© the filter must be reassembled. In addition there are a number of associated tasks which in total require a special work force for a middle sized brewery. The disadvantages of the mass filter are: high manual cost for filter regeneration, @ high energy requirements for the mass wa hing, ‘@ large water requirement for the mass washing, too small filter surface and filter capacity, Nevertheless, the mass filter still has not completely died out, for attention has to be drawn to the fact that in the Coors Brewery in the largest brewery in the world in Golden /Colorado, the 23.2 million hl of beer (1965) which are produced there are still today filtered by means of an (Enzinger) mass filter and will continue to be so. 4.5.2.2 Powder filters Powder filters are filters in which filtration is performed by a filter aid - usually kieselgubr or perlite - which is coated onto the filter. Precoating is necessary because the particles of the filter aid used for continuous dosing are too small to be held back by the filter itself. Consequently with powder filters a distinction must be made between © precoating of the filter layer and © filtration. 4.5.2.2.) Precoating 4.5.2.2.11 Basic prince Kieselguhr filtration is performed using fine wire mesh, with a mesh gap of 70 to 100 jum, or other fine pore filters, which, however, all ha much greater hole size than the 2 to 4 um parti cles of small diatoms. Ifthe guhr was only dosed into the beer it would pass unhindered through the mesh and the beer would become even more turbid than it was before. 460 4.5.2.2.1.2 Initial coating and contin dosing Ta obtain a perfect filtration effect « fiterg is applied in three coating layers » Base, primary or precoat layer Degassed water or filtered beer containing concentrated suspension of coarse gue ig gp culated at an overpressure of 2 to 3 through the filler. A pressure stable layer is thereby built up which will ppg the finest filter aid from entering the fig This primary layer forms the most impos ‘element for the further building up of the and for filtration itself. The particles of primary layer support each other and jp cach other from flowing any further (F 4.69). + For the primary coating about 700 to gg g/m is used; this is about 70% of that used the total precoat, » Second precoat or safety lay This ensures that even the first filtrate a precoating runs clear. This layer is again lied with degassed water or filtered beer, finer more effective kieselguhr mi used for it, so that the haze materials are ned and blocking of the filter is prevent is very important to have a completely uf form distribution of the precoat over the ent re filter surface. Thinner regions or edi the precoat cause unevenness in flow and po sibly also allow haze to pass through. + The total precoat contains about 1000 and is 1.5 to 3 mm thick. The coating takes about 10 to 15 min. » Continuous dosing. This serves mainly maintain the permeability of the precoat the changeover to filtration with a con volume flowrate, The constant {low necessary since with pressure surges of M0 irregularities the bridges formed on the st or candles may be broken throug! and