht l cc c cu bin i nng lng.
p
Q Q QB QB
Q = = = 1 Bm
Q0 Q0 Q0
B

Q0 QD QD QD
Q = = = 1
QD QD QD
D

Q Q0 Q
QB QD
Q = QB .QD QD
 3) Tn hao p sut: p

Tn tht p sut l s gim p sut do lc cn trn ng

chuyn ng ca du t bm n c cu chp hnh. Tn tht
ph thuc vo nhng yu t khc nhau:
- Chiu di ng dn.
- nhn thnh ng.
- ln tit din ng.
- Tc dng chy.
- S thay i tit din.
- Trng lng ring, nht.

nh gi ch chy tng, chy ri bng h s Reynol:

Lc qun tnh m.a d.v
Re = = = d - ng knh ng
Lc Ma st .F
 dV dV
= . = . .
dy dy
Re < 2000 dng chy tng
Re > 2000 dng chy ri V

i vi b mt c :

.v
Re = < 100

> 100
Tn tht trn chiu di v mi ni?
dl
dp 32 .Vtb

d
l > 100d
=

dl d2 1 2
Q d 2
l
Vtb = ; F =
4 128 .l

R
F
Thay vo, tch phn: p = .Q = RTL .Q Dng chy tuyn tnh
d 4
Tr thu lc (tuyn
TH tuyn tnh Chy tng
tnh)
 Q(I) p2(U2)
Tr thu lc tng ng nh
p1(U1)
in tr ca mch in
RTL

Xt dng trong ng ng
p = p1 p2 Q

d
lin h trong s in, ta thy:
p1
I ~ Q; U ~ p 1 2 p2
l
I U2
R U = R.I 1
U1 R = f , l,
d
Q1 Trong TL:

I~Q
Q2

U1 ~ p1 U2 ~ p2
Q3
 Khi l > 100d ta mi tnh n RTL, nu nh hn th b qua

p = 8k 4 [bar ]
Ql
d k h s hiuchnh ph thuc vo tr s Re
Q lt/pht; l m;
d mm; - cSt mm2/s
Nu Re < 2000 (tc l khi Q/d < 0,1) k = 1 3
Q
Nu Re > 2000 (tc l khi Q/d > 0,1) k = 6,8.4
vd
Trong nhiu ti liu, ngta p(bar) 1m d = 5mm
d = 8mm
th nghim vi d = 4, 5, 0,5 m d = 10mm
6,Xc nh tn hao p p5
d = 15mm
trn 1 n v chiu di.
p8
ng vi 1m (hoc 0,5m)
chiu di ng

Q Q(l/ph)
 Tn tht cc b ti ni tit din thay i (t ngt, nh
dn,), ti mi ni, c th nghm v a vo s tay.

p = 10 . .
4
V2 [bar ]
2g
kg/m3; v m/s; g = 9,81m/s2
- h s tn tht cc b (thc
nghim)

 gim tn tht, v trn cc gc,
Tit din ng thay i, h s tn tht cc b cho
trong s tay
Tn tht p sut van
i vi tng loi van c th, do tng hng sn xut, th s
c ng c tnh tn tht p sut cho tng loi van. Tn
tht p sut van theo th:

th tn tht p sut van

Tn tht trong h thng thu lc
 l

Q1
*) V d: tnh tn tht
lu lng:

d
d3 .p V=0
Q1 =
12. .l
p1 p2
TH pitton cng:

+e

d.V
Q1 = Q2
2
TH lch tm:

d 3 l
2

Q2 = 1 + .p
12. .l

e
 F

Tr qun tnh: p
m

d
p = p1 p2 p1
1 2 p2
m = F.l. l
p.F = m.a = m.dv/dt
m dV m d ( FV ) m dQ
p = . = 2. = 2.
F dt F dt F dt
Lin h vi mch in: Tr qun tnh
dI
U = L.
dt m
Khi tnh ton, tnh cng d1 l1 d2 l2 d3 l3
M
thng lc qun tnh vi tng
khi lg tng ng V
m1V12 + m2V22 + ... + m V 2 = MV 2
 Tr bin dng (nn du, dn ng):

V0
Ta c: V = .p
Ed
dV V0 dp dp
= . Q = Cdau .
dt Ed dt dt
Q Tng t nh t in
dU
I = C.
dt
Cdu
Ta phi tnh c Cng: Cng

C = Cd + CO ^
 Cng sut bm: N = p. Q

Qb Qb - Qbd
Qb pL
Qb Qb Qdc
RTL
pdc Q
Qb pTL ci
Qbd
Cd+CO^

Qci = Qb Qb - Qbd - Qdc

pdc = pb - pTL- pL
Xt v mt cng sut
Hiu sut h thng thu lc:

Qci . pdc
= CoKhi . N ThuyLuc N ThuyLuc =
Qb . pb
 Xt 1 s thu lc

D
F1 F2 V2 V1

P
p1
1) B du
p2
2) 2) Lc th,lc tinh

d
G
A B f
6 3) Bm
5 4) Van 1 chiu
8

4 5) Van cn
6) Van o chiu
2'
7) Xi lanh lc
3
8) Tay gt diu khin
Q 2 9) p k
9
p0 10)Van tit lu
10 1 11)Va an ton

11
P3 = pa = 0
Phm vi ng dng
 Chng Ii
C cu bin i nng lng

I) Bm
1) Bm bnh rng
2) Bm cnh gt
3) Bm pt tng
4)
II) ng c
III) Xi lanh lc
Bm
C nng Th nng (di dng p sut p)
ng c
 I) Bm
Nguyn l:

Bm du l mt c cu bin i nng lng, dng bin

c nng thnh nng lng ca du (dng cht lng).
Trong h thng du p thng ch dng bm th tch, tc l
loi bm thc hin vic bin i nng lng bng cch
thay i th tch cc bung lm vic
khi th tch cc bung lm vic tng, bm rt du, thc hin
chu k ht
khi th tch ca bung gim, bm y du ra thc hin chu k
nn
Tu thuc vo lng du do bm y ra trong mt chu k
lm vic, ta c th phn ra hai loi bm th tch:
Bm c lu lng c nh, gi tt l bm c nh.
Bm c lu lng c th iu chnh, gi tt l bm iu chnh.
 pb pb

Qb
Qb
K hiu:

Bm cht lng nn kh

A) Bm c nh (ko c B) Bm iu chnh
lu lng) lu lng Q
Vy
dy
Gi thit dng chy lin tc:

d 2
d 2
d = 2.
Q
Q Q= h
.Vh = d
.Vd
dht
4 4 V
Vht
Vht = (1 - 2)m/s
Vht
Vy = (2 - 5)m/s
1) Bm bnh rng:
Nguyn l lm vic l thay i th tch:
khi th tch ca bung ht A tng, bm ht du, thc hin
chu k ht v
khi th tch gim, bm y du ra bung B, thc hin chu
k nn

A
Phm vi s dng v Phn loi
Bm bnh rng l loi bm dng rng ri nht v: kt cu n
gin, d ch to.
Phm vi s dng ch yu nhng h thng c pnh trn cc
my khoan, doa, bo, phay, my t hp... .
p sut ca bm bnh rng hin nay c th t (10 - 200) bar.
Bm bnh rng:
BR K ngoi hoc n khp trong, c th l rng thng, rng
nghing hoc rng ch V.
Loi BR K ngoi c dng rng ri hn v ch to d hn,
nhng BR K trong c kch thc gn nh hn.
u, nhc im:
u im: kt cu n gin, kt nh, bin dng rng tiu
chun d ch to gi thnh r
Nhc im:
Lc hng knh ln gy BD trc, thn bm
Tht thot lu lng ln (ngn gia bung ht-y bng tip
xc ng gia 2 rng)
C th c hin tng nt chn rng (do du chn vo khi K)
Lu lng v p sut thay i khi lm vic (do c s vo, ra
khp)
Khc phc:
To cc l thng vi bung ht v bung y cn bng
lc hng knh
To rnh thot du trnh nt chn rng (thay cho vic
phi khoan chn rng (kh))
 Cn bng lc
hng knh
trc mn u

Khot 1
l nh
nb
A B

m, z

nb

Rnh trn, thot du

B
 Lu lng:
Coi th tch du c y ra khi rnh rng bng vi th
tch ca rng, tc l khng tnh n khe h chn rng v
ly hai bnh rng c kch thc nh nhau (cng m,z)
m, z
m 3
Qb = qb .nb nb
ph
qb lu lng ring, m3/vng (th tch
m bm bm c/vng)
Nb s vng quay ca bm, B
vng/pht
.D

m
qb = .h.B.2 = .D.h.B

1,25m
h
2
Hai bnh rng

D
 m3
Qb = 2 .B.m .Z .nb
2
Do c s vo v
ph ra khp
Q

Thng thng m Q (m tng

rnh rng ln Q)

Vn tc di ti thiu bm c: t

Vmin
p
= 0,17 0 (m / s )
E nht Engle

p bar

Du cng c quay chm c. Vi du bnh thng th n = 900

1500 v/ph l tt nht (n ln qu si bt du)
 Kt cu bm BR:

5. Vng chn du trc

1. Cp BR
quay
2. Vnh chn
6.
3. Thn bm
7. Vng chn iu chnh
4. 1 4.2 mt bch khe h
 Bm BR kp:

nb
A B

Gim ti tc ng mt pha. c truyn momen vo BR

gia momen cn bng. Tuy nhin, ngi ta cng dng
cc ng gim ti nh bm 1 cp BR.
Lu lng tng gp 2 so vi bm n
 Bm BR n khp trong:

Kch thc nh gn, tn tht

th tch nh hon bm BR K
ngoi. Ch to phc tp
 Bm trc vt: l s bin dng ca bm bnh rng.
c im:
Du c chuyn t bung ht sang bung nn theo chiu
trc;
v khng c hin tng chn du chn ren.
Nhc im ca bm trc vt l ch to trc vt kh phc tp.
u im cn bn l chy m, nhp nh lu lng nh
Bm trc vt thng c sn xut thnh 3 loi:
Loi p sut thp: p = 10 - 15 bar.
Loi p sut trung bnh: p = 30 - 60 bar.
Loi p sut cao: p = 60 - 200 bar (pmax = 350 bar)
B
h
Lu lng:
d Q = d .h.B.n
n

A B
 Mt s loi bm trc vt:
2) Bm cnh gt:
L loi bm c dng rng ri sau bm bnh rng
Ch yu dng h thng c p sut thp v trung
bnh.
So vi bm bnh rng, bm cnh gt bo m mt lu
lng u hn, hiu sut th tch cao hn. Khng yu
cu du sch bng bm BR.
Kt cu ca bm cnh gt c nhiu loi khc nhau,
nhng c th chia thnh hai loi chnh :
Bm cnh gt n.
Bm cnh gt tc dng kp.
Bm cnh gt n l khi trc quay mt vng, n thc
hin mt chu k lm vic bao gm mt ln ht v mt
ln nn.
Bm cnh gt kp l khi trc quay mt vng, n thc
hin hai chu k lm vic bao gm hai ln ht v hai
ln nn
 Bm cnh gt cp du
t ngoi vo

Cnh gt c th c
theo hng knh.
gim lc tip xc
A gia u cnh gt v
thnh Stato (do ly tm),
B ngta cho cnh gt c
cng bc trn rnh
trn trn mt bn
(cht/con ln lp 2 bn
cnh gt)
0,05
A b B

n
Stato
01 02

Cht

D
B
Cnh gt
e
 bung ht lun ngn cch bung nn:

2 d
Z s cnh gt
Z
V
Lu lng Q
01 02
Ly 1 im c BK , ti vn tc V
Ly vi phn d

dQ = B.d .V
dQ = 2Bnd
V = . ; =D2n
+e
2
Q = 2Bn
D
d = 2BneD
e
2
Thy e =0 Q = 0
Q khng ph thuc knh trong (ph thuc e)
 Tnh thm lu lng do cht d:
Vmax

dQC = 2.b.d .dV QC = 2bd dV = 2bd (V

Vmin
max Vmin )

d
d

b
V =
QC = 2bd .2 .n.2e = 8 .d .b.e.n
= 2n
Vmax Vmin = 2n( max min ) = 2n.2e
Thc t Qc nh, nn trong tnh ton ta b qua.
Nguyn tc iu chnh lch tm e (iu chnh lu lng)
 Bm cnh gt kp: khi trc quay mt vng, n thc hin
hai chu k lm vic bao gm hai ln ht v hai ln nn

Q = 5 200 l/ph
pmax = 125 bar (175bar)
 Bm cnh gt dn du t trong ra:

Roto l trc rng c bit, to

nn c ht A, nn B.
A B

e
Khi Roto quay (nh Hv), cc n
bung du gia cc cnh gt
pha ca ht A tng dn qu
trnh ht du t ca A qua cc
rnh.
Trong khi th tch gia cc
cnh gt pha B gim dn,
thc hin qu trnh nn du
qua cc rnh hng knh vo
ca B, ra ngoi.
 Bm cnh gt n (hai cnh)

A B
Dng trong TH lu lng v p
sut nh.
Kt cu n gin, cht ch
Yu cu b mt trong Stato ch
to chnh xc.
3) Bm pitton:
Da trn nguyn tc thay i th tch ca c cu
pittng-xilanh
V b mt lm vic l mt tr d dng t c
chnh xc gia cng cao, bo m hiu sut th tch tt.
C kh nng thc hin c vi p sut lm vic ln
(pmax = 700 bar).
Thng dng nhng h thng du p cn p sut
cao v lu lng ln, nh my chut, my xc, my
nn...
Da trn cch b tr pittng, bm c th phn thnh
hai loi:
Bm pittng hng tm.
Bm pittng hng trc.
Bm pittng c th ch to vi lu lng c nh,
hoc lu lng iu chnh c.
 a) Bm pitton hng
knh:
02
(dao ng hng knh) n

T xoay v
trn v ng
R
tm 02

Px

B
X

Py P
l A

Lm pitton t 01
d xoay quanh
60 -15 0
trc mn
u
p f = 0,08

d0
A
B
 Thng thng ngi ta dng t 3 -
11 pitton
d = 12, 16, 18, 20, 22
Lu lng: S vng quay ca Rto (vg/ph)

d 2 d 2
Q=Z .e.n = Z .e.n.
.2{
4 2
Hnh trnh ca pitton
S pitton

Hnh trnh ca pitton thng thng: 2e

= (1,3 1,4)d
S vng quay ln nht nmax = 1500
vng/pht
iu chnh lu lng iu chnh e
Lc:
- Lc Px to lc ma st (gia pitton v
xi lanh)
 Fmx = f.Px Lc ly tm
678
d 2
Py = p. + Fms + m. . 2
4
Vn tc gc ca pitton (1/s)
Kcch t trng tm ca
p sut bun nn pitton n tm Roto (m)
(bar)
Khi lng ca pitton (kg)

Py
P = Px + Py P =
cos
Xc nh c P, ta c th kim nghim S b mt u pitton
v vng trt theo cng thc Hertz
2
PE N
= 0,398.3 2 m2
R N
m bo chu mn: 3.10 9
m2

b) Bm pitton hng
trc:
Bm c pittng t // vi
trc ca rto v c
truyn c bng khp
hoc bng a nghing.
Ngoi u im nh ca
bm pittng hng tm,
cn c kch thc nh
gn hn, khi cng mt c
vi bm hng tm.
Bm pittng hng trc hu ht l iu chnh lu lng
c.
Trong cng nghip Qmin = 500 lt/pht.
p sut ln, lu lng nh, bm ch lm vic ch
khng lin tc, do kh nng lm ngui km v chng mn.
 1) Pitton
2) Rto
3) a nghing
4) L xo
5) Trc truyn ng
6) Vnh gp du

5 3 1 2 4 6 A B
Pitton lun t vo
h a nghing 3,
pitton c tnh tin
khi rto quay
to qu trnh tht

v nn
D

n
 Lu lng:
d
2
Q = Z. .h.n d 2
4 Q = Z .n. .D.tg
4
h = D.tg
Nh vy, ta thay i thay i lu lng.
Nhc im: nh Q pitton khng t xoay quanh trc
Khc phc: lm pitton xin trc (va hng knh, va hng trc)

1) Rto
2) Pitton
Thay 3) a nghing
i
4) L xo
5) ,6) tay quay
Bm pitton hng
trc c Rto t lch
vi trc truyn ng
Nu cng Q, bm pitton
hng knh cng knh
hn bm hng trc.
MqtHK > MqtHT (v xa tm
hn)
Mqt nh hpn khi
ng d ngta thng
dng c pitton hng
trc
Cc loi bm dng trong cng nghip.
 II) ng c
Nguyn l:

C du l mt c cu bin i nng lng, dng bin th

nng ca du thnh c nng
V ngtc kt cu ca ng c thu lc ging bm thu lc,
tt c cc loi bm du u c th lm ng c du v
ngc li.
Qu trnh bin i nng lng:
Du c p sut c a vo bung ctc ca C tc ng
truyn ln trc C.
Trc C quay bung ctc dch chuyn t ca nn ca ra
Th tch cc bung ctc ca ra y du ra.
So vi C in, C du c kthc, trng lng v mmen
qun tnh nh hn nhiu. C th thc hin truyn ng v
cp d dng.
 Tu thuc kt cu, C thu lc c th l C BR, cnh gt,
pitton, c kt cu tng t nh bm thu lc nn ch xt mt
vi c im ch yu ca C du.
C Brng t c dng v hiu sut qu thp

Mkng = 3 Mdanh ngha

ng c cnh gt: Q0 Qd
nd

Q = nb .qb = nd .qd eb M
ed

qb eb
nd = nb . or = nb . (Gi s b qua d g)
qd ed
3cch iu chnh s vng quay c: n, eb, e.
Khi dng Mln e
Khi vln eb
 p.Q
N= kW
60.1000
Cnh gt phi
N bung A
M x = 975. M = 0,0163. p.qd
nd
Q = nd .qd e
1

Cnh gt tri
bung A
M = M1 M 2 A

( 1 + r )
p

M 1 = (1 r ).B.
2
.p =
2
(
pB 2 2
. 1 r) 01
M2 M1

M 2 = ( 2 r ).B.
( 2 + r )
.p = (
pB 2 2
. 2 r )

r
2 2 B

R

2

M =
pB 2
2
(
. 1 22 )
e.Cos
R1
Do e nh 1 R + e.cos
01 e e.Sin
Tng t: 2 R + e.cos
Thay vo, b qua cc tha s nh:
M = p.B.R.e (cos - cos ) (Mmen xon khng u)
Mmax khi = 0, = s cnh chn

Mmax = 2.p.B.R.e = 0,0163 p.q

Thc nghim cho thy khng u mmen vi C c

s cnh gt l << C c s cnh gt chn Khng nn
lm C c s cnh chn
TH cn khi ng ti trng ln, eMx n (nn
iu chnh e C eMx)
 ng c cnh gt kp:
u im: cn bng u
Nhc im: khng chnh momen xon

(
M = pB R 2 r 2 )

r = 2
A B

R = 1
 d
Py
Px
ng c pitton: p
A P
a) C pitton hng knh:
01
0
B
Ti im tip xc gia pitton v vnh e
tm 0, xut hin lc php tuyn P (qua

tm 0). e.Cos R

P = P x + Py M = Px .
01 e e.Sin
0
Px = Py .tg d 2
Py = p. = pF
4
Tnh = ?
e R e
= sin = sin
sin sin R V e nh nn
e e e
Hay = arcsin sin sin tg sin
R R R
 R + e cos
Thay vo M mmen xon tc thi do mt pitton to nn:

M 1 = p.F . sin (R + e cos ) p.F .e. sin

e
(Do e2 b)
R
Mmen xon tng cng:
n
2
M = p.F .e. sin (i 1). du +

i =1 Z
n s pitton to p sut p (pha du a vo) (TH trn n = Z/2)
Mx thay i chu k theo s thayi v tr cc pitton trong
bung nn (Mx khng u).
V mmen qun tnh ln, nn ng c pittng dng cho TH
Mmen xon ln!
 ng c pitton:
b) C pitton hng trc: Kiu khi pitton quay

Kiu khi pitton c nh
x' 4 2 1
3 x x
x'
A 1. a dn du
B C y
A Py p P
5 2. Pitton
Px P Px
a nghing
r

B y
3.
D

4. Rto

5. Trc truyn
h ng
x'
x' x x

d 2
alpha

P = P x + Py ; Px = Py .tg ; Py = p. = pF
4
M 1 = Px . Mmen xon do 1 pitng; = r.sin - cnh tay n lc Px
n
2
M = p.F .tg .r sin + (i 1). - gc quay ca Rto
i =1 Z
 III) Xi lanh lc: (pitton xi lanh)
Xi lanh thy lc l c cu chp hnh ca truyn dn thy
lc thc hin chuyn ng thng (bin th nng du
c nng).
Xi lanh truyn lc c th phn lm 3 loi chnh (thng
dng):
Xi lanh truyn lc n gin
Xi lanh truyn lc vi sai
Xi lanh truyn lc cnh gt.
a) Xi lanh truyn lc n gin: (ta xt 2 PA)
Cn bn my di chuyn 1 khong L:
Bn my
PA 1: bn my c nh trn xi lanh,

d
pitton c nh pitton ch c chiu PA1
di = 2L.

D
Q Q
L/2 L L/2
 PA 2: bn my c nh trn pitton, xi lanh c nh pitton c
chiu di = 2L. thc hin c hnh trnh L, pitton phi di
chuyn v 2 pha vi KC = L/2 kch thc cng knh

PA2 Bn my
V d:

d
My mi dng PA 1
Cn cu dng PA 2

D
Q Q
L/2 L/2 L L/2 L/2
V1,V2 Vn tc theo
HT thun v ngc

V1 = V2 =
Q
F
; F=
4
( . D2 d 2 )
b) Xi lanh truyn lc vi sai:
Cn vn tc hnh trnh thun v nghch khc nhau (i chm,
v nhanh.
 Cn din tch lm vic ca pitton 2 bung xi lanh khc
nhau, F1 > F2. HT lm vic: Vnh, Pln; HT ch khng Vln,
Pnh.

Cng c 2 PA nh hnh v.
v2 v2
v1 v1
Bn my Bn my

F1
D

F2 2
d

L=2l 1 L=2l

2 1
 D
F1 F2 V2 V1

V d: PA xi lanh C: P
p1
p2

d
G
f

Q Q 4Q
V1 = = =
F1 D 2 D 2
4 p0 Tn hao p trn
Q Q 4Q ng vo
V2 = = =
(
F2 D 2 d 2) (
D2 d 2 )
4 Thng nh
Thy ngay V2 > V1 ndc

Tnhcng sut C in:

PTCB lc: p1 F1 = P + p2 F2 + Fms p1 = P + p2 F2 + Fms
F1
p0 .V1 p0 = p1 + p
N dc =
612b
 Khicn nhiu tc khc nhau hoc nng cao hnh trnh,
dng xi lanh lc nhiu bc. V d 3 tc : nhanh, TB, chm.

Nu cho du vo 1 V

4Q
V1 = 2 1

d0
d
d 0
Nu cho du vo 2

4Q
V2 =
(
D 2 d 02 ) 2

Nu cho du vo 1+2

4Q
V3 = Vn tc V1 > V2 > V3
D 2
 nng cao hnh trnh, ta dng xi lanh nhiu bc nh
Hv.

Du vo ca 1 3
y pitton 3 v 4 4
sang phi n gii
hn HT.
Nu HT ca mt xi
lanh l l KT nh
nht ca c cu:
Lmin = (z + 1).l 1 2
z s xi lanh di ng
(2 - 6)v lmax = 1500
mm
 c) Xi lanh truyn lc cnh gt:
L loi C du thc hin c vng i v khng lin tc.
C cu c tng i vi xi lanh l cnh gt lp trn trc.
1

Bn my
1) Xi lanh 4

2) Tm chn (lp c
D
trn xilanh 1)
n
3) Cnh gt
4) Trc quay (c th

d
quay qua li =
280 -3000) 2
Trc 4 c th lp
thm 1 s c cu 3 Q B
n c cu chp
hnh CCCH c
1 D d d B. p 2
th C thng hoc
quay khng lin
D d
M = .B. p. . + = (
D d2 )
2 2 2 2 2 2 8
tc.
 tng kn kht, c th dng kt cu: a
b

3
4
tng mmen xon ca xi
lanh truyn lc, ngta dng c

nhiu cnh gt (nh hv)

pc p/2
C Z cnh gt --. Mmen tng Z
ln, vn tc gc gim Z ln.

2 cnh gt
3 cnh gt
 P

d) Pitton tng lc:

p

P = p.(F1 + F2 )
F2

Q
F1 p
e) C cu gim chn cui hnh trnh

Vt chnh

Q Q

i chm i nhanh
 Chng IIi
C cu iu khin, iu chnh

I) C cu chnh p
1) Van an ton, van trn
2) Van gim p
3)
II) C cu chnh hng
1) Van mt chiu
2) Van o chiu
iu khin: mang tnh nh tnh: Tri phi
iu chnh: mang tnh nh lng: nhanh chm (chnh p, chnh
Q, chnh hng dng du)
I) C cu chnh p
1) Van an ton, van trn

Van an ton phng qu ti trong HTTL.

Khi van an ton gi p sut trong HT khng i van
trn.
S khc nhau ch van trn t ng iu chnh gi
p sut khng i, cn van an ton ch m dn du
ra khi HT khi qu ti.
Van trn lm vic thng xuyn hn ch n tnh
chng mn v kn kht.
Kt cu ging nhau, nn c th thay th nhau c.
K hiu ca van an ton v van trn c trnh by nh
hnh v:
 V = 2 5 m/s
Khi p > [p0] du (Q) qua
p0, Q
van trn v b (an ton).
Gi s cn Q = 40l/ph, p
Hoc
sut p
Bm c Q = 60 l/ph, p p
Ngun p, Q lun ln hn p,Q V = 1 2,5 m/s
s dng cho du chy v
b (an ton).
Van an ton cn kn kht, kt
cu chnh xc hn.
a) Van an ton bi

p < [p0] p > [p0]

iu kin vnh thng, Plx cn bng vi
p lc du:
Plx
D

d 2
Plx = . p0 d
4
d 2
Ta bit: Q= .Vdau p0, Q
4
Vdu t chn t 2 5 m/s

Q
d = 2. 2 = 900 - 1200 D
.Vdau
Tnh ng knh bi? 2

bi c nh v tt: D 1,3 d
u im: d ch to d

Nhc im: n, khng lm vic p cao c

b) Van an ton pitton
Khc phc nhc im ca van an
ton bi, ta dng van an ton pitton.

Ht qu ti Pl xo
pitton i xung du 4
1. Ca vo
qua l nh, t t m
2. L gim
Nhc im: khi p cao chn 0,8
v Q ln l xo 4 ln 7 1mm
tng KT chung van
6 3. Bung du

d 2 d 1 p0, Q 4. L xo
Plx = . p0 5. Pitton
4 5
6. Ca ra
p sut cn iu chnh: 3 p0 2
7. L tho
4 Plx
p0 = 2 ch ph thuc vo Plx
du d
d bung trn
 c) Van an ton bi - pitton
Loi van c hiu u im, l t hp ca 2 loi trn (lm
vic rt m)

Bnh thng pA = pB
Khi qu ti, pA, v l gim chn
nh, pB cha ln kp pitton , l C
Plx1
xo 2 b nn li du qua ca s 2
v b.
Sau t th pB = pA ( tr s ln hn) Plx2

>[p0], du qua ca 1 v b.
Ht qu ti, pA, pB cha gim kp, 1

bi xung t t. p0, Q
B
L xo 2 mm, ch thng lc ma
st ca pitton A

iu chnh p = l xo 1 L gim chn

2
 c tnh quan trng nht ca van trn l s thay i p
sut iu chnh khi thay i lu lng Q.
S thay i ny cng t, van lm vic cng tt

p(bar) Van bi
T th ta thy van trn t
hp bi pitton c ng
c tnh tt nht (c sd Van bi + pitton
nhiu).
ng c tnh ca van bi Van pitton
l xu nht.

Q(l/ph)
 3) Van cn
Nhim v gim vn tc chuyn ng ca c cu chp
hnh ti v tr cui hnh trnh hay bt u hnh trnh
CCCH cng vng, an ton khng b rung ng.

Lp ca ra ca xi lanh p1 p2
plx
p sut ca ra c th iu

chnh c:
p2
d 2
4 Plx
p2 . = Plx p2 = 2 d
4 d p2

K hiu:
F
P

T Sch H thng du p trong my ct kim loi

 2) Van gim p

Khi cn cung cp cht lng t ngun

(bm) cho mt s c cu chp hnh
c nhng yu cu khc nhau v p
2 1
sut.
Khi phi cho bm lm vic vi p

sut ln nht v dng van gim p plx

t trc c cu chp hnh gim

p1
p sut n mt tr s cn thit.
p2
p2 < p1 d
p2
d 2
4 Plx
p2 . = Plx p2 = a
4 d 2 F

Plx p2
 p1 Hoc
K hiu:
Kt cu n gin, thch hp vi p
p2
nh.
Gim chn km sinh chn
ng.
Van gim p c pitton vi sai (pitton c bc):
3

p2 < p1 do lu lng thay i. 9

11
Plx p2 10
6 7
p2 (4), qua l tit lu (5) (6) p2
8
p2 l ti lu gim chn (7) (8) p1 2
1
Bthng, p2 khng thay i trong gi
tr c iu chnh 9 ng
cht, (10) cn bng 2 pha 5

4
 p2 (9)m , qua (11) b
pb4 > pb6 (do l gim chn 5) pitton i ln gim tit din
chy ca 1 p2li

u im: m v nhy
c th n nh c p
Nhc im: ch to phc tp (gc pitton c
l, bc)
Khc phc: ngta ch to loi van c kt
cu n gin hn, nhng cc c tnh cng p1
gn ging vi van pitton vi sai p2
 II) C cu chnh lu lng
iu chhh lu lng qua n iu chnh vn tc ca
c cu chp hnh (vi bm c Q c nh)

1) Van tit lu
iu chnh lu lng dng chy, tc l iu chnh vn tc hoc
thi gian chy ca c cu chp hnh
Thay i Q thay i p v v
tit din chy Ax.
Nu m bo p = const V
F
=const.
p2 p1
Van tit lu khng m bo Plx

c k V = const Ax

Q2 = F .V
Q2 p3
Lu lng qua khe h Ax theo
cg thc Torixelli:
 2g
Q2 = . Ax . . p2 p3 Q2 = c . Ax . p

2g N N m3
Vi c= = const 3 ; p 2 Q
m m s
- h s thot du, ph thuc hnh dng tit din chy.
Vn tc ca pitton: c . Ax . p
V=
F
C th phn thnh 2 loi p
chnh: van tin lu iu p1 p2 4

chnh dc trc v quanh qv

3
trc:
2
p
1

q
Chnh lch p v lu lng qua tit din
 p1 p2

p1
p2

iu khin dc trc Ax thay i

p2 Dn du t ngoi Dn du t trong
p1 p2

p1

iu khin quanh trc Ax thay i

 K hiu:
Van tit lu c lu lng c nh.
Van c th iu chnh lu lng

2) B n tc
Trong nhng c cu chp hnh cn chuyn ng m, chnh
xc cao
Nhng nguyn nhn gy ra s khng n nh chuyn ng, nh
ti trng thay i, n hi ca du, r du cng nh s
thay i nhit , thiu st v kt cu nh cc c cu iu khin
ch to khng chnh xc .v.v...
B n tc m bo hiu p khng i khi gim p m bo 1
Q khng i qua van vn tc CCCH gn nh khng i.
B n tc l van ghp: van gim p + van tit lu
Thng c lp ng du vo hoc ca CCCH (PA lp trn
ng du ra tt hn).
 K hiu: p2
p1
Xt 2 PA lp b n tc:
a) Lp trn ng du vo

D
F1 F2 V
p1.F1 = p2 .F2 + P + Fms
P
p1

p2 .F2 + P + Fms p2

p1 =

d
G
f
F1
CAx p0 p1
V=
F1
Mun V = Const p const
p0 = const
 p1
p = p0 p1
p0

p0 p1 Plx

p0

D
D 2 D 2
. p0/ = Plx + . p1
4 4
D 2
( )
p0
. p p1 = Plx
/
0 B ngun
4 p1 pitton b
y li khe h
4 Plx p (bar) p = const
p = = const X p0 p0
D 2 p'0
p1

p
p2

p2 .F2 + P + Fms
p1 =
V P (N)
V = const

F1
P (N)
 D
F1 F2 V

b) Lp trn ng du ra P
p1
p2

d
G
f
2

p2

p2 p3
Plx

p2
p0 .F1 + P + Fms
p3 p2 =
F2
D 2 D 2
. p2/ = Plx + . p3 ( p2/ p3 ) = 4.Plx = const
4 4 D 2
 Thy 2 s ging nhau v mt ngha, khng ph thuc
ti trng

B n tc t ng vo
u im:
Xi lanh th lm vic theo p sut yu cu.
C th iu chnh lng vn tc nh.
Nhc im:
Phi t van cn ng du v.

Nng lng khng dng chuyn thnh nhit trong qu

trnh tit lu.
B n tc t ng ra

u im:
- Xi lanh th lm vic c vi vn tc nh
v ti trng ln.
- C th iu chnh lng vn tc nh.

- Khng phi t van cn ng du v

- Nhit sinh ra s v b du.

Nhc im:
- Lc ma st ca xi lanh ln.

- Van trn phi lm vic lin tc.

 III) C cu chnh hng (ca dng du)
iu khin ng m hoc ni lin, ngn cch cc
ng dn du v cc b phn ca h thng.

1) Van mt chiu
Cho cht lng i theo 1 chiu.
c t cc v tr khc nhau tu theo mc ch.
Tn tht p qua van p 1 bar
D

F1 F2 V

P
p1
p2
d

G d
f
p
Nguyn l kt cu van
Van 1 chiu c cn 1 chiu bi v k hiu
lm vic m
d 2
p. = Plx
4
 Vctac
V d:
Vnhanh
S dng van 1 chiu trong s p
G
ngc

p
F
- Khi cha c ti, do
Q1 >> Q2 p2 Q1 2/2 Q2
cha ln V2
V1
khng lm tng p1.
- Tnh p sut p1, khi
Q = Q1+Q2
(ngoi lc ch tnh
Q1, p1
n G) p1 b Q2, p2

-Khi c ti (p), p2 iu khin van gim Q1 ln p2 ln

ti du v b, ng thi p2 tc ng van Q2 b
V1, ko cho du t bm 1 ln ch c bm 2 Van an ton c th lp trn
tnh p2 (vi Q2) hoc di van 1 chiu (ch
p dng cho bn ny)
 Q1 + Q2 Q2
Vnhanh = Vctac =
F F
Bi tp: Sdng s trn
Vnhanh = 3m/ph; Vp = 0,5 m/ph; D = 200mm, P = 20tn, G
= 500 KG; bm = 0,85
? Tnh chn 2 bm, tnh chn ng c in
Ch : vi s ny, nu dng van gim ti nh trn, c ch cn
chn theo cng sut ln nht ca 1 bm (CS ln nht)
Nu dng van an ton thng th tnh cng sut ng c
bng tng SC 2 bm (do khi p2 ln th bm 1 vn phi bm
thng van an ton x du (lc cng tc))
 2) Van o chiu
Nhim v l ng, m cc ng dn khi ng cc c cu
bin i nng lng, dng o chiu cc chuyn ng ca
c cu chp hnh.

S v tr: l s nh v con trt ca van. Thng thng van o

chiu c 2 hoc 3 v tr. Trong nhng trng hp c bit s v
tr c th nhiu hn.
a 0 b a b
V tr khng l VT khi van cha c tng tn hiu vo. Van
3VT, 0 gia, van 2V, 0 c th l a hacb (thng l bn
phi)
S ca: l s l dn du vo hay ra. S ca ca van o
chiu thng l 2, 3 v 4. Trong nhng trng hp c bit s
ca c th nhiu hn.
Ca van k hiu theo ISO 5599 hoc DIN:
 V d: ISO 5599 DIN
Ca ni ngun 1 P
(t b lc)
Ca ni lvic 2,4,6 A,B,C,..

D
F1 F2 V2 V1
Ca x 3,5,7, R,S,T,..
a 0 b P
p1 Ca ni TH 12,14, X,Y,
p2 khin

d
G
A(2) B(4) f

Van 5/3: 5 ca, 3 v tr

R(3) P(1) a 0 b
T(5)

p0
P(1) ni ngun
A(2), B(4) ni c cu
R(3), T(5) V b
Trng hp cn phanh tc thi cho du v 2 pha:
A B

k = in t L xo: kh t my, n a
con trt v v tr gia

iu khin bng thu lc iu khin bng kh nn

Khi con trt VT ny, ta
c th ko pitton t do (s
trn)

VT gia, du v b Dn kh ra ngoi
K hiu cc ca ca ni ca van o chiu
4(B) 2(A)
Ca ni iu khin 14 (Z) 0 1 12 (Y) Ca ni iu khin
Ca 1 ni vi ca 4 Ca 1 ni vi ca 2
Ca x kh c mi 3(R) Ca x kh khng c mi ni
5(S) 1(P)
ni cho ng dn cho ng dn

Ni vi ngun kh nn
n n ng dn

0 1
1 0 2

m m
a. Van o chiu 3/2 b. Van o chiu 4/3
S v tr
S ca

K hiu v tn gi van o chiu

 Van o chiu 2/2
Cch gi v k hiu mt s
van o chiu Van o chiu 4/2

Tc ng tn hiu Van o chiu 5/2

Van o chiu 5/4

Nng Lnh
3/4
a. Tc ng bng tay

K hiu nt nhn tng qut

Nt bm
Tay gt

Bn p

b. Tc ng bng c

u d

C chn bng con ln, tc ng 2 chiu

C chn bng con ln, tc ng 1 chiu

L xo

Nt nhn c rnh nh v
c. Tc ng bng kh nn

Trc tip bng dng kh nn vo

Trc tip bng dng kh nn ra

Trc tip bng dng kh nn vo vi ng knh 2
u nng van khc nhau
Gin tip bng dng kh nn vo qua van ph tr

Gin tip bng dng kh nn ra qua van ph tr

d. Tc ng bng nam chm in

Trc tip

Bng nam chm in v van ph tr

Tc ng theo cc hng dn c th
V a n 2 /2
V a n 3 /2 :
V a n 4 /2 :
 The 4/3 open
center valve
V a n 4 /3 :
V tr gia

V d: HT TL s dng 2 van
o chiu iu khin 2 xi lanh.
Van 4/3 v tr trung gian,
pitton ca xi lanh B c th t
do di chuyn.
The close center valve

Khi con trt v tr gia, pitton s dng li v c nh v tr ang lm vic

 Vi s trn, 3 xilanh
pitton c th hot ng c
lp t cng mt ngun cp.
Khi c van v tr gia
du s qua van trn v b
nguyn nhn lm tng
nhit du

gim s tng nhit

du, ngi ta lp thm van
thng m 2/2 ca ra
(nh hnh v)
Tuy nhin, v tr trung gian
ny, du c th b d g t ca
P A,B. y l nguyn nhn
lm cho pitton s dch chuyn
khi v tr (hnh v)
The 4/3 Tandem center
valve

v tr gia, du qua
van (t ca P T) v
b
Vi s ny, 1 ca T ni vi
cc ca P khc nhau khi cc
van v tr gia.
Vi s sp xp ny cc cp
pitton xi lanh c th hot
ng rin l hoc cng nhau
 Gt v vp
Van sc v
Ax
(Van t l)

Ta bit: Q = CA p
x
Khi Ax thay i Q thay
i (thay cho van tit lu)
Van sc v = van tit lu +
van chnh hng
V d: van iu khin in
kh thu lc (van sc v 5/3)

in t k kh
nn,kh nn k van
van iu khin in kh thu lc
 p0 p

h
L chn
Dng in i

pknn = const pknn = const h 3 p

Q= . .
6 ln R
h0 h0 r
Vi phun
pa h0 - x n+ pb

Dng in i = 0 (cha c th vo) pa = pb 92 bn fun nh nhau), coi

nh khng quay,n =0
Khi i <> 0 pa <> pb v n <> 0 (dng i quyt nhkhe h trn van)
 V d:

D
D
F1 F2 F2 F1

Xy dng s p1 p1
HTTL my p song p2 p2

d
ng ngang (2 xi
lanh i nhau.
Trong s s
dng b n tc trn
ng du ra.
Khi cho cc thng
s tnh chn
c cc bm,
cng sut c, tnh
van an ton,
 Chng IV
iu chnh v n nh vn tc

I) iu chnh bng tit lu

II) iu chnh bng th tch

iu chnh vn tc quay hoc thng ca CCCH bng vic thay

i lu lng qua n:
Thay i sc cn trn ng dn du bng van tit lu
iu chnh bng tit lu.
Thay i ch lm vic ca bm du iu chnh lu
lng ca bm iu chnh bng th tch
Mc ch: Q = const Q Q
V = ; ndc = = const
F qd
 I) iu chnh bng tit lu

Bm c Q khng i thayi Ax thay i hiu p ca

du thay i lu lng dn n CCCH m bo vn tc
CCCH nht nh.
Tu thuc v tr lp van tit lu:

iu chnh bng tit lu ng vo

iu chnh bng tit lu ng ra.

B n tc = van gim p + van tit lu

p1 p2

Q = CAx p = const
Ax tit din Ax
iu chnh n nh tc trn ng ra

D
F1 F2 V2 V1

P
p1
p2

d
G
f
 iu chnh n nh tc trn ng vo

D
F1 F2 V2 V1

Nhn xt: S lp b n P
p1

tc trn ng du ra tt hn p2

d
G
v: f

-Cng ngh n gin

p 0,3-0,5 bar
-Du chy v c V nh, gim
s tng t0 p = p0 p1 p = 1 bar
= 5-6 bar
-Khng cn van cn trn
ng v

-S dng cng sut hp l p0

hn (du c p cao c a
thng vo bung lm vic).
 II) iu chnh bng th tch

Gim c s tng nhit du, tng hiu sut

a vo HT 1 lu lng du cn thit m bo 1 vn tc

nht nh.
Nu b qua tn tht th tch v c kh ton b nng

lngdo bm to ra bin thnh cng c ch.

C th dng bm pitton hoc cnh gt c th thay i lu

lng.

Sau y ta xt mt s iu chnh bng th tch kt hp

vi tit lu ng du vo:
 Stato c th dch chuyn. Rto c
tm c nh

D
V2 V1

Khi dch chuyn Stato: P

P = k.p0 vi k ph thuc kt cu bm

d
G

(1)
f
PTCB:
p1 F1 + Plx = p0 F2 + kp0
p1
2g
Q = CAx p = . Ax p0 p1 Q = const
Ax
2 p0
Q
p1 = p0 F1 F2 P
CAx
2
Q Plx
(1) p0 (F1 F2 ) + F1 kp0 Plx = 0 e
CAx
Plx
Nu chn (F1 - F2) = k Q = CAx Nu Plx =const Q = const
F1
 Chng V
ng b lm vic ca nhiu c
cu chp hnh thu lc
P

ng b:
Cng pha (cng vo, cng ra)
Ngc pha cn du vo y (do c G)
Khng
p p
F F
1. ng b bng c kh
Cng pha PA ny kn kht hn
I
I II

Ngc pha
II
 2. ng tc bng tit lu
tit lu trn ng du ra, c i v v.

D
F1 F2 F2 F1

C i v v p1 p1
p2 p2
u c iu

d
chnh bng van tit VT1 VT2 VT1
VT2
lu t trn ng
V1 V2 V1
ra V2
 iu chnh bng bm

Lin h ngc CK

Q/2 Q/2

Khi ti lch con trt s trt chnh khe h

thay i lu lng.
Con trt
TH khng c thanh gia: cn bn my nng hn
to ra ti trng gi
Q
Lin h ngc in
F1 y,v V1 V2 y,v
F2

Cm bin
tc , v tr
C C

p Q1 Q2 p

N1 N1
B so
i2
N2 snh i2
N2
i1 i1

C N1 theo N1 hoc N2 theo N2

Lin h ngc in: van sc v + lin h ngc c cu sc v
Q Q
V1 = = V2 = C V1 = V2 - o tc qua Q
F1 F2
L tng: F1 = F2 cng lu lng Q
F1<>F2 khng cng Q chnh 2 Q rt kh
 Chng VI
Cc phn t c bn trong iu
khin bng kh nn
H thng thit b phn phi kh nn c nhim v chuyn khng
kh nn t my nn kh n khu cui cng s dng: ng c
kh nn, my p dng khng kh nn, my nng dng khng kh
nn, my rung dng khng kh nn, dng c cm tay dng
khng kh nn v h thng iu khin bng khng kh nn (c
cu chp hnh, cc phn t iu khin...).
Truyn ti khng kh nn c thc hin bng h thng ng dn
kh nn, cn phn bit y mng ng ng c lp rp c
nh (nh trong nh my) v mng ng ng lp rp trong
tng thit b, trong tng my
 nghing ng ng 1-2%

Bnh trch Thit b lc

cha trung gian
Bnh trch
cha chnh

My nn kh
Bnh trch cha
Bnh ngng cho thit b, my
t hi nc

Van x nc

H thng thit b phn phi kh nn