PY Al (0 1 [ong A.X. XOXAPUH, A.M. IOP CTAMbHbIE TPYBONPOBODbI mUyilreyc yg = ques ornTPEAMCHAOBKME Gramune nanopmse tpySonposoan oro- cartes. K OONOBHLIM coopy:KeliaM tusposmeKTpo- cranumi, B pune cvo0onio yaoxenHbx, saci TlaHHEIX, sa\enanHEIx B rOpHOH moposle un 8 Ge~ TOHHOM MaccuBe KOUCTPYKWEH OHH MPOKO. AupyiouWx saeKTpocTanMMax B eBpor ‘pacnpoctpavent Ha cpette- 4 BAICOKOMaNOpHIsx wacTH cTpaws GoxbuIe paspurHe “MOAy “Tuprposuepremmeckix ycratonKax. (Crampmue cTaaekkexes0Geronmne tpyOonponoau, Bi apyOonponoAul TakGKe TloBceMecTHO sienoabsyloT~ | pHLIe TigXpoyssIn SHepTeTitveckoro iH eH Ha HAcocHIx CraNNuaxX OpocireNbHbX cH: CTEM, BORONPOBOMOB, chcrem ‘TeXitHYECKOTO BO- “RocuaGems TC Hw mpyrHx “MpombulinensEx 5 06nextos.) Shige 38 29 Diss « Tipentinymee arsanne xara Seep 3 or ranpoomexrpocranmitis (aso: cers eres ee * . Opelimucta) Bun0 B ceet 1973 Tr, 8a stot MepHion mponsoman cymecrsenuse 13- “1 COOpyACHHA KPYNIUBX BEICOKOHANOpHUX BOAO" noon, Ha ockone pasioo6pacinx teoperiine= CKHX HH SKCHepHMeNTamNBIX HceHeAONAM Ha Mpsoxenuo-eopmuponaxioro coctomius ¢hiaH- MeBEX cOemiHen, 714308, KOMMencaTopos, ‘OnopuNx Kone, PasseToteHih, OTRPHTHX KO" ‘en paspaGoTaun conpemenube meToRUKH pac- ‘MeHeHHH B TEOPUN H NpaKTHKe TpoekTuposanna { ueTa, OcHOBaHHie Ha HenoTb30BauIM B mepBy!O onepens oueKrpounio-sNuHcanTenbHoH TexHHKH, Buexens 8 Aelicrame HoBKIe HOPMHt MpoeKTsipo- Baxia TpyOonpoponos BCex TuNOB, ycoRepmeH- ‘eTBORAHO Npoexrmposase TpyGompoporoB, 32- Jenamubix B TYHHeAAX, u paspadoTaist cooTser- ‘erayiommie pykonoamine Matepuas. Cosqan- BIE MeTAAYPTHYECKO! poMbIMseHHOCTbIO HO- Be Tam HcHOMylorca B tpyonponogo- erpoenun. Crpourenscrso xpymunix cospéMenusx rua- POSHEPreTHYeCKHX YeTaHOBOK, OCoGeHHO & Top BX pallouax, H Poct exuHNYNBX momLocTeR ctannuh norpeGosasn coszaxus tpyGonponozos, Paccsuransnix Ha mponycx Gompulux pacxonos BOM H OMHONPEMEHO BHEpAHBAIOMLNX BbICO- Koe Buyrpemee jlapenue. Kouctpykuist taKoro TpyGonponora AOMKHA OGAaNaTh BBICOKOK ma- HednocrsI0, a ero coopyakesHe B CATHIE CPOKIK TpeOyer nepexonofl opranusani u TexHomorHH mpousnogerea paGor, oGecneummaomlix BBICO- KYlo MpowsnogureabHocTs Tpyqa mpm xopomem Kauectae, Tip mpoextuposaniim u erponests- cree tpyGonponosion naxiefiel sanavel aB- AseTen 3KOHOMMA RedNMNTHOT TOACTOAUCTOROTO ocoGeHHO 3 BHICOKOKayecTBeHHEIX ‘mpoxara, raed. Ha xpyanelimux » mupe cuOupexax 1 SaeKTpocranmMaX H CTpOAIxCR THAPOAKKYD TeKCHOTO HasuayeHHs, CoopyacaemHe A TO; Pafionax Cpeaneh Asm n Kaxagay “K XUGHM YHUKanbHHe TYAHeALHBIe BONO i 0601041 KO sdamenpom 4—IT yi, % VOpranusaniaya Muasnepro u Munson CCCP, x1 w mepayio cuepenb Bcecoiosioro -€ta Tunpomonrax, moayuen nopiti 6c és AIpOcKTUpoBayiva wt crponresticrsa 5 tpyOonpoBonon na HypeKoKol, J ci ‘Tarencolt, ~ Murypcxoi, — UupKe "Beli i, Caano-Ilymencxol TOC, wa wac “ctanumsx Komcomonscxoi opocutensuoit uierestiz, Bosbuioro Cranponomsoxoro # AMy— “GyxapeKoro Kananos u pyrux oGpeKrax, Buc © BpeHo Moro woBLx pemennh no Mexamiaaina © CGopouiio-cpapounssx paGor, ocobeHHO 110 won ‘Taxy TpyGonposonos B noxsemHx wsipaGor ‘Kax, Oooeiit Hopsie sucoxonpoumme cram. 1 BHCOKOMPOHSBOnHTeTbUBIe cnocoOH cBapKH. Cy- MecrBemtomy mepecmorpy monnepraercs tpasit- AIMOHHAs TeXHOMOrHNeCKaR cxeMa wsroTOBIENIS ‘HeraGaputusix TpyGompososos, ocobeHHo B eBA- 3H c HODMIMH satagamH To coopyakeHio TPY6O- poses maa Saropoxoi u apyrux TASC, aan Poryucxoi TOC, Yeasauune usmenenus ompenemisn weoOxo- ZuMocts NOMOTOBKH HOBOrO (TpeTbero) Waa iia xwnrn, To cpasnenmo ¢ npeasinyunm 13- Rauuent, KoTopoe B cade BpeMA Guo C YROB.NE- TBOPCHHeM BCTpeNeHO —_HAY4HO-TexHuNECKOH obitectBenHOcTEIO', HOBO H3qaHHe cymecTBeH- Ho mepepadorano u gonoaHeno. Tax, nomnocrsio oGHoBeHE pasqensi, cocranmeiune B MpenuAy- mux usianusx H. B. Kannreprow 1 kacaionmue- cA Harpysox m pacuera nposuocrm sactimanuBx tpySomposonos, pacuera yeroiiumaoctn cxo6ox- Ho xexamx tpyGonposozon, npockraposanna KaTKOBHX ONOpHBIX yerpoiicrs, sarayuiex, reo- 1 Oran gure . Tlockoasxy 1a acex suementon tpyGonpoxonon -padaerarenun oramiaiores sauGoabutell cox HOCTHIO H MHOTbOOpasiieM KoucTpysuMil, aBTO- PH Colla WeNecoOOPAsiLEIM MaTb TO HEM HeKO- Toptii icropHueckiii OG30p passurHa KONCTPYK- qHantix peienni. Bi, 10 wanGonee cymecrsenuo mepepado- Yai atepuan, nocanmenusi dvanyesiim co- ‘enmiibuina a saraywean. < Bora, 11 Onpaxen compemenst nepenooit Hpousnoncrseinpi onsir no nsToTOBAEHHO, MONTaKy i MpeanyckoouM ruapaBaMyecKAM HOMBITAHMbiM KPyNNLIx tpyGonposoAOB, B yacT- HOCTH, SanedaiHux p TyHHenAX. Ocnelmenst BO- Mpochi npeiaxa, GerouMponauis, MemeHranus. Hapany c orevecrsenuof mpaxtuxoit mpoex- uiponawus i usrorosaenun —TpyGomposogos b Kiuire OTpaxen AOCTAMKeHUR BeYULX Sapy- Gexusx dupm, pa6oraouux B sto o6nacTH THApOTeXiHKiE, Yaurisas noaoxuTembEMi omur nenom30- Baulia AByX npemMAyUUIX HaNANMi KUUTH B KA wecTse pyKoBoscrsa NO MpoexTHpOBaHtHLIO. 110- 2kenaiiua, vbicKasaHHBe cllemianueraMy, B ua- erosuteM 1isqanuN aBTOpH mplBoRaT npumepst pacueta cBO6onHo xexaulero uM sanesaHHoro B ropuiofi nopoxe Tpyonposogos. B xamre npumeena Mexaysapoanan cucre- Ma (CH) emtann duswieckux seanuii, TaGan- Ma coomuomenni mexay enmmmann CH 1 neKo- TOPHX jpyrHX cucTeM. AaHa B npHaoKeHN B KOHKE KiNirH. Apropom tu. 9 spasetes Kaw. TexH. HayK ALM. Illop. Hiw xe wanucans § 82 x 10.7, a Tawxe uacrn § 11.4, kacaiommecs Baytpenmix Packpenmenuf, orBepermit jag weMenratwn, 1 "acTh mpumepop pacuera. [ A. X. Xoxapuit | _apaserea asropom § 1.1, 14, 1.6, 18, 7.1, 74, ~8.1, 10.6, a TaKKe ero MatepHasiM HchonD30Ra~ “shy yactimmo s § 4.2, 5.2, 6.1 1 113. B xnnre _TaWe HeHombsoRANA TeKct B § 10.1, 10.2, 10.5, 114 1 nexoropne uamocrpamun Bra. 1, 7, 8 ¥ 10, nosroronaenuse peraxtopom nepporo n32a- iin [A73.Xasanonol |. Bee ocraapusie pas- “fens wanncanet Kang. rexu. nayx’ A. P. Opeli- SuheroM, KoropEih TacKe stmomin Gute pe- “Raxriiposae wactosulero nazatiun KEuTH. ©") Kunra paccwmrana ua mmxenepuo-rexunse- Ckix 1m wayunux padoriKos, saluMaiomixen “mpoektuposanuem, ucenexonannes, erpourests- “CTBOM M aKciayaTanuel crambubX ‘TpyGonpono- Mop rulposmextpuseckux H HACOCHHX craNunit. Onnaxo yauriwas, so xunra TaKKe MoxeT cAYKUTh yueOubM Hoco6uem Maa crysenToR cheumasuauposannnx daxysibTeToB BysOB H TeX- AutiKyMOB, aBTOpsI MOMeMaioT B Hell HeKOTOpHE ‘cventenita o6mero xapaxrepa. B wosom usqanun yyreus pexomedauinn ‘enlensaiuetos m mpenogararezel nyzos (MUCH, “MIMH), uicnomaonanmnx npensinyuyee wana- Hie KHUTH B YHeOHOM mpouecce. Aprops fipistareasHit -KaNAHAaTaM Text. siayk B. ©. Mpocraxy 1 B. ©. Harommny, xawa ¢pus.-mar. nayk ©. M. Crolickomy, mikenepam B.®. Paxmanony, I. M4. Ulreiinuaiiry, B. A. Tep- Maly H Jipyrim ToBapMinam no paGoTe 3a mone3- Hse cOneT MH MpeocrapmenHne maTepHa.tl Muoro nonesuuix samevanuii no pyKonucn cae- aaa nua, f. H. Betyxsoncxnit, KoTopomy apro- ptt rayGoKo Gaaronapitbi. Samenamis u moxenaNis MO KHUTe NpocbOa aanpasast» 8 Sueprousqat mo ampecy: 113114 Mocxsa M-114, Ilo308aq na6., | A. P, @petuuer, A, M. WopMPMHATBIE OCHOBHBIE OBOSHAYEHMS | Axcxm, seerayouse 2 TpyGompomox nspex- ‘eanto er0 O°; © be—Rmuta eaGuma caminiosoro _Kowmencaropa; ¢— onbpmamern nepexona oT ocvom x npons- ; osm conporieaenian warepio7a; De —xapyxcish soawerp spyGonpon0%a: Fy rou Pie co ty ccraynouran Do; Fes —mromazs aenepostoro ces ‘Fe nsowayo conepentoro Cex Konsta(xecT ‘oer, onopn0r0); PixFy—T0 Ke ¢ OCaDnCHHEM saga ‘o6ononat 1a ee, orpemmetod Aosta ren KombIta;, er p.1f0— nouns 1 nomen apr pensar c- sein nonsua (€ yserow mpcoemeoro n0- era aba; j—vostiguuuenrTpexa npn nepewewtet 7p)- ¢ onpovona wo upowexyrowiOh ovope 12H 0 royiny: xoopppuument spexix n cambuuonoM Kose carope; ‘= yexopetie ewoGontoro nanemea frp nec 1M jms weraatoxoHerpyicniat *py6o- snposoas ge—ace aoaw eI Maas pySonposona; ‘fo—see spyura sectmen, mpixoasunufion wa 1m sxamct -xpyGonposoaa; Hy—pacverusih (ruapoumanmecsaii) wanop hterpe pascaarpusaenoro ceveinin rpyGonpo- ona; Hex —vuxpocranwccxni wanop B uewnpe pacewar- preaeworo corer; AH ¢p—norep wanopa ua rpenne; hy Soe Alfa — mectinwe worepit Hangpa; ee : © Le, Ly noctosnst He —xonoamnreatmati cefieasseciani wanop; be ee he | R*—xopwatisioe conporamaeine " marepnana; © R —onopwas ‘peasuaix (up spaciere “xpyOonponona ‘aK sepaspesiof 6.1 ee aes eae y—yaemsuuh pee noms; ‘Yo— Yutemicuil sec acarepuans Tpy6rs; ‘You yaembutili nec wacram (ckenera) rpywra sachinK ‘Ya—yaeabuul nec rpyxra sacsnKit; ‘Yer —Yaeauisil: nee exambitoro rpynta; 8—romuma oon rpySonpon A—pactermu sas0p Mexty OGonouKo# sazesan- toro xpyGouposoxa x oxpyxatomef cpexof #—somtut wenrpanuit yron kozeda; fo yron exoca oGeratias Kone; 6—yraonag. xoopamiara Touks @ nonepesoM ce: ‘temic tpyGonposora, oTexHTKEaeMaR oT BepX- sero paniyea; i —xoafipinsiezr Myaccona crann ie —10 26 Gerona Hex —10 26 examioh doponw; | lo 70 xe TpYRTA. SACU ‘NenApYmenmOn expyx- TYP; 4PABA MEPBAS OBLIME CBEAEHKA © HATOPHBIX TPYBONPOBOAAX 4.1. HASHAMEHHE HAMOPHLIX TPYEONPOBOAOB Bononoms, BeinonNenHse 13 Tpy6 Kpyraoro monepewnoro cevenus, Hasneaior TpyGonpo- pomams, Hanopame tpy6onponoan Hapaay © tyune- JAMA HW KaHanaM sBAsIOTeR OAKUM 13 HaNGomee Pacnpocrpaennsix THB noxOMpOnoAAMX FHA [POTeXRHYeCKRX cOOpyaeuHi (BoX0B010B) rHAPO- Puc. 1.1. Typ6umuat rpy6onposon nitcoxoranopriol repr gaiuioxwof, TSC, pacverand uanop Hp=380 x, xnamerp D=3.2=27 m. saextpHuecknx crauuutf, ocoGenHo a rHApo- SHepretuyeckux yeraHoBKax cpequero M BECO Koro anopos. ~" Ha scex riaposaexrpocranunax ‘ssicoxoro Hanopa u Ha MHOTHX ruaposnextpocranmuAX cpeaHero Hanopa Aa momvoRa BOK K TypOH- Ham Henoabayior TpyGonpoBoL, KOTOpMe 8 3TOM caysae nasuipaor TypOnHAH MH (Duc. 1.1). : dae : dcadoene-mennape EL Rapnanl a L a Cal Nee! | mH Puc. 1.2. Typ6imiteh xpyGonposoa, mpozomenmafl 8 Tene Geromioi nacre, D=70 u, Hy 130,5 ¥. popepas xp¥60 mtgvanru ‘pewoktiorg sarsopas For oyaepaupamuan pelierka; 8 —ezason0n Damyey, / 7 i - c a ; PY Puc. 14. Cxema ruaposaexrpocranune f ¢ HamopHoli zepusanuel. : “ ve Le popanaamne: 2—uarre sononprenn- ae ete east “Sa ® - Baponse oan Ro? 7 Reaeeh PY seasvaatrhn pwexnmnay 70 Puc, 1.8, Cxewa rmaposnexrpocranmn © Geantanopiol Ae pupantie noxoxpanzamne: 2—orerotnnn: 3 ‘yun wanent 5 "nsiopgu Gucett & Sin apyCoaposon! 8 zane 1G, ; ) Bs 24500 = gone 5 zm 8 Ss e ) je ee ee Puc. 1.5. Lepunaunonnue # typ6umnue rpy6ony ul, D=5, iT te aan jAepunaunownuR tpyGonpovon » raxenec; 2 — ypanunrenin a iets aia peSepavap: 2—rypCunuisA xpyGoaponns: 4— ape 9 oboaova pesepayapar 10—sarayunta, (Ha Naaie y Mpyconpenanee we Boe ohon e 8Jan weaxoit rnaposaextpocrannin weo6xo- ANMo Co3aT Ha peke cocpesorouenuptii nepe- nag—sanop. To onoco6y coananin aanopa Pasanaior TPH OcHoBHMe CXeMM riuIposmepre- THYECKHX YeTAHOBOK: MTOTHHHaR, epUBAlLLOH- Hag H naoTHMHosnepuBalwionHas., Maotunnaa cxewa xapaxrepusyeres coopy2keivem B pycale pexH mAOTILAEL, Hepen KO- Topol OOpasyeres Bomoxpannanute. B maoriinx ycranonkax typOunute 1py6o- Mpovoaw HaunHaioreA BOLOMPHEMHHKOM, KoTopbiii OGecnewmBaer Bonosa60p u3 BoROXpa- Huauiwa % tpyGonposon. TypOumie rpyGonpo- BOB MOTYT OLITh NPONOXKeHM B Tene TAOTHHEE (pne. 1.2) wan no ee nusonofi rpax, Tipu xepupanuonnoh cxeme wanop coazaeten Tuasitim oGpasom nocpenctnom Ae PHBAWNH, 7. ©, HacTs BOR Ha pexH Hanpas- AseTed B BOAODOR, nponor%KeHHE mo Gepery © YKAOHOM, 3HaYHTeABHO MeHbUINM, Yew yK:IOH B peke. 3a cuer pasuocr yxaoHon xepuBautt M peKH Mexiy HUMH OGpaayeTeA Mepemas, KOTO- PML MoxHO HcHOABSORATS ANH BHIPAGOTKH 3.1eK- Tpuyeckoi suepran. Jepunauun moxer Orit Sesuanopxoi, HanopHol 4 cmemarmoll, Hepusauus c Geananopunmn BOROBOAAMU: OTBOA BORK OT BOXOsAGOPHOTO coopyxeiis, pacnomoxennoro wa BOROTOKe, ocyuecraaneren nocpencTaoK sepuBanutoitioro Kanana WM JloTKa, daKammpavouleroca Hanop- M, © YpasmurrensuBMM pesepayapasnt ta KaxAOH meTKe. Mexxyrowude xarxonue onoput; 5 —ueoxBaEe O90 omitoncaepie yoomo Me nokasaine) dgs000. C gpranuen —<— Ges cepecamos 6 — nounenestopu; 7—rowneparypio-ocanomise wns aKeAeroderonE Fase‘abim GacceiiifoM ¢ OUNCTHEMH H BoRONpHEMHBIME yetpolicraan (pwc. 1.3) Tepusanux c wanopaumn Bono BoAaMi: AepuRaNuA BEIOAHAeTeR B BILE Ha- nopHoro tyHesa Han TpyGomposona, Mayuero or Bo_osaGopHoro coopy2KeHHA u nepexonsutero B TpyOonposon, Homaiomuit Bony K TypOuHaM THAposnextpocrannmn (pic. 1.4). Jlepupanus c GeananopuuMu u HaNOPHBMH BOLOBORaMH (cMemat- 44s): BepxHNf WACTOK mepuBaniu sninowHseT- €a B Buse OTKPLITOTO Kaata aH GesHanopHoro ‘TYKes, saxanumBaiouleroea HanopHbiM Gaccelt- wom, or KoTOporo HauuHaeTes Harlopubih sepH- BALORHB TyHHeNb HH TpyGonpoBOA. B yeranopkax ¢ GesnanopHol epumanneit rypOuunuii tpyGonposox, HauuHaetca » murTo- Bolt crenke uamopHoro Gaccefina {pue. 1.3). B yerawonkax ¢ Hanopwoh xepusaunelt xo- fen AepHBatuin cosnagaet c Hayanom TypGHR- woro tpyGonponoxa, Tpx Gombmok manne wa- nopsioll aepiuaunt 2 Mecre ee conpmxents ¢ Typ6unnnim TpyOonpoBogom “acTo yerpauBaior ypasuuteabuni pesepsyap c orKps- Toil NoBepxHOCTHIO BOLE, KOTOPHi npexoxpa- ner KanopHyio jepusammo oT sosnelicTBua Pre. 1.6, Pacnpeaeautea typGunnoro tpyGonponoe. to TwapasausecKoro Ylapa, HosHuKatomero BeAeR- CTBHe HaMeKeHUA Pacxosla BORK B TpyGonpOBOXE Mp HOpMamsHOM peryaupowaxtun —arperatos udu, abapuiinofi OcraHoBKe, a TaKave ymeHbillaeT BeMYUNY THAPABAHNeCKOTO yaapa B CaMOM TYP~ Gnunon TpyGonponone Gxaronapa orpannueHtio Juimmst pacnpoctpanenua yaapnol Bombt. Ecam Manopuan AepHBAnMA WIM OAK US ee yYacrKOB BHMOAHeHH # BIBLE HanopHoro TpyGonpoBoRA, TO ‘ako TpyOonposo, HaasBaioT AEP UB AN WOH Him (Duc. 1.5). Tepupaunonusie tpyGonponosst oGbiMHO Mpo- KaagupaioT Ha MecTHOCTH c MHiTMMaJDNBOM YRIOHAMH, OCTATOWHDIME HUNG Jats MORawH CaMoTeKOM Heo6xosuMoro pacxoxa Bow. Io- STOMY OHH HMeloT OTHOCHTEABHO HeGOmBUINe Ha- Mopbi, a Ouaroxaps samuTHOMy xelicTBMIO ypaB- unTedbHOrO pesepeyapa NOWTH He NOABepHeHs AUHANIIeCKEM Harpy3KaM, BosHAKa‘OUNM MPH THpasauiecKom ygape B TypOHHHOM rpySompo- none. TypOunusiit TpyGonposox crpemstea mpo- KaqpBatb no. Kpatyaiimemy pacctosuuio oT KOHIA JepHBAlUH Jo snanuA rHApOSuEKTpOCTAH- nya, OSuIUHD Of MateeT SHAMHTEMBHBI YKIOH, PacuerHEtt wanop pesKo yseaMunBaered OT Ha- Nana K Kowity Typ6uunoro TpyGonposona. Tlo- sTOMy mo cooGpaxkennsm npownocrH, uT0Gu He CAHITKOM yeeaYHBATh TOAMEHY OGONOUKH, He- peaKo julamerp TpyGomposoxa mocrenenHo YMeHbuIaIoT K KOHNY. Tipu siiene uuTOK TypGunHOTo TpyGomposo- Ja, paswom wHeay arperaros, Kaxnaa TypGuHA Muraerca maAMBuAYasbULIM —‘TpyGonponoLoM (pue, 1.5) 4 ue sanneur or paGorst apyrux Typ- ous. Ec sucno suToK tTypOunHoro TpyGonpo- Boa MeubWwe Hea arperaToB, TO vlNA MORAY BOM K TypOMHAM yetpaHBawoT pactpeLeru- Tedb, HAM KOXXEKTOP, npencrapasiomutl coGoll OHO HAH HECKOMbKO MOCAeAOBATeEbHEIX paazeraacuni ocuopioro rpyGonponoaa wa ompegesennoe KomMuecTBo oTsogoB. TIpumepbi pasmunEx pacmpexeautened moKasan Ha puc. 1.6, 1.7, a Takxe 5 ra. 9. Kpoe ‘epumanuonnerx typOnnax a PuytpossteKTpocraHMNsX — HepenKO —_uMe1oTCs cOpocume tpy6onposoas (pic. 1.8), mpex- HagHaieHubte Aan Mponyeka cOpacsipaeMHx 1a- BOAKOBEIX PacxonoB, OTlOpoACHeHHA BOROXpailH- JOU H BOLOBOLOB, OcyMIeHHS MOABOAHBX vacrell ruapocoopyxenuit, COpocuise —TpyGonponoati Xapakrepusyiorca Gosee BMCOKEMH CKOpocTsM BIAKCHI BOLL B mectax mepecesenus paccst onosoaa © WoccelHbMH HH %KeresHOLOpoxRKubIMM MarH- Crpasamit, pekaMu, Onparama im ApyriMa mpe- MaTeTRUAMH YycTpaMBaOT AKBERYKU iti 210 Ke b Yerpolicrso akenyKa B pike MocToBoro ne- pexoza (pic. 1.9) saaseter BuroguEM B TOM cayaae, cea MOCT OmHOBpeMeHHO HcnosBayIOT | *Bud Aypoeze 92640 < ay gl f 8 an 8 R12 000 Wd 15000 P 3 1000 | q se6to SE [ts on 3 i EL oe , oli, ] Sia | SIRS i slt g2st0 Puc, 1.8 COpoctof rpySonposoa mucoKonanopkoro BORO een mutagen ata RUNYE aaepttpoceren. semenes_2— ampere as a ee eae rare sae a SE maa Pata TS AR 5 g a \) - @ 5860/2000 . aA : 99,5 zy, un Kt ret State wre 4 [rer 2, wepes yutembe Puc, 1.10. Apoumsh nepexoa crasunoro tpy6onponona ‘epes 2e63- yw Ropory, nponer L=42 m, D=2,3 om, Hp=80 w. 12Aan aproryakesoro Tpancnopta, Eean moctosoit Hepexom sun TpaHenopTHBX ueneit ue Tpebyer- ca, 70 TpyGonpOBOA Mo%eT OBITS yaorKeH caMO- cronreabilo cuepxy atm cuusy npensteraus, Ha puc, 1.10 oxasaHt axoenyk BuAC camouecyuteli ApKH Had >KenesHOROpOAHON —Marnerpa.tbio, B stom caysae cama oGoa0uKa rpyGonponona aisageten OcHosHOH Hecyutelt KonerpyKuncli. Pe- 2Ke Tepexon ocymmectBamerea cHHsy suoKepom (pe. 1.11). Jloxepui yerpasaior npu nepexo- ax vepes ospari, B TOpHBX MecTHOCTAX, & KO- TOPUX OTKpHITan NpoKsaqKa TpyGonposONa u9- 3a oGpas0n w aasHH HeGesonacua, JioKep Mmo- 2et GT) OMIM 3 YacTKO HaltopHor Tpy- Gonposora ian coeaMHAT Mex,y coGoi maa yaacrka Ge3HanopHoro § BoxoBoga (TyHHeaA, Kauaaa, n0TKa). Hamopuwe (warmetateapune) TpyOonposoau uacocumx craxuuil Mo cBomM KoNeTpYKuuUAM HM -yexoDHAM paGor ‘Oven GaNSKH K NanopusM TpyGonponozaMm rHA- possektpoctanusii, Oguaxo mpaktaka noKassi- BaeT, TO 110 cpapitenio c -TpyGonposonamn TSC omm 8 Gomsmeit crenenn noznepaxentt BHO- Pauli npx sxcnayaramun, ocoGeHHO B HeycTaHO- BUBUIAXCS pexHMaX., Ha ruapoaxkymyanpyiomux yeranopKax Ha- noptisie TpyGonpoBOAK HBAMIOTCS OMIM 3 OC- HoBitEIx BaLtOB THApOCOopyrKeni. OcoGeHHocTHI0 paborts TASC apaseres 70, ¥70 snech on H ToT 2Ke TPYGonpoBON NooNepeRHO «byHKUNOHL- pyer 70 Kak narweratembnsti TpyGonpoxox Ha- cocHoit crannuu, 7 KaK TypOuHiit TpyGonpo- Box runpossextpocrannun. Pexum ‘paGorsi TASC onpexeanetes » sasnemmocti ‘oT xapaxre- pa rpapuxa narpysku. TIpaxraveckn Goasmun- CTBO THAPOAKKYMY.MpYIOMLNX YeTaHOBOK B Tee itile cyTOK wecKobKO pas paGoTaer B TypOnHHOM PeXIME H HeckO.LKO Pas —B HacocHoM pexUMe. Tosromy nanopxse tpyGonponoam TASC Muloroxpatito nogvepraiorca nyatscaumonnEit uampysKam, BosHNKA‘omMM pH MeycranoBin- MINXCA PerxUNAX B Mpouecce pasrona wt TOpMo- KEN TIOIPOMAMIH, HAAR MUX CTAHOBNTCA aK- tyanbuoh safava obecnevenua ux yerasocTHol mpownoern, Huoraa x8 oOwero onperenenus Hanopretx tpyGonporosos T39C, TASC u nacocusx cran- tit ucHomsyior TepuHH CTANKHONN Be TPY- Gonponoau. Tpy6onposoas moryt 6urb nsrorosmenst 13 cram, »enesoGeToua, Aepena. Ha copemenntx THApOSAeRTPHYECKHX 'M HACOCHEIX CTaHMHAX AC- PesAuKie tpyGonposoaK we MpuMensior. Tpy- Gonposoxu sosoeHtiol nocrpoitki 13 aepenait- Holi KEMAH co CranbUBMMT Gannarantn YenmeUmo akenayaTnponasich Ha MMOTHX —riiapoysaax BIWtOT 20 HactomULero BpeMeHt. Puc 1.11. Joep nox pyeaom nogoetoKa, sacunanntet rpyutow, 1 onayunet posenryroma i; 2 cna ‘oops. i *PY6I; 3—auxepnan onapa; Kenesoberountie tpy6onpopomn, 8 Tom aude M3 MpenBapHresHo HanpaxeHHOro xene- soGeToila, MPUMeHAOT wa wacocHLX craimuuiAx 4H riAposmexrpoctannusx p KayecTBe nepusa- MHONHBX, a TAKE B KaNecTBe TyPOMANLIX pH yMepenntix xamopax (60—100 m)3 npu saasuinn CrasbHOrO cepmeunuka Takue 7pyGonpoBost (cranexeresoberonnste) MoxHO sicnOmb30RaTb Tipu wanopax 150—200 » n narxe pee. )Keae~ s0GeToHnbe TpyGonpoBomH NomroBeMee cTadb- HUX Mm TPe6yIOT MeHbune | 9KcmayaranOHHBX Pacxonos, JLix samurst or texmepatypiutx B03! Relicranit " 2Kees0Geronume — tpy6onpowoAL, Kora 370 BosMOxHO, sachimaior TpystoM. Baxxuim ° 9xenayarannouunim —npeumynte- etnom xemesoGeToHHIx TpySonposogOB apaneT- Cx 70, WTO OM He MOABEpKeHM OGpacraNio BHYTpeHuel MoBepxHocry B OTAHYHE OT cratb-, HBIX, Y KOTOPHX BHYTPeHHAR MOBepxHOCTL G1 Crpo “NOKpHIBaeren MsIKpoopranuaMaMt, oT0- AKUBILUMCH OCARKAMN, IPOLYKTAMM Kopposutit. B pesyawsrare iepoxonatocts y crambuoro Tpy- Gomposona yepes HecKONLKO Aer aKcHayaTalsm ‘uso Bospactaet (cM. pic. 12.7) 1 ampesiiuiaer WlepoxoBaToct 2Kestes0GeToHHOr —TpyGonpo- Bona. DKexeso6erownbie tpyGonpoross mp Gom- unex AuameTpax OGecreuBaioT snauiTenbHyIO SKOHOMIIO cramH HH cpesem Ha 30—40% jte- MIeBJle CTa/bUBIX, OAHAKO TpebyioT BENOAHEHHA OcHoBHOrO OGbema paGor No H3roTOBAeHKIO Ha Noamroue, YO 9KOHOMMYecKH OMpaBlaHo npit o6uteit a1nHe TpyGonponoaa He Meee 1000 ¥: Crasimene tpyGouposoas moryt paGorarb pu caMBIx abIcOKHX Hanopax. B tocaeauee spews sun uarorosaenns rpy- Gonposoxoa cram npimeHars uoBue smavepita abl, TakHe, Kak acGecToleMent, cTeKsonaactu KICK Ap. B nactommel xuste pacemarpueaioren tomb KO crambuble Hanlopible TpyGonponogu Bcex TH Nos, a TakiKe wacTuHo cTasekenesoberomut. 134.2. TANBI TPYGOMPOBOAOB 1.4 RNACCH@NKAUMS TevEONPOROROR Tlommmo Kaaccnpuxauma nanopuEx tpy6o- npowogos ruxposaeKrpocrasumii Mo (pyRKUWO- UasibUbIM npHsHaKan, mpuserennot B § 1.1, crasbubie TpyOonposonH Kaaccuumupyior 10 enocoOy mpoxaaK Ha MecTHocTH a MO pacueT- Holi cxeme craTH¥eckolt paGorsi. Kaaccmukauua craasusix tpyGonposogos sarpyaHeHa OTCyTCTBHeM enuNoll ycranonsen- Holl TepMMEOAOTHM, TO BUIBKGAeT HepeAKO 20- caguyi nyTaHUUy Mpu paGoTe He TOMBKO ¢ HHO- ‘CIpaHUBIMUICTONNUKAMH, HO axe c OTeyecTBEH- Hol HopMaTusHol u TeXHHYeCKOi HTepaTypoil. B wactuoctu, mpenerapisiores weynavHuni Ta- Kile XapakTepHCTHKH TuNOS TpyGonpoBOOB, KaK H (nocmenwul Tep- Mun YacTo yOnpeGamOT H AIA SAchInAHHEX, 1 ui sayenaHisx B TOPHOM MaccuBe TpyGonpo- Bonos). Tlockoasxy cnoco6 npoxaaaxn tpyGonposo- Ja Ha MecrHoctH aH Ha coopyxeHu onpese- ‘ier u cxeMy ero craTuueckoli pa6orH TO, Ha- TpysKoll, 6 Hamel Knaccnduxaumn (puc. 1.12) ompaxeriti 06a tH spusiaxa. Coorserctayio- TUM o6pasom BHOpAHL u TepMuns, OnpeneaI0- ive pasaunse TunM crambuBix TpyGonposo- BOB, TPH STOM YUTEHHL PeKoMeHRanHH 13 coppe- MenHoii orevectsennof mu sapyOexnoll Hopwa- ‘THBHO-TeXKMYECKOH AUTepaTypHL, NOcBAIeRHO! MpoeKTipopamio H eTponteascrsy Tpy6ompono- OB. B coomwercroun ¢ nai0KeHHNMH mpaununa- Mu Bce CTaabHBe HamopHiie TpyOonpoBOAB pas- Reneun wa TpH Gompiiue rpynnl: nesane- Hesaxenaunune', nan cso6oqno Jexamue’,—sto TpyGonposoms, mponoren- ube Ha OTMembHEX onopax m0 MoBepxHocTE seman wan coopyaxeuia (pc. 1.1), ma Rag semiteli—wa scrakazax, woctax (puc. 1.9), nam HIKE HOBePXHOCTH SemsN—B TpaHulesx, TO HaX, TyHHeAAX, Tamepenx (puc. 1.5). K napy2x- Hoff monepxHocru 9tHx TpyGonponoxos oGecte- Neu MocTomHHBt oeTyM AI HaOMOneHKH, peBt- sult m PeMOHTOB, MOSTOMY HX TaICKe HagsIBaioT , Take TpyGonposons oGaagaior HaHOomee BHCOKOli peMoHTOMpHToAHOCTSIO TO cpaBHeHmo c ApyrHMH THHaMmt TpyGonpoBonos, a 970 sIDMSeTCR BAAWMIM MOKAZATEMeM OKCITYA- TaIMOHHOH WakexHOcTH KouerpyKum. B mpax- THKe cTpouTembersa —_raypoSMeKrpocraHunit Betpewaores cramsitie TpyGompoBonH ¢ Ha- PYKHIM pAcHoMOKeHHem, WOKPbITHe cnoeM Ge- toHa, KoTOphii cunTaeTcn He yuacTayiouuM B cutosoh paGore KoucTpyxuuH, a BinonHaer uucTo samuiTHEte GyNKmMH, HanpmMep mpero- Xpatiser OGoaouKy TpyGomposona OT KaMHeTana, Boselicrsia peskux cyTOuHEX KoneGattuii Tem nleparyps, Kopposum a T. x. Taxue TpyGompo- BORK Take MOryT GBITb yenOBRO OTHeCeHET K meppoii rpynue, xoTa Hx O6ou04Ka seocTynHa Ais, BHEUMeTO OCMOTpA. Banenanune® Tpy6onposoan mpencrapasior co6oli crambabie Hanopubte o6.- MOBKH BOROBOLOB, poMOxeHMHX G8 GeTOHHOM Maccupe coopyxenus (cM. puc. 1.2) Hak B Top * Gooraereroyer ron 2 Coomercrayer weweunony freliegende —cso6opm0- ewan asrmiilexomy unembeded —wesane- aannne, saqenawune Hw SacHMaH- * Coorsercrayer anranfickomy embeded — sneranmal, une. pesca cmon maybonpoboder [ I L Fagienaiwe a - (chotodve aes Jocwrawse | | Mpowe Senautte) eS = 1 1 ‘Grpuae | (Cloidea pone. a mor | [6 apt 2 mpanuee a Geebvad | |sae6 mpnucns)| | Dumomad | | § tenner wie a wccuine | | c satorad nobepevocmu | |_wmonsuer | \ _obonovre | ————— pespesnse | |Hepapesve Aptopesse rubcue | | mecrmoe tuba [ seme Put. 14 112, Crema kaaccinpuxawin eraneinsx Hanopnux rpyGonpososes.Holt nopone (em, puc. 1.7). B nocaeanem cayzae SaTpyHoe mpoctpaycTso mexny cra.tbHoll 060- HoxKoli u cKasolt sanomseres Gerowom. Taxi O6pasoM, COBH NPOKMAAKH saxenanHx Tpy- Gonposox0s oGecnesmBaior copmecTHoeTs ix PaGorm c OKpyxxaromuM GeTOHREIM aH ckab- mM MaccH50M. TypOunuie npyGonposomm morux riapo- aueprerimeckux yeTanOBok MpunorHuHore THA (uanpuep, Bpatexoii, Kpacuospexoli, Uupxeil- ckoii, Castio-Llymenckoh TC u ap.) ssnoa- amuT sagenannuinn B Geromuti maccHa craH- UMOHHOM vacTH TpaBHTamHONHOH maoTHNM HAH pacnosaraior aa HuOBO! rpaum nocaegnelis BH- Xe «sbiiocuiixe tpyGonposomor, KoTOpue o6utu- Wo UMeIT CramexKenesoGeroHHyI0 KOWCTPYKULIIO c pacnowoxennem cTambHoh OOaMNOBKH BHyTpH oxsarusaiouiell ee KenesoGerouKo% tpyOw, Ta- Kyo KOMOWHNpOBaHHYIO CHeTeMy TAKE MOKHO YCu0BHO paccManpuBaTb Kak cTambuoll Tpy6o- Mposon, sagesaunsi a 2emeso6eromol Kou- c nS ie MOASEMHOM pacnonoxKeHHN MamuAHOTO sana cranuua TypOuiuse TpyGomposoau, a He- PeaKO TaKKe 1 sepHBANNORHe, ycrpauBaior © sanenKoli n KopeHHNX ropuEix nopoaax. 4 Cneayer nonsepsnyn yenosuocs omieceitia cra- aeKenesoSetoimsx rpyGonposox0n K aAxeaaiinM cradb- uM TpyGonponozay. Crporo Tosops, 970 cosepuientio ‘ostill ax mpyGonponoxon. TlonobHo'cramsuomy, crae- xeneso6eromusili rpyGonposoa woxer Ouirh aaciinaN wt sanenan 8 noxseMion esp: es wacocsoeo azpezama Dee amnepwois onopos B nge sagenanutix rpySonposozos sunoa- amloT TAKE MMUAAPHMECKMe OOsUNOBKH BOLO- HPOBOMUDIX rastepelt CYAOXOMHEIX 1LLI1030B, xos10- €THX BoxOc6pocon H Apyrie, BocMpuHMMarouLe BHYTpeHHiee AaBaCHHe noAM. ZazenaHNMe Tpy6o~ MpOBOAL He TpeOyloT KaKUX-IUOO cneumauEUHx. onopunix yerpolicra, Sachmanube TpyGompoBoan oxpy- 2KeHsl HachINEEIM rpyHToM (pic, 1.13). Om mo- Tyr Gut MpoaoxeHs B Tpanuiee ¢ mocmenyio~ Uleit 3acHINKol Han HenocpemcTBeHHO 8 Uacbinit. Ooxouxa sackinanmux tpyGonposonon wexo- crynka aux ocwoTpa a pemouTos a rpe6yer TuApousoammun mapyasnoh nonepxuocta, Tpy6o- MpoBoaw store THNa MPH yCnOBMH HARMExatitero. YiuIOTHEHHA sacHNKH MOXHO paccuuTBBATb. ¢ yyetom ynpyrux caoliera oxpy:xatomero rpyx- Ta Kax pasrpyxawomero dakropa. Tlox06u0- saxeanHuim tpyGomposonam, aachinaniue Tpy- Gonposomt He HyknaioTeR B cHenMambiEIx onop— HBX yerpolicrsax, OGH¥HO OM YKAaguBaIOTeR wetlocpecTseHHO Wa TpyHT WAH Ha cnaoWnyie NecuaHo-meGeHounyio NognoroBKY, a aworga Ha Henpepnisxyio xenTounyI0 GerowiiyI0 noctenb. Tlowimo waspauueix 8 npaxtuxe ruqporex- HMHeCKOrO crpouTemBcTBa BCTpevaioren cTaaL- uble TpyGonpononst, KoTOpHe, crporo rosops, Heaban OTHeCTH Km K ONKOH H2 nepedueseHuAX rpynn. TIpumepom craasuoro tpyGompozoxa oco- Soh Koxctpyxuun aBaseTca HanopHaK oGaMKoR- a roplol BuipaGorKu, BEMOMHsIOMLAA TOADKO MporHsohunstpanwonnBe pyNKUH H He Boc~ NpuwiMatomas BuyrpenHero xapaenua BomLI, bw Ld 7 005 aunepra | Oe yacsinnos Pe oantat | a 20000 148. Sactinamnal tpyGonpovoR cnsooro tuna 4 agian ope w cere tants nacocnah ratny; 2-npoieovtan cxUMNGAR one; 3~ vemneperypro-ecesoeuuh sous Caropi #—vanyyatuan Seranotne ¢ nacocom, Sa spud Gaceetny 8="ana, 7 aacutns,Haxowen, caeayet ynomanyrs craabitute ‘xpyOonposoaw, oGon0uKa KOTOpHX OKpyKena Gerowom, 0 Gnaroxapa ocoGum KoHeTpykrHD- HBIM MePOUPHATHIM HE CBASAA C HHM H MMeET BOBMOXKHOCTH —RePOPMUPOBATHCH —_CaMOcTOA- ‘TeabHo. 122 COOEOAHO RENAME TRYSOTPOBOALL Chenu cao6onno sexamux rpyGonpososos npeoGaaqaior tpyGonposoau, pacnonoxennbie Ha JutesHoi nopepxuoctn sem. [IpoxaagKa ‘cHOGORHO stexamHx TPYCONpoBogOR B UITOADIAX HH B Taslepexx TpeOyer GobuMX KanuTaso- BIOKEHHI 4 OOBMHO MPHMEHRETCH TONBKO B TeX eayiaak, Korma cnoxHas Tonorpadus xectuocry He MOSBOAKET BAIOANUT OTKpLTiI TpyGonpo- BOA Hm KOTAa MO MeCTHBIM. YenoRHsM. postu Kaet HeoOXxO_HMOcTh MpeloxpaHuTs OOoNO4KY ‘spyOonposona or wosselicraua ceaeniix TOTO KOR, Jlapui, Kaneremaza. ‘Tpy6onponog onupaerca no qamie na pan TOMLEPIANBAIOMUEX OOP, HASBAeMBIX mp OM e- KYTOWRMMH, Mm — KECTKO — aaKpenwinerca ‘B ANKePHMX onopax. AuKepusie onops ate- TOABHANO uKcHpyloT NomoKenKe TpyOu na MecTHOCTH, B TO BPeMs KaK mpomexyrownwe ouopst, YyeravasaupaemBle Ha yuacTKe mexay amkepHniMi, —onycKaior nomBiDKHocT TpyOM B Hanpapnenuit ee ocu. Tlo Kouctpyxuuu, ompeneasiomed cxemy era- ‘rueckoii- paborst, TpyGonposox Moxer G6uITh BUNONEH PaspesHBM WIH HEpaap es uiiw. B sasicumoctu oT paciouoxenns anxep- Mix ONOp pasma”OT KECTKY 0 x rUOKYIO cXeMBI MpokanKi Hepaspestioro tpyGonponoxa. TIpu THOKO! cxeme mpoKaanKn auKepubie onopHt YeTanasaupaior wa MpaMosmueliwex yuacTkax, @ Mecra Mepexoma oc tpyGomponona mexay HUMH (KoseHa) ocTaiores cBoGogHtmn. [pH 2KeCTKOli cxeMe MpOKMAAKH AallKepuble OnOpsI Yetanapamsaior p Mectax 19s10M0B OCH TpyG0- hponona (s naaue, no Buicore Han B MecTax COBMeMIeHHOTO SMeHeMmIN HaNpaBaAeHH OCH B sLlae H mo mucoTe). Taxus O6pagom, y'uacroK Hepaspesioro 2xecTKorO TpyGonponona Mex«ity AHKepHEIMH OnopaMit npeeTanAseT COOOL MHO- romposernyio Hepaapesnyio Gay ¢ mpsMmowu- HeMHOfl Ocbio u KECTKO JalenanDMH KONUAMH. Kpynusit tpyGonpovo, (D=5,56 m, L=400 a) oKecrKOli wepaspesHoit KoucTpyKuun MpitmeHeH na anerpaauiicxon TOC Tymyr II. Tipu uamenennn temmepatypix OKpy2caioutero #o3tyxa HOT BHYTpeHHerO AaBAeHUs BORE O6O- JowKa ueMUITEIBaeT HoNepexuBe mpoaostbtEte Aeopmauin, WKecrka sageaka nepaapesuoro ‘TpyGonponoxa B aHKepuBIX ollopax crecuneT cBoGosHoe MpomBaeHte RedopMannit npxmosn- ueitoro ysacrka Tpy6u. B atom cayuae usMe- HeHile TeMepatypsi noxqyxa Ha OfuH npaaye BISHIBAcT HANpAXeHHin n OGOMO'Ke TpyGnI OKOTO 6 £25 MIla. Stu temmeparypunte uanpaxenun BUISHIBAIOT HeOGXOAUMOCTE yaeaHuEHUA TOAUMA- bt OGom10uK:H. Ochiowntim KoHeTpyxTHBHEEM eponpuaTHEM, MpeMATCTSYIOIM — BOBHHKHOBENIO GoD TeamepatypHBX Kanpaxcunl B oGomOUKe, AB- aigetea Mepexon or Hepaspesnoll x paspesnolt Kouerpykuim TpyGonposona. Tpn stoi Kou- CTpyKUi Ha KaXAOM MpsAMOsMHeliNOM yYacTKe MEXULY AHKepHLIMK ONOpaMH weTaBsmoT cmelLH- anbioe yerpoiicrs0, nosBoasiomee TpyGe ocTa- TOUHO ChOGOAKO YAMUHATECA HIM yKOPATIBATHCA pH MSMeneNHN Teunepatyps oKpyxxaiomero Bosayxa. Takoe yerpofictso, asbipaemoe Te M- mepatypHNM KOMMeHCaTOpoM, pacno- 4arawor Wak BOausH BepxHeli auKepuol onops (Se puc. 1.17) xKaxxqoro auxepHoro nponera (entocpetcTBeHHo auOKe aHKepHOl onopEt), atIK B cepequHe auKepuoro mpowera Ha moaorHx, ‘ocoGeHHo AMHHHBIX, Y4acTKAX Juin yMenbUNeIs ‘KOAHECTBA AHKEPHBIX Oop Ht COKpatileuug mepe- MellleHHit OT/eAbHLAX KOUIIOB TPYG 110 mpomerky- TouNBIM onopam. [IpuMenenite paspesHolt KoH- erpyxium cBoGomHo aexamero tpyGonposoxa asaneTea wauGonee pacnpocrpaneniinim peute- weM Kak B OTeueCTBeHHOR MpaxTuKe TpyGonpo- Bogoerpoenun, Tak H 8 GombuUNMHCTBe sapyGex- ubix_eTpau. TuOkax wepaspesnaa mpoxianka rpyGompo- BogOB Mozyunda HanGompulee pacnpoctpanenie 80 panty, ostomy wuorga TaKyio cucteMy HasbisaioT panuyscKoh. B ruGxux rpyConpo- Bonax HepaspesHoh KoNCTPYKULH cBOGOHO Ys10- 2KeHHBIe MexXLY AHKePHBIME OnOpamH HaorHYTH yuacrKn TpyOm sLnoAHsIOT poas TeMmepatyp- HBX kKosHeHcaTOpos. Ocenoe ysuuKeHHe TpyGH DH MOBBIeHHH TeMmepaTypH BHIaEBaeT cMe- MleHHe OcH usOrHyTOrO. yuacrKa B ma0cKOCTHL Koulewa Ges sHauiiTeMbHOTO MoBMMeHHs Hanps- xen p Merame, Menee Gaaronpustita paora Takoro tpyGonponoxa up oxaaxktent, Korda och TpyOnt coxpamactes. Onuako Hanae 2AM —BAIOOPOM TeMepatypm —saMuKaLs auKepuoro yuactka pH MoHTaxKe MORO 20- Gurpea cwxeHun Hanpsrxeini 1 OGersHTh padory py. 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