(Knowledge Management : KM)

2554


(Knowledge Management:
KM)





(Resistivity
survey) (Electromagnetic survey)

2554


1 I-1
1.1 I-1
1.2 I-1
1.3 I-1
1.4 I-2
1.5 I-2
2 I-3
2.1 I-3
2.1.1 I-3
2.1.2 I-3
2.1.3 I-5
2.1.4 I-6
2.2 I-7
2.2.1 I-7
1. I-7
2. I-8
3. I-9
4. I-10
5. I-11
6. I-12
7. I-14
8. I-15
9. I-15
2.2.2 I-16
1. I-17
2. I-17
3. I-21
4. I-22
 ()

5. I-24
6. I-25
7. I-25
8. I-26
3 I-27
3.1 I-27
3.1.1 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus I-27
1. I-28
2. I-28
3. I-30
3.1.2 SuperStringTM R8/IP I-31
1. I-32
2. I-33
3. I-34
3.2 I-37
3.2.1 EM-34 I-37
1. I-38
2. I-38
4 I-42
4.1 I-42
4.2 I-44


2.1 I-10
2.2 I-11
2.3 I-12
2.4 I-13
2.5 - I-13
2.6 I-15
2.7 I-18
2.8 I-18
2.9 I-19
2.10 Sine function () I-20
2.11 I-22
2.12 Transmitters I-23
2.13 FDEM I-23
2.14 Coplanar I-24
2.15 Coaxial I-24
2.16 I-25
3.1 SYSCAL I-27
3.2 SYSCAL R-1 Plus I-29
3.3 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus
I-30
3.4 SuperStringTM R8/IP I-32
3.5 SuperStringTM R8/IP I-33
3.6 1 I-34
SuperStringTM R8/IP
3.7 2 I-35
SuperStringTM R8/IP
3.8 EM-34 I-37
3.9 Transmitter Receiver I-39
3.10 TransmitterReceiver I-39
3.11 I-40


1.1 2
2.1
4
2.2
5
2.3 5
 I-1

1

1.1
(Knowledge Management : KM)
2554

1.2
1.

2.
3.
4.
1.3
1. 4
-
-
-
-
2.
3.

 I-2

4.
5.
6.
7.
1.4
1.1
1.1


.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
1.5
1.
2.

3.
 I-3

(Resistivity method)
2.1





2.1.1

2.1.2
( 2.1)
-
(Anomaly)
(Anomaly)
 I-4

2.1

1.
(Magnetic)
2.
(Gravity)
3.
(Resistivity) -
4.
(Induced polarization)
5.
(Electromagnetic)

6. /
(Seismic) -

7. (Uranium)
(Radioactive) (Thorium)
(Potassium)
8.
(Self-potential)

9.
(Ground-penetrating radar) (Dielectric constant)

2


2.2
 I-5

2.2

2.1.3

2.3
2.3





-



-




 I-6

2.3 ()



















-

2.1.4



(Ambiguity)



(Forward
model) (Invert model)
 I-7

2.2

(Resistivity method) (Electromagnetic method)
2
2.2.1 ( Resistivity Survey )

1

1.
- - (Insulator)

(Ore body)
-
-

-
-
-
(Conductor)
(Electrolytic conduction)
(Matrix conduction) -

-

(Graphite) (Pyrolusite) (Pyrite)
(Chalcopyrite) (Galena) (Magnetite) (Clay minerals)
-

 I-8

2.



1.

2.
(
)
(Cation exchange capacity, CEC)

(Feldspar) (Mica) (Orthoclase feldspar)
(Kaolinite)

3.
(Well sorted)
(Poorly sorted)




4.







 I-9

5.

3.


IV
I 1/R
I = V/R V = IR
V (Volt)
I (Ampere)
R

( 2.1)
2.1

R= L
A
=R A
L

 I-10

R
A
L

() ()
V = IR R = A V = IR R = a A
L L
= VA a = VA
IL IL
= a =

2.1 ()
(True resistivity)
()
(Apparent resistivity)

4.
2.1
( 2.2)

2

-

 I-11

5.
1 2 3
4 1 (Sounding)
2 (Profiling)
3


4
1
4

2.2 ( Todd, 1980)

1 2 3 4
1 2
1 2
2 1

1
 I-12

6.
(Electrode configuration Electrode array)
4
(Current electrode, CC) 2
(Potential electrode, PP) 2 4
ASTM D6431-99 Reapproved 2005
3 (Wenner configuration)
(Schlumberger configuration) -
(Dipole-dipole configuration)
(1) (Wenner configuration)
( 2.3)

2.3 ( Todd, 1980 ; Fetter, 2001)

-


-
4

-
(Horizontal structure)
- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (S/N )

- (Dike)
(Ore)
 I-13

(2) (Schlumberger configuration)

L CC b
PP L 5 b (L 5b) ( 2.4)

2.4 ( Todd, 1980 ; Fetter, 2001)

- Lateral resistivity variation

-

-
- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) -

- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
-
(3) - (Dipole-dipole configuration)
CC = PP = a CC PP
na ( 2.5)

2.5 - ( Todd, 1980 ; Fetter, 2001)

 I-14

-
-
-
-

-
-
- (Signal) (Noise)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (S/N )
7.
( 2.6)

1. (Resistivity meter)


2.

(Steel)
(Stainless steel)
40-50
3.
100 200 300


4.
5. GPS
6. (field curve)
 I-15

. .
IRIS

. .
2.6
8.



1


2 3

9.
1.

2.

3.

4. -

 I-16

5. (Simple
structural geology) 1

6.


(Overlap)
7. -
-
5-10
8.


1-2
9.


(Polarization)


2.2.2 (Electromagnetic Survey)

 I-17

1.
1. 4,000
(Absorption)
Long wave
2.
-

-

-

(Ferromagnetic)

3. (
(Sphalerite) (Hematite) (Chromite)
(Marble) (Quartzite) (Granite) (Basalt)
(Clay)

4.
(Depth of penetration)
2.
(1)

( 2.7)



( 2.8)

H = B/
H (/)
B
 I-18

2.7

2.8
(2) (Faraday-Henry Law)
(E)
E = -B/t
B (
)
E ()

( 2.9)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 300,000 /
6.
 I-19

2.9

(3) Sine function

(Alternating current) f
(Period) T 1/f Function
y = A sin t
t
A (Amplitude)
(Angular frequency) = 2f
 I-20

Amplitude
y = A sin Phase difference ( 2.10)

2.10 Sine function ()

(4) Propagation constant

Magnetic permeability Permeability
Propagation constant Wave number
2 = (+i)
= 2f
f Frequency in hertz
Magnetic permeability of the medium in henry/metre
Permeability in farad/metre
Conductivity in simens/metre
i -1
Propagation constant 2 Real part
Displacement current Imaginary part Conduction
current Amplitude Conductive media
Skin depth

(5) Skin depth Depth of penetration

Exponential curve Skin effect Skin depth
37% Skin depth
Skin depth () = 2/
 I-21

Skin depth ()
()

(6) Response parameter
Secondary field
2 In-phase Quadrature
() Permeability () (Geometry)

Response parameter ()
= l2
= ts Thin tabular body
l
t
s
t (Conductance) Conductivity

3.

(Transmitter coil) (Primary magnetic field)

( Eddy
Current )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
( 2.11) (Receiver Coil)
Transmitter ( Primary Magnetic field )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
Phase Amplitude
(Transmitter)

 I-22

2.11 (Klein and Lajoie, 1980)

4.

(1) 2
1. (Time-domain electromagnetic, TEM)


() Sine wave Half sinusoidal waveform
( 2.12)
 I-23

2.12 Transmitter

2. (Frequency-domain electromagnetic, FDEM)

Sinusoidal waveform Sine wave
( 2.13)

2.13 FDEM (Klein and Lajoie 1980)

 I-24

(2) 2
1. Passive

(Magnetosphere)
Magnetotelleric
2. Active

2
- Near-field

- Far-field
(Very low frequency, VLF EM)
5.
(Coil configuration)
1. Coplanar
Horizontal coplanar (HCP) Vertical coplanar (VCP) ( 2.14)

() Horizontal coplanar (HCP)

() Vertical coplanar (VCP)

2.14 Coplanar
2. Coaxial Vertical
coaxial (VCA) ( 2.15)

2.15 Coaxial
 I-25

3. Multicoil system
Coplanar Coaxial

6.

1. (Transmitter)
(Receiver) ( 2.16)
2.

( 2.16)
3.

( 2.16)

() ()
2.16 () (Transmitter) (Reciever)
() (Tx Coil) (Rx Coil)
4. Bucking loop Primary field
Bucking loop Balancing network
5. Reference loop in-phase Out
of Phase (quadrature)
7.








 I-26

8.
(Versatile)
shear-
zone

500
50

 I-27

2
2

3.1
3.1.1 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus
SYSCAL Iris instrument ( 3.1)

(DC electrical)
(Vertical electrical sounding)
(Electrical profiling) (Chargeability)
(Induced Polarization)

3.1 SYSCAL
 I-28

1.

2 1
(Circuitry supplying) 1 (Injection current)
12 ()

(Internal converter) 12 (
)


(Microprocessor)
- (Spontaneous polarization, Sp)
- (Automatic ranging)
- Digital stacking
-
(Intensity) (Voltage)
(Geometrical parameters)
Serial link
(Transmitter)
(Receiver)
10

10 ()
( 40 -) 12
SYSCAL



2.

(Panel) ( 3.2)
 I-29

3.2 SYSCAL R-1 Plus

1. LCD 2 20
2. 16 (Function keypad)
(Numeric keypad)
-

-

3. Tx
4. 2
5.
6.
7.

8. Rx
9. 3 (Three pins plug)
10. (Ventilation screw)

(
)

 I-30

11. A B M N

3.
SYSCAL R-1 Plus


SYSCAL R-1 Plus ( 3.3)

3.3 IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus

1.

2. A B M N A
B M N
3.
INT EXT
4. ON
5. BATT
6. MODE

 I-31

7. SET UP
MODE 6
Rho Rho and IP
8. CONFIG
9. E. ARRAY
10. SPACING

11. RS CHECK

12. MONITOR
(MN)
13. START
14. RESULT
15. (
)
MEMORY
16.
RS232 SERIAL LINK
17. OFF

3.1.2 SuperStringTM R8/IP

SuperString Resistivity imaging
- (IP)
SuperString 8
( 3.4) 8
9

 I-32

3.4 SuperStringTM R8/IP

1.
SuperString Multi-electrode systems
20-100
12 8
1


Electrode switching system 2 Distributed switching
system Central switching system 2

5
1-60
Power supply SuperSting
Command file upload Flash memory upload
SuperSting 5
- Firmware software .agi
- Command file .cmd
- Data file .stg
- Calibration file .crs
- Binary file .bin
 I-33

2.
SuperSting

( 3.5)

3.5 SuperStringTM R8/IP

1.
2. Fuse holder
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Firmware upload
8. LCD 16 30
9.
10. Swift cable 1 2 Switch boxes 1 2
11. (A B)
12. (M N)
13.
14. Serial communication Data
download Command file upload
15.
 I-34

3.
SuperStringTM R8/IP
IRIS SYSCAL R-1 Plus

SuperStringTM R8/IP
1
2
1
SuperStringTM R8/IP 1
( 3.6)

3.6 1 SuperStringTM R8/IP

1.

2. 4
3. I
4. 6 System settings 1
5. F2 FACTORY FACTORY

 I-35

6. FACTORY F3
MEN 2 Main menu
7. 2 Manual mode

8. 2
9. 1
8
10. AB MN

11. MEA LCD

12. AB
MN MEA
13. O

2
SuperStringTM R8/IP 2 ( 3.7)

3.7 2 SuperStringTM R8/IP

 I-36

1. Command file SuperSting

Command file
2. Switch box
3. 1 Automatic mode
2
4. Command file
5. ()
6.
7. x, y z
8. ENTER Command line = 1 SuperSting
First command line Command file 1 Command
file
9. Roll-along Roll-along +
- Roll-along

10. ENTER MEN

2 2
MEN
ENTER
11. 1 Switch box Switch box 1 1
Switch box 1
Switch box + - Switch box MEN
12.
56 4 14
1-14, 15-28, 29-42 43-56 Cable address Cable address
Roll-along MEN
13. Factory default setting 9
FACTORY MEN
14. Contact resistance test
F1 MEN

15. MEA
16. O

 I-37

3.2

Electromagnetic conductivity Terrain
conductivity EM-34 ( 3.8) Geonics Limited
EM 34

(Terrain Conductivity)
Inductive Methods millisiemens/metre (mS/m)

2-3
200

. Transmitter and Receiver Console

. Transmitter and Receiver Coil

3.8 ()-() EM-34
 I-38

1.
Apparent Conductivity
millicemens per metre (mS/m)
(Dipole Transmitter)
(Dipole Receiver)
(20.5 )
(Intercoil Spacing)
- 10 6.4 kHz
- 20 1.6 kHz
- 40 0.4 kHz
(Conductivity Ranges) 10, 100, 1,000 mS/m
(Resolution) 0.1 % of full scale
(Accuracy) +- 5% at 20 mS/m
(Noise) 0.2 mS/m (
)

- Transmitter (Tx) 15.5 X 8 X 26
- Receiver (Rx) 19 X 13.5 X 26
- Receiver & Transmitter coil 63
EM34-3XL Transmitter coil 100 cm.
2.
1.

3.9

- (10, 20 30 )
8 Transmitter (TX)
Referrence Receiver
- Transmitter Transmitter
- LEVEL Transmitter NORMAL
- Transmitter Receiver

- SEPARATION Transmitter
Transmitter ( POWER ON)
 I-39

3.9 Transmitter Receiver (Coil)

- Transmitter

Transmitter
- Receiver SEPARATION
BATT+- POWER ON +-4.5 V
+-
6.00 V
- SEPARATION Receiver ( 3.10)

() ()
3.10 Transmitter () Receiver ()
 I-40

2.

(Transmitter and Receiver Coil) 2 Horizontal Dipole Mode (
) Vertical Dipole Mode ()
(Intercoil Spacing)

(Conductivity ) mS/m
- / (Coil Mis-alignment
and spacing error)
Horizontal Dipole Mode
2
Receiver (Error)
() (Apparent Conductivity) (1-cos )
Vertical Dipole Mode 2 45
Transmitter ( cos +45 )
Horizontal Dipole Mode
( 3.11)

3.11
 I-41

- (Electrical Interference)



(Noise)
Conductivity Range

3. (Taking a Reading)

(Apparent Terrain Conductivity) mS/m Vertical Dipole
Horizontal Dipole
a = 4 2 ( Hs)
woS Hp

Hp Primary Magnetic Field

Hs Secondary Magnetic Field
W 2f , f = Frequency (Hz)
o Permeability of free space
a Apparent Conductivity
S Tx / Rx
Tx Rx

-
Receiver SEPARATION 0 (0 +- 300)
- SENSITIVITY RANGE Conductivity
70%
(Errors)
Transmitter Transmitter Receiver Receiver 0.7 1

 I-42

(Sub surface geological structure)

2
1.
2.

4.1

4.1

 I-43

1.
(Topographic Map) (Geomorphology)
(Linearment)


2.





(Pseudo section)
3.

2

4. (Appearance
Resistivity) (Layer)

5.
(Potential Electrode)

6.

4.2







 I-44

1.

2.

, 2550, ,
,
, 2539, (Airborne Geophysical Surveys),
, , ,
,
, 2551, ( 2/10)
1000-2550 4000-2550

, 2551, ( 3/10)
1000-2550 4000-2550

SYSCAL (v 11.5++) Resistivity-meter with automatic voltage switch, Multi-Electrode
Mode, Users manual, 2005, France
The SuperStingTM with SwiftTM automatic resistivity and IP system, Instruction Manual,
Advanced Geosciences, Inc., Austin, Texus
it.geol.science.cmu.ac.th/gs/courseware/.../Geophysics1_Intro.htm
it.geol.science.cmu.ac.th/gs/staff/pisanu/.../NewBook4x-Electromag.doc
www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G228378Lect0510EM1.pdf


1 II-1
2 II-3
2.1
(Resistivity Method) II-3
2.1.1 II-4
2.1.2 II-5
2.1.3 II-6
2.2
(Electromagnetric Method) II-8
2.2.1 II-8
2.2.2 II-11
II-12
1 . .

1.1 II-14
1.2 II-14
1.3 II-14
1.4 II-14
1.5 II-16
1.6 II-18
1.6.1 II-18
1.6.2
2 II-19
1.7 II-22
2 . . .

2.1 II-25
2.2 II-25
2.3 II-25


2.4 II-25
2.5 II-27
2.6 II-28
2.6.1 II-28
2.6.2
2 II-30
2.7 II-31
3 . . .

50
3.1 II-33
3.2 II-33
3.3 II-33
3.4 II-33
3.5 II-35
3.6 II-36
3.6.1 II-36
3.6.2
2 II-38
3.7 II-39
4 . . (Tertiary)

4.1 II-42
4.2 II-42
4.3 II-42
4.4 II-42
4.5 II-45
4.6 II-47


4.6.1 II-47
4.6.2
2 II-49
4.7 II-49
5 . .
5.1 II-53
5.2 II-53
5.3 II-53
5.4 II-53
5.5 II-55
5.6 II-57
5.7 II-58

6 . . .

6.1 II-61
6.2 II-61
6.3 II-61
6.4 II-61
6.5 II-63
6.6 II-65
6.7 II-69
3 II-71



2-1 II-4
2-2 II-5
2-3 - II-6
2-4 ()-()
II-7
2-5
II-9
2-6
(Klein and Lajoie, 1980) II-10
2-7
Horizontal loop EM II-10
2-8 EM MaxMin II-11

1-1 II-14
1-2 II-15
1-3 II-16
1-4 ()-()
Schlumberger II-17
1-5 dipole-dipole II-17
1-6 ()-() 2
dipole-dipole II-18
1-7 (pseudo cross section)
II-19
1-8 (pseudo cross section)
2 II-19
1-9 ()-() II-20
1-10 II-21
2-1 II-26
2-2 II-27


2-3 II-27
2-4
Schlumberger II-27
2-5 2
dipole-dipole II-27
2-6
IP2Win II-28
2-7 (pseudo cross section)
2 II-30
3-1
II-33
3-2 II-34
3-3 ()-()
Schlumberger II-35
3-4 ()-() 2
dipole-dipole II-36
3-5 II-36
3-6
II-39
4-1 II-42
4-2 II-43
4-3 II-45
4-4
2 II-46
4-5 ()-() II-46
4-6 ()-()
2 II-47
4-8 ()-() Pseudo section
Surfer8 II-48


9 ()-()
2 II-49
5-1 II-53
5-2 II-54
5-3 ()-() II-55
5-4 ()-()
Schlumberger II-56
5-5 ()-() 2
dipole-dipole II-56
5-6 Rinvert II-57
5-7
AGI Earth Imager 2D II-57
6-1 II-62
6-2 II-63
6-3 II-64
6-4 MaxMin II-65
6-5 (Pseudo section)
II-66
6-6 Rinvert 3.2 II-66
6-7 Response parameter diagram
5-15
II-68
6-8 Geophysics Profile
II-69


1-1 2 II-22
2-1 II-28
2-2 2 II-31
3-1 II-37
3-2 2 II-40
4-1 2 II-51
5-1 2 II-58
6-1 II-67
6-2 2 II-70
 II-1

(Surface geophysical survey)
2554
3 1
-



-

2 3



2
6
1: . .;

2: . 8 . . .;

3: . . .;

50
4: . .; Tertiary

5: . .;

6: . . .;

 II-2

1 5 (1)
( Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES) (2)
2 (2D Imagine) 6
( Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
Max-Min (Electromagnetic method)

 II-3

2.1 (Resistivity Method)

(physical properties)

geophysical model
geological model


surface electrical-resistivity ,method seismic ,method gravity ,method electro-
magnetic method magnetic method 2
surface electrical-resistivity method electro-magnetic method
(Geophysics Method)

- 2 1)

2) -
()


( 2-1)
 II-4

2-1

2.1.1


(Conductivity)
(Resistivity)


surface electrical-resistivity method
-
- (resistivity)
-



(Resistivity Meter) - (Current
electrodes) (V) (Potential electrodes)

(Resistance, R)
(K)
()
(Ohm laws)
R = V/ I (1)

R (Resistances), []
V , []
I , []
 II-5

() = KR - K (Constant)
Geometric factor K
(Electrode configuration)
2.1.2
(pegging procedures or electrode configurations or electrode
arrays or electrode layouts) (electric poles)
resistivity method current
electrodes 2 ( C1 C2) potential electrodes 2 ( P1 P2)
7 2

1 (Part I)
1. (Schlumberger)
L AB b MN
L 5 b (L 5b) ( 2-2)
(a)

(2)

2-2

2. - (Dipole-dipole)
AB = MN = a AB
MN = na ( 2-3) (a)

(3)
 II-6

2-3 -

2.1.3
( 2-4)
1. (Resistivity meter) Super Sting R8/IP
2. (Multi-electrode system)
4 1,375
3. Switch box
4. (Resistivity meter) IRIS SYSCAL R-1 plus
5. 300 2
6. 4
7. (Electrode) 56
8. 4
9. (GPS)
 II-7

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

()

2-4 ()-()
 II-8

2.2 (Electromagnetric Method)

(paleo-chanals)
50

very low frequency electro-magnetic (VLF-EM) wave
(anomaly areas)
electrical-resistivity
method seismic refraction EM method
()





(noises)

2.2.1





( 2-5)
H = B/
H (/)
B
 II-9

2-5

(Transmitter coil) (Primary magnetic field)

( Eddy
Current )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
( 2-6) (Receiver Coil)
Transmitter ( Primary Magnetic field )
( Secondary Magnetic field )
Phase Amplitude
(Transmitter)

 II-10

2-6 (Klein and Lajoie, 1980)

( Frequency-domain
electromagnetic, FDEM)
Sinusoidal waveform Sine wave
Active
Near-field
(Coil configuration)
Horizontal loop EM 2-7

() ()

2-7 Horizontal loop EM

 II-11

2.2.2
( 2-8)

2-8 EM MaxMin
 II-12

 II-13

1
. .

 II-14

1.1
()

1.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)

1.3

30

1.4




( 1-1)

1-1
 II-15

2 (Terrace
sediment) 1.6 100,000

(Fluviatile and alluvial fan environment)

30-60
(Alluvial sediments) 10,000

(Flood plain, channels) (Alluvial fan)

30-60 ( 1-2)

1-2

6
2 (Qfd)

25 - 40 10 - 20
/ 2

(Qyt)
40 60 5 15 / ( 1-3)
 II-16

1-3

1.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
AB/2 50 ( 1-4) 2
- (electrode) 2 4
2 30-40 1
56 112 roll along
56 ( 1-5 1-6)
 II-17

() ()

() ()

1-4 ()-() Schlumberger

1-5 dipole-dipole
 II-18

() ()

() ()
1-6 ()-() 2 dipole-dipole

1.6
1.6.1
log-log scale
X Y
(pseudo cross section) ( 1-7)
30-50 -
10-20
-
A1-A4
 II-19

1-7 (pseudo cross section)

1.6.2 2
2 AGI Advanced Geosciences, Inc
EarthImager 2D ( 1-8)
4.9-143 - inversion 5-200
- 30-50 - -3
3-8
5-12 - 9-28
100-200 -
28-40
5-10 -
30-50 -

1-8 (pseudo cross section) 2

 II-20

() ()

() ()

() ()

1-9 ()-()
 II-21

1-10
 II-22

( 1-9 1-10)
2553

25-30 (fining upward
sequences) 5-8
8-25
15-20
1-2
8-10 12-15


(unconfined aquifer)

1.7
2
5-15
- 30-50 -
100-200 -
2


2 1-1

1-1 2
VES 2D Imagine

- 200 -
-

-
Earthimager 2D

2

 II-23

1-1 ()

- -
-
-

-

-

-


 II-24

. . .

 II-25

2.1
8

2.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)

2.3

2.4

200
( 2-1)

2
610 1,000
(Quaternary)
(Qa) ( 2-2)


2-10 /
1,500 / ( 2-3)
 II-26

2-1
 II-27

2-2 2-3

2.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
AB/2 150-200 ( 2-4) 2
- (electrode) 9
70-80 1 56 495 ( 2-5)

2-4 2-5 2
Schlumberger dipole-dipole
 II-28

2.6
2.6.1 (Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
7
30-370 - inversion
IP2Win ( 2-6 2-1)

2-6 IP2Win

2-1
(.) (.)
(-)
NJ1 0-1.49 1.49 427
1.49-20.9 19.4 41.4
20.9-43 22.1 103
43- 17.4
NJ2 0-0.29 0.29 88.2
0.29-0.93 0.63 656
0.93-2.31 1.38 9.06
2.31-91.2 88.9 46.5
91.2- 4.61
NJ3 0-0.93 0.93 467
0.93-6 5.06 33.6
6-56.7 50.7 50.4
 II-29

2-1 ()
(.) (.)
(-)
50.7- 24.6
NJ4 0-0.39 0.39 24,742
0.39-2.29 1.98 466
2.29-5.59 3.3 8.99
5.59-12.7 7.09 200
12.7- 29.1
NJ5 0-0.32 0.32 236
0.32-12.6 12.3 51.1
12.6-20.1 7.51 17.7
20.1-46.8 26.7 121
46.8- 0.22
NJ6 0-0.30 0.30 165
0.30-0.85 0.55 569
0.85-5.97 5.12 68.8
5.97-12.1 6.14 14
12.1-53 40.9 85.9
53- 0.14
NJ7 0-0.82 0.82 140
0.82-17 16.2 21.9
17-43.2 26.2 120
43.2 1.34

3 150-500-

3-7 40-90
- 7-40
100-200 -
40 1-5 -

 II-30

2.6.2 2
- electrode 9 56
85 1 492
( 2-7)

2-7 (pseudo cross section) 2

20-100 -
inversion 10-300 -
20 20-30 -
20-60 40-60 -
60
10-20 -

NHJ-3 60
-
0-14 16-25 35-47
2 47

3 /
 II-31

2.7
2

1-5 - 30-50 -
100-200 -
300-500 -
40

2 2-2

2-2 2
VES 2D Imagine

- -
-
- 200 -
-


- -
-
-

-

-

-


-


 II-32

. . .


50
 II-33

3.1

3.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)

3.3

50

3.4

0664238 E 1774256 N 1: 50,000 5141 III
45 ( 3-1)

3-1

2 (Terrace sediment) 1.6
100,000
(Fluviatile and alluvial fan environment)


30-60 (Alluvial sediments)
 II-34

10,000
(Flood plain, channels)
(Alluvial fan)
30-60

6
(Qfd)

25-30 10-20 / ( 3-2)

3-2
 II-35

3.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
AB/2 150-200 ( 3-3) 2
-
100-200 (electrode) 2
4 2 30-40
1 56 112 roll along
56 ( 3-4)

() ()
3-3 ()-() Schlumberger

() ()
 II-36

() ()
3-4 ()-() 2 dipole-dipole

3.6
3.6.1
11
30 - 370 -
inversion IP2Win ( 3-5 3-1)

3-5
 II-37

3-1
(.) (.)
(-)
KH1 0-2.44 2.44 28.9
2.44-5.432 2.992 3.792
5.432-14.72 9.289 38.48
14.72 *inf 12.58
KH2 0-1.91 1.91 16.9
1.91-4.45 2.54 4.38
4.45-10.4 5.96 21.7
10.4-15.8 5.38 2.89
15.8 *inf 37.2
KH3 0-0.345 0.345 104
0.345-4.59 4.25 4.49
4.59-10.9 6.34 10.1
10.9-46 35.1 20.5
46 *inf 1.89
KH4 0-1.08 1.08 64.3
1.08-12.8 11.7 7.32
12.8-29.8 17 20.2
29.8 *inf 7.63
KH5 0-0.6 0.6 9.16
0.6-2.67 2.07 6.23
2.67-5.63 2.96 27.3
5.63-12.2 6.53 4.21
12.2 *inf 16.1
KH6 0-1.44 1.44 38.5
1.44-3.46 2.02 6.18
3.46-10.1 6.62 26.6
10.1-21.5 11.5 2.8
21.5 *inf 44.9
KH7 0-2.02 2.02 0.982
2.02-6.77 4.76 17.3
6.77-28 21.2 10.1
 II-38

3-1 ()
(.) (.)
(-)
>28 *inf 26.1
KH8 0-0.82 0.82 140
0.82-17 16.2 21.9
17-43.2 26.2 120
43.2 1.34
KH9 0-1.967 1.967 37.41
1.967-20.13 18.16 9.8
20.13 *inf 34.41
KH10 0-1.12 1.12 27.7
1.12-2.28 1.16 5.01
2.28-9.91 7.63 19.5
9.91-20.1 10.2 10.5
20.1 *inf 15.3
6 20-30 -
6-25
40-80 - 25
5-10 -
3.6.2 2

35-40

-
222 7.4-228 -
inversion ( 3-6) 5-200 -
2 50-100 -
2-13
5-10 - 13-30
80-200 -
25-30 -


-12
12-40
 II-39

3-6

3.7.
2
1-5 -
30-50 -
10-15 -
40
2 3-2
 II-40

3-2 2
VES 2D Imagine

- 200 -
-

-

Earthimager 2D

2


- -
-


- -




-


 II-41

. .
(Tertiary)
 II-42

4.1

(
)

4.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)

4.3

4.4

320
400-1,100
( 4-1)

4-1
 II-43

(Graben) 2
(Normal fault) -

13
( 4-2)
P2

P3

TR_pt

TR_p

4-2
TR_h

TR_d
TR_pd

 II-44

T


Qt

Qa

PR_v -

Bs

( 3) 3

Qcl
15-40 2-10
Qyt
15-40 2-10

Qot
90-120 150 2-10
20

Tsc
20-60 2

 II-45

4-3

Pc 20-60
2-10
10
Pcms
20-70
2
Bs
20-70
2
Vc
40-60 2

4.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding, VES)
AB/2 200 156
2 -
(Electrode) 9 1 56
504 roll along 12 ( 4-4 4-6)
 II-46

4-4
2

() ()
4-5 ()-()
 II-47

() ()

() ()
4-6 ()-() 2

4.6
4.6.1
156


Ipi2win
Pseudo section Surfer8
13 ( 4-7)

() ()
 II-48

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

()

4-8 ()-() Pseudo section

Surfer8
 II-49

4.6.2 2
2 AGI Advanced Geosciences, Inc
EarthImager 2D
12 ( 4-8)

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

9 ()-() 2

4.7
2
156
2 12
 II-50

-
1-15 -
100-200 -
20-50 -
- 100-
200 -
50-70 -
70-150 -
20
100
10-50 -

2

- 1-15 -
- 20-50 -
- 100-200 -
- 10-50 -
- 50-70 -

- 70-150 -
- 100-200 -
2 4-1
 II-51

4-1 2
VES 2D Imagine

- 200 -
-

-
Earthimager 2D
2

- -
-
-

-

-




-


 II-52

5
. .

 II-53

5.1


10 20
15

5.2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding; VES)
2 (2D Imagine)

5.3


5.4
70

343

2
30 ( 5-1)

5-1
 II-54

-

(Anticline) 10-25
343 ( 5-2)
2

2 .. .
Quartzitic sandstone Limestone


Quartzitic sandstone
( 5-3)

5-2
 II-55

() ()

() ()
5-3 ()-()

5.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding, VES)
AB/2 200 50
2 -
(Electrode) 9 1 56
504 roll along 2 ( 5-4 5-6)
 II-56

() ()

5-4 ()-() Schlumberger

() ()

() ()
5-5 ()-() 2 dipole-dipole
 II-57

5.6
Rinvert 3.2
2
Earth Imager 2D
( 5-6 5-7)

5-6 Rinvert

5-7 AGI Earth Imager 2D

 II-58

5.7

100-500 -
(anomaly)
(fracture zone) (fault Zone) 29-30
(574351E, 1052046N) , 60 (574105E, 1052182N)
97-106 (573908E, 1052445N-573866E, 1052514 N)

40-60 100-110

42-65 2-8 /

2



5-1

5-1 2
VES 2D Imagine

- 200 -
-

-
Earthimager 2D
2

 II-59

5-1 ()
VES 2D Imagine

- -
-

-
-




-


 II-60

. . .

 II-61

6.1
(
) 1

6.2
(Resistivity Sounding Method)
MaxMin (Electromagnetic Method)

6.3

6.4

48 1
3



3
2


-


( 6-1)

2 (Consolidated
aquifers)

(Unconsolidated aquifers)


( 6-2)
 II-62

6-1
 II-63

6-2

6.5
2
(Vertical Electrical Sounding, VES)

14 100 100
MaxMin 5
Transmitter Receiver 100
10 60
8 Horizontal loop EM MaxMin I
EM Tx-Rx 100 (coil separation)
 II-64

Geophysical cross section

( 6-3 6-4)

6-3
 II-65

6-4 MaxMin

6.6
6.1.1
(Pseudo
section) Surfer8
Rinvert 3.2
( 6-5 6-1)
 II-66

6.6.2 MaxMin
Response parameter diagram
( 6-7 6-8)

6-5 (Pseudo section)

6-6 Rinvert 3.2

 II-67

6-1
(.)
(.) (-)
X5 0-0.67 0.67 831.1
0.67-2.3 1.64 1516
2.3-2.84 0.54 19.48
2.84-33.56 30.72 789.2
33.56 *inf 12
X6 0-0.28 0.28 213.5
0.28-1.12 0.83 630.8
1.12-13.6 12.5 153.4
13.6-41.34 27.7 560
41.34 *inf 23
X7 0-0.34 0.34 1223
0.34 3.94 1533
3.94-44.14 40.2 37.53
44.14 *inf 205.6
X8 0-0.74 0.74 473.6
0.74-4.07 3.33 1530
4.07-94.72 90.65 33.4
94.72 *inf 215.4
X10 0-0.76 0.76 232.7
0.76-1.05 0.29 5567
1.05-19.2 18.14 461.2
19.19 *inf 77.56
X11 0-12.89 12.89 437.6
12.89-28.31 15.42 13.95
28.31 *inf 282
X13 0-1.28 1.28 243.7
1.28-6.5 5.2 1205
6.5-16.27 9.77 5.6
16.27 *inf 281.8
X14 0-1.42 1.42 363
1.42-3.7 2.28 1203
 II-68

6-1 ()
(.)
(.) (-)
3.7-50.55 46.84 34.37
50.55 *inf 299.5
X15 0-0.13 0.13 490
0.13-4.42 4.28 1659
4.42-34.47 30.05 70.4
34.47-48.18 13.71 15.28
48.18 *inf 453.1
X19 0-0.69 0.69 58.1
0.69-1.69 0.99 465.3
1.69-54.98 53.29 50.85
54.98 *inf 1463

6-7 Response parameter diagram 5-15

 II-69

6-8 Geophysics Profile

6.7
250 -
20-30 50-250 -
30-50
MaxMin 5/27
0-30 0.03-0.47 / 40-
60 0.01-0.39 /
60 0.23-0.33 /
2 6-2
 II-70

6-2 2
VES 2D Imagine

- - 200
- -
4-5
- -

- -



- -

- 50


-



 II-71

3

3.1



200-300





3.2 2






-
3.3 MaxMin

50




(noises)

, 2544,
6 , 2, ,
328
, 2551 (6 /10):
1000-2550 7000-2550
, , 59
, 2551 (7 /10):
1000-2550 12000-2550
, , 241
, 2546 . : .
373 .