Hoang Trong Anh

Mc l c
Trang
Li ni u.....1
CHNG I. KHI QUT KHU VC THM D......2
1.1. Nhim v v yu cu ca l khoan .............................................................2
1.1.1. Nhim v.................................................................................................. 2
1.1.2. Yu cu....................................................................................................2
1.1.3.V tr a l ta .................................................................................... 3
1.1.4. Tnh hnh kinh t x hi...........................................................................3
1.1.5. C s h tng...........................................................................................5
1.2. c im a cht.........................................................................................5
1.2.1. a tng.................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2. c im kin to..................................................................................... 5
1.2.3 c im khong sn.................................................................................6
1.2.4. Cu to a cht v tnh cht c l ca t .........................................7
2.4.1. Tng ph,phong ha v bi thi..............................................................7
2.4.2. St kt.....................................................................................................7
2.4.3. Ct kt.....................................................................................................7
2.4.4. Sn kt.....................................................................................................8
2.4.5. Bt kt.....................................................................................................8
2.4.6. Than........................................................................................................8
1.3. Cc iu kin a cht c nh hng n cng tc khoan.........................8
1.3.1. t b ri, lin kt yu........................................................................8
1.3.2. t nt n............................................................................................9
1.3.3. t d trng n..................................................................................9
1.3.4. t mi mn......9
CHNG II. THIT CU TRC L KHOAN ....10
2.1. C s la chn v tnh ton cu trc l khoan......10
2.1.1. Da vo mc ch yu cu ca l khoan.......10
2.1.2. Yu t a cht..10
2.1.3. Yu t k thut v cng ngh..................................................................10
2.1.4. Yu t kinh t..11
2.1.5. Yu t an ton.11
2.2. Thit k cu trc l khoan..11
2.2.1. La chn s b cu trc l khoan....11
2.2.2. Tnh ton cu trc l khoan.........11
2.3. La chn s b phng php khoan, cng ngh khoan cho tng
khong khoan ..12
CHNG III. LA CHN THIT B V DNG C KHOAN.... 13
3.1. La chn thit b khoan 13
3.1.1. My khoan13
3.1.1.1. C s la chn my khoan..................................................................13
3.1.1.2. La chn my khoan...........................................................................13
3.1.2. My bm................................................................................................16
3.1.2.1. C s la chn....................................................................................16
3.1.2.2. La chn my bm.............................................................................16
3.1.3. Thp khoan v h thng rng rc....16
3.1.3.1. C s la chn thp khoan......................16
3.1.3.2. La chn thp khoan...................17
3.1.3.3. H thng rng rc................18
3.1.4. Ti ko mu.18
3.1.4.1. C s la chn.................18
3.1.4.2. La chn ti ko mu................................. 18
3.1.5. My tho lp cn khoan...19
3.1.6. My trn dung dch GP - 10..20
3.1.7. My pht in......................................................................................... 20
3.2. Dng c khoan............................................................................................ 20
3.2.1. Dng c cng ngh................................................................................. 20
3.2.1.1. Dng c ph hy t .............................................................................. 20
3.2.1.2. Cn khoan..................................................................................................25
3.2.1.3.u ni..............29
3.2.1.4.ng mu....30
3.2.1.5. ng chng..................................................................................................32
3.2.2. Dng c ph tr..................................................................................... 32
3.2.3. Dng c cu cha s c......................................................................... 34
3.2.3.1. Mt trch.................................................................................................... 34
3.2.3.2. C l cn.................................................................................................... 34
3.2.3.3. Dng c ly du......................................................................................... 34
3.2.3.4. u chp v doa nam chm....................................................................... 34
3.2.3.5. Mc............................................................................................................34
CHNG IV. DUNG DCH KHOAN.............36
4.1. Cc loi dung dch v ang s dng ti vng m...............................36
4.1.1. Dung dch st bentonit..36
4.1.2. Dung dch polyme..............................................................................36
4.2. La chn v tnh ton h dung dch cho tng khong khoan..37
4.2.1. C s phn chia khong khoan la chn dung dch37
4.2.2. La chn dung dch cho tng khong khoan...........37
4.2.2.1. Yu cu37
4.2.2.2. La chn dung dch cho tng khong khoan.......................38
4.2.3. Tnh ton lng dung dch cho tng khong khoan...............................40
4.2.3.1. C s l thuyt tnh ton nh lng cho h dung dch............................... 40
4.2.3.2. Tnh ton nh lng h dung dch cho tng khong khoan......................42
4.3. Gia cng ha hc dung dch khoan.............49
4.3.1. Mc ch gia cng ha hc dung dch khoan...49
4.3.2. Tc dng ca cc ha phm.49
4.3.3. Cch iu ch dung dch ang c s dng...........49
CHNG V. THIT K CH KHOAN CHO TNG KHONG
KHOAN...51
5.1. La chn phng php khoan cho tng khong khoan......................... 51
5.1.1. C s la chn, phn chia khong khoan...................................................... 51
5.1.2. Phn chia khong khoan v phng php khoan cho l khoan LKKH.06....51
5.1.2.1. Khong khoan 0 25m.............................................................................. 51
5.1.2.2. Khong khoan 25 320m.......................................................................... 52
5.1.2.3. Khong khoan320 620m ........................................................................ 52
5.2. Tnh ton thng s ch khoan cho tng khong khoan......................52
5.2.1. C s tnh ton v la chn ch khoan.............................................. 52
5.2.2. Tnh ton cc thng s ch khoan...................................................... 52
5.2.3. La chn cc thng s khoan cho tng khong khoan...........................56
5.3. Cng ngh, k thut khoan..59
5.3.1. K thut khoan m l qua bi thi..59
5.3.2. K thut khoan qua than v ly mu kh.................................................59
5.3.3. c tnh cng ngh khoan ng mu lun...............................................60
5.3.3.1. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca b ng mu lun.........................60
5.3.3.2 c tnh cng ngh khoan ng mu lun............................................. 66
5.3.3.3. Quy trnh cng ngh khoan ng mu lun...........67
5.3.4. K thut khoan bng cng ngh ng mu lun....69
5.4. Cng tc chng ng.................................................................................... 70
5.5. Cng tc trm xi mng............................................................................... 70
5.6. Cng tc kt thc l khoan........................................................................ 70
5.6.1. Cng tc ly mu b xung...................................................................... 70
5.6.2. Cng tc bm ra l khoan.................................................................... 71
5.6.3. Cng tc o a vt l l khoan............................................................... 71
5.6.4. Cng tc lp l khoan , mc............................................................... 71
5.7. Cng tc h thp v bc d thit b........................................................... 72
CHNG VI. KIM TON THIT B V DNG C KHOAN...73
6.1. Kim ton thp khoan................................................................................73
6.2. Kim ton ti khoan................................................................................... 74
6.3. Kim ton cng sut ng c..................................................................... 75
6.3.1. Trong qu trnh khoan............................................................................ 75
6.3.2. Qu trnh nng, th................................................................................. 76
6.3.3. Kim ton ct cn khoan 77
6.3.3.1. Kim ton phn trn ct cn khoan..................................................79
6.3.3.2. Kim ton phn di ct cn khoan.....................................................80
6.4. Kim ton my bm................................................................................... 82
6.4.1. Kim ton cng sut my bm............................................................... 85
6.4.2. Kim ton lu lng.............................................................................. 85
6.4.3. Kim ton cng sut............................................................................... 85
CHNG VII. MT S BIN PHP PHNG NGA, CU CHA S C
V NNG CAO CHT LNG L KHOAN THM D
LKKH.06....86
7.1. S c............................................................................................................ 86
7.1.1. Khi nim.86
7.1.2. Nguyn nhn gy ra s c....86
7.1.3. Nhng bin php phng nga..86
7.2. Cong xin..87
7.2.1. Hu qu ca cong xin l khoan.............................................................87
7.2.2. Nguyn nhn gy cong xin l khoan................................................... .87
7.2.3. Mt s bin php chng cong xin cho l khoan LKKH.06...................88
7.2.3.1. Bin php phng nga.............................................................................. .88
7.2.3.2. Bin php nn thng l khoan................................................................... .88
7.3. Nng cao t l mu.....................................................................................88
7.3.1. Mt s nguyn nhn c th lm gim t l mu khi thi cng l khoan ..88
7.3.2. Bin php nng cao t l mu................................................................89
CHNG VIII. AN TON LAO NG V BO V MI
TRNG........92
8.1. An ton lao ng......................................................................................... 92
8.1.1. An ton lao ng cho ngi................................................................... 92
8.1.2. An ton cho my mc thit b................................................................. 93
8.1.3. An ton cho cng trnh........................................................................... 93
8.1.4. Nhng bin php m bo an ton ca x nghip................................... 94
8.2. Bo v mi trng...................................................................................... 95
CHNG IX. T CHC THI CNG L KHOAN V D TON KINH
T.96
9.1. T chc thi cng l khoan LKKH.06
9.1.1. T chc khoan trng............................................................................ 96
9.1.2. T chc cung cp vt t......................................................................... 96
9.1.3. T chc thi cng ng, nn.................................................................. 97
9.1.4. T chc vn chuyn, xy lp thit b v ln tri..................................... 98
9.1.5. Cng tc khoan.......................................................................................98
9.1.6. T chc tho d thit b khoan v lp l khoan......99
9.1.7. T chc nhn lc....................................................................................99
9.1.7.1. C cu t chc ca n v thi cng l khoan LKKH.06............................99
9.1.7.2. T chc ca lm vic................................................................................ .100
9.2. D ton kinh t......101
9.2.1. D kin thi gian thi cng cho l khoan LKKH.06.......101
9.2.2. Bng d ton kinh t..102
Kt lun....106
Ti liu tham kho...107
DANH MC CC HNH V TRONG N

STT S HNH V TN HNH V TRANG
1 Hnh 1.1 Ct a tng d kin l khoan LKKH.06 Bv.ngoi
2 Hnh 2.1 Cu trc l khoan B.v ngoi
3 Hnh 3.1 My khoan XY 42A 15
4 Hnh 3.2 My bm BW 250 16
5 Hnh 3.3 Chong khoan 3 chp xoay 22
6 Hnh 3.4 Li khoan ng mu lun 24
7 Hnh 3.5 ng mu lun 27
8 Hnh 3.6 Cu to ng mu lun 30
9 Hnh 3.7 Kha tho vn cn khoan ng mu lun 31
10 Hnh 3.8 Vinca 32
11 Hnh 3.9 B kp gi cn khoan 32
12 Hnh 3.10 Mt trch 33
13 Hnh 3.11 C l cn 33
14 Hnh 3.12 Dng c ly du 34
15 Hnh 3.13 u chp 34
16 Hnh 3.14 Doa nam chm 35
17 Hnh 3.15 Mc 35
18 Hnh 5.1 B ng trong v b ng ngoi 60
19 Hnh 5.2 Cu to b ng mu lun 62
20 Hnh 5.3 Dung dch tun hon qua ng mu v li khoan 64
21 Hnh 5.4 Cu to b vt mu 65
22 Hnh 9.1 S b tr khoan trng l khoan LKKH.06 97
23 Hnh 9.2 C cu t chc ca n v thi cng l khoan 99
LKKH.06
DANH MC CC BNG BIU TRONG N
S HIU TN BNG
STT TRANG
BNG
1 3.1 c tnh k thut my khoan XY 42A 14
2 3.2 Thng s k thut my bm BW - 250 16
3 3.3 Thng s k thut ca thp khoan HCX 13 17
4 3.4 c tnh k thut ti ko mu L5 18
5 3.5 Thng s k thut my tho lp cn khoan PT1200 19
6 3.6 c tnh k thut ca my trn 20
7 3.7 Thng s k thut ca my pht in D48 20
8 3.8 Thng s k thut ca chong 1B 132K 22
9 3.9 Thng s k thut ca li khoan kim cng HQ 23
10 3.10 Thng s k thut ca li khoan kim cng NQ 24
11 3.11 Thng s k thut cn khoan ng knh 50mm 26
12 3.12 Thng s k thut cn khoan ng knh HQ 26
13 3.13 Thng s k thut cn khoan ng knh NQ 27
14 3.14 Thng s k thut u ni cn khoan 50mm 28
15 3.15 Thng s k thut b ng mu HQ 28
16 3.16 Thng s k thut b ng mu NQ 29
17 3.17 Thng s k thut ng chng 31
18 4.1 Thng s dung dch khoan 36
19 4.2 Thng s dung dch khoan qua bi thi 38
20 4.3 Thng s dung dch khoan qua tng n nh 39
21 4.4 Thng s dung dch khoan qua st kt v than 39
22 4.5 Bng tng hp thng s dung dch 40
23 5.1 Bng thng s ti trng p 53
24 5.2 Thng s ch khoan tnh ton 56
25 5.3 Thng s ch khoan 56
28 9.1 Bng thi gian thi cng 101
29 9.2 Bng d ton kinh t l khoan LKKH.06 105
1
LI NI U
Thi gian va qua em thc tp ti on a cht 116 Lin on a cht
ng Bc em tip thu c nhiu kin thc thc t v thu thp c nhiu ti
liu v cng ngh khoan thm d khong sn rn. Cng vi kin thc qu gi em
c hc trong trng s l nn tng vng chc em thit k n. Vi em,
n tt nghip l mt trong nhng kt qu hc tp ca 5 nm hc, c ngha ln i
vi em, nh du s sang trang mi ca cuc i. Em mong mun n s l s
vn dng tt c kin thc m mnh c hc. Nn ti thit k thi cng l
khoan LKKH.06 s l mt s la chn hp l.
Trn quan im v c s thng nht ca thy hng dn cng s ng
ca b mn Khoan Khai thc, Khoa Du kh, Trng i hc M - a cht em
thc hin n tt nghip vi ti: Thit k k thut thi cng l khoan
LKKH.06 phng n thm d b sung M Than Khnh Ha x Sn Cm
huyn Ph Lng tnh Thi nguyn gm cc ni dung:
Chng 1: Khi qut khu vc thm d.
Chng 2: Thit k cu trc l khoan.
Chng 3: La chn thit b v dng c khoan.
Chng 4: Dung dch khoan.
Chng 5: Thit k ch khoan cho tng khong khoan.
Chng 6: Kim ton thit b v dng c khoan.
Chng 7: Mt s bin php phng nga, cu cha s c v nng cao cht
lng l khoan LKKH.06.
Chng 8: An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.
Chng 9: T chc thi cng l khoan v d ton kinh t.
Mc d c rt nhiu c gng nhng do hn ch nhiu mt v ti liu thc t v
kinh nghim thc tin sn xut nn n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong
c s gp , ch bo ca cc thy, c v cc bn n c hon thin hn.
Em xin trn trng cm n on a cht 116-Lin on a cht ng Bc
to iu kin cho em c thc tp tt v thu thp ti liu y , cm n cc thy
gio, c gio tn tnh dy bo em trong sut 5 nm qua, cm n s dy bo ca
cc thy, cc c gio trong b mn Khoan Khai thc, Khoa Du kh v c bit l
thy gio TS. Nguyn Trn Tun - ngi tn tnh hng dn, ch bo v to
iu kin tt nht em hon thnh n.
H Ni, thng 6 nm 2016
CHNG I
KHI QUT KHU VC THM D
1.1. Nhim v v yu cu ca l khoan LKKH.06-M than Khnh Ha
2
1.1.1. Nhim v
L khoan LKKH.06 nhm tm kim v thm d than su di 600m vi
nhng yu cu c th sau:
- Nghin cu a tng kin to.
- Xc nh quy lut phn b cc va than phn su.
- ng danh cc va than v d on cc va than khc trong khu vc Khnh
Ha
- iu tra s b cha kh trong than v cc iu kin a cht cng trnh,
a cht thy vn thng qua vic ly mu than, mu .
- Thng qua ct a tng LKKH.06 c th lin h a tng gia cc khu m.
1.1.2. Yu cu: LKKH.06
- Chiu su : 620m
-/knh kt thc:73mm
-Khoan xin: 900
-T l mu 70%.
T l mu than 85%.
Mu kh ly cc va V1
lch 10/100m.
o a vt l l khoan.
Quan trc n gin CTV CCT l khoan v o mc nc tnh.
Tng s mu than v kp ly cc va l 10 mu.
Mu c l ly 05 mu vch v tr cc va than.
Mu kh nh lng 04 mu.
Mu kh nh tnh 01 mu.
1.1. 3 V tr a l, to l khoan thm d.
L khoan LKKH.06 thuc m than Khnh Ha nm trn a phn x Sn
Cm, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn. M nm v pha ty thnh ph Thi
Nguyn, cch thnh ph Thi Nguyn khong 6 -7km theo quc l 3 v quc l 37;
ta trung tm: X: 2390005 (m); Y: 580699 (m) h to VN.2000 KTT 105 0,
mi chiu 60.
1. a hnh
a hnh khu vc thm d thuc a hnh i xen gia cch ng, v cc thung
lng ko di theo phng ty bc - ng nam. Cc i thp y c cao t 40m
n nh hn 160m, nh cao nht c cao 154,8m; l cc i dng bt p, sn
thoi, nh trn, phn ln khng l gc, m ch yu l tn tch, mc l gc
t gy kh khn cho cng tc o v bn a cht v thm d khong sn. a hnh
kh bng phng to iu kin thun li cho cng tc thm d v khai thc sau ny.
3
2. Sng sui
H thng sng sui trong khu vc pht trin ch yu l cc sui nhnh chy
theo hng ty nam ng bc v hng ty bc ng nam lng sui hp, lu
lng nc nh.thun li cho vic cung cp nc khi thi cng khoan
3. Kh hu
Kh hu khu thm d mang c im kh hu nhit i gi ma, chia lm 2
ma r rt:
Ma ma t thng 5 n thng 9, ma kh t thng 10 nm trc n thng 4
nm sau.
Nhit trung bnh hng nm l 22 oC, cc thng nng nht (thng 6, 7, 8), cc
thng ma ng (thng 10, 11, 12) c nhit trung bnh l 15 - 16 oC, c ngy
xung ti 6 - 7oC.
Lng ma trung bnh hng nm t 150mm n 170mm/thng, tp trung
khong 85% vo ma ma (thng 5 n thng 9). Thng c lng ma trung bnh
ln nht l thng 8, lng ma gn bng 30% c nm. Ngc li, vo ma kh rt t
ma, c bit l thng 12, lng ma ch chim 0,5%. m khng kh trung bnh
83 - 87%. Do vy cn tnh ton n thi gian thi cng kt thc trc ma ma ln
1.1.4. Kinh t x hi
1. c im dn c
Dn c sng tp trung thnh cc lng bn dc theo ng quc l v vng
ng bng, ch yu l ngi kinh.
Nhn chung, sn xut nng nghip v bun bn, cng nh cc hot ng x
hi nh gio dc, y t kh pht trin. Khu vc c mng li in Quc gia v
cc mng thng tin vin thng ph sng. Dn c kh ng c, trnh vn ho
pht trin l iu kin thun li cho vic khai thc ca m sau ny, c bit khi cn
ngun nhn lc phc v cho khai thc rt di do.
2. c im kinh t
* Cng nghip
Khu thm d nm gn cc khu cng nghip ln nh: Nh my xi mng Qun
Triu, m than ng Bc (nay ngng khai thc l ni tp trung v tuyn than
ni khc em v) v mt s khu khai thc tn thu ca dn.
* Lm nghip
4
Lm nghip ng vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t ca vng. Khu thm

d ch yu pht trin rng ti sinh gm: g tp, tre, na. Hin nay c mt s rng
mi trng, ch yu l thng, keo, bch n.
* Nng nghip
Nn nng nghip ng vai tr ch o trong vic pht trin kinh t ca vng,
hu ht nhn dn cc dn tc lm ngh trng trt v pht trin chn nui trang tri
gia nh. Cc nng sn chnh ca vng: la, ng, khoai, snNgoi ng ngha v
vi nh nc cn c kh nng p ng nhu cu v lng thc ca nhn dn trong
vng.
* Thng nghip
Do cch trung tm thnh ph thi nguyn gn li l khu m than ang khai
thc nn mng li thng nghip quc doanh v t nhn tri khp cc im tp
trung dn c. Nghnh thng nghip c kh nng p ng nhu cu v hng ha tiu
dng ,sinh hot cho nhn dn trong vng cng nh khi thi cng trong vng m
3. i sng vn ha, chnh tr
i sng vn ha gio dc c pht trin u khp trong vng. Trnh
vn ha ca nhn dn y tng i cao, cc x t lu c trng THCS. V
hot ng vn ha x hi, vn ngh qun chng, hot ng th dc th thao cng
ang c quan tm v pht trin. Cc x u c bu in, th vin, ca hng sch
bo, vn ha phm Mng li y t cng c quan tm v pht trin c th p
ng nhu cu khm cha bnh cho nhn dn.
V chnh tr: Thi Nguyn thuc vng cn c a khng chin chng php
nn nhn dn c truyn thng cch mng v trnh gic ng chnh tr cao, an ninh,
chnh tr bo m tt.
1.1.5. C s h tng
T trung tm m c ng t c th i c ni vi Quc l 3, m cch
Quc l 3 khong 4 km v pha ty. Cch c quan on a cht 116 khong hn
20km ,giao thng i li trong vng kh thun li bi h thng ng cp phi i li
d dng v c ni vi quc quc l 37 i n quc l 3. Nn cng rt thun li
cho vic vn chuyn thit b,vt t gia cng sa cha khi thi cng khoan
iu kin thng tin lin lc rt thun li, tt c cc x u c mng li in
thoi v bu in vn ha x, m bo cung cp thng tin trong nc v quc t
thng sut.
5
Tm li: Nhn chung iu kin kinh t x hi, c s h tng y thun li

cho vic thc hin cng tc thm d v khai thc than sau ny. Sn phm sau khi
khai thc c th vn chuyn bng ng t rt tin li.
1.2. c im a cht m
1.2.1. a tng
1. H tng N Khut (T2l nk)
Phn b pha nam din tch thm d. Thnh phn thch hc ca h tng ch
yu l ct kt, bt kt, phin st nm xen k nhau khng r quy lut. c mu
nu, n xm en. c cu to phn lp, cm v pha ng bc vi gc dc ln t
500 n 700. Quan h bt chnh hp kin to vi h tng Vn Lng phn h tng gia
(T3n-r vl2).
2. H tng Vn Lng Phn h tng gia (T3n-r vl2)
Chim phn ln din tch thm d. Thnh phn thch hc gm sn kt mu
xm vng, xm ghi n xm en; phin st v st vi mu xm tro, xm en v
cc va than. cm v pha ng bc v ty nam, gc dc thoi khong 5 0 n 150,
i ch b v nhu, un ln gc dc ln ti 500 n 600.
3. H t khng phn chia (Q)
Phn b thung lng ni trng la ca dn . Thnh phn gm: si, ct, st
hn hp v mn thc vt, chiu dy t 0,5m n 20m.
1.2.2. Kin to
Trong din tch thm d tn ti 3 t gy chy gn song song vi nhau theo
phng ty bc ng nam l cc t gy F.4; F.5 v F.6.
t gy F.4 v F.6 ng vai tr khng ch va than, t gy F.5 lm cho va
than b phn ct v dch chuyn dn n cu trc a cht v va than trong din tch
thm d thm phc tp.
1.2.3. c im khong sn
Theo bo co Kt qu tm kim than vng ty nam m than Khnh Ha-
Qun Triu, Bc Thi nm 1986 ca on a cht 110, m t m cc va than
chy theo hng ty bc ng nam v c khoanh ni da vo cng trnh nng
ch yu b tr l pha ng bc, cn pha ty nam ni d on l chnh. Cng theo
bo co ny th va cch nhau trung bnh l 30m.
Theo kt qu thm d nm 2011 da vo kt qu khoan my, trong xc
nh y tn ti 5 va than. Va than chy theo hng ty bc ng nam vi
chiu di gn 1 000m c khng ch bi hai t gy F.4 pha ng bc v t
6
gy F.6 pha ty nam. Va b t gy F.5 phn chia thnh hai nhnh l nhnh pha
ng bc v nhnh pha ty nam, bin dch chuyn ca hai nhnh ln dn t pha
ty bc sang pha ng nam theo ng phng ca va. Theo kt qu phn tch th
cnh pha ty nam c tro u 50%, cnh pha ng bc phn t ch tiu v
tro (Ak 50%) cng b gin on theo ng phng. Va cm thoi v pha ng
bc vi gc dc t 50 n 150; i ch gn nh nm ngang. Cc va than c chiu
dy t 2,5m n 5m. Trong va gn nh khng c lp kp, tr ti l khoan LK.X.II.
kp lp phin st dy gn 1,0m.
Bng mt thng quan st cho thy than c mu en, nh m, khi kh xp
nh, d b vn nt. Trong than thng c ln vt cht st nn khi ngm nc c
dng do, i khi mm nho.
Vch l phin st,bt kt tr va l st kt, i khi l phin st.ct kt
Than y xp vo than c nhn hiu t gy n bn antraxit, than c tro
cao.
Cc va than phn b vi chiu su trung bnh t 70 m n 600,700m ch
ph hp vi phng php khai thc hm l sau ny
Kt lun: vy quanh va than thuc h tng Vn Lng v h tng N
Khut.
-Phn di than xen ct kt ct bt kt mu en, xm en, thnh phn thch
anh-silic.
-Phn cha than vi mu xm en cha than, dn dn thay th bng st
than, ct bt kt, phin st mu xm g.
-Phn trn than st vi mu en phn lp mng.
Ton b khu m cc va than ko di theo phng ty bc-ng nam, n
Qun Triu chuyn v phng ng-ty, c ch b un cong theo phng bc nam.
Khu vc cha than m Khnh Ha-B Sn-Qun Triu nm trong mt np lm ho
st b ct xn v vn v . Cu to v phng ko di, va c lin quan vi m B
Sn m chng ti m t phn trn. Than c nhn hiu than gy n antraxit.
Hin nay m ang c khai thc.
1.2.4. Cu to a cht v tnh cht c l ca t
Theo ct a tng d kin th l khoan c tng hp nh sau:
- 20 m tng ph-phong ha c cng cp I IV.
- 127m tng ct kt c cng cp VII X.
- 422 m bt kt c cng cp V VIII.
- 16 m st than,st kt c cng cp III-VI.
7
- 15m sn kt c cng cp VIII-X.

- 20 m than c cng cp I- III V.
Ct a tng d kin l khoan LKKH.06-M Than Khnh Ha(Bn v s 01)
1.2.4.1 Tng t ph-phong ha:
- Tng t ph v phong ha c chiu dy 20 m gm t trng trt,t st
pha ct,ct kt phong ha lin kt yu c cng t cp I-IV theo khoan v 1 s
thi l cc tng ct kt ,bt kt ra trong qu trnh m moong khai thc
1.2.4.2. St kt
C mt lp vi chiu dy 16m. C mu xm en, mm b, gp nc b
trng n. mi mn thuc nhm I. Mt s tnh cht c, l nh sau:
nMax: 880kg/cm2 nMin: 178kg/cm2, trung bnh 485,35kg/cm2.
Dung trng : 2,52 2,86g/cm3, trung bnh 2,64g/cm3.
T trng : 2,56 3,08g/cm3, trung bnh 2,72g/cm3.
Cp III VI theo khoan.
1.2.4.3. Ct kt:
- Phn b trong khong t 20- 485m gm 4 lp c tng chiu dy l 127m
Phn b tng i u trong khu vc, bao gm ht th n mn, c
mu xm trng n xm en.xm vng... Thnh phn cc ht ch yu l ct thch
anh, xi mng gn kt l st silic. c cu to khi, phn lp dy n va v b nt
n mnh. i ch ct kt l vch v tr trc tip ca va than nhng phn b khng
lin tc. rn chc, mi mn thuc nhm III. Mt s tnh cht c, l nh
sau:
nMax: 3132 kg/cm2 nMin: 133 kg/cm2, trung bnh 1079.99 kg/cm2.
T trng : 2,50 3,10g/cm3 trung bnh 2,70g/cm3.
Cp VIII X theo khoan.
1.2.4.4. Sn kt:
- c 1 lp sn kt vi chiu dy 15 m
C mu xm trng n xm tro, xi mng gn kt l silic. C cu to t lp
mng n trung bnh, nt n mnh pht trin theo nhiu h khng c quy lut. Mt
s tnh cht c, l nh sau:
nMax: 3733kg/cm2 nMin: 148,14 kg/cm2, trung bnh 1309,43 kg/cm2.
Cp IX X theo khoan.
1.2.4.5 Bt kt:
8
Bt kt chim t l ln trong phng n khoan ny.C 8 lp bt kt vi tng

chiu dy 422 m. mu xm; xm en; ht bin i t ht mn n th. Thnh
phn khong vt: St xerilit; thch anh ht nh mn, ngoi ra cn c thnh phn cht
to than, cht gn kt l st xerixit. mi mn thuc nhm II-III. Mt s tnh cht
c, l nh sau:
nMax 1813 kg/cm2 nMin 110,84 kg/cm2, trung bnh 595,44 kg/cm2.
Cp V VIII theo khoan.
Vi c im l n nh, rt t nt n, t mi mn.
1.2.4.6. Than
Than gm 5 va. Cc va than mng t 2-5m c 5 va; c lp kp. Than
ch yu l than cm b ri, cng cp I-III theo khoan, d b v vn di tc
dng c hc hoc dng nc ra. Ngoi ra cn c than , cng c nh bc,
cng cp IV V theo khoan.
1.3. nh hng ca cc iu kin a cht n cng tc khoan
1.3.1. t b ri, lin kt yu
c trng cho loi t ny l tng ph ,bi thi v st than,than cm
(ngoi ra st than, than cm cn lm cho nht ca dung dch tng cao d gy kt
mt b dng c v tn hao nng lng bm dung dch v quay ct cn khoan).
Do t lin kt yu, cha nhiu khe nt v l hng, t khng ng
nht. Nn khoan qua cc tng ny gp cc hin tng sau:
- Mt nc t t n nghim trng.
- Sp l thnh l khoan.
- cha, nh.kh ly mu
1.3.2. t nt n
Khe nt c trong cc lp ct kt, sn kt. Khe nt c kch thc v
m nh; cha cc cht lp nht nh st v cc oxit. Cc khe nt kiu ny thng
gy mt nc nh n va (c th x l bng cch thay i thng s dung dch).
1.3.3. t d trng n
c trng cho tnh cht ny l tng st v st than.
Tnh cht trng n khi gp nc ca cc tng st kt v st than l
nguyn nhn trc tip gy kt mt b dng c, lm tng momen quay ct cn
khoan (c bit trong cng ngh khoan ng mu lun - khong cch gia cn
9
khoan v thnh l khoan ch 2 -3mm). Hin tng kt mt cn l nguyn nhn

gin tip dn n cc hin tng lng ng mn khoan khi khng tun hon
c dng dung dch, gy qu ti cho ng c ri c th gy ra s c: kt
b dng c, t gy cn khoan Cho nn ngi th khoan cn c phng n
khc phc cu cha kp thi trnh hin tng s c ny c th ko theo s c
khc, nhiu khi phi hy b l khoan.
1.3.4. t mi mn
Trong phng n thi cng l khoan LKKH.06 cc tng t u c tnh
mi mn. Trong tng ct kt v sn kt c tnh mi mn cao nht.
Khoan qua cc tng t c tnh mi mn th b dng c khoan b hao
mn nhanh c bit l li khoan. Gy thit hi v vt t v lm gim tc c hc
khoan.
Cho nn cn la chn loi li khoan v c ch khoan hp l.
Nh vy: Vi nhng thng tin a cht qu gi trn s l c s u tin
la chn v tnh ton cu trc l khoan, phng php khoan, loi li khoan v ch
khoan cc chng sau.
CHNG II
THIT K CU TRC L KHOAN
2.1. C s la chn v tnh ton cu trc l khoan
2.1.1. Da vo mc ch yu cu ca l khoan
Thit k l khoan tun theo nguyn tc: T di ln trn, t trong ra ngoi. Nn
ng knh kt thc l khoan c da trn ng knh mu yu cu.
Cn c vo t l mu yu cu, ta xc nh dng c ly mu hp l nh: ng
mu nng n, nng i hay ng mu lun. Do vy ng knh l khoan cn ph
thuc s la chn ng mu hay t l mu yu cu.
10
Xt v li ch kinh t, ng knh l khoan cng nh cng tt. Khoan kim

cng c th khoan c l khoan c ng knh 59mm, 46mm. Nhng hin nay
hu ht cc dng c o a vt l hay cc dng c phn tch mu u c ng knh
ln hn 59mm.Nn ng knh l khoan cn b nh hng ca ng knh dng c
o a vt l. Ngoi ra ta cn xem xt n iu kin thit b sn c ca c quan
a ra s la chn hp l,hiu qu ,tit kim nht
Vic xc nh ng knh cui cng ca l khoan cn c kt hp cht ch t cc
yu t trn. y l c s u tin la chn cu trc l khoan.
2.1.2. Yu t a cht
Cc iu kin a cht c nh hng ln nht n s cp ng knh l khoan.
Mi khi c phc tp a cht m khng th khc phc c th phi chng ng v
h cp ng knh Do cn phi phn tch nh gi k lng yu t a cht
c bin php khc phc s phc tp, trnh s c, ng thi a ra quyt nh la
chn cu trc l khoan hp l. Do vy y l yu t quan trng nht nh hng ti
s lng cp ng knh v ng knh l khoan.
2.1.3. Yu t k thut v cng ngh
ng knh l khoan ph thuc vo chng loi my mc thit b khoan. nu p
dng cng ngh khoan ng mu lun: s gim c thi gian ko th,tng c thi
gian khoan thun ty v tng nng sut khoan nhng loi ng knh li khoan rt
hn ch. Hin nay cng ty ch c 2 loi: ng knh b nht 76mm(NQ) v ng
knh tip gip l 96mm(HQ). Nn s khng c ng knh d phng.
Vi my mc thit b khoan tt, cng ngh khoan hin i khc phc hn ch
c nhiu hin tng phc tp. Khi , cp ng knh cng t i, cu trc l
khoan s n gin hn.
2.1.4. Yu t kinh t
y l yu t xuyn sut c qu trnh thit k cu trc l khoan. Mt cu trc l
khoan va phi tit kim ti a ng chng, dng c ph hy t , thi gian thi
cngli va phi m bo yu t k thut. Do vy, l khoan cn phi c cu trc
n gin nht nu c th. y l yu t khch quan i hi ngi thit k phi qun
trit trong mi khu thit k.
2.1.5. Yu t an ton
L khoan l cng trnh tn km, vic cu cha s c hay phi hy b l khoan
gy thit hi rt ln v kinh t. Cho nn, ngoi c nhng bin php phc phc s
11
phc tp cn cn phi c mt cp ng knh d phng phng trng hp

xu nht c th xy ra.
2.2. Thit k cu trc l khoan
2.2.1. La chn s b cu trc l khoan
Do khoan qua tng bi ph d sp l, mt nc nn ta h cp ng knh v
chng ng su 25m sau khi khoan vo tng ct kt 5m. T su 25m n
620m t ch yu l ct kt, bt kt, st kt, sn kt, than c cng trung bnh
v tng i n nh. Nhng gim ma st gia thnh l khoan v b khoan c
ng c v gim cng sut quay ca ct cn khoan v tng nng sut khoan em
h cp ng knh su 320m.
Nh vy theo d kin cu trc l khoan s c 3 cp ng knh (2 ln h cp
ng knh).
2.2.2. Tnh ton cu trc l khoan
Xut pht t yu cu ng knh mu, ta chn ng knh kt thc l khoan l
76mm (s dng b ng mu NQ cng ngh khoan ng mu lun).
su 304 m c lp bt kt dy khong 81m, c chiu dy ln, n nh. Nn
em h cp ng knh su 320m (sau khi khoan vo tng bt kt 16 m).
Nhng on l khoan c su ln cn phi c ng knh d phng c th
khoan doa cu nhng s c m khng th ly c b dng c khoan ln. Nhng
do ng knh ca b khoan c ng mu lun khng a dng, hin nay ch yu s
dng c H v c N. n gin v thun tin em chn cp ng knh tip theo l
96mm (c H).
Nh vy, trong khong khoan 320m n 620m s khng c ng knh d
phng. Nu gp s c, v nhiu l do m khng th ly c ht b b dng c
khoan ln, trnh phi hy b l khoan gy thit hi ln v kinh t, ta c th
khoan doa vi ng knh HQ, khoan kim cng truyn thng ng knh l khoan
76mm,hoc t mng khoan xin vi b dng c khoan ko th s dng cn 50 nu
chiu su kt thc khng ln
+ Phng n khoan doa: Bt buc phi khoan doa t v tr 320m. Nn phng
n ny thch hp khi v tr s c cch v tr h cp ng knh trc khng ln.
+ Phng n khoan xin: t mng xin ,nh v v c nh mng v khoan
xin n chiu su thit k vi ng knh 76mm bng cng ngh khoan kim cng
truyn thng. Phng n ny c nhc im l phi nh hng mng xin v cng
ngh khoan xin phc tp, nng sut thp v chiu di khoan khng ln lm. Nhng
c u im l khng phi khoan doa t su 320m.
12
Ty tng trng hp c th la chn c phng n ph hp mang li hiu

qu kinh t cao.
Trong khong chiu su t 0 20m ta s gp bi thi, khi khoan trong tng ny
hin tng sp l v mt dung dch s xy ra nn phi chng ng. Do vy cp
ng knh tip theo l 132mm, chng ng 127mm.
Bng 2.1. Bng thng k cu trc l khoan
Thng s Chiu dy l khoan ng chng B khoan c

on(m) (m) (mm) (mm) (loi)
0 25 25 132 127 Chong K
25 320 295 96 -- HQ
320 620 300 75,8 -- NQ
Cu trc l khoan l khoan LKKH.06(Bn v 01)

2.3. La chn s b phng php khoan, cng ngh khoan cho tng
khong khoan
T 0 25m: Khoan xoay ph mu.
T 25 320m: Khoan ly mu bng cng ngh khoan ng mu lun HQ
T 320-620m :Khoan ly mu bng cng ngh khoan ng mu lun NQ
(B sung cu trc l khoan)
CHNG III
LA CHN THIT B V DNG C KHOAN
3.1. La chn thit b khoan
Trong khoan thm d, khi m thng tin v ct a tng c tin cy khng cao
v ch c cung cp rt ngn gn v a tng nh: nt n , st trng n, d sp
l, tng cha nc, th vic la chn cc thng s ca thit b khoan cn phi c
mt h s an ton no . Va phi m bo gii php k thut ti u va m bo
chi ph nh nht.
3.1.1. My khoan
3.1.1.1. C s la chn my khoan
Vic la chn my khoan phi va m bo yu t k thut va m bo yu t
kinh t.
13
*Yu t k thut:
My khoan phi c tc quay ph hp, nht l trong khoan kim cng th tc
quay l mt yu t rt quan trng nh hng ln n tc khoan.
Trong khoan thm d bao gi cng c s sai lch v chiu su ca ct a tng,
c th l khoan s c thi cng su hn so vi d kin, nn my khoan c la
chn phi khoan c n su ln hn so vi d kin.
Lc nng v lc p ca my khoan phi khc phc cc hin tng phc tp
cng nh cu cha s c l khoan nh kt mt b dng c khoan
Mt s my khoan i c c thit k cho cng ngh khoan thng, khi p
dng vo cng ngh khoan ng mu lun cn phi c tnh ton, quy i li cho
hp l.
*Yu t kinh t:
My khoan cn c cng sut va phi nhng phi m bo khoan c chiu
su thit k, tit kim nhin liu, ng thi bo m c tin khoan. Ngoi
ra, vic phn b hp l cc my khoan trong mt n v thi cng cng mang li hiu
qu kinh t cao. Nn vic la chn my khoan cng cn phi xt n iu kin trang
thit b hin c ca n v thi cng.
3.1.1.2. La chn my khoan
L khoan LKKH.06- c chiu su d kin l 620m. Do m bo an ton
my khoan cn c th khoan c n su ln hn 620m. ng thi m bo
yu t kinh t, chiu su khoan ti a ca my ng vi ng knh 76mm ln hn
so vi 620m. Xt thy my khoan XY-42A do Trung Quc sn xut c cng sut
ph hp v c nhiu u im vt tri nn trong phng n ny em la chn my
khoan XY-42A.
Bng 3.1. c tnh k thut ca my khoan XY- 42A
Stt Danh mc n v Gi tr/Kiu
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 Cn khoan 42mm 1100
Chiu su Cn khoan 50mm 820
khoan c Cn khoan AQ m 1200
Cn khoan BQ 950
Cn khoan HQ 500
Cn khoan NQ 730
2 Gc khoan 0 360
3 Tc quay ca trc Spinden v/ph
-Quay phi chm 82; 151; 215; 313;
u quay - Quay phi nhanh 251; 463; 661; 961
14
Momen xon ln nht kNm 3,2

Hnh trnh trc ng mm 600
Lc ko ti a kN 80
Lc p ti a kN 60
4 ng c ng c diezel Deutz F4L912 kw 38
dn ng S vng quay ca trc v/ph 1800
Loi cp 6 19 + 1
ng knh cp mm 18,5
5 Ti Ti trng nng ln nht kN 40
Khoan Tc cun cp m/s 0,52; 0,96; 1,36; 1,98;
0,78; 1,44; 2,06; 2,99
Cn ma st kiu a
6 B li hp n
7 Hp s 4 s thun, 1 s li
8 Bm du Bm du bnh rng n SCB-32
- Lu lng (Max) l/ph 32
- p lc cng vic Mpa 8
- p lc ln nht
Mpa 12
9 B phanh Vn tc quay v/ph 700 800
thy lc Tc cn bng ca mt si dy m/s 3 8
Ph ti cn bng ca mt si dy kN 45
Kiu/Loi Kiu trt
Hnh trnh tin li mm 460
10 Gi my
Kch Km ng c diezen mm 2730 1100 1860
thc Km ng c in mm 2700 1100 1800
11 Trng lng my khoan kg 1800
12 Trng lng b phn ln nht c th tho ri kg 200
15
Hnh 3.1. My khoan XY-42A
3.1.2. My bm
3.1.2.1. C s la chn
Chiu su khoan: My bm phi c p sut ln y dung dch khoan
t y l khoan ln ti ming l khoan v khc phc cc hin tng phc tp v s
c.
Tnh cht t v khong khng vnh xuyn: Hai yu t ny quyt nh tc
i ln ca dung dch khoan. Cho nn my bm cn c lu lng ph hp mang
c mn khoan ln mt t.
Yu t kinh t: My bm c la chn cn phi m bo hot ng n nh,
d iu chnh lu lng, tit kim nng lng.
3.1.2.2. La chn my bm
Cn c vo c s trn em la chn my bm piston BW-250 loi my bm c 3
xilanh tc dng n v ang c s dng kh ph bin hin nay.
16
Bng 3.2. Thng s k thut ca my bm BW-250
Ch tiu n v tnh Gi tr
S lng xi lanh Ci 3
Lu lng l/p 250
p sut At 70
Trng lng Kg 500
Cng sut Kw 15
Hnh 3.2. My
bm BW 250
3.1.3. Thp khoan v
h thng rng rc
3.1.3.1. C s
la chn thp khoan
- Da vo loi my
khoan: Thp khoan phi ph hp vi kh nng lm vic ca my khoan, pht huy
cng sut ca my khoan ng thi gim chi ph nng th cng nh m bo an
ton cho qu trnh thi cng.
- Chiu su thi cng: Phn nh c chiu di cn dng v ti trng nng th.
y l c s la chn s b chiu cao thp v sc nng ti a ca thp.
- Ngoi ra vic la chn thp cn phi xt n trang thit b hin c ca n v
ang thi cng v tn dng ti a nguyn liu c sn ca khu vc a phng c l
khoan ang thi cng.
3.1.3.2. La chn thp khoan
Vic chn thp khoan da vo cc yu cu :
- Thp phi lm vic n nh.
- Phi chu c nhng ti trng theo chiu su thit k l khoan, gim thi
gian nng th b dng c.
- Thp phi ph hp vi iu kin vn chuyn xy lp
tnh ton chiu cao thp em s dng cng thc :
H= K2.(lcd + l1) (3.1)
Trong :
H: L chiu cao thp (m).
17
K2: L h s ph thuc c cu nng, K2=1,2-1,5.

lcd: Chiu di cn dng (m). V l khoan c chiu su 620m nn thun tin
cho cng tc ko th em chn: lcd = 9m.( tng ng vi 2 cn 50 v 3 cn khoan
lun..)
l1: Chiu di tng cng ca cc c cu nng: mc nng, rng rc ng, phn
ng chng nh khi ming l khoan (m). Ly l1 = 1m.
Thay vo cng thc trn ta c :
H = (1,2 1,5).10 = 12 15 (m)
Loi thp HCX 13 c cc c im ph hp vi phng n ny
Bng 3.3. Thng s k thut ca thp khoan HCX - 13
TT Cc thng s ca thp n v Gi tr
1 Chiu cao m 13
2 Ti trng trn rng rc tnh (sc nng) Tn 16,3
3 Chiu di cn dng m 9
4 Kch thc khung di m 3,8 x 4,7
5 S puly rng rc tnh ci 3
6 Gc iu chnh ca thp 75 90
7 Trng lng thp Tn 3,942
3.1.3.3. H thng rng rc

Do l khoan LKKH.06 c chiu su kh ln, khoan bng cng ngh khoan ng
mu lun c ma st gia ct cn khoan v thnh l khoan kh ln. Nn m bo
an ton cho qu trnh thi cng, m bo cng tc nng th c thun tin em
chn h thng rng rc c 2 rng rc ng.
3.1.4. Ti ko mu
3.1.4.1. C s la chn
- Chiu di cp: Ti ko mu cn phi c chiu di cp ln hn chiu su l
khoan.
- Trong cng ngh khoan ng mu lun, cng vic ko mu yu cu phi nh
nhng, tc n nh. Nn ti ko mu cn phi p ng c nhng yu cu trn.
3.1.4.2. La chn ti ko mu
p ng c yu cu trn ti ko mu c la chn phi p ng c
nhng c im sau:
- C chiu di cp ln hn 620m.
- Cng sut ng c ln v hot ng n nh.
- Cp, vng bi, phanhhot ng n nh.
18
Cho nn em la chn ti ko mu L5 - l loi ang c s dng ph bin hin

nay.
Bng 3.4. c tnh k thut ca ti ko mu L5
Stt Ch tiu - Danh mc VT Gi tr
S mt cp trong tang ti
1
+ Loi cp ng knh 5,1mm
m 2.100
+ Loi cp ng knh 6,9mm
m 1.250
Cp k hiu
2 - V-0Z-N-1.600
Sc ko ti a ca ti
3 N 5.800
S tc
4 S 2
Tc cun cp
5 m/s
+ Lp u
- 1,26/1,80
+ Lp cui
- 2,81/4,02
Loi ng c
6 4A112MY3
+ Cng sut
kw 5,5
+ Tc quay
v/ph 1450
Kch thc
7 mm 870x800x1030
Trng lng
8
+ Ti
kg 350
+ ng c in
kg 75
+ Cp ng knh 5,1mm
kg 200
+ Cp
kg 220
3.1.5. My tho lp cn khoan

Do p dng phng php khoan xoay ph t 0 20m, v sau ny phc v
cho cng tc bm trm ,lp l khoan,phng nga xy ra s c bt buc phi s dng
19
phng php khoan truyn thng , tit kim thi gian ph tr v nng cao cng
sut, trong phng n ny em chn s dng my tho lp cn khoan PT1200 - l
loi my ang c s dng ph bin hin nay.
Bng 3.5. Thng s k thut ca my tho lp cn khoan PT1200
Stt c tnh n v Gi tr
1 M men xon ti a kGm 350
2 Tc quay ca thanh gt v/p 50
3 ng knh cn khoan s dng mm 42; 50; 63,5
4 Cng sut kw 2,8
5 Trng lng ca my kg 260
6 Kch thc: -Chiu di mm 885
-Chiu rng 495
-Chiu cao 700

3.1.6. My trn dung dch GP - 10
Bng 3.6. c tnh k thut ca my trn
Thng s
n v OX-7A
1.Dung tch m3 0,75
2.V tr trc Thng ng
3.S lng trc ci 1
4.Tc quay v/ph
-Puli - 235
-Trc - 95
5.Cng sut ng c kw 4,5
6.Kch thc my mm 1255x1220x1685
7.Trng lng Kg 385
3.1.7. My pht in
My pht in phi c cng sut ln cho my bm, thng trn dung dch,
my tho lp cn, ti ko mu v n thp sng cng hot ng.
Tng cng sut nh mc ca my v in thp sng l: 30kw.
20
Do vy cng sut ca my pht in phi ln hn 30kw. Da vo trang thit b

hin c ca cng ty v m bo an ton cho qu trnh khoan em chn my pht
in D48
Bng 3.7. Thng s k thut my pht in D48
Thng s n v D48
Cng sut Kw 36
S vng quay Vng/pht 1600
S xi lanh Ci 4
3.2. Dng c khoan

3.2.1. Dng c cng ngh
3.2.1.1. Dng c ph hy t
a)C s la chn dng c ph hy t .
- Tnh cht c l ca t : y l c s quan trng nht, nh hng ti tc
khoan trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Vic la chn dng c ph hy t ph hp
vi t s mang li nng sut cao.
- Da vo mc ch ca l khoan: Ly mu hay ph hy mu.
- Da vo kinh nghim thi cng ca l khoan c tnh cht t tng t trong
khu vc.
- Da vo cu trc l khoan: Chn c ng knh ca l khoan.
Chiu dy v s phn b ca cc tng t : - phn t ph v bi thi khng
yu cu ly mu nn c th s dng choong khoan ph mu
Trong phng n khoan t gm cc lp ct kt, sn kt c cng n cp
X v mi mn mnh gn nh nhau, nn c th dng cng 1 loi li khoan kim
cng thm nhim. Bt kt c cng cp: V- VIII, mi mn thp v cha t
thch anh nn c th dng li khoan kim cng 1lp
Vic la chn dng c ph hy t l s kt hp ca nhiu yu t trn.
thun tin cho vic s dng v chn c dng c ph hy hp l em chn dng c
ph hy t cho tng khong khoan.
b)La chn dng c ph hy cho tng khong khoan.
* C s la chn phn chia khong khoan (ph hp vi li khoan, chong
khoan).
n gin em la chn khong khoan da vo cp ng knh l khoan.
Trong mi khong khoan s chia thnh cc on l khoan. Mi on l khoan s s
dng 1 loi li khoan. Nh vy c 3 khong khoan nh sau:
- Khong khoan: 0 25m.
- Khong khoan: 25 320m. /knh HQ: 96 mm
21
- Khong khoan : 320 620m./knh NQ:75.8 mm

* Khong 0 25m: Khoan qua tng t ph,phong ha ,thi dy 20m v
khoan vo tng ct kt 5m. Do khong khoan c su khng ln (25m) khng cn
ly mu nn em s dng chong 3 chp xoay.
Khong khoan ny khoan qua 20 m bi thi c cng rt rng ri t cp I-III
V v 5m tng ct kt c cng cpVII- X, khong khoan c chiu di :25m em
la chn choong ba chp xoay loi k ng knh 132 mm
* Tnh ton s lng chong khoan cn thit:
Tiu hao chong khoan K c th t trn 100m/chong vi cc tng t n
nh, lin khi. Do bi thi t khng n nh nhng chiu dy c 25m nn em
s dng 1 ci.
Bng 3.8. Thng s k thut ca chong 1B-132K
Thng s Chiu S chp l thot Khi S lng
ngoi cao xoay nc ra lng (ci)

Loi
(mm) (mm) (chic) (mm) (kg)
1B-132K 132 183 3 25 7 1
1- Ren ni
2- Thn chong
3- Chn chong
4- L thot nc
5 5- Chp xoay
3
2
4
1
22
Hnh 3.3. Chong khoan 3 chp xoay
*Khong 25 320m: Khoan bng cng ngh khoan ng mu lun.

Thnh phn t gm: Ct kt, sn kt, bt kt, than + kp c cng t
cp IV X.
Li khoan kim cng thm nhim T2 - HQ do cng ty Longyear sn xut
khoan c t cp VIII XII, nn cng ph hp khoan qua cc tng ct kt v
sn kt.
Bt kt c cng t cp VVIII, n nh, t nt n, t mi mn, khoan bng
li khoan kim cng 1 lp hiu qu hn so vi li khoan kim cng thm nhim.
V a tng c tng bt kt cng tng i dy nn em dng li khoan kim cng
mt lp HQ khi khoan qua cc tng ny.
Nh vy, khong khoan ny chia ra:
- 57m ct kt v 15m sn kt dng li kim cng thm nhim.
- 164.5m bt kt v 16 m st than, st kt , dng li kim cng mt lp.
- 12.5m than + kp. Khi khoan n va than th ta vn dng loi li khoan
tng trn va khoan qua va.
*Tnh ton s lng li khoan cn thit:
Theo s liu thng k ca cng ty a cht m : khu vc Qung Ninh tin
trung bnh ca li khoan kim cng l 36,7(m/li).
Theo thng tin ca hng Longyear, khoan ng mu lun trong c cng
cp VII IX l tt nht v tin li khoan t 40-300(m/li). Khoan trong
t cng cp X - XII tin li khoan t 15 50 (m/li).
Tin ca li khoan khng ch ph thuc cng t m cn ph thuc
vo nt n, mi mn v cc thng s ch khoan. Tin li khoan c th
t ti 300 (m/li). Nghin cu nng cao tin li khoan mt nhiu thi gian v
cng sc v c quy m nh mt cng trnh nghin cu. Trong phm vi n tt
nghip, em ly kt qu trung bnh tin li khoan theo thc t l 35(m/li).
Vic s dng li khoan hin nay vn cha t hiu qu cao, nn s lng li
khoan tnh ton hon ton mang tnh cht d kin.
Nh vy li khoan cn thit khoan trong khong khoan ny l:
164.5 16
S li khoan kim cng 1 lp: n= 5,2 ci
35
S dng 6 ci v ly d phng 1 ci. Nn ly n = 7(ci)
57 15
S li khoan kim cng thm nhim l: n= 2,05 (ci)
35
S dng 2 ci v ly d phng 1 ci. Nn ly n = 1 (ci)
Bng 3.9. Thng s k thut li khoan kim cng HQ
23
Thng s ngoi Chiu dy ng vnh Din tch S lng
(mm) (mm) (ci)

Li khoan knhmu m rng li khoan
2
(mm) (mm) (cm )
Thm nhim 95,6 16 63,5 96 40,1 3
Mt lp 95,6 16 63,5 96 40,1 7
Vi: Din tch mt y lm vic li khoan HQ l:

S
4
D 2 d 2 80% 4 95,6 2 63,5 2 80% 3208mm 2
S 3208mm 2
S 32,1cm 2
*Khong 320620m: Khoan bng cng ngh ng mu lun B ng mu NQ.
iu kin a cht tng t nh khong trn, a tng ch yu l bt kt v ct
kt, st kt xen kp mng nn em vn la chn li khoan kim cng mt lp v
thm nhim loi -NQ.( ng knh l khoan 75,8mm)
Nh vy, khong khoan ny chia ra:
- 35m ct kt dng li kim cng thm nhim.
- 257,5m bt kt dng li kim cng mt lp.
- 7,5 than cm,kp + kp. Khi qua va than m thay i tng t th ta vn
dng loi li khoan tng trn va khoan qua va.
*Tnh ton s lng li khoan cn thit: Nh trnh by trn, tin trung
bnh ca li khoan kim cng thm nhim l 35 (m/li). Nh vy s li khoan
cn thit trong khong khoan ny l:
S li khoan kim cng 1 lp:
257,5
n= 7,3
35
S dng 8 ci v d phng 1ci. Nn ly n = 9 (ci)

S li khoan kim cng thm nhim l:
35
n= 1 (ci)
35
S dng 1 ci chn n = 1 (ci) d phng 1 ly 2 ci
Bng 3.10. Thng s k thut ca li khoan kim cng NQ
Thng s Chiu mu vnh Din tch S lng
Ngoi dy (mm) m rng li khoan (ci)
(mm) (mm) (mm) 2
(cm )
24
Li khoan
Mt lp 74,6 13,5 47,6 75,8 25,9 9

Thm nhim 74,6 13,5 47,6 75,8 25,9 2
Vi: Din tch mt y lm vic li khoan l:

S
4
D 2 d 2 80% 74,6 2 47,6 2 80% 2073mm 2
4
S 2073mm 2
S 20,73cm 2
Hnh 3.4. Li khoan ng mu lun

v ng n nh thnh ca hng Boat Longyear
3.2.1.2. Cn khoan.
a)C s la chn cn khoan.
Vic la chn cn loi cn khoan ph thuc ch yu vo phng php khoan v
cng ngh khoan. Cng ngh khoan truyn thng th dng cn thng, cng ngh
khoan ng mu lun dng cn chuyn dng (V d: NQ, HQ).
La chn ng knh cn khoan da vo chiu su l khoan v ng knh l
khoan.
Mt s trng hp cn thit tng chiu su l khoan ti a, ta c th phi
gim ng knh ct cn khoan, ng knh l khoan.
Ngoi ra, cn khoan c la chn phi tha mn yu cu k thut sau: khng
cong, vnh, u ni ren khng hng, cc cn khoan c mn tng ng, v
mn u trnh tp chung ng sut ti mt im gy gy ct cn khoan.
25
b)La chn cn khoan cho tng khong khoan.

Da vo cc yu cu trn, khong khoan c chia thnh 3 khong l:
Khong 0 25m
Khong 25 320m
Khong 320 620m
*Khong 025m: p dng phng php khoan xoay ph mu nn em chn s
dng cn khoan ng knh 50mm ni bng u ni Zamoc.
Tnh ton s lng cn khoan loi 4,5m cn thit:
+ Khong khoan di 25m s dng:
25
n= 5.5 (chic)
4.5
Nhng do s dng b ng lun ng knh NQ (76mm) v chiu su l khoan
l : 620m nn an ton khi bm xi mng lp l khoan nn em ly khong 100 m
cn khoan 50 lp xung di cng khi bm trm s cn ny c lp qua 1 chuyn
100
tip N= 22,2 (chic)
4,5
+ S lng cn 4,5m l 23 (chic).
Loi cn khoan di 3m; 1,5m; 1m; ch s dng 1 chic l . d tr em ly
s lng l 2 chic.Ngoi ra nh tm cho l khoan,trnh cong xin.em s dng
cn nng 73mm lp ln trn chong qua u chuyn tip
Bng 3.11. Thng s k thut ca cn khoan ng knh
50mm
Thng s ng
ng knh Trng lng 1m
knh S lng
trong cn khoan (chic)
ngoi (mm) (kg/m)
Loi (mm)
Chiu di 4,5m 50 32 6,04 23
Chiu di 3,0m 50 32 6,04 2
Chiu di 1,5m 50 32 6,04 2
Chiu di 1m 50 32 6,04 2
Cn nng 4,5m 73 41 19,1 2
Khong khoan 25320m: p dng cng ngh khoan ng mu lun, ng
knh l khoan 96 mm. Nn em s dng cn khoan HQ
Tnh ton s lng cn khoan loi 3m cn thit:
+ Khong khoan di 320 m s dng: n = 107 (chic)
+ S lng cn ly d tr 10%, nn: n = 107+ 11= 118 (chic)
Loi cn khoan di 1,5m, 1m, 0,3m ch s dng 1 chic. d tr em ly s
lng l 2 chic.
Bng 3.12. Thng s k thut ca cn khoan loi HQ
26
Thng s ng knh ng knh

Trng lng S lng
ngoi trong (kg/cn) (chic)
Loi (mm) (mm)
Chiu di 3,0m 88,9 77,8 35,8 118
Chiu di 1,5m 88,9 77,8 18,1 2
Chiu di 1m 88,9 77,8 11,7 2
*Khong 320620m: p dng cng ngh khoan ng mu lun, ng knh l
khoan 75,7mm. Nn em s dng cn khoan NQ.
Tnh ton s lng cn khoan loi 3m cn thit:
+Khong khoan di 620m s dng:
620
n= 207 (chic)
3
+S lng cn ly d tr 10%, nn: n= 207+20 (chic).
Loi cn khoan di 1,5m; 1m; ch s dng 1 chic. d tr em ly s lng l
2 chic.
Bng 3.13. Thng s k thut ca cn khoan NQ
ng
Thng s
knh ng knh trong Trng lng S lng
ngoi (mm) (kg/m) (chic)
Loi
(mm)
Chiu di 3,0m 69,9 60,3 23,1 227
Chiu di 1,5m 69,9 60,3 11,8 2
Chiu di 1m 69,9 60,3 7,8 2
27
1. Cn khoan. 2. ng mu. 3. Dng c ly mu

Hnh 3.5. ng mu lun
3.2.1.3. u ni
a)C s la chn u ni.
u ni la chn phi tng ng vi cn khoan.
Trong cng ngh khoan truyn thng, thng dng 3 loi u ni:mufta,
nhippen, v u ni zamoc. Mi loi u c u nhc im v cng dng khc
nhau. Nhng c s dng rng ri nht l u ni mufta v u ni zamoc. Vic
la chn mi loi ch yu da vo chiu su l khoan v trang thit b hin c ca
n v thi cng l khoan.
b)La chn u ni.
u ni ch c dng trong cng ngh khoan cn 50 truyn thng. Em s
dng u ni Zamoc ni cc cn khoan vi nhau.
Bng 3.14. Thng s k thut ca u ni cn khoan 50mm
Thng s ng knh ngoi Chiu di danh ngha Trng lng

Loi (mm) (mm) (kg)
Zamoc c 65 200 2,8

Zamoc ci 65 265 4
3.2.1.4.ng mu
a)C s la chn ng mu
28
Trong khoan kim cng truyn thng, vic la chn loi ng mu ph thuc
vo yu cu t l mu. Tng ng vi mi cp ng knh l khoan ngi ta chn
c ng knh ng mu tng ng.
Trong cng ngh khoan ng mu lun, b dng c khoan l ng b v ng
mu c gi l b ng mu lun.
b)La chn ng mu cho tng khong khoan.
*Khong 025m: Do y l tng bi thi nn khng cn ly mu.
*Khong 25320m: ng mu ng b vi b cn khoan - Gi l b ng mu
lun HQ.
Bng 3.15. Thng s k thut b ng mu HQ
ngoi trong Trng lng
STT Loi ng
(mm) (mm) (kg/m)
1 /knh ng ngoi 92,1 77,8 51,4
2 /knh ng trong 73 66,7 25,9
*Khong khoan 320620m: ng mu ng b vi b cn khoan - Gi l b
ng mu lun NQ.
Bng 3.16. Thng s k thut b ng mu lun NQ
ngoi trong Trng lng
STT Loi ng
(mm) (mm) (kg/m)
1 /knh ng ngoi 73,0 60,3 15,70
2 /knh ng trong 55,6 50,0 13.59

29
1- u nm
2- L xo gim xc
3- ng ng l xo
4- Thn nm
5- Cht hnh xon
6- Hp cht
7- Cht l xo
8- L xo co rn
9- Vu hm
10- Cht vu hm
11- Cht hm l xo
12- Cht tng cng
13- Thn cht
14- cu chn
15- Trc
16- Doong cao su
(van n hi)
17- Vng m
18- bi
19- Trc
20- L xo nn
21- cu chn
22- B u ni ng trong
(22-1 n 22-4)
23- ng trong
24- Vng chn hom mu
25- Hom mu
26- Cc n mu
Hnh 3.6. Cu to ng mu lun 27- u ni nh tm
28- ng ni chuyn tip
29- Gi
3.2.1.5. ng chng 30- ng ngoi
31- Vng nh tm ng.
30
Trong khoan thm d, trc khi lp b l khoan ngi ta nh thu hi li ct ng

chng. Vic chng ng thc hin bng sc ngi l chnh. chng ng v nh ct
ng chng tn t cng sc, mt ngoi ca ct ng chng phi nhn. Do chiu su
chng ng nh, khng yu cu bn ca ct ng chng cao. Nn em chn loi
ng chng s dng u ni nhippen.
Sau khi hon thnh l khoan, ng chng c nh ln thu hi li. thun tin
cho vic chng ng v nh ng chng khi thu hi li em chn ng chng ni bng
u ni nhippen. c trm chn ng bng xi mng v ct t st gi lm kn
chn ng
Bng 3.17. Thng s k thut ng chng
Thng s
Loi ngoi trong Trng lng 1m
(mm) (mm) (kG/m)
Chiu di 3m 127 122,5 13,59

3.2.2. Dng c ph tr
- Vng kp c chu t ming l khoan: Dng kp ng chng c ng
knh khc nhau.
- Vng kp ng chng (khmt): Dng kp cht v gi ng chng trong qu
trnh chng ng.
- Kha bn l: Dng tho lp ng mu, ng chng.
- Gng : Dng tho cn khoan.
Hnh 3.7. Kho tho vn cn khoan

1- Tay cm; 2- M kp di; 3- M kp trn; 4- Cht xoay; 5-Thanh hm.
- Chc vinca: Dng treo b dng khoan trong qu trnh nng th.
31
a) b)
Hnh 3.8. Vinca
a) Vin ca ch lc; b) Vin ca
1-Vu; 2- Tay cm;
- Bn kp: Dng kp gi cn khoan ng mu lun trong qu trnh nng th.
Hnh 3.9. B kp gi cn khoan

3.2.3. Dng c cu cha s c
3.2.3.1. Mt trch
Mt trch dng cu cn khoan trong l khoan. p dng khi:
32
- Cu s c tt cn khoan do hin tng t tho ren. Khi u cn khoan hoc

u ni vn cn ren (ren trong). Ngi ta a mt trch xung l khoan bn ren pha
trong cn khoan, u ni v ko ct cn khoan ln.
- Cu s c gy cn khoan: Khi gy cn khoan m pha trong cn khoan khng
c ren. Khi Mt trch c tc dng to ren pha trong ct cn khoan v ko ct cn
khoan ln.
1
2
1. u mt trch. 2. u chp
Hnh 3.10. Mt trch
3.2.3.2. C l Kn
C l kn c tc dng nh Mt trch, nhng v nguyn l hot ng th khc
mt trch. Mt trch tin ren trong cn c l cn tin ren ngoi.
Hnh 3.11. C l cn
3.2.3.3. Dng c ly du
Dng c ly du c tc dng xc nh hnh dng v v tr u cn khoan b gy
trong l khoan trc khi a cc dng c khc xung cu cn khoan.
Dng c ly du c a xung l khoan bng ct cn khoan.
1 1 - ng thp
2- Modyl ch
Hnh 3.12. Dng c ly 2 du

3.2.3.4. u chp v doa nam chm
33
Trong trng hp li khoan b t hay tt u ni. Nu v tr ca n th

thng ng ngi ta dng Mt trch c bit cu. Nu nh khng th cu c
bng phng php ny th ngi ta dng cc phay c bit khoan ph. Sau
cc phoi b ph c ly ln nh u chp hay doa nam chm.
* u chp.
Cu to bng mt on ng chng, pha di c rng ca. Khi th u chp
xung l khoan, di tc dng ca ti trng lm cc rng b bin dng chp li v
bt cc vt y l khoan vo .
Hnh 3.13.
u chp
*Doa nam chm.
Bn trong c mt nam chm rt mnh, pha di c doa doa sch mn khoan
ng trong. Khi quay v tun hon dung dch, cc vt bng kim loi s c nam
chm ht vo v dnh cht vo n.
Chng ta cng c th dng u chp hay doa nam chm ly ln cc vt kim
loi ri xung y l khoan hay chp xoay hoc bi ca chong nm li y
Nam chm
L i khoan
Hnh 3.14. Doa nam chm

3.2.3.5. Mc
Trong trng hp cc dng c c a vo ming l khoan nh dy cp.
Trong trng hp cp b t hay vt li y l khoan vi mt on cp, ngi ta
s dng cc dng c nh mc cu.
34
Mc c lp phn di ca cn khoan. Di tc dng quay ca cn khoan,

cp s qun xung quanh mc v c ko ln trn mt.
Hnh 3.15. Mc
CHNG IV
DUNG DCH KHOAN
4.1. Cc loi dung dch v ang s dng ti vng m
4.1.1. Dung dch st bentonit
Hin nay Lin on a cht ng Bc v mt s on Cng ty trc thuc
n v, khi thi cng cc phng n khoan thm d u s dng phng php ra
thun ra l khoan. Nc ra ch yu l dung dch st bentonit c gia cng ha
hc. Cht lng ca dung dch khoan c nh gi bi cc thng s nu trong
bng sau:
Bng 4.1. Thng s dung dch khoan
Thng s Cc thng s dung dch
35
B T K pH
Khoan (G/cm3) Cm3/30 mG/cm2 (s) mm (%)
kim cng
Bnh thng 1,05-1,15 1015 2535 2225 2 4 810
30 6
Mt nc ra 1,051,07 5 10 60120 2 4 810
0
1,20 1,5 50
Tng sp l 35 40 70 1 4 810
0 60
4.1.2. Dung dch polyme
Trong trng hp bnh thng, a tng l khoan n nh, khng phc tp, sau
khi khoan ht tng bi thi, chng ng xong, s dng dung dch polyme loi
Liquypon khoan vi cng ngh khoan kim cng ly mu bng cng ngh ng
mu lun. S dng ha phm Topfree trong qu trnh thi cng cc l khoan c tc
dng gim c ma st gia b dng c v thnh l khoan, tng c tc khoan,
tng c vng quay to iu kin nng cao nng sut, cht lng mu.
Trong trng hp l khoan b mt nc, sp l thnh l khoan, s dng dung
dch polyme loi Ressdril chng nhng hin tng phc tp trn.
Trong qu trnh khoan, thng xuyn kim tra nht ca dung dch Liquypon
b sung lng Liquypon ph hp b hao ht do phi tham gia vo vic to thnh
mng mng xung quanh thnh l khoan v mn khoan.
4.2. La chn v tnh ton h dung dch cho tng khong khoan
4.2.1. C s phn chia khong khoan la chn dung dch
Trong qu trnh khoan, c nhiu l do ngi ta thay i thng s dung dch khoan.
Nhng ch yu l thay i thng s dung dch khoan ph hp vi iu kin a cht
ca tng t ang khoan qua. Nh vy, cc tng t phc tp chia ct a tng
thnh cc khong khoan. Trong qu trnh khoan lin tc, mi khi sang mt khong khoan
mi ngi ta li phi thay i thng s dung dch. tin li cho vic iu ch v s
dng dung dch em chia ct a tng thnh cc khong khoan da theo cc tng t c
th xy ra cc hin tng phc tp, vic thay i thng s dung dch cng nhm ngn
nga v khc phc cc hin tng phc tp . Khoan ht tng phc tp, thng s dung
dch li c iu chnh li nhm nng cao hiu qu cng tc khoan. Cc khong khoan
s dng dng dch c thng s ging nhau thuc mt nhm khong khoan.
Nh vy c cc khong khoan sau:
- Khoan qua bi thi, tng phv ct kt: Khong khoan 0 25m.
36
- Khoan qua ct kt, sn kt: Khong khoan 25 75m; 95 117m; 250 280
m ( /k HQ). 450 480m (/k NQ)
- khoan qua bt kt : 77,5 95m,117- 150m, 170- 250m, 280-298m, 304-320m
(/k HQ). 320-385m, 387,5-450m, 485,5-600m, 605-620m (/k NQ) ( hai khong
khoan ny cng tng i n nh nn c th ch to dung dch c cng thng s,
nu tng ct, sn kt ,nt n hao, mt nc th s thay i thng s dung dch cho
ph hp sau)
- Khoan qua st kt ,st than v va than: Khong khoan 75 77,5m; 150
154m;154-170m; 298 304m; (/k HQ) 385 387,5m; 600 605m;(k NQ)
Nh vy, c 19 on khoan thuc 3 nhm, khi khoan cn ch iu chnh thng
s cho ph hp.
4.2.2. La chn dung dch cho tng khong khoan
4.2.2.1. Yu cu
Cn c vo iu kin a cht t ra, ta tin hnh la chn h dung dch sao cho:
- Khc phc c nhng phc tp m iu kin a cht mang li nh: mt
nc ra do nt n, l hng; sp l thnh l khoan khi khoan qua tng bi thi, t
gy, st trng n
- Cha t pha rn - ph hp vi cng ngh khoan ng mu lun.
- Dung dch c tnh bi trn cao, cc thng s cht lng n nh trong qu
trnh khoan.
- C kh nng lm sch y l khoan cao. Chng hn khi khoan bng li
khoan kim cng thm nhim, y nhanh tc khoan th cn phi lm sch y
l khoan kp thi. Khi : Ngoi lu lng dng nc ra th cc thng s dung
dch khoan cng ng mt vai tr rt quan trng.
- H s dung dch phi n gin, d iu ch v gi thnh thp.
Trong cng ngh khoan ng mu lun, khi m khe h gia thnh l khoan v ct
cn khoan ch 2 3mm th cn phi ch nhiu n chc nng n nh v m bo
bn ca thnh l khoan. Lm tt cng tc ny c th trnh c nhng thao tc ph
nh khoan doa li, kt b dng c v i khi c cc trng hp khng ko dng c ln
c c th dn n hy b l khoan.
Trong phng n ny em chn s dng dung dch st bentonit c gia cng
ha hc c thng s ph hp.
Xut pht t cc yu cu trn cng vi nhng phn tch thnh phn t , c
im a cht ca tng khong khoan em chn h dung dch tng ng vi cc
khong khoan:
37
4.2.2.2. La chn dung dch cho tng khong khoan

a)Khong khoan 0- 25m: Khoan qua bi thi,tng ph v 5 m ct kt
Khoan qua bi thi v tng ph: Vi nhiu c im phc tp nh: sp l, mt
nc, cha hn ch c x phc tp , Sau khi khoan qua ta th st ti
v nh dt vo thnh trc trnh hin tng mt dung dch. Sau s dng
dch khoan c c im sau: Trng lng ring ln, nht T ln, thi nc
B nh. ng thi dung dch cn c ln c th d dng vn chuyn ht mn ln
mt t khi phi hn ch ti a lu lng nc ra trnh xi mn thnh l khoan.
Cn c vo nhng dc im trn, em chn h dung dch c thng s nh sau:
Bng 4.2. Thng s dung dch khoan qua tng phong ha, bi thi
Thng s Cc thng s dung dch

K
B T pH
3
3 2
(mm) (%)
Khoan qua
(G/cm ) cm /30 mG/cm (s)
Bi thi 1,151,2 6 8 40-70 3550 <2 4 89

b) Khong khoan : 25 75m; 77,5 95m; 95 110m; 110-117m; 117 150m;
170 250m; 250 280m; 280 298m; 298-304m;304-385m;387,5-450m;450-
485m ;485-600m ;605-620m
Khoan qua tng ct kt,bt kt, sn kt:
Trong cc khong khoan ny, khoan qua cc lp ct kt, sn kt v bt kt kh
rn chc v n nh. Nn chc nng gia c thnh l khoan khng cn quan trng
na. Khoan bng li khoan kim cng m c bit l li khoan kim cng thm
nhim th cng tc lm mt v lm sch y l khoan nh hng ln n tc c
hc khoan. Nn dung dch khoan c c im: Trng lng ring nh (nu
khng nh hng n cc tng t km n nh pha trn) v nht T, nh
tng linh ng ca dung dch to iu kin tng Vch.
Bng 4.3. Thng s dung dch khoan tng n nh
Thng s
Cc thng s dung dch
38
B T K
Khoan qua pH
3 3 2 (mm) (%)
(G/cm ) cm /30 mG/cm (s)
Tng n nh 1,051,1 <15 20 30 1822 11,5 <4 89
c) Khong khoan 75 77,5m; 150 154m; 154 170; 298 304m; 385
387,5m; 600 605m: Khoan qua st kt v than.
St kt vi c im: trng thi kh c cng cp VVI n nh; khi gp
nc d trng n v chuyn thnh trng thi mm, dnh mt. Do vy cc hin
tng phc tp c th gp l: st trng n gy dnh mt hoc gy kt b dng c
khoan (nu khoan bng cn 50mm khi trng n mnh c th gy sp l thnh l
khoan). Nu khng c khc phc kp thi c th xy ra s c kt mc b dng
c y l nguyn nhn ca s c ny ko theo s c khc, l: lng ng mn
khoan gy kt b dng c, gy cn khoan.v.v.
Va than c c im: cng thp, mm, khi gp nc d tan vo dung dch
lm tng nht ca dung dch v mi mn dng c khoan.
Thng s
Cc thng s dung dch
B T K
Khoan qua pH
3 3 2 Mm (%)
(G/cm ) Cm /30' mG/cm (s)
St kt v than 1.11,15 <10 2545 2025 11,5 4 89

khc phc c nhng hin tng phc tp trn, dung dch khoan c nhng
c im: Trng lng ring nh, nht T ln, thi nc B rt nh. Trong
trng hp ny c th s dng cc cht in phn nh:NaOH, Na 2C03 vi nng
1-1,5% gim thi nc v dy v st, tng n nh v keo ,hoc s
dng cc cht keo bo v; cht phn ng kim than nu gim thi nc,
dy v st.B ru sun fits chng trng n.Ngoi ra khc phc hin tng
trng n ta cn to cho dung dch c tnh c ch mnh bng cch dng KCL vi t
l thch hp.
Bng 4.4. Thng s dung dch khoan qua st kt v than
39
Bng tng hp thng s dung dch

Bng 4.4
Stt Loi t Cc thng s cht lng yu cu

B T K pH
g/cm3 Cm /30 mg/cm2
3
s mm %
1 Tng phong 1,51,2 6-8 3560 3050 <2 <4 89
ha- thi
2 Bt kt, ct 1,051,1 <15 20 25 1822 11,5 <4 89
kt, sn kt <10 40 70 25
50
3 St kt v 1,11,2 <10 2040 2025 11,5 <4 89
va than
(Ly cc thng s: , , bng 2 di khi xy ra hin tng nt n mt nc)
4.2.3. Tnh ton lng dung dch cho tng khong khoan
4.2.3.1.C s l thuyt tnh ton nh lng cho h dung dch
Lng dung dch cn thit cho qu trnh khoan l:
V = Vbc + Vml+hl + Vlk + Vth (4.1)
Trong :
- Vbc l th tch b cha: Vbc = a x b x h = 4 x 2,5 x 1,5 = 15m3
Vi a, b, h ln lt l chiu di, rng, su ca b cha dung dch.
(C 2 b cha dung dch nhng ban u ta ch dng 1 b, cn b kia ch dng
san, x dung dch khi thay i thng s dung dch).
- Vml l th tch mng lng : Di 20m x 0,2m x 0,2m
Vml = 2 x a x b x h = 20 x 0,2 x 0,2= 0,8m3
-Vhl l th tch h lng( 2 h):( 0,8 x 0,6 x 0,7) x 2= 0,7m3
- Vml+h= 0,8+0,7 =1,5m3
Vi a, b, h, Vhl ln lt l chiu di, rng, su v th tch h lng ca mng lng
dung dch khoan.
- Vlk l th tch l khoan: Vlk =Vc + Vk (4.2)
+ Vc l th tch l khoan on chng ng:
.Dioc
2
.Loc
Vc= (4.3)
4
Vi: Dioc l ng knh trong ct chng (m).
Lc l chiu di ct ng chng (m).
+ Vk l th tch l khoan khng chng ng.
.Dic2 .Li
Vk = k. (4.4)
4
40
Vi: k: h s k n s tng ng knh l khoan.

Dic: l ng knh ngoi chong khoan (m).
Li: chiu di l khoan khng chng ng (m).
- Vth l th tch dung dch b tiu hao:
Vth = K Lk (4.5)
Vi: LK chiu di khong khoan (m).
K l nh mc tiu hao dung dch ph thuc vo ng knh l khoan, tc
khoan, cht lng dung dch. K thng xc nh theo kinh nghim: L khoan
132mm, 96mm v 76mm ta ly K =0,11 m3/m.
* Lng st cn thit iu ch dung dch:
- Lng st iu ch 1m3 dung dch (tn/m3):

Qs = 1. 2 (4.6)
1 2
Trong : Qs l lng st tiu hao trn 1m3 dung dch (tn/m3).
l trng lng ring cn thit ca dung dch (G/m 3)
1 l trng lng ring ca st kh (G/cm3).
2 l trng lng ring ca nc (nc ngt 2 = 1 G/cm3; nc mn 2 =
1,03 G/cm3)
+ Nu iu ch dung dch c = 1,05 (G/cm3):
1, 05 1
3
Qs = 2,7. = 0,0794 (tn/m )
2, 7 1
1,15 1 3
Qs = 2,7 = 0,2385 (tn/m )
2, 7 1
+ Nu iu ch dung dch c = 1,2 (g/cm3):
1, 2 1
Qs = 2,7. = 0,3176 (tn/m3)
2, 7 1
- Lng st cn thit iu ch dung dch (tn):
Ps= Qs V (4.7)
Vi : l h s tn tht dung dch. =1,03.
V: l th tch dung dch cn iu ch (m 3).
* Lng nc cn thit iu ch dung dch:
- Lng nc iu ch 1m3 dung dch (m3/m3):
Qs
Vn=1 - (4.8)
1
Qs 0, 0795
Vn = 1 - = 1- = 0,97 (m3)
1 2, 7
41
Qs 0, 2385
Vn = 1 - = 1- = 0,91 (m3)
1 2, 7
+ Nu iu ch dung dch c = 1,2 (g/cm3):
Qs 0,3176
Vn = 1 - =1- = 0,88 (m3)
1 2, 7
- Lng nc cn thit iu ch dung dch(m3):
Vn = VnV (4.9) Vi: l h s tn tht dung dch. = 1,03
4.2.3.2. Tnh ton nh lng h dung dch cho tng khong khoan
a) Khong t 0 25m: chn dd = 1,2 (g/cm3)( on khoan ny c 20 m l t
ph,bi thi nhng vn phi khoan qua m ct kt vi cng 1 ng knh 132
thun tin cho vi chng ng 127 mm nn em cng 1 thng s dung dch
V = Vbc + Vml + Vlk + Vth
Trong : + Vbc = 15m3; Vml 1,5m3; Vlk=Voc+Vk; Voc=0 v cha chng ng.
3.14 0,132 2 25
D 2ic Li
+ Vk = k. = 1,5 4 = 0,51 m3
4
-Vi k=1,5; Dic=132mm; Li=25m.

+ Vth = KL = 0,1125 = 2,75 (m3)
Vi: L=25 m; K=0,11m3/m.
Vy: V=Vbc + Vml + Vlk + Vth = 15 + 1,5 + 0,51 + 2,75 = 19,76 (m3)
- Lng st iu ch 1m3 dung dch c =1,2 (G/cm3):
Qs=0,3176 (tn/m3)
Ps = Qs V = 1,030,317619,76= 6,46( tn)
Ps = 6,46 (tn)
- Lng nc cn thit iu ch 1m3 dung dch c = 1,2 (G/cm3):
Vn = 0,88 (m3/m3)
- Lng nc cn thit iu ch dung dch (m3):
Vn = VnV = 1,030,8819,76 = 17,9 (m3)
y l khi lng tnh theo l thuyt cn trn thc t on ny V lk+Vth+Vml=
0,51+1,5+2,75= 4,76 m3 .Ta c th tit kim bng cch gim lng dung dch b
cha 50% (Vbc =7,5m3) v tn dng dung dch ngi ta lc , pha ch ,phc hi
42
dung dch vi cc ph gia,nc, st,thm ,bt vo dung dch khong khoan trc
cho ph hp vi cc khong tip theo tr khi dung dch qu km cht lng phi
thay mi..v vy cn c 2 b cha dung dch v ha phm iu ch
-Vtk=0,51+1,5+2,75+7,5= 12,26 m3
-
Vstk= Qs V = 1,030,317612,26= 4,01 (tn)
Vntk =1,03 0,88 12,26 = 11,11 m3
b) Khong khoan 25 75m(di 50m): chn dd =1,05(g/cm3)
Trong : Vbc = 15m ; Vml 1m3; Vlk = Voc + Vk
3
V = .Dioc .Loc = .0,1225 .25

2 2
oc 0,29m3
4 4
Voc=0,29 m3
Vi: Dioc =122,5mm = 0,1225m; Loc = 25m.
.( Dlk2 96 .L96 ) .(0,096 2.50)
Vk1=K. = 1,1. 0,40(m3)
4 4
Vi: k = 1,1; Dlk96 = 96mm = 0,096m; L = 50m
V=V Oc +Vk1= 0,29 + 0,4= 0,69(m3)
V th = K L k = 0,11.50 = 5,5(m3)
Vi: L k = 50 m; K =0,11m3/m.
Vy: V=V bc +V ml +V lk +V th = 15 + 1,5 + 0,69 + 5,5 = 22,69 (m3)
- Lng st iu ch 1m3 dung dch c =1,05(G/cm3):
Qs = 0,0795 (tn/m3)
Ps = x Qs x V=1,03 x 0,0795 x 22,69=1,86 (tn)
Ps =1,86 (tn)
-Lng nc cn thit iu ch 1m3 dung dch c =1,05(G/cm3):
Vn =0,97 (m3/m3)
-Lng nc cn thit iu ch dung dch (m3)
Vn = Vn V= 1,03 0,97 22,69= 22,67m3
Vn = 22,67 (m3)
- Phng n tit kim: khong khoan ny :V dd =22,69 (m3) ta c sn Vtk1 Vth1 =
12,26 2,75 = 9,51 m3 (2,75 l lng dung dch b tiu hao trong qu trnh
khoan) .Cn li 9,51m3 dung dch vi t trng = 1,2
p dng cng thc lm nh dung dch vi cht lm nh l nc ta c:
1 2 1,2 1,05
M=1000 1 1 vi 1 =1,2 v 2 = 1,05 M = 1000 3
1,2 1 = 750 lt/m
43
Ta c: 9,51 0,750= 7,13 m3 nc Vdd sau ln =9,51+7,13= 16,64 m3(dung dch c t

trng 1,05 )
Cn iu ch Vc= 22,69 16,64 = 6,05 m2
- Lng st cn thit iu ch dung dch 6,05 (tn):
Ps = x Qs x V=1,03 x 0,0795 x 6,05 =0,495 (tn)
Ps =0,495 (tn)
-
Lng nc cn thit iu ch dung dch 6,05(m3)
Vn = Vn V=1,03 0,97 6,05 = 6,04 m3
c) Khong khoan 75-77,5 m ( di 2,5m) l va than cm,than kp nn em la
chn dung dch c t trng 1,15 ( n nh thnh v thun tin cho vic khoan
bng ng mu lun)
Trong : Vbc = 15m ; Vml 1,5m3; Vlk = Voc + Vk
3
Voc = 0,29m3 , Vk1 = 0,4m3:

Vk = Vk1 + Vk2
Vk1 = 0,4m3
.D96 .L96 3,14.0,096 2.2,5
Vk2 = k. =1,1. =0,019 (m3)
4 4
Vi: k = 1,1; Dic = 96 mm = 0,096 m; L = 2,5m.
Vk= 0,4 + 0,019 =0,71 ( m 3 )
V th = K L k = 0,11 2,5 = 0,275 ( m 3 )
Vi: L k = 2,5 m; K =0,11m3/m.
Vy: V=V bc +V ml +V lk +V th = 15 + 1,5 + 0,71 + 0,275= 17,48 m3
V = 17,48 ( m 3 )
Qs =0,2385 (tn/m3)
-Lng st cn thit iu ch dung dch (tn):
Ps = Qs V=1,03 0,2385 17,48 = 4,29 m3
Ps = 4,29 (tn)
Vn =0,91 (m3/m3)
:-Lng nc cn thit iu ch dung dch (m3)
Vn = Vn V=1,03 0,91 17,48= 16,38 m3
Vn = 16,38 (m3)
Phng n tit kim: Vdd 1,05-Vth 1,05= 22,69-5,5=17,19m3(dung dch c 1,05
) cn li khong khoan trc ta c th p dng cng thc tnh cht lm nng kh
3( 2 1)
cho 1m3dung dch M= 3 1
44
4,2.(1,15 1.05)
M= 4,2 1.05
=0.133 tn/m3
3 : t trng cht lm nng (tn/m3)( 3 : =3,8-4,2 tn/m3 nu cht lm nng l
Ba rit)
2 : t trng dung dch sau khi lm nng
1 : t trng dung dch ban u
Vi lng dung dch cn iu ch l 17,48m 3 ta c Mln= 0,133 17,48 2,32
tn
Lu khi sn xut dung dch st nng dung dch st ban u phi c cht
lng cao : T:25-45s, >40mg/cm3,B=10-25cm2/30 pht,ch pha cc cht lm nng
dng bt mn c ht <0,07mm
d) Khong khoan 77,5 150m(di 72,5m): Chn dd = 1,05
3
Voc = 0,29m3
Vk = Vk1 + Vk2 + Vk3
Vk1 = 0,40m3; Vk2 = 0,019m3
.Dic2 .L .0,096 2.72,5
Vk3 = k. =1,1 =0,58 (m3)
4 4
Vi: k = 1,1; Dic = 96 mm = 0,096m; L = 72,5m.
V lk = 0,40 + 0,019 + 0,58 + 0,29 = 1,29 ( m 3 )
V th = K L k = 0,11 72,5= 7,97( m 3 )
Vi: L k = 72,5 m; K =0,11m3/m.
Vy: V=V bc +V ml +V lk +V th = 15 + 1,5 + 1,29 + 7,97=25,76 m3
V = 25,76 ( m 3 )
Qs =0,0794 (tn/m3)
Ps = Qs V=1,03 0,0794 25,76 = 2,11 (tn)
Ps = 2,11 (tn)
Vn =0,97 (m3/m3)
Vn = .Vn V=1,03 0,97 25,76= 25.74m3
Vn = 25.7 (m3)
c) Khong khoan 150-154m;154-170m l va than cm,than kp v tng st
than,st kt nn em la chn dung dch c t trng 1,15
45
Trong : Vbc = 15m3; Vml 1,5m3; Vlk = Voc + Vk

Voc = 0,29m3 , Vk1 = 0,4m3; Vk2=0,019 m3;Vk3=0,58 m3
Vk = Vk1 + Vk2 +Vk3 +Vk4
.D96 .L96 3,14.0,096 2.20
Vk4 = k. =1,1 = 0,159 (m3)
4 4
Vi: k = 1,1; Dic = 96 mm = 0,096 m; L = 20m.
Vk= 0,4 + 0,019 +0,58+ 0,159 =1,16 ( m 3 )
Vlk = 0,29+1,16= 1,45 m3
V th = K L k = 0,11 20 = 2,2 ( m 3 )
Vi: L k = 20 m; K =0,11m3/m.
Vy: V=V bc +V ml +V lk +V th = 15 + 1,5 + 1,45 + 2,2 = 20,15 m3
V = 20,15( m 3 )
Qs =0,2385 (tn/m3)
Ps = Qs V=1,03 0,2385 20,15 = 4,95 tn
Ps = 4,95 (tn)
Vn =0,91 (m3/m3)
Vn = Vn V=1,03 0,91 20,15= 18,9m3
Vn = 18,9 (m3)
d) d) Khong khoan 170 298 m(di 128m): Chn dd = 1,05
3
Voc = 0,29m3
Vk = Vk1 + Vk2 + Vk3 + Vk4 +Vk5
Vk1 = 0,40m3; Vk2 = 0,019m3; Vk3=0,58m3;Vk4= 0,159m3
.Dic2 .L .0,096 2.128
Vk5 = k. =1,1 =1,02 (m3)
4 4
Vi: k = 1,1; Dic = 96 mm = 0,096m; L = 128 m.
V lk = 0,40 + 0,019 + 0,58 + 0,159+1,02+0,29 = 2,47 ( m 3 )
V th = K L k = 0,11 128= 14,08( m 3 )
Vi: L k = 128 m; K =0,11m3/m.
Vy: V=V bc +V ml +V lk +V th = 15 + 1,5 + 2,47 + 14,08= 33,05 m3
V = 33,05 ( m 3 )
Qs =0,0794 (tn/m3)
46
Ps = Qs V=1,03 0,0794 33,05 = 2,70(tn)

Ps = 2,70 (tn)
Vn =0,97 (m3/m3)
Vn = Vn V=1,03 0,97 30,05= 33,02m3
Vn = 33,02 (m3)
p dng cng thc: V=Vlk+Vml+Vbc+Vth (m3)

4
D12 .L1 D22 .L2 ...Dn2 .Ln 3
Vk=K. (m ) vi h s k dao ng t 1,1 n 3
Vlk=Vk+Voc
Ta c th p dng tnh th tch dung dch cho cc on trn ton l khoan
4.3. Gia cng ha hc dung dch khoan
4.3.1. Mc ch gia cng ha hc dung dch khoan
i khi h dung dch st nc l khng th p ng c yu cu t ra hoc
h dung dch thay i tnh cht trong qu trnh khoan. V vy, cn phi nng cao ca
cht lng ca dung dch bng cch gia cng ha hc. Vic s dng cc ha phm
khc nhau v bng cc t l thch hp khi gia cng m ta c th t c cc thng
s cng ngh ca dung dch c la chn nh trong bng s
4.3.2. Tc dng ca cc ha phm
Sau y l mt s tnh nng v tc dng ca mt s ha phm ph gia c s
dng:
* Ha phm CMC HV: Chc nng c bn ca ha phm CMC HV l gim
thot nc ca dung dch khoan ng thi lm tng nht ca dung dch.
* X a (Na2CO3): C chc nng lm kt ta cc ion Ca 2+ v Mg2+ nhm tng
kh nng phn tn st Bebtonit. Khi c mt Na 2CO3 vi nng 1-1,5% th c tc
dng lm gim thi nc( xung ti 10cm 3/30pht) n nh v keo tng
ln.vi nng : 3- 5% nht Tmax=38-40s,Qmax=50mg/cm2
* Xt n da (NaOH) cng t/dng tng t nh (Na 2CO3) nhng khng to
thnh cht kt ta
* Polyme Torq Free: Gim ma st.
* Kim than nu: Kim than c nhiu tc dng nh gim thot nc ,
nht, to nh tng, iu chnh pH, to keo st tt.
*Kim than bn: C tc dng tng t nh kim than nu nhng do cht ph
gia ny nht v c cha sn phm dng si, t bn nn n tng nht ca dung
dch rt mnh v dng khi chng mt nc.
*Thy tinh lng(Na2OnSiO2) :t/dng tng ng sut trt tnh, nht ( nhng t
trng ch tng ln t) dng ra LK trong tng mt nc
47
* K2SO4 : C tc dng c ch st thnh h gip cho thnh l khoan vng chc.

* KCL : c tc dng c ch st thnh h.
4.3.3.Cch iu ch dung dch ang c s dng
* Cch thc:
- Cho 1 na lng nc tnh ton vo thng trn vo thng trn, cho cht lm
mm nc vo thng trn (nu nc c cng ln hn 10).cho my quay v
ha phm tnh ton vo thng trn
- Cho my trn lm vic v dn t st tnh ton cho quay 30-40 pht, sau
cho nc vo thng trn, cho quay tip 20-30 pht na ri o kim tra thng s
dung dch. Nu cc thng s tha mn th x v b cha.
* Cng thc:
Lng st v ha phm dng cho mt thng trn 0,75m 3 iu ch c dung
dch c = 1,05( G/ cm3 ); T=24s ; B = 10cm3/30 ; K = 1mm nh sau: QBentonit
=25kg; QKimthan =1,8kg; Plyme Torq Free = 1 lt. Nu ngun nc iu ch dung
dch c tnh axit ta thm 0,3-0,4 kg NaOH v Na2CO3 t c PH = 89.
CHNG V
THIT K CH KHOAN
CHO TNG KHONG KHOAN
5.1. La chn phng php khoan cho tng khong khoan
48
5.1.1. C s la chn, phn chia khong khoan

- iu kin a cht: Ct a tng c phn chia thnh nhiu on vi iu
kin a cht khc nhau nh: cng, nt n, trng n, sp l.Vi mi iu
kin a cht khc nhau nh vy cn c mt thng s khoan ph hp t c
nng sut khoan cao hn.
- Yu cu t l mu: Mt s on l khoan nu p dng thng s ch khoan
thng thng th cho t l mu thp. Nn do yu cu t l mu m ngi ta phi
khoan vi phng php v ch khoan ph hp vi loi t cn nng cao t l
mu.
- Dng c ph hy t : Trong qua trnh khoan phi lin tc thay dng c ph
hy t . S khc nhau v nguyn l ph hy t , loi, ng knh, mi hay c,
ca cc dng c ph hy t u nh hng n thng s ch khoan.
Da vo nhng c s trn, mi on l khoan c khoan vi thng s ch
khoan khc nhau, to nn khong khoan.
5.1.2. Phn chia khong khoan v phng php khoan cho l khoan LKKH.06
5.1.2.1. Khong khoan 0 25m
Khoan qua bi thi,dng v 5m ct kt dng choong 3 chp xoay /k:132mm
khoan ph mu
2. Khong khoan 25-320m : Khoan bng ng knh HQ(96mm)
*L cc tng ct kt,sn kt : 25-75m; 95-110m; 110-117m; 250-280m; (di
102m)
Khoan bng li khoan kim cng thm nhim ng knh HQ (96mm)
*on khoan: 77,5-95m;117-150m; 170-250; 280-298m ;304-320m (di 164,5
m) L cc tng bt kt tng i n nh ,t nt n ,Khoan bng li khoan kim
cng 1 lp HQ
*on khoan: 75-77,5m; 150-154m; 154-170m; 298-304m (di 28,5m) l cc
va than,st ktc chiu dy va mng, cng dao ng t cp I-VI tng nng
xut (hn ch thi gian ko th thay li khoan c th s dng li khoan ca on
trn khoan qua vi thng s /chnh ph hp)
5.1.2.3. Khong khoan 320-620m: Khoan bng ng knh NQ(75,8mm)
*Tng ct kt:450-485m (di 35m) khoan bng li khoan thm nhim
* Tng bt kt: 320-385m; 387,5-450m; 485-600m; 605-620m (di 257,5m) s
dng li khoan kim cng 1 lp NQ
* Tng than: 385-387,5m; 600-605m (di 7,5m) s dng li khoan NQ
5.2.Tnh ton thng s ch khoan cho tng khong khoan
5.2.1.C s tnh ton v la chn ch khoan
Nh trnh by trn, c s iu kin a cht, yu cu t l mu v loi dng
c ph hy t u nh hng n thng s ch khoan. l c s phn
49
chia cc khong khoan v cng l c s tnh ton ch khoan. Ngoi ra cn

phi tnh n kh nng lm vic n nh v an ton ca thit b khoan.
Trong mi khong khoan, thng s ch khoan cn c la chn hp l
nhm em li tin khoan cao, an ton, mang li hiu qu kinh t cao. iu ny c
ngha thng s ch khoan m bo:
- Tc c hc khoan cao.
- Tit kim vt liu ph hy t v dung dch khoan.
-Tit kim thi gian thi cng: An ton, c bin php khc phc s c hiu qu.
i khi vn tc c hc khoan ln em li tin khoan ln (nu khng gp s
c). Thng thng, vn tc c hc khoan t l vi p lc y P, vn tc vng quay
n v lu lng dng nc ra. Nhng vi P, n, Q ln c th s dn n gy ct cn
khoan, sp l thnh l khoandn n s tiu hao vt t, thi gian thi cng b ko
di, nn thit hi i khi cn ln hn nhiu so vi nng sut do tc c hc
khoan cao mang li. Do yu t an ton ng mt vai tr quan trng. Khi tnh
ton v la chn thng s ch khoan cn phi kt hp mi yu t nhm t hiu
qu kinh t cao nht.
5.2.2.Tnh ton cc thng s ch khoan
a)Tnh ti trng y: P (kG)
*Khoan xoay ph mu bng chong 3 chp xoay:
P = p.Dc (kG) (5.1)
Trong : p l ti trng ln 1cm ng knh chong.
Dc l ng knh chong khoan.
Bng 5.1. Bng thng s ti trng p
Loi chong M C T K

Ti trng ln 1cm chong (p) 140 250 200 350 200 400 200 600
- Chong ng knh 132mm:

+ Chong K-132: Dc =13,2cm.
P = p.Dc = (200 600).13,2
P = 2640 7920 (kG)
*Khoan ly mu bng li khoan kim cng.
P = p.S (kG) (5.2)
Trong : p - Ti trng n v (kG/cm2).
50
2
S - Din tch mt y lm vic ca li khoan (cm )
- Vi li khoan kim cng 1 lp: p = 30 80 (kG/cm2)
2
+ Li khoan HQ: S = 32,1cm .
P = p.S = (30 90).32,1
P = 963 2889(kG)
2
+ Li khoan NQ: S = 20,73cm .
P = p.S = (30 90).20,73 = 629 1865 (kG)
P = 629 1865 (kG)
- Vi li khoan kim cng thm nhim: p = 80 120 (kG/cm2)
2
+ Li khoan HQ: S = 32,1cm
P = p.S = (80 120).32,1
P = 2568 3852 (kG)
+ Li khoan NQ: S=20,73 cm2
P = p.S = (40 120).20,73
P = 1658 2487 (kG)
b)Tnh ton tc vng quay: n (v/ph)
60 v
n (v/ph) (5.3)
D
Trong : v - vn tc di. Khi t t mi mn v = 1 2 (m/s)
Khi t mi mn v 1 (m/s)
D - ng knh ca li khoan kim cng (m).
Vic la chn vn tc di v cn ph thuc vo tnh cht c hc ca t . Vi
t gin cng: cn tng tc quay n. Ngc li, vi t mm, cn gim tc
vng quay mi cho c Vch tng.
- Khoan vi chong K-132. t nt n, t mi mn.
Chn v = 1 2 (m/s).
60 v 60 1 2
n 145 290 (v/ph)
D 0,132
*Khoan ly mu bng li khoan kim cng.
60 v
n (v/ph)
D
Trong : v - vn tc di.
Vi li khoan kim cng thm nhim: v = 1,6 3,5 m/s .
Vi li khoan kim cng 1 lp: v = 1,4 2,5m/s .
D - ng knh trung bnh ca li khoan kim cng (m).
- Li khoan 1 lp:
+ Li khoan HQ: D=95,6mm=9,56 cm; d=63,5mm=6,35 cm
9,56 6,35
Dtb = 2 =7,95 cm
51
60 v 60 1,4 2,5
n 336 600 (v/ph)
Dc 0,0795
+ Li khoan NQ: D=74,6mm=7,46cm; d=47,6mm=4,76 cm
7,46 4,76
Dtb= 6,11cm
2
60 v 60 1,4 2,5
n 437 781 (v/ph)
Dc 0,0611
- Li khoan thm nhim:
+Li khoan HQ:
60 v 60 1,6 3,5
n 384 840 ( v / ph)
Dc 0,0795
+Li khoan NQ:
60 v 60 1,6 3,5
n 500 1094 ( v / ph)
Dc 0,0611
c)Tnh ton lu lng nc ra: Q (l/ph)
Q vS

4

v kD d 2
2
(m3/ph) (5.4)
Trong : v l vn tc dng nc ra trong vnh xuyn (m/ph)
S l din tch vnh xuyn gia cn khoan v thnh l khoan (m3).
k l h s m rng thnh l khoan.
D l ng knh chong khoan (m).
d l ng knh ngoi ct cn khoan (m).
Theo nhiu nghin cu Q c nh hng ln ti tc khoan. Nhng nu tng Q
ln qu c th gy xi mn thnh l khoan. Vn tc trong khong khng vnh xuyn t
15 - 25(m/ph) thng cho kt qu kh quan. Thng thng:
i vi t mm: v = 20 25 (m/ph)
i vi t cng: v = 15 20 (m/ph)
Tham kho cc thng s trn ta c kt qu sau:
- Khoan bng chong K-132: Chn v = 15 20 (m/ph); Dc=0,132m;
dc=0,05m; k=1,1
2
.v. kD d 2 = . 15 20
1,1.0,132 0, 052
2
Q = v.S =
4 4
Q = 0,219 0,292 (m3/ph)
Q = 219 292 (l/ph)
*Khoan ly mu bng li khoan kim cng:
1- Lu lng nc ra: Q v S v kD 2 d 2
4
Hoc cng thc: Q = q.D

-q: lu lng ring trn 1mm ng knh li khoan( l/ph.mm)
52
-D: ng knh ngoi ca li khoan (mm)

+ Vi ng knh HQ(96mm):
-Li khoan 1 lp: q = 0,5 0,8 (lt/ph.mm)
HQ LK 1 lp = 0,5 0,8.96 = 48 77( lt/ph)
-Li khoan thm nhim: q = 0,4 0,7 (lt/ph.mm)
HQ thm nhim = 0,4 0,7 .96 = 38,4 67,0( lt/pht)
+ Vi ng knh NQ: -Li khoan 1 lp: q = 0,3 0,6 (lt/ph.mm)
NQ 1 lp = 0,3 0,6 .75,8 = 22,7 45,5 lt/pht
-Li khoan thm nhim: q = 0,3 0,7
NQ thm nhim = 0,5 0,7 .75,8 = 37,9 53 (lt/ph)
5.2.3. La chn cc thng s khoan cho tng khong khoan
T kt qu tnh ton phn trn v tham kho mt s ti liu ta c bng tng
hp thng s ch khoan sau:
Bng 5.2. Thng s ch khoan tnh ton
Thng s Theo tnh ton-
P n Q
Mi khoan (kg) (v/ph) (l/ph)
Chong khoan K-132 26407920 145290 219292
HQ Mt lp 9632889 336600 48 77
Thm nhim 2568 3852 384840 38 67
NQ Mt lp 6291865 437781 22,7 45,5
Thm nhim 16582487 5001094 37,9 53
Bin lun la chn thng s ch khoan cho tng khong khoan:
a)Khong 0 25m:Khoan qua bi thi v tng ph.
Do t lin kt yu, cha nhiu khe nt v l hng, t khng ng nht.
Hin tng thng xy ra l: sp l v mt nc ra. Trong iu kin a cht nh
vy, nu khoan vi P v n ln th tc c hc khoan cao dn n dng nc ra
khng kp thi mang mn khoan ln mt t v lp v st hnh thnh km vng
chc, ng thi n ln cng l nguyn nhn gy mt dung dch nhiu hn (lc li tm)
dn n dung dch mt nc thm ch mt dung dch v sp l thnh l khoan.
Mt khc, nu tun hon vi lu lng Q ln vn chuyn mn khoan hiu
qu li gy xi mn thnh l khoan, c th dn n mt dung dch khoan, sp l
thnh l khoan v kt b dng c khoan.
Cho nn khoan qua bi thi v tng ph cc thng s ch khoan P, n, Q cn
phi nh.(tng p lc ln gii hn trn khi khoan vo tng ct kt)
Kt hp vi tnh ton v tham kho cc thng s ch khoan hin nay ca cc
cng ty v t i ang p dng khi thi cng trong vng m, em chn cc thng s
ch khoan nh sau:
53
Bng 5.3. Bng thng s ch khoan : 0-25m

Thng s
P n Q
Mi khoan
(kG) (v/ph) (l/ph)

K 132 500 1200 100 200 60 120
b)Khong 25 320m:(ng knh HQ): t n nh, t nt n l cc tng bt

kt,ct kt,sn kt,than v phin st
S dng li khoan kim cng 1 lp khoan on 77,5 95m; 117-250m; 298-
320m ; v li khoan kim cng thm nhim khoan cc on: 20-77,5m; 110-117;
250-280m. Khi s dng li khoan kim cng 1 lp: nng sut ph hy t ln,
lng mn khoan ln, kch thc ht mn khoan ln hn, ng thi nu lm sch kp
thi y l khoan s tng nng sut ph hy t nn lu lng Q cn ln. Ht kim
cng to, cn ti trng ln, tc quay n nh hn li khoan thm nhim. Do vy ta
chn thng s ch khoan theo xu hng: tng P v gim n so vi khi s dng li
khoan kim cng thm nhim.
Vi li khoan kim cng thm nhim, ph hy theo nguyn l mi mn. Nn
tc quay n ln, ng thi P nh hn so vi li khoan kim cng 1 lp. Vi tc
quay ln nh vy, m bo an ton cho ct cn khoan th P khng c qu
ln. Khi m nh ca ht kim cng l rt nh, th vn lm sch y l khoan
ng vai tr quan trng. Ch cn 1 lp mn khoan mng nm di y l khoan cng
c th ngn cn kim cng tip xc vi t . Nn lm sch y l khoan kp thi s
gip li khoan ph hy t lin tc, kh nng lm mt nhanh hn, nn ta tng Q
khi khoan vo t mi mn
Theo nhiu nghin cu, khi tng P th tc c hc khoan cng tng ln nu
Q ln lm sch kp thi y l khoan. Nn y nhanh tc c hc khoan,
cc thng s P, n, Q u c th tng ln. Gia cc thng s u c mi lin h mt
thit vi nhau. Vic tng cc thng s trn phi c chn trong gii hn cho php
nhm gii quyt vn n nh ct cn khoan, bo v li khoan v bo v thnh l
khoan.
Khi li khoan mn i, kim cng mt dn, c th tng dn P tng Vch
54
Cn c vo tin i xung ca u my, ta c th thay i thng s ch

khoan cho ph hp. Do iu chnh cc thng s ch khoan P, n, Q rt n gin,
nn khoan t hiu qu cao, em la chn P, n, Q cho tng loi t .
- Bt kt n nh, t nt n, mi mn hn ct kt, nn khoan vi thng s ch
khoan ln
- Than: Than v kp. ly c t l mu cao cn trnh rung ng b ng
mu. Mn c trng lng ring nh nn Q nh cng vn chuyn mn khoan.
Hn na, khi khoan qua than cm, nu khoan vi P, n, Q ln d lm than phn tn
trong dung dch to thnh kim than l nguyn nhn tng nht dung dch khoan.
ng thi, y yu cu cao nht l t c t l mu ti a. Cho nn thng s
ch khoan qua than phi nh nht c th.
Kt hp gia tnh ton v thc nghim, em chn cc thng s ch khoan nh sau:
Bng 5.4. Bng thng s ch khoan : 25-320m
Thng s
Mi khoan La chn
P (kG) n (v/ph) Q (l/ph)

Mt lp Bt kt 900 1500 200 350 45 60
HQ

Than 400 600 100150 3050

Thm Ct kt 1100 1800 200 350 30 50
nhim

Than 300 500 100150 45 60
c) Khong khoan 320 620m: khoan qua tng t n nh v qua cc va than:

iu kin a cht tng t nh khong khoan 25320m. S dng li khoan kim
cng thm nhim khoan on v li khoan kim cng mt lp khoan cc on l
khoan cn li.
Kt hp gia tnh ton v thc nghim, em chn cc thng s ch khoan nh sau:
Bng 5.5. Bng thng s ch khoan

55
Thng s La chn
Mi khoan
P(kG) n(v/ph) (l/ph)

Bt kt 700 1300 200 450 5080
Mt lp
HQ

Than 300 600 100150 3040
Thm
Ct kt 1000 1800 350- 700 35 70
nhim
Than 300 500 100150 3040

Bt kt 600 1300 350 800 5080
Mt lp
NQ
Than 300-500 100150 3040
Thm
Ct kt 1000 1500 400- 900 35 70
nhim
Than 300 500 100150 3040
5.3. Cng ngh, k thut khoan

5.3.1. K thut khoan m l qua bi thi
Trc khi khoan m l phi kim tra gc phng v v gc lch trc spinden,
sau phi o mt h c kch thc (0,5m x 0,5m x 0,5m), tin hnh khoan m l
vi cc thng s sau:
+ p lc y = 1/2 p lc tnh ton.
+ Lu lng nc ra nh a mn khoan ln ming l khoan.
+ Tc vng quay: s 1 (82 v/ph)
Mc ch l to cho l khoan ban u thng tm, sau khi khoan doa chng
ng nh hng xong khng lm nh hng n gc phng v, lch ca li
khoan. Chng ng nh hng 127mm di 25m. ng nh hng c tc dng rt
ln trong qu trnh khoan (c bit l nhng l khoan su, thi gian thi cng ln)
l: gi cho l khoan i ng hng, lp t ph - thi khng sp l, vic ko th b
dng c c d dng. Khi chng ng phi chnh cho trc ch lc thng vi tm
ng sau tin hnh nh v ming ng v chn ng sao cho tht cht.
5.3.2. K thut khoan qua than v ly mu kh
Trc khi khoan than phi th kim tra li chiu su l khoan, kim tra li cc
chi tit lp rp b dng c ly mu than khi th phi tht nh nhng, cch y 0,3
56
0,5m th dng li bm ra t 5 10 pht sau khoan vi ch khoan nh

tnh ton. Mi hip khoan than ch nn t 0,8 1,2m.
Trong on cu trc khoan NQ v HQ khi khoan than khng cn thay i b
ng mu nhng cn gim ch khoan ti gi tr ti hn.
Khi khoan ly mu s dng b dng c ly mu kh CB-84 (ci tin phn ng
ni s dng cho ng NQ v HQ) vi ch khoan nh khoan ly mu than. Mi
hip khoan bng ng mu kh t 0,6 0,8m.
Trc khi khoan than phi ly ht mu v ra sch y (dung dch cht
lng tt).
Trong qu trnh khoan, mu than ln ng mu v kh s i vo ng cha kh,
ng thi nc trong ng mu cha kh s chy ra ngoi.
Khi ko b dng c ly mu kh nht thit phi bm b dung dch vo y l
khoan. Khi ko ln n ming l khoan, phi treo b ng trong l khoan v tho u
ni v qua van thu hi kh vo bnh chuyn ng kh th nghim.
Dng kha tho cc n mu cng vi vnh chn gi mu.
Dng ba g nh vo thn ng mu (trong khi g phi xoay ng mu) xp mu
theo trnh t quy nh.
*Ko ct cn v b dng c khoan: Ch tin hnh trong nhng trng hp sau:
-Thay li khoan.
-Khng vt c mu.
-Nghin cu CTV, o VL.
5.3.3. c tnh cng ngh khoan ng mu lun
5.3.3.1. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca b ng mu lun
a)B ng trong v b ng ngoi
57
Hnh 5.1. B ng trong v b ng ngoi

Ch thch:
S Chi tit S Chi tit
1 u nm 7 u ni chuyn tip
2 ng trong 8 Vai ta
3 Vng chn hom mu 9 ng ngoi
4 Hom chn mu 10 Vng nh tm ng trong
5 Cc n mu 11 M rng thnh l khoan
6 u ni nh tm 12 Li khoan
b)B ng mu lun.
58
Hnh 5.2. Cu to b ng mu lun
Ch thch:
59
S Chi tit S Chi tit

1 u nm 20 bi chn
2 Cht hm l xo 21 Trc ( bi)
3 L xo nn (y). 22 Gi treo ( bi)
4 Cht hm 23 L xo nn
5 Thn nm 24 ai c hm(kha)
6 ng cht 25 B u ni ng trong
7 Cht nh v l xo 26 V m
8 L xo vu hm 27 Vin bi cu
9 Vu hm 28 Thn van 1 chiu.
10 Thanh 29 ng trong 1,5m; 3m
11 Cht nh v vu hm 30 Vng chn hom mu
12 Cht tng cng 31 Hom chn mu
13 Thn cht trn 32 Cc n mu
14 Vai ta (c th quay) 33 u ni nh tm (lc lng)
15 Thn cht di 34 u ni chuyn tip
16 ai c hm (iu chnh trc). 35 Gi
17 Trc 36 ng ngoi 1,5m; 3m
18 Van ngt dng (dong cao su) 37 Vng nh tm ng trong
19 Van iu chnh dng (Vng m) 38 ng bo v (cho ren)
Nguyn l hot ng:

B ng mu c c nh trong ng ngoi nh vu hm 9 v gi 35.
Vu hm 9 gip khng cho b ng mu i ln trong qu trnh khoan v khi
mu y. Vai ta 14 t ln gi 35 treo ng mu, to khe h gia ng trong v
ng ngoi cho dung dch tun hon (nh hnh 5.3), ng thi gip b ng mu
ng yn (ch c b u nm quay theo ct cn khoan).
Khi ko b ng mu bng b chp vt, u nm ko vu hm trt khi thnh
u ni chuyn tip 34 v gii phng b ng mu.
Khi ng mu y hoc xy ra hin tng t chn mu: Li khoan vn tip tc
n su vo t , mu vn tip tc i ln to p lc ln ng trong. Do b ng mu
b c nh nn p lc sinh ra cng lc cng ln. p lc lm 2 van iu chnh dng
19 p 2 van ngt dng 18 phnh ra p cht vo thnh ng trong, ngn khng cho
dng nc ra tun hon. Khi ng h bo p sut my bm tng t ngt cho ta
bit du hiu ng mu y hoc hin tng t chn mu xy ra.
Khi mu i ln, nc ra trong ng mu i ra ngoi khong h gia ng trong
v ng ngoi nh van mt chiu 28.
60
ng tun hon ca dung dch qua li khoan

.
Hnh 5.3. Dung dch tun hon qua ng mu v li khoan

Ch thch:
S Chi tit S Chi tit
1 Li khoan 3 Dung dch khoan
2 Li thot dung dch 4 Cc n mu
61
c) B dng c chp vt
62
Hnh 5.4. Cu to b vt mu:

63
Ch thch:
S Chi tit S Chi tit
1 B kp cp 11 Ty ni
2 Dy cp 12 ng tho cp
3 Mt buc cp 13 Cht nh v
4 Vng ni chuyn tip 14 Vt kha
5 Vng bi 15 Cht nh v
6 ai c hm 16 u overshot (ngn)
7 V m 17 L xo vu nng
8 Thn ng trt 18 Vu nng
9 Thn 19 Cht nh v
10 ai c hm
Nguyn l hot ng:

Th b chp vt xung l khoan, vu nng 19 s bt cht vo u nm ca b
ng mu.
Khi ng mu b kt, mun gii phng b chp vt khi b ng mu ta dng ng
tho cp 12.
5.3.3.2. c tnh cng ngh khoan ng mu lun
Phng php khoan ng mu lun c c tnh ring khc vi phng php
khoan kim cng truyn thng: cu trc b dng c, khe h gia ng mu trong v
ng ngoi nh t 24mm. Khe h gia thnh l khoan v ct cn khoan t
2,53mm. Ngoi ra thit b dng trong khoan ng mu lun l cc thit bi khoan tc
ln c trang b cc dng c o kim cc thng s ch khoan. V vy, p
dng cc nguyn l v tiu chun la chn cng ngh khoan kim cng truyn
thng la chn cng ngh khoan ng mu lun c th khng ph hp.
p lc y, tc vng quay l cc thng s c bn xc mh tc c hc,
tin li khoan v tc hip khoan. Kt qu nghin cu l thuyt v thc t cho
thy khi tng tc vng quay, tc c hc tng theo, mn li khoan hu nh
khng tng, khi tng p lc y, tc c hc tng theo nhng ch n mt gi tr
nht nh sau gim, ng thi mn li khoan cng tng khi tng p lc, dn
n tin li khoan gim. Trong thc t khi tng p lc v tc vng quay b
hn ch bi cng sut thit b, bn cn khoan v a tng l khoan.
La chn cc thng s ch khoan ng mu lun cho mt iu kin c th cn
phi t c gi tr ti u v tc c hc v tin li khoan. Cc ch tiu ny
nh hng ln n nng sut khoan v lin quan n tin hip v thi gian lm
vic ca li khoan ti y l khoan.
64
Theo quan im ca mt s chuyn gia, tc vng quay hp l khi khoan ng

mu lun ng knh 46mm v 59mm: 9001300(v/ph), ng knh 76mm:
300800(v/ph), p lc y t 5002000(kG) ty thuc vo ng knh khoan v
tnh cht c l t ca a tng l khoan.
Lu lng nc ra cng l mt trong cc yu t c bn xc nh hiu qu
khoan. Nhiu kt qu nghin cu cho thy tc dng chy hp l khe h gia
cn khoan v thnh l khoan 0,5 1,0m/s, lu lng nc ra t 1070 (l/ph), ph
thuc vo ng knh l khoan v a tng l khoan.
5.3.3.3. Quy trnh cng ngh khoan ng mu lun
Cu trc l khoan phi p ng c yu cu nghin cu a cht, a cht thy
vn, a vt lv m bo c k thut, cng ngh khoan ng mu lun.
Khoan m l, khoan chng ng nh hng tin hnh bng bin php khoan
truyn thng.
a) Chun b dng c v dng c ph tr:
- Chun b ng ngoi: Trc khi lp b ng cn kim tra trng thi ca ng, cc
u ni, cc rnh t vng nh tmcc chi tit khng m bo phi thay th, loi
b. Bi m vo cc u ni.
- Chun b ng cha mu:
Kim tra quay trn, kim tra cc vng tn hiu, cc vng tn hiu phi c
n hi tt, khng nt n. ng cha mu phi thng, ng thi cn chnh ty ng
mu sao cho khe h gia ng v li khoan trong khong cho php l 24mm.
- Chun b b chp vt ng cha mu.
- Chun b ti ko mu, cc b phn m bo an ton k thut.
- Chun b u nm: Kim tra ren ni u nm bng cch dng tay vn ren u
nm vo ren u ni cn khoan.
b) Chun b cn khoan:
Kim tra mn ca cn, loi b cn c mn qu quy nh.
c) Chun b l khoan:
Khi chuyn sang cng ngh khoan ng mu lun phi bm ra sch mn
khoan, chp ht mu ri, s dng dung dch cho ph hp.
d) Th b ng v chun b khoan.
- Th b ng ngoi v cn khoan: Th vi tc u, tc th khng vt qu
2m/s, khng th ng ngoi cng ng mu trong.
- Th b ng cha mu: C th th t do hoc bng ti.
Th t do: Khi mc nc ng < 20m sau bm ra y ng cha mu
xung di li khoan (thi gian bm ra t 3050 pht), trong thi gian bm ra
thnh thong dng ti ca my khoan do b dng c.
Th bng ti: S dng ti L5. Khi b ng cha mu vo ng v tr, dng b t
tho gii phng b chp vt.
65
- Chun b khoan: Th b dng c khoan cch y 2030cm bt u khoan r

u hip vi tc s 1 ca my (82 v/ph).
e) Tin hnh khoan, cn thc hin 2 giai on.
- Giai on 1: Cn c gi l giai on khoan r nhm mc ch lm n
nh b dng c v li khoan, khoan t 2030cm cho mu (mi mu) vo ng
mu.
Ch khoan: p lc y 200 800 (kG); tc quay s 1, 2; lu lng nc
ra 3040(l/ph).
- Giai on 2: Sau khi khoan r, s chuyn dn sang ch khoan cho php
nh thit k.
f) Chn b mu.
Nhc b dng c khoan ln chn mu. B mu bng tc s 1.
g) Th b chp vt v ko ng cha mu.
- Th b chp vt v ko ng mu trong bng ti chuyn dng L5.
- Th b chp vt phi v nh nhng, theo di chiu su th qua ng h o
mt ca cp ti. Cng gn ti y l khoan th cng chm.
Khi th vo nh ng mu dy cp th b trng li.
- Khi ko khng c git, ko tc u, gim tc khi ng mu ln gn
ming l khoan. Khi b chp vt ln khi ming l khoan, lp ng hm trnh
ng mu t tho ra khi b chp vt.
- Trong trng hp khng ko tho c ng mu trong, dng ng tho tho
b chp vt.
h) Trnh t ly mu khoan.
Khi ly mu, treo b ng mu v tr an ton. Trnh t ly mu nh sau:
- Dng kha tho cc n mu cng vi vnh chn gi mu.
- Dng ba g nh vo thn ng mu.
- Xp mu theo th t (ra trc xp sau, t trn xung di t tri sang phi).
5.3.4. K thut khoan bng cng ngh ng mu lun
- Khi s dng li khoan kim cng khoan, trc tin phi lp t my mc
thit b chc chn, b khoan c vng, ng tm khoan c vi tc cao, gim
rung ng v c cc ng h ch bo chnh xc.
- S dng li khoan ph hp vi tnh cht c l ca t .
- Khi y l khoan cn mnh kim loi v mu ca hip trc cn trn 10cm
phi dng chong ph sch ri mi c khoan tip bng cng ngh khoan ng
mu lun.
- Khi th b vng mc khng c dng b dng c m phi ko ln dng b
dng c khoan khc khoan thng. Khng c dng li khoan kim cng
khoan ui mu v ph thnh l khoan.
- Khi s dng li khoan kim cng mi phi khoan r u hip vi p lc v
vng quay nh t nht l 15 pht (P = 150 200 kG; n = 78 136 v/ph)
66
Sau mi tng dn n gi tr tnh ton.

- Trong iu kin bnh thng cn phi tng p lc y theo mc mi mn
ca cc ht kim cng, gim p lc khi khoan vo t nt n, xen kp, mm
do hoc ct cn khoan rung ng mnh.
- Nn s dng dung dch st c trng lng ring nh nu c th.
- Phi thay li khoan b mi mn qu 0,6mm theo ng knh v 6mm theo
mt u li khoan, hoc li khoan b xt m, rn nt.
- Trong qu trnh khoan khng c do b dng c v tng p lc t ngt.
- iu chnh lng nc ra ph hp vi tnh cht c l ca t khoan qua,
t ng nht cht xt dng lng nc ra nh, t nt n dng lng nc
ra ln.
- Thng xuyn theo di ng h p sut my bm pht hin hin tng
chn mu, nu xy ra hin tng chn mu phi a my mc v tc s 1
khoan treo t 1015 pht, khi p sut my bm gim th mi c khoan tip,
ngc li phi ko cn ngay.
- Trc khi b mu phi treo b dng c st y, bm ra sch l khoan, dng
s 1 b mu (nng b dng c khoan ln cch y t 10 20cm). Ko b dng
c ln cch y l khoan t 3 6m sau th b chp vt vt b ng cha mu.
- Dng ti L5 vi cc yu cu sau: Th chm u, cng gn ng mu cng phi
th chm, khi ko phi ko vi vn tc u, gim tc khi ng mu ln gn ming
l khoan.
- Khi ko th phi nh nhng trnh lm ri mu.
- Trong trng hp vng mc khng ko c b ng cha mu ln th phi
dng b t tho gii phng b chp vt.
- Trong qu trnh khoan thng xuyn theo di cc tr s p lc, tc vng
quay, p sut bm, lu lng nc ra, tin ca u my kp thi pht hin
cc hin tng bt thng v khc phc kp thi.
5.4. Cng tc chng ng
*Mc ch: Chng ng l khoan LKKH.06 nhm:
- To cho thnh l khoan vng chc, ngn nga sp l thnh l khoan trong
sut qu trnh khoan.
* Phng thc chng ng:
Do chiu di chng ng nh, nn cng tc chng ng c thc hin ch yu
bng sc ngi.
ng chng phi c t trong t n nh.
5.5. Cng tc trm xi mng.
Trong phng n ny, do chiu di ct ng chng nh, sau khi kt thc l
khoan, ct ng chng c ly ln. Nn ta khng trm ton b ct ng m ch trm
phn chn ng.
67
- Trong phng n ny ng chng ch di 25m v chu tc dng trong sut qu

trnh khoan nn em quyt nh trm xi mng ht chiu di tng ct kt (trm ln 5m
k t chn ng chng).
- tit kim thi gian thi cng, va xi mng l va xi mng ng nhanh cha
8% cht lm ng nhanh Na2CO3.
5.6. Cng tc kt thc l khoan
5.6.1. Cng tc ly mu b xung
Trong mt s trng hp sau y cn tin hnh ly mu b sung:
- Trong qu trnh khoan ly mu, do mt s nguyn nhn no dn t l
mu thp, cht lng mu khng cao hoc khng ly c mu.
- Va than qu mng trong qu trnh khoan khng pht hin kp thi tin
hnh cc bin php ly mu nn khng ly c mu hay ch ly c mu vi t l
thp.
- Trong qu trnh ly mu do tnh cht ca va than d b ph hy bi tc dng
ca nc ra, tc ng c hc, p dng ch khoan khng hp l.
- Khi khoan ta s tin hnh ly mu b xung xc nh chnh xc c im a
cht cng nh chiu dy lm c s cho tnh ton tr lng ca va than.
a) Phng php ly mu b xung.
C nhiu phng php ly mu b xung nh:
- Ly mu b xung ngay khi pht hin va sn phm va khoan ra.
- Ly mu b xung sau khi kt thc chiu su l khoan.
ly mu c th dng cch khoan lch l khoan theo hng khc hoc dng
cch bn vo va.
Do trang thit b hn ch, nn phng php ly mu b xung sau khi kt thc l
khoan l khoan theo hng khc.
b) Trnh t thc hin.
- Lp l khoan t di ln qua va sn phm cn ly b xung 1 on sau
khi khoan nh hng bt u n va sn phm khoan c th s dng cc loi ng
mu d dng.
- t mng hng, nh hng mng.
- Khoan qua mng hng n nc va sn phm.
- Lp ng mu v tin hnh khoan ly mu.
Cng tc khoan ly mu b xung phi c tin hnh ng quy trnh k thut v
di s ch o trc tip ca t trng.
5.6.2. Cng tc bm ra l khoan
Sau khi kt thc chiu su, cc l khoan phi c bm ra bng dung dch c
cht lng tt tun hon t 3-4 ca my, chun b cho cng tc o a vt l.
5.6.3. Cng tc o a vt l l khoan
68
Khi kt thc chiu su, l khoan u c o a vt l (o ng b cc phng

php gm 2 ng x, 2 ng in, o ng knh l khoan, o phng v v
lch ca l khoan).
5.6.4. Cng tc lp l khoan v mc
Tt c cc l khoan khi hon thnh phi tin hnh lp l khoan. Lp l khoan
bng gen xi mng theo t l quy nh ca tng cc a cht Vit Nam l 6 kg xi
mng trn 1m khoan ng knh 76mm.
Phng php lp t di ln trn: Bm va xi mng theo ct cn xung y l
khoan. trnh b mt cn NQ, cn lp ni tip vi 100m cn khoan 50mm di.
Phi tin hnh nh ng chng trc khi lp.
Sau khi lp xong phi lp bin bn v mc l khoan theo qui nh.
5.7. Cng tc h thp v bc d thit b
Sau khi kt thc cng trnh a ht thit b dng c ra khi thp, kim tra n
nh ca thp, tho dy chng thp thu dn mt bng vt t khi tho r. trnh t
tho r t trn nh thp xung (cc x ngang, dng dc,cc chn thp tng tng
c a xung bng dng dc) Ngi th khoan khi tho lp thp phi s dng
dy an ton v tun th cc qui phm an ton v tho lp, vn chuyn thit b.
69
CHNG VI
KIM TON THIT B V DNG C KHOAN
m bo qu trnh thi cng thc hin c tt, cc thit b v dng c khoan

phi lm vic n nh. L khoan ch thi cng tt khi cc dng c v thit b khoan
lm vic trong iu kin cho php.
6.1. Kim ton thp khoan
Ta c ti trng ln nht tc dng ln mc nng ca thp khoan khi trng lng
b khoan c t gi tr ti a l:
Qm = Qdc . kc (kg) (6.1)
Trong : kc = 1,5 2 l h s ma st gia b khoan c v thnh l khoan
trong qu trnh ko th, chn kc = 2.
Qdc - trng lng ca b dng c khoan (kg)
d
Qdc = .q.L.1 (kg) (6.2)
t
: H s k n s tng trng lng do u ni.
= 1 khoan lun khng dng u ni.
q = 7,8 kG trng lng 1m cn khoan NQ
L = 620m chiu su l khoan.
d = 1,05 G/cm 3 trng lng ring ca dung dch khoan.
t = 7,85 G/cm 3 trng lng ring ca thp lm cn khoan.
1,05
Qdc = 1. 7,8. 620.(1 - ) = 4189(kg)
7.85
Qm = Qdc . kc = 4189 . 2 = 8378(kg)
Khi ti trng ln nht tc dng ln rng rc nh thp:
Ta c cng thc:
Q0 = Qm + Pt + Pc (kg) (6.3)
Trong :
Qm: Ti trng tc dng ln mc nng. Tnh ton cho qu trnh ko ct cn
khoan, khi Qm ln nht (kg).
Pt: sc cng ca nhnh cp i vo ti (kg).
Pc: sc cng ca nhnh cp cht (kg).
Coi sc cng ca cc nhnh cp l bng nhau ta c:
Qm
Pt = Pc =
m.h
Trong : m = 4 s nhnh cp ng ca h thng pa lng (2 rng rc ng).
: hiu sut ca h thng pa lng. = 0,8 0,9.
Ta c ti trng tc dng ln rng rc nh thp l:
2.Qm
Q0 = Qm + Pt + Pc = Qm + (kg)
m.h
70
2.8378
Q0 = 8378 + 4.0,8
= 11729 (kg)
Vi thp khoan HCX -13 ti trng nh mc trn rng rc tnh l 13 tn m
bo an ton cho qu trnh ko th
Vi nhng l khoan c chiu su di 650m v s dng thp khoan HCX-13 c th
s dng cc xt xi k my l cc dm g c tit din vung chiu ngang 20-25cm v
dm g k chn thp kch thc 30cm c t trn nn n nh bng phng
Qm Qt Qtb
. kim nghim chu ti ca nn ta p dng cng thc: < n t
S tx
trong :
- Qtb: trng lng ca my v thit b t trn thp
- Qm: ti trng ln nht tc dng ln thp
- Qt: trng lng bn thn thp
- Stx:din tch tip xc ca dm g
- n : ng xut khng nn ca t nn kG/cm 2(
tng:10-:6. dm:6-4.t st:6-3.t tht:4-2,5.Cui si:6-
5.Ct:3-2)
Trng hp ng xut khng nn ca t nn khoan qu yu c th phi gia
cng hoc mng b tng tit din mt mng phi ln kch thc
6.2. Kim ton ti khoan
Sc nng nh mc ca ti khoan l:
Qm 8378
Qmt = Pt = m.h = 4.0,8 = 2618 (kg) (6.4)
My khoan XY-42A c sc nng nh mc Q mt = 4000 kg nn iu kin thi
cng l khoan LKKH.06
6.3. Kim ton cng sut ng c

6.3.1. Trong qu trnh khoan
Trong qu trnh khoan v trong qu trnh nng th ng c my khoan i hi
phi c cng sut ln lm vic n nh m bo vic thi cng ging khoan.
Cng sut chi ph cho qu trnh khoan c tnh theo cng thc :
Nk = N1 + N2 + N3 + N4 (KW) (6.5)
Trong :
N1 - Cng sut thng ma st my v cc b phn truyn ng
N2 - Cng sut quay ct cn khng
N3 - Cng sut ph quay ct cn khi c tc dng ca ti trng y.
N4 Cng sut ph hy t
* Cng sut thng ma st my v cc b phn truyn ng N1
Tnh theo cng thc ca Zinhenco A.N v Kardus V.G
N1 = A + B.n (kW) (6.9)
71
Trong : A, B : H s thc nghim ph thuc loi my (tra bng ta nhn thy

my khoan 650A c thng s tng t )
Vi my XY-42A : A = 1,8; B = 3,7.10-3
n = 661 (v/ph)
N1 = A + B.n = 1,8 + 3,7.10 3 .661
N1 = 4,4(kW)
* Cng sut quay ct cn khoan khng ti N 2
Tnh theo cng thc Vozvijenxki B.I, cho cn thp :
N 2 = 8,6.10-7.L0,9.n1,6 (6.7)
Trong : L = 620m chiu su l khoan.
n = 661 v/ph.
N 2 = 8,6 .10-7.L0,9.n1,6 = 8,6 .10-7.6200,9.6611,6
N2 = 9,12(kW)
* Cng sut ph quay ct cn khi c tc dng ca ti trng y N 3
Vi l khoan lk = 75.8mm;dc=66,9 mm ta p dng cng thc :
N3 = Kg. . P. n (kW) (6.8)
-6
Trong : Kg = 2,4.10
Dlk d c 75,8 66,9
= = =4,45cm
2 2
P = 1500 (kg)
n = 661 (v/ph)
N3 = 2,4.10-6.4,45.1500.661
N3 = 10,59 (kW)
* * Cng sut ph hy t N4:
C nhiu tc gi ra cch tnh cng sut ph hy t , em tnh theo
phng php ca Tarakanov
Vi ch khoan kim cng:
N4 = 2.10-4.P.n.Dtb (KW) (6.6)
Trong :
P ti trng y. P = 1500 (KG) (ly gi tr max).
n l tc quay ca ct cn khoan. n = 661 (v/ph).
Dtb ng knh trung bnh ca li khoan .
Dd 74,6 47,6
D tb = = = 61,1(mm)
2 2
N4 = 2.10 4 . P. n .Dtb = 2 . 10 4 .1500.661.0,0611
N4 = 12,1 (kW)
Vy: Nk = N1 + N2 + N3 + N4
Nk = 4,4+ 9,12 + 10,59 + 12,1 = 36,2 (kW)
Nk = 36,2 kW < Nc = 38 kW ng c m bo cho qu trnh khoan
6.3.2. Qu trnh nng, th
Cng sut chi ph cho qu trnh nng th
Nn = Nt + Nr + Nd (kW) (6.10)
Trong : - Nt cng sut quay tang ti.
72
- Nr cng sut thng ma st trong h rng rc.

- Nd cng sut thun ty nng b dng c.
* Cng sut quay tang ti Nt:
Nt = a1 + b1.n (6.11)
Vi: a1; b1 h s thc nghim a 1 = 1,44; b 1 = 0,42
Vr: tc quay tang ti (m/s). Chn Vr = 0,8 (m/s)
Nt = a1 + b1.n = 1,44 + 0,42.0,8 = 1,78 (kW)
* Cng sut thng ma st trong h rng rc Nr
Nr = .v (6.12)
Vi h s thc nghim. Chn = 1,1
vr - l tc quay ca tang ti.
vr = 1,36 m/s (chn tc s 3)
Nr = 1,1. 1,36 = 1,5 (kW)
* Cng sut thun ty nng b dng c Nd
Q.cos .(1 f .tg ).vm
Nd = K c . (kW) (6.13)
102
Trong :
- Kc: h s ma st ca b dng c vi thnh l khoan.
L khoan thng, t cng Kc = 1,2
- Q: trng lng ca b dng c khoan (kg)
d
Q = .q.L.1 (kg) (theo 6.2)
t
: H s k n s tng trng lng do u ni.
= 1 khoan bng ng NQ khng dng u ni.
q = 7,8 kG trng lng 1m cn khoan.
L = 620m chiu di ct cn khoan.
d = 1,05 G/cm 3 trng lng ring ca dung dch khoan.
t = 7,85 G/cm 3 trng lng ring ca thp lm cn khoan.
1,05
Q = 1. 7,8. 620 .(1 - ) = 4189 (kg)
7.85
- l gc thin nh chn = 1 0 /100m (ly theo mc cho php)
L khoan LKKH.06 chiu su 620m Ly ti a. =6 0
- f: h s ma st gia b dng c khoan vi t trong qu trnh nng. f =
(0,25 -0,4) chn f = 0,4
- vm tc chuyn ng ca mc (m/s) (Ly theo tc s 1 ca ti)
vt 0,52
vm = = = 0,26 m/s (6.14)
2 2
4189. cos 6 0.(1 0,4.tg 6 0 ).0,26
Nd = 1,2. =13,28 (kW)
102
Vy : N n = N T + N R + Nd = 1,78 + 1,5 + 13,28 = 16,56 (kW)
N n = 16,56 kW < N c = 38 kW ng c tha mn hon ton qu trnh
nng th trong qu trnh khoan.
73
6.3.3 Kim ton ct cn khoan

6.3.3.1 Kim ton ct cn khoan trong qu trnh ko th:
Trong qu trnh ko th ct cn khoan chu cclc sau:

Qdc,Qms,Qqt
Lc cn thit
ko th ct cn

khoan l: Qk Qdc Qms Qqt
Trong

Qk :ti trng

ko; Qdc :Trng lng b dng c trong l khoan
Qms : lc ma st; Qqt : lc qun tnh
Trong qu trnh nng ct cn khoan vi gia tc a>0 th cc lc trn cng du ,khi
lc ko tc dng ln ct cn khoan ln nht ngha l ng sut sinh ra trong ct cn
l ln nht nn ta kim ton cho qu trnh ko khi ct cn khoan di nht v tr kim
ton l tit din trn cng ca ct cn khoan.
Khi : Qk=Qdc+Qms+Qqt (kN)
d
* Qdc= ) cos = 4166 (kG) Qdc 40,855 (kN)
q.L.(1
t .
L khoan 620 m vi sai lch 1 0 /100m ( 6 0 )
* Lc ma st: Qms: lc ma st vi thnh l khoan hoc ng chng
d 1,05
Qms= .q.L.(1 ). f . sin = 1.7,8.6201 0,5. cos 6 0 2083 (kG)
t 7 ,85
Qms= 20,427(kN)
d a a
* Lc qun tnh: Qqt= .q.L.(1 . Qdc .
t g g
g : gia tc trng trng g= 9,81(m/s2)
V m V0
a= - Vm: vn tc i ln ca mc nng ly theo s 1 ca ti
t
- V0: vn tc ban u V0= 0
-t: thi gian chuyn t trng thi ng yn sang trng thi chuyn
ng t= 0,23s
v 0,52 0,13 0
Vm 0,13(m / s ) a = = 0,56 (m/s2)
4 4 0,23
0,56
Qqt= 40,855.
9,81
2,33 (kN) .Khi a>0 Qk= Qdc+Qms+Qqt
Qk = 40,855+20,427+2,33=63,612(kN)
+
ng sut ko t gi tr ln nht tit din trn cng do ta kim ton tit din

ny: F= . D 2 d 2
3,14
6,99 2 6,03 2 9,81cm2
4 4
QK 63612
K 6484,4 (N/cm2). Vi cn khoan Longyear c 700MPa
F 9, ,81
c 70000
H s an ton: K= 10,79 (1,5) ct cn khoan tha mn /k bn trong
k 6484,4
qu trnh nng th
Kim ton ct cn khoan trong qu trnh khoan
Trong qu trnh khoan ct cn khoan chu cc ng sut sau:
74
- ng sut ko: k.
- ng sut nn: n.
- ng sut un: u.
- ng sut xon: x.
6.3.3.2. Kim ton phn trn ct cn khoan
Phn trn ct cn khoan chu cc ng sut ch yu l k, x. Vy l ng sut
tng hp l:
= k2 4.t x2 (9.20)
Kim ton cho tit din trn cng Tit din nguy him nht khi khoan vi ch
khoan nh nht.
* ng sut ko (k):
ng sut ko c tnh theo cng thc:
Qdc P
k = (9.13)
F
Ta c: Qdc = 4189 (kg)
P = 300 (kg). (Khi khoan qua than: P nh th k phn trn ct cn khoan
ln hn-nguy him hn)

F = .( D d ) = (6,99 6,03 ) = 9,81 cm2
2 2 2 2
4 4
Q P 4189 300
Suy ra: k = dc = 9,81
=396,4( kg/cm2)
F
C
Ta c th tnh c chiu di phn di theo cng thc sau: L= .q.1 d
t

1500
L= 1.7,81 1,05 =222 m
7,85
* ng sut xon (x):
ng sut xon c tnh theo cng thc:
Mx
x = (9.17)
W
- Momen xon Mx:
N
Mx = 71620. (N: cng sut chi ph cho qu trnh khoan) (9.18)
n
Mx = 71620. 36,2 =17169 (KG/cm2)
151
- Momen khng xon (W):
D4 d 4
W= . (9.19)
16 D
Vi D v d l ng knh trong v ngoi ca cn khoan. D = 6,99 cm;
d = 6,03 cm.
75
D 4 d 4 6, 99 6, 03
4 4
W= . = .
16 D 16 6,99
W = 29,9 cm3
M 17169
Suy ra: x = x = 29,9 =574 (kG/cm2)
W
Vy: = 396 2 4.574 2 = 13183(KG/cm2)
70000
H s an ton: k = 5,3 > 1,5
13183
Nh vy, ct cn khoan s dng tha mn iu kin bn-m bo an ton cho qu
trnh khoan.
6.3.3.3. Kim ton phn di ct cn khoan
Trong qu trnh khoan phn di ct cn khoan chu cc ng sut sau:
- ng sut nn: n
- ng sut un: u
- ng sut xon: x
Tng ng sut tc dng:
= ( n u ) 2 4.t x2 (6.20)
Kim ton cho na cung un cui cng-V tr nguy him nht-Khi khoan vi ch
sau:
Khi ti trng P ln th n v u ln. Cn khi s vng quay nh th x ln. Nn ch
khoan gy nguy him cho phn di ct cn khoan l:
P = 1500 kg; n = 251 v/ph.
* ng sut nn n:
P
n = (6.21)
F
Trong : P ti trng y. P = 1500 kg
F tit din cn khoan. F = 9,81 cm2
P 1500
n = = = 152,9( KG/cm2)
F 9,81
* ng sut xon x:
Mx N (6.22)
tx 71620. 1
W nW
.
Bit N1 = 12,2 KW; n = 251 v/ph; W = 29,9 cm2

Mx N 12,1
tx 71620. 1 = 71620 115,5 kg/cm2
W nW
. 251.29,9
* ng sut un u:
76
Mu f . 2 .E.D X (6.23)
u 2
. sin
Wu l l
.X
umax khi sin=1
l
X 1
=
l 2
Nh vy: ng sut ln nht ti im gia na cung un
2 .E.D. f
umax =
l2
Trong :
D: ng knh ngoi cn NQ. D = 6,99 cm
E: m un n hi. E = 2,1.106 kg/cm2
J: m men qun tnh.

J= .( D 4 d 4 ) = 0,05.(6,994 6,034) = 67 cm4 (6.24)
64
f: vng tit din ang xt.
f = flk - D
2 2 (6.25)
7,58 6,99
f= - = 0,29 cm
2 2
l: chiu di na cung un.
l = 10 0,5.Z 0, 25.Z 2 E.J7.w

2
w 10 . p (6.26)
y: + tc quay ct cn khoan.
Bit n = 251 (v/ph)
2. .n 2. .251
= = = 26,3 (rad/s)
60 60
+ Z l khong cch t tit din trung ha n tit din ang xt.
P
L= 222 m (6.27)
1500
Z 620
Qdc 4189
p: trng lng 1cm cn khoan. p = 0,078 kg/cm

Suy ra:
10 E.J .w 2
l= 0,5.Z 0, 25.Z 2
w 107. p
77
10 2,1.106.67.26,32
l= . 0,5.222 0, 25.222 2
26,3 107.0, 078
l = 6,12 m
Thay: = 3,14; E = 2,1.106 kg/cm2:

D. f
umax = 1000.
l2
6,99.0, 29
umax = 1000.
6,122
umax = 54,12 kg/cm2
Suy ra: = ( u n ) 2 4.t x2 = 54,12 152,9 2 4.115 ,12 531,98 kG/cm2
= 531,98 kg/cm2
ch 7000
k = = 531,98 =13,1 > 1,5

Vy ct cn khoan s dng tha mn iu kin bn- m bo an ton cho qu

trnh khoan.
6.4. Kim ton my bm

6.4.1. Kim ton cng sut my bm
Qu trnh bm dng nc ra tun hon trong l khoan v vi dn trn mt b
tn tht p sut. Do vy, my bm phi cng sut m bo qu trnh khoan
bnh thng.
Cc tn tht p sut khi tun hon:
H = K.(h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 + h5 + h6 + h7) (6.28)
Trong :
- K = 1,3 1,5 h s an ton
- h1: Tn tht thy lc khi nc ra di chuyn trong ct cn khoan.
- h2: Tn tht thy lc ti khong khng vnh xuyn.
- h3 : Tn tht do chnh lch trng lng ring dung dch trong v ngoi cn.
- h4: Tn tht thy lc qua u ni.
- h5 : Tn tht khi quay b dng c.
- h6: Tn tht trn mt t.
- h7: Tn tht khi chn b mu.
* Tn tht thy lc trong cn h1:
78
L v2
h 1 = l. 1. 1 .104 (Pa) (6.29)
d 2g
Trong :
-h s thy cn thy lc (0,02 0,05). Chn = 0,05
1 -l trng lng ring ca dung dch. Chn 1 = 1,1 g/cm3
L -chiu su ging khoan. L = 620m
d -ng knh trong ca cn. d = 60,3 mm
g -gia tc trng trng. g = 9.81 m/s2
v1 -vn tc ca nc ra m/s
4Q
v1 =
.d 2
Vi: lu lng Q = 45 80 (l/ph). Ta ly Q = 80 (l/ph) = 1,33.10-3 m3/s.
d: ng knh trong ca cn. d = 6,03.10-3 m.
4Q 4.1,33.10 3
v1 = = = 0,28 m/s
.d 2 3,14.6,03 2
Suy ra:
620.0,28 2
h 1 = 0,05. 1,1. 0,0603.2.9,81 .10 4 = 1,03. 10 4 (Pa) = 0,22 at
* Tn tht thy lc ti khong khng vnh xuyn h 2
L.v 2
h 2 = .2.. .104 (Pa) (6.30)
Dk D 2 g
2 t trng nc ra c cha mn. Chn 2 = 1,3 g/ cm 3
h s k n tng tn tht thy lc do c ct trong nc ra
(1,05 1,1)
Dk ng knh l khoan. Dk = 75,8 mm
D ng knh ngoi cn. D = 69,9 mm
v2 vn tc nc ra i ln
4Q 4.1,33.10 3
v2 = = = 1,18 (m/s)
( D K2 D 2 ) 3,141,1.0,0758 2 0,0699 2
L.v 2
h 2 = .2.. .104
Dk D 2 g
620.1,18 2 4
h2 = 0,05.1,3.1,1
1,1.0,07582 0,0699 2 .10 = 43,03 Pa
h2 = 43,03 Pa = 4,303 (at)
* Tn tht do chnh lch trng lng ring dung dch trong v ngoi cn h 3
2 1
h 3 = L. .10 4 (Pa) (6.31)
1
1,3 1,1 4
= 620. .10 = 112,7 . 10 4 (Pa) = 11,27 (at)
1,1
* Tn tht thy lc qua u ni
Do khng sa dng u ni nn c th coi h 4 = 0
* Tn tht khi quay b dng c h 5
79
Vn tc v dng chy trong b khoan c b thay i nhiu ln, do vy cng gy

tn tht p lc. Gi tr ny c xc nh theo thc nghim (8 15. 10 4 Pa)
Chn h 5 = 10. 10 4 Pa = 1,0 (at)
* Tn tht trn mt t h 6
Tn tht ti tuyo, xa nhch, Thng da vo s liu thc nghim
(15 30. 10 4 Pa) Chn h 6 = 20. 10 4 Pa = 2 (at)
* Tn tht khi chn b mu h 7
Theo kinh nghim h 7 < 100. 10 4 Pa
Chn h 7 = 60. 10 4 Pa = 6 (at)
Vy tn tht thy lc l :
H = 1,3.(0,22 + 4,303 + 11.27 + 0 + 1 + 2 + 6) = 32,23 (at)
Ta c H = 32,23 at < H m = 70at My bm t yu cu.
6.4.2. Kim ton lu lng
Do lu lng khoan cao nht l 80 l/ph trong khi Q m ca my bm BW
250/60 l 250 l/ph nn my bm p ng v yu cu v lu lng
6.4.3. Kim ton cng sut
P.Q. 2
Cng sut cn thit cho my bm: N = (kW) (6.32)
1000.h
Trong : Q l lu lng my bm.
l hiu xut my bm. (=0,8)
P l p lc my bm.
P = H = 32,23at
2: t trng nc ra. Dung dch st 2 = 1,3
32,23.80.1,3 2
N= =5,45kW < N m = 15 kW
1000.0,8
My bm p yu cu v cng sut.
CHNG VII
MT S BIN PHP PHNG NGA, CU CHA S C V NNG
CAO CHT LNG
L KHOAN THM D LKKH.06
80
7.1. S c
7.1.1. Khi nim
S c trong khoan l tnh trng ca l khoan khi cc dng c nm trong l khoan
khng th a ln c bng cc dng c sn c v dn ti vic ngng cng tc
khoan.
7.1.2. Nguyn nhn gy ra s c
- Khng khoan vi cc thng s ch khoan ph hp.
- Khi nng th iu khin ti khoan vi tc qu ln gy ln cc va chm v to ra
lc qun tnh qu ln gy ra s c.
- Khng bt kn ming l khoan khi ko b dng c ln khi l khoan, dn n
cc dng c ri vo l khoan.
- Khi ngng khoan khng nng ct cn khoan n v tr an ton dn n kt mn
khoan.
- Khng bm ra sch ging trc khi ngng tun hon dung dch khoan,do mn
khoan trong l khoan nhiu lng ng dn n s c.
- Khng thng xuyn vt mn khoan ng mn khoan, h lng mn khoan v
mng lng mn khoan.
- Khng kim tra li cc u ni ren v vn cht chng trc khi th b dng c
khoan vo l khoan dn ti hin tng t tho ren lm ri mt phn dng c khoan
vo l khoan.
- Khng kim tra cc thng s ch khoan, thng s dung dch mt cch hp l.
- Do trnh ngi thi cng cn hn ch.
- Do iu kin a cht phc tp.
7.1.3. Nhng bin php phng nga s c
- cao tinh thn trch nhim, chp hnh nghim chnh k lut lao ng, khng
ngng hc tp nng cao l thuyt v tay ngh.
- Nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy nh v bo dng v s dng dng c, thit b.
- Nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy trnh cng ngh khi khoan.
- Nghim chnh chp hnh khi nng th v tin hnh cc cng tc ph tr.
- p dng cc bin php phng nga s c.
- Thng xuyn kim tra mn, cong ca dng c khoan, ng chng,
- Trang b cho my khoan cc ng h o, dng c kim tra trong qu trnh khoan.
7.2. Cong xin
7.2.1. Hu qu ca cong xin l khoan
L khoan cong, xin gy ra nhng hu qu sau:
- Tng di thn l khoan lm thi cng lu hn, tn km v mt kinh t.
- Tng ma st gia b dng c khoan vi thnh l khoan lm cho b dng c
lm vic nng nhc hn v tn km nng lng quay b dng c khoan hn. Gy
mn b dng c, i khi qu ti lm gy ct cn khoan.
- Chng ng v nh ct ng chng kh khn hn: Do ct ng chng kh cng
vng v khong cch gia ct ng chng v thnh l khoan qu nh. Nu l khoan
81
cong vi cng ln c th lm ct ng chng khng th xung c hoc phi

tn nhiu cng sc a ct ng chng xung cng nh lc nh ct ng chng
ln.
- Cho ti liu a cht c bit l chiu dy va than khng chnh xc, dn n
tnh tr lng va v m b sai lch so vi thc t.
7.2.2. Nguyn nhn gy cong xin l khoan
C rt nhiu nguyn nhn gy cong xin l khoan. Sau y l mt s nguyn
nhn c bn:
- Do cng tc lp t my khoan: Khi nn my khoan khng bng phng s gy
cong xin ngay t ban u.
- Do loi dng c ph hy t : Nhng dng c ph hy t gy ph rng
thnh l khoan hn to iu kin cho l khoan cong xin hn. Do khoan bng
chong 3 chp xoay d cong xin hn li khoan hp kim v t gy cong xin nht
l li khoan kim cng nht l li khoan kim cng thm nhim.
- Do ct cn khoan: Ct cn khoan quay n nh s t gy cong xin hn.Theo
nghin cu, su ln cc l khoan c xu hng cong xin mnh hn. lm ct
cn khoan n nh hn c th dng nh tm (hoc cn nng khoan ph mu).
- Khi chuyn cp ng knh cng d gy cong.
- Do ch khoan:
Vi mi loi t , trnh cong xin cn mt ch hp l. Mt ch
khoan c th cho tc c hc khoan cao cng c th gy cong xin mnh (vt
mc cho php) th vn cha c gi l hp l. Chng hn: Khi khoan qua t
rn mm xen kp; gianh gii chuyn tip gia cc lp t cn gim p lc y v
tng tc vng quay.
Khoan vi p lc y ln, tc quay ln lm ct cn khoan lm vic n nh
hn v gy cong xin l khoan.
- Do iu kin a cht: t qu cng, t rn mm xen kp, t khng
ng nht, lp t c dc lnu l nhng nguyn nhn ln gy cong xin
l khoan.
7.2.3. Mt s bin php chng cong xin cho l khoan LKKH.06
7.2.3.1. Bin php phng nga
- Lp t my khoan v khoan m l chng ng theo thit k.
- B dng c khoan phi t cng vng v thng, c bit on ni gia ng
mu v cn khoan tht ng tm (khi khoan bng cng ngh khoan truyn thng),
s dng ch khoan ph hp vi c tnh c l ca t khoan qua. Khi khoan
qua tng kp, gc dc ln cn s dng b nh tm v gim p lc y xung 1,3
ln, tng tc vng quay.
82
- Khoan qua tng mm b phi s dng dung dch tt, tin khoan nhanh, lu
lng hn ch chng m rng thnh l khoan.
- Khi khoan chuyn ng knh nht thit c b nh tm (b ng nh tm c 2
cp ng knh), khoan khong 12 m vi P gim 1,5 ln so vi thit k, quay vi
tc s 1 sau mi chuyn sang ch khoan bnh thng.
- Khi khoan doa rng l khoan phi lp b dn hng v khoan vi p lc gim
1,5 ln so vi gi tr bnh thng, tc quay gim.
7.2.3.2. Bin php nn thng l khoan.
Khi pht hin ra l khoan b cong cn nn thng. Nu on b cong cn nng
thng nm trong tng t nt n, mm, phn lp mnh th xi mng on ny,
ch xi mng ng gim cng th tin hnh khoan li bng b dng c cng vng
c nh tm, khoan vi p lc gim 1,5 ln so vi khi khoan bnh thng.
7.3. Nng cao t l mu
7.3.1. Mt s nguyn nhn c th lm gim t l mu khi thi cng l khoan
LKKH.06
C rt nhiu nguyn nhn lm gim t l mu, nhng ch yu l nhng nguyn
nhn sau:
- B ng mu rung ng mnh: Ph thuc vo loi ng mu; p lc y P; tc
vng quay n; s n nh ca ct cn khoan; my khoan khng vng chc
- Lu lng dng nc ra ln.
- Tnh cht nc ra.
- ng mu b h hng.
- Hip khoan di, mu b chn p.
- Loi li khoan, li khoan cn.
- Ko mu lm ri mu.
7.3.2. Bin php nng cao t l mu
nng cao t l mu, ta cn khc phc nhng nguyn nhn gy gim t l
mu trn. C nhiu bin php nng cao t l mu, em xin trnh by mt s bin
php c bn sau:
a)Gim s rung ng ca b ng mu
*S dng ng mu hp l:
Rung ng ng mu l nguyn nhn lm mu v vn, nn t l mu thp. ng
thi dng nc ra tip xc vi mu lm thay i tnh cht ca mu thm ch ra
tri mu. khc phc iu ny, ngi ta cn s dng cc loi ng mu nng i.
ng mu lun l trng hp c bit ca ng mu nng i. Khi lm vic ng trong
ng yn, ng thi ngn khng cho dng nc ra tip xc vi mu nn gim
c rung ng v s nh hng ca dng nc ra ti mu. Nn khi dng b dng
c ny cho t l mu rt cao. Khi khoan qua than, t mm b rit l mu t
trn 90%, khoan trong t cng n nh t l mu c th t ti 98%.
83
*Gim p,n:
Khi khoan qua cc tng t b ri, cc tng sn phmth t l mu thp.
Nhng yu cu mu i vi cc tng ny li cao. ng mu gp mt phn qua
trng lm nng cao t l mu. Nhng c c t l mu cao nht cng cn phi
c mt ch khoan hp l.
Khi gim P v n ct cn khoan quay n nh hn, s ph hy t cng chm
(vi khoan kim cng), hn ch s ph rng thnh l khoan. Nn mu t b nh
hng do rung ng, v t l mu cao hn.
*n nh ca ct cn khoan:
Khi ct cn khoan lm vic khng n nh lm b ng mu rung ng, thnh l
khoan b ph rng hn, li khoan dao ng nhiu. Nn y l nguyn nhn quan
trng lm gim t l mu. n nh ct cn khoan phi:
+ Gim ti trng y P v tc vng quay n.
+ S dng nh tm.
b)Gim lu lng dng nc ra.
Tuy ng mu lun khng cho nc ra tip xc vi mu. Nhng khi i ra khi
li khoan, nc ra vn tip xc vi t xung quanh v c th s ngm vo t
pha di (t mm b ri). Vi lu lng dng nc ra ln, tc chy v
ri cng ln, nn lm tng kh nng ngm nc ra vo t xung quanh v
pha di, thm ch c th ra tri t , ph v thnh l khoan. Do vy cn gim
Q.
c)Thay i cht nc ra
C mt s loi t chu nh hng ln vi nc ra nh t cha st, t
cha muiS tip xc cng lu cng lm thay i tnh cht mu v thm ch
lm qu trnh khoan kh hn. iu lm gim t l mu. khc phc hin tng
phc tp ny cn s dng nhng dung dch c tnh cht ph hp nh: thi nc
thp, c tnh c ch cao
d)Chnh sa v bo dng ng mu
Khi ng mu b cong vnh, ng trong quay theo ng ngoiu lm gim t l
mu. khc phc hin tng ny cn nn thng li b ng mu: lau chi, bi
trncn chnh hp l.
e)Khoan vi hip khoan ngn.
Hip khoan di, mu nm trong ng mu lu hn, iu ny lm tng thi gian
mu b ph v do: rung ng, dng nc ra. Nn t l mu gim. Nn tng t l
mu cn khoan vi hip khoan ngn, thng ch 11,5(m/hip) thm ch
0,60,8(m/hip).
f)S dng li khoan hp l v li khoan khng qu mn.
84
Trong cng ngh khoan ng mu lun, khng s dng chong 3 chp xoay (loi
ly mu) v li khoan hp kim. M ch dng li khoan kim cng 1 lp v li
khoan kim cng thm nhim. Mc d li khoan kim cng 1 lp gy rung ng
nhiu hn nhng s khc bit l khng ln. Nn yu t ny khng gp phn nhiu
vo vic nng cao t l mu. Trong c loi li khoan 1 bc v nhiu bc. Li
khoan nhiu bc lm vic n nh hn nn gp phn tng t l mu.
Khi li khoan mn: Tc ph hy t thp, do b ng mu cng rung
ng hn v t nm trong ng mu lu hn. Nn mu b nh hng nhiu. Nn
khi yu cu t l mu cao cn s dng li khoan cn tt.
g)Ko mu lm ri mu.
Vic ri mu thng do 2 nguyn nhn sau:
+ Mu mm, b ri thm ch b dp nt. Khi vng chn mu khng pht huy
c tc dng v mu b ri.
+Tc ko mu nhanh v khng n nh. Thay i t ngt tc sinh ra lc
qun tnh gy ri mu.
Cho nn trc khi nhc b dng c d chn mu, ta tng p lc y mu b
y chc vo ng mu, lm tng kh nng gi mu ca vng chn mu.
Khi ko mu cn ko t t v u.
85
CHNG VIII
AN TON LAO NG V BO V MI TRNG
8.1. An ton lao ng
An ton lao ng trong khoan thm d l rt quan trng, khng ch m bo an
ton cho ngi lao ng m cn cho my mc trang thit b. Lm tt cng tc an
ton lao ng s gip ta m bo tin thi cng, gim thit hi v ngi v ca.
Tt c cc cn b cng nhn vin tham gia thc hin thi cng u phi c
hun luyn an ton lao ng theo quy nh v tun th tuyt i cc quy phm an
ton sau:
Cc quy phm, quy trnh ca Nh nc lin quan n cng tc thi cng
cng trnh thm d a cht.
- Quy phm k thut khoan xoay thm d ca Tng cc a cht s: 390/CTC
ngy 29/11/1977.
- Quy phm k thut an ton trong cng tc thm d a cht theo quyt nh s
6/Q -TC ngy 16/4/1971 ca Tng cc a cht.
- Quy nh v h thng chng bo, chng st.
- Theo quy phm s 4586 - 88/TCVN v B lut Lao ng ca Tng Lin on
Lao ng Vit Nam (Tp hun nm 1993).
- Theo chng 3, Quy nh ca Chnh ph v PCCN nm 1994.
Nhng quy nh ca Cng ty, X nghip c lin quan n cng tc thi cng
cc cng trnh khoan thm d.
- Quy phm tiu chun ca cc loi ng khoan, nn khoan a cht theo quy
phm an ton k thut thi cng khoan s: 390/C -TC ca Tng cc a cht s:
10/C ngy 4/10/1995 ca Cng ty a Cht & KTKS.
- Quy nh v lp rp thit b nng h thp da theo quy phm an ton lao ng
trong cng tc xy lp thp khoan ca tng cc a Cht s: 6/Q -TC ngy
16/4/1971.
- Tp ti liu tng hp ca quy trnh khoan thm d.
.1.1. An ton lao ng cho ngi
a, Nguyn nhn gy tai nn:
- Khoan trng cht hp, khng gn gng do vy qu trnh lm vic b g b,
khng thoi mi d gy va chm vi cc b phn ca my.
- Do khng tun th quy nh v an ton: khng i m, i ng, eo gng
tay
- Do cc h thng chuyn ng nh trc cc ng, ai truyn khng c b phn
che chn.
- Thit b nng th b h hng, khng c sa cha kp thi.
- Cng nhn lm vic trn cao khng eo dy an ton.
86
- Cng tc chun b khoan trng khng m bo, khng kim tra my mc

thit b dng c trc khi lm vic.
b, Quy tc an ton lao ng.
- Trc khi lm vic phi kim tra li ton b my mc, thit b, nu h hng
phi kp thi sa cha ngay
- Khi my khoan ang chy khng c lau chi cc b phn ca my.
- Ni lm vic phi gn gng sch s, nh sng khi lm vic c m bn
giao ca phi y chnh xc v tnh trng my mc trang thit b.
- Phi y trang b bo h c nhn khi lm vic .
- Tho lp ct thu li, cc b phn truyn ng phi c khung che chn cn
thn chc chn.
- Cm mi ngi khng c nhim v vo khu vc sn xut.
8.1.2. An ton cho my mc thit b
tng tui th ca my mc thit b phi thng xuyn chm sc bo dng
theo ng quy trnh k thut.
a, Cc nguyn nhn gy mt an ton cho my mc thit b bao gm
- Khng kim tra my mc thit b khi lm vic.
- Ngi s dng cn non tay ngh, lm vic thiu trch nhim, khng tun theo
quy phm an ton.
- My mc khng c cc b phn che chn, cc ng h theo di b hng
- Cng tc chun b khng chu o, thit b lm vic lu ngy khng c bo
dng.
b, Quy tc an ton my mc thit b
- Kim tra nh k, sau mi cng trnh, sau khi x l s c .
- Khi s dng thit b dng c phi kim tra an ton, chnh xc.
- Cng nhn phi nm vng c tnh k thut ca my mc thit b, phi s
dng thnh tho thit b dng c cn s dng.
8.1.3. An ton cho cng trnh
- Lm tt cng tc phng nga s c hn ch ti mc thp nht vic xy ra
s c .
- Ming ging phi c y kn khi ngng khoan (khng c b dng c y
ging khoan).
- Phi nng th nhp nhng trnh git cc .
- T chc v kim tra an ton: tt c mi ngi phi c hc qua cc lp an
ton cho x nghip t chc. Phi thng xuyn kim tra an ton lao ng trong qu
trnh sn xut v c ch ti x l nhng vi phm v an ton.
8.1.4. Nhng bin php m bo an ton ca x nghip
+ Trc khi vo thi cng ging khoan t trng khoan cn:
87
- Trc tip nhn v tr, nn khoan m bo cc iu kin an ton khoan trng,

dc, cua ca ng, nn khoan my n nh khng nm trong vng st ln,
t mn mi c a my vo lp t thi cng .
- Nghim cm cng nhn ngi trn thng xe khi vn chuyn vt t, thit b v
hng ho.
- T chc xy lp, cn t my m bo yu cu k thut thng tm nhm hn
ch cc nguyn nhn gy cong xin ging khoan t u .
- Ma ma phn t my cch chn t huy ln hn 2m, t ch ng khi to
cc rang nc hn ch cc dng chy ph hng nn khoan v gy ln ly li.
+ T ch ng lm nh c mi che, tm chn m bo che ma, gi. Ni ngh
ngi phi gn gng sch s.
+ Dng c khoan phi c sp xp ngn np .
+ Trc khi khoan m l, thit b my n, my khoan, my bm, ti, cc khp
ni, cua roa phi kim tra k cng m bo an ton mi cho vn
+ Ca 1: hng ngy cc kp kim tra xit cht, u tun cho bo dng b sung
du, nc.
+ Qu trnh sn xut phi thc hin nghim chnh cc quy nh ca quy phm
khoan thm d v theo cc thng s k thut c thit k.
+ Cc ging khoan su trn 100m b dng c phi c lp gia mc an ton.
Dung dch khoan phi thng xuyn c kim tra iu chnh, phc hi hp vi
a tng.
+ Khi dng sa cha thit b, b dng c phi ko ln khi y ging khoan.
Ming ging khoan phi c y kn ngn nga dng c ri xung ging
khoan.
+ Khi lm vic trn sn thp cao phi s dng dy an ton ng vi quy nh,
khng s dng tu tin hoc hnh thc chiu lch.
+ Khi my ang hot ng, cng nhn trong kp phi thng xuyn sn sng
ni lm vic, khng c nm ng, ung ru ni lm vic.
+ Khi chy cn ra ngoi phi p levat xung trnh ri cn .
+ Mi cng nhn lm vic trong kp phi mang y thit b bo h lao ng,
dy, qun o, m c cp pht.
8.2. Bo v mi trng
Bo v mi trng l cng tc bt buc, ng theo quy nh ca php lut. Bo
v mi trng khng nhng l bo v li ch ca quc gia, a phng m cn bo
v trc tip sc khe ca cng nhn khoan. Nu khng lm tt cng tc bo v mi
trng s c th s gy mt ha kh gia cng nhn khoan v ngi dn a
phng. bo v mi trng cn:
88
- Tuyt i khng cht ph rng lm nh mu, tri ln, kho vt t v cc

cng trnh khc.
- Khng c x cc loi dung dch xung cc khe sui, xung thm thc vt
lm nhim ngun nc v lm hng thm thc vt.
- Khi kt thc cng trnh khoan phi san lp mt bng, lp l khoan.
CHNG IX
T CHC THI CNG L KHOAN V D TON KINH T
9.1. T chc thi cng l khoan LKKH.06
9.1.1. T chc khoan trng
B tr khoan trng v mt bng lp t thit b c trnh by theo hnh s
b tr khoan trng l khoan LKKH.06 trang bn.
Ton b khu vc thi cng c b tr trn mt bng vi din tch khong
1500m2 nh hnh v bn. Kch thc mi cng trnh nh hnh v.
Khoan trng phi m bo: Thong, rng, m bo nh sng thun tin cho
qu trnh khoan. Ngoi ra, khoan trng cn b tr sao cho t vo tip nc, nhin
liu, stc thun tin. Nn nh cha vt liu v tr gn ng, thng trn
dung dch gn ni st, nh mu gn ng, quay lng ra ng v hng vo
thp khoan tin theo di qu trnh khoan.
9.1.2. T chc cung cp vt t
* Vt t c cung cp lm 2 giai on:
Giai on 1: Cung cp vt t ban u. l trc khi khoan vt t c cung
cp y nhng g cn thit nht thc hin qu trnh khoan nh: thit b khoan,
dng c khoan, nhin liu (lng va ).
89
Giai on 2: Cung cp b sung cung cp trung qu trnh thi cng l khoan.

l cung cp thm li khoan, cn khoan, ng chng, nhin liu theo thit k v nhu
cu ca l khoan
* Ni cung cp vt t: Phng vt t.
* T trng l ngi chu trch nhim nhn vt t. Ngi t trng cn xem xt,
suy on tnh hnh c th ca l khoan c k hoch nhn vt t trc khi cn
thit. Nh vy, s thun li cho qu trnh thi cng v trnh tnh trng gin on qu
trnh thi cng v thiu nhin vt liu.
90
Hnh 9.1. S b tr khoan trng l khoan LKKH.06

9.1.3. T chc thi cng ng, nn
y l cng tc c thit k v thc hin trc khi vn chuyn v lp t ton
b thit b khoan.
ng vo khu vc thi cng phi rng, chc xe vn chuyn thit b
vo.
Nn khoan c san bng, gia c nhng phn trng ly, phn nn yu m
bo cho thun tin cho thi cng, kch thc ca nn khoan l 15x10m, xung quanh
91
c o rnh thot nc. o h dung dch, h cha nc kch thc 4x2,5x1,5m h

thng mng lng v chun b ni tp kt thit b, dng c, vt t, nguyn nhin liu,
Cng vic ny do 1 t thi cng trong cng ty m nhim. Nn khoan c

chun b sn ngay sau khi kt thc l khoan trc, t khoan c th thi cng ngay
c l khoan mi. Lm nh vy s nng cao c tin lm vic ca cng ty.
9.1.4. T chc vn chuyn, xy lp thit b v ln tri
y l cng tc c thc hin trc khi khi cng l khoan. Cng vic ny do
t khoan thc hin (c th c s gip ca i lm ng, lm nn).
Qu trnh bc d phi m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. Nht l phi bc
d nh nhng cn khoan, ng chng trnh cong cn khoan, mo ng chng, hng
ren,
V tr xy lp thit b nh thit k. Qu trnh xy lp cn ch cc vn sau:
- Trc thp phi trng vi trc l khoan.
- Sau khi lp thp xong cn kim tra v sit cht li cc c trn thp.
- Khi ghm thp mi ngi cn ng khong cch an ton (cch xa 2 ln
chiu cao thp).
- Xy dng nh giao ca v nh mu.
- o h thng lm sch dung dch: mng lng, h lng, b cha.
- o mt b cha nc.
- Xy dng mng thp, xy lp thp khoan.
- Xy dng mng b tng v lp t my khoan: my khoan phi m bo lp
t chc chn, s n nh ca my nh hng trc tip n qu trnh khoan.
- Lp t my pht in.
- Lp t my bm v my trn dung dch.
Qu trnh xy lp thit b cn phi cn chnh my khoan v thp khoan c v tr
chnh xc, ng thi cn phi o h dung dch v xy mng lng dung dch, nn c
thi gian lu hn cng tc tho d. Thi gian thi cng khong 3 ngy.
9.1.5. Cng tc khoan
Sau khi hon chnh cc cng tc trn bt u vi cng tc khoan. Khoan ng
nh cu trc v ch khoan nh thit k.
9.1.6. T chc tho d thit b khoan v lp l khoan

Khi kt thc l khoan tin hnh cc cng tc sau :
+ Bm ra sch l khoan.
+ Cng tc quan trc thy vn.
+ o a vt l (karta).
+ Cng tc lp ging khoan, nh du l khoan v thu dn khoan trng.
92
Sau khi bm ra v o a vt l l khoan, thit b khoan c tho d chuyn

sang thi cng cng trnh khc. L khoan phi c trm lp bng gel xi mng v
xy mc.
Thi gian thi cng: 3 ngy.
9.1.7. T chc nhn lc
9.1.7.1. C cu t chc ca n v thi cng l khoan LKKH.06
Ban gim c
Phng k thut SX-AT Phng TCLD-TL
Phng k hoch-Thng Phng ti v-k ton

k
Phng hnh chnh-qun tr

Phng k thut a cht
i khoan Kho vt t
i xe Phn xng c kh
Chc nng ca mi b phn:

- Phng cng ngh - k thut: Chu trch nhim lp phng n thi cng, theo di
iNghin
ch o sn xut. a vtcu
l trang thit b trn gin, dng
Phng
c, vt
ngt thit trong
chng, b qu
trnh thi cng v nh gi cht lng cng nh hiu qu ca chng.
- Phng t chc: Chu trch nhim qun l,phn cng nhn lc ca n v.
- Phng a cht: Nghin cu a cht khu vc, a cht vng, thnh lp bn
a cht, lp phng n thm d, khai thc, t v tr ging khoan.
- Phng c kh: Nghin cu ch to cc hot ng ca n vi hch ton hiu
qu kinh t ca d n. Phng cn chu trch nhim cp pht tin lng, thng, cc
khon ph cp khc ca cng nhn vin.
93
- i khoan: Chu trch nhim khoan theo k hoch ra.

- Kho vt t: Chu trch nhim qun l, d tr, cung cp thit b vt t, nguyn
nhin vt liu theo yu cu sn xut.
- Phn xng c kh: Chu trch nhim gia cng sa cha cc thit b, dng c
khoan.
- i a vt l: Chu trch nhim xc nh c tnh ca t khoan qua, cc
trng thi k thut ca ging khoan.
9.1.7.2. T chc ca lm vic
L khoan LKKH.06 c chiu su thit k 620m, thi cng bng cng ngh khoan
ng mu lun gim bt s nng nhc ca ngnh khoan.
Do em t chc sn xut nh sau:
i vi t khoan nhn lc nh sau: 3 ca, mi ca 4 ngi
3 ca x 4 ngi + 1 t trng = 13 ngi/t
Kp trng
Th c
Th ph Th ph
B tr mt t my khoan vi bin ch 13 ngi. Mt ngy 3 ca lm vic lin tc, 1

ca thay nhau ngh.
S i ca:
Ca 1
Ca2 Ca 3
Trong : Ca 1: 6h 14h
Ca 2: 14h 22h
Ca 3: 22h 6h
Phng php i ca: Sau 3 ngy cc kp trng i ca 1 ln, cc kp cn li lm
ca nh ban u. (9 ngy/1 vng ca)
u im ca phng php:
94
- Gim c cng lm vic ca cng nhn so vi ca lm 12 ting.

- Cc thnh vin c th thay nhau ngh php, ngh m m khng nh hng n
nng sut khoan.
9.2. D ton kinh t
9.2.1. D kin thi gian thi cng cho l khoan LKKH.06
- Thi gian xy lp thit b khoan: 3 ngy.
- Thi gian khoan: Nng sut khoan trung bnh 300m/thng. Nh vy thi gian
khoan l khoan LKKH.06 l 62
- Thi gian kt thc l khoan v tho d thit b: 3 ngy.
Da trn s liu nhng l khoan c khoan ti Ni Bo em d kin thi
gian thi cng cho l khoan LKKH.06 nh sau:
Bng 9.1. Bng thi gian thi cng
Stt Cng vic Thi gian Tng cng
(ngy) (ngy)
1 Lp rp thit b khoan 3 3
2 Khoan ti chiu su 25m 2 5
3 Chng ng v trm v ch xi mng ng 2 7
6 Pht sinh khc: 5 67
6 Kt thc l khoan v tho d thit b 3 70
9.2.2. Bng d ton kinh t
Cn c vo Q 2176/Q-BTMT ngy 08 thng 11 nm 2013,mc lng ti
thiu 1 150 000 /thng. L khoan LKKH.06 c gi tr d ton trc thu nh bng
sau: Bng s 9.1
p dng cho thc t l khoan khoan thng ng,c chiu su n 700 m vi cc h
s p dng:
T 0-25m : l tng ph phong ha c cng cp I-III v xen ln thi l cc
tng ct,bt kt v 5m ct kt c cng n cp 9-10 y em ly bnh qun l
cp V
*Gi thnh 1 m khoan :1 967 447
S dng dung dch c t trng>1,15 c h/s= 1,09
Khoan ph mu c h/s: 0,88
/k l khoan t 113mm-132mm c h/s:1,06
Gi thnh 1m khoan trong on ny :1m = 1967447 1,09 0,88 1,06 = 2 000 403
95
T 25- 620m : y em ly h s khoan xoay ly mu vi /knh t 75,8-96mm l

1
* tng ct kt,sn kt c chiu dy 142 m cng trung bnh cp 9-10 y em ly
n gi bnh qun cp 9
Gi thnh 1 m khoan:3 899 535
S dng dung dch c t trng:1,05-1,15 c h/s= 1,05
Gi thnh 1m khoan trong on ny :1m = 3 899 535 1,05= 4 094 511
*Tng bt kt c chiu dy 422m c cng trung bnh t cp 5-8 y em ly
bnh qun l cp 7
Gi thnh 1 m khoan:3 078 604
S dng dung dch c t trng:1,05-1,15 c h/s= 1,05
Gi thnh 1m khoan trong on ny :1m= 3 078 604 1,05 =3 232 534
*Tng than v st kt,st than c chiu dy 36m c cng trung bnh t cp 1-6
y em tnh bnh qun l cp 4 phi khoan hip ngn v ly mu kh nn em tnh h
s
Gi thnh 1 m khoan: 1 625 889
S dng dung dch c t trng>1,15 c h/s= 1,09
H s kh khn (ly mu kh,khoan hip ngn) h/s:1,15
Gi thnh 1m khoan trong on ny :1m=1 625 889 1,09 1,15= 2 038 051
n gi bnh qun cho c l khoan: Gbq=
( 2000403 25) ( 4094511 142) (3232534 422) ( 2038051 36)
3337000
620
n gi bnh qun 1m = 3 337 000 ng (n gi ny c tin lng+ vt t
,khu hao v h s khu vc)
n v n gi H s quy i S lng Gi tr d ton
2 130 940 000

mt 3337000 620 2 068 940 000
mt 100000 620 62 000 000
125 725 460
VN 1,6% I 34 095 040

96
VN 0,9% I 19 178 460
VN 3,4% I 72 451 960
199 820 500
VN 5% I 106 547 000

Bng 9.2. Bng d ton kinh t cho l khoan LKKH.06.
VN 1,5% I 31 964 100
VN 5,5% I 117 201 700
VN 40.000.000 1 40 000 000
VN 2 456 485 960

STT Hng mc thi cng
I Chi ph thi cng

Cng tc khoan ( c lng CN)
o a vt l Karota l khoan
II Lp phng n
Lp phng n k thut
97
Lp phng n thi cng
Lp bo co tng kt
III Cc chi ph khc
Chi ph vn chuyn v ln tri
Chi ph thm nh, nghim thu
Thu thp chu thu tnh trc
Lm nn khoan
Gi tr d ton trc thu (I + II + III)

98
* Tng gi tr trc thu l: 2 456 485 960VN

*Chi ph ng thu VAT l:
2 456 485 960 10% = 245 648 596 VN
*Gi tr d ton sau thu l:
2 456 485 960+ 245 648 596 = 2 702 134 556 VN
Ly trn s: 2.702.135.000 VN.
Nh vy: Gi tr cng trnh khoan LKKH.06 l : 2.702.135.000 VN.
(Vit bng ch: Hai t by trm l hai triu, mt trm ba mi nm ngn ng
chn)
KT LUN
n tt nghip c thit k ph hp vi iu kin trang thit b hin c ca
Cng ty, c ni dung dnh ring cho l khoan LKKH.06.
Sau thi gian thc tp v thit k n, em cng c c nhiu kin thc.Thit
k n gip em tng hp v x l cc kin thc mt cch hiu qu hn. n l
tng hp kin thc ca 5 nm i hc, gip em c th nm vng kin thc v l
thuyt cng nh thc t thi cng , n gip ch cho em rt nhiu cho cng vic thi
cng sau ny
99
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n on a cht 116-Lin on a cht

ng Bc cm n cc thy, c gio trong b mn Khoan Khoan khai thc, khoa
Du kh, c bit l thy gio TS. Nguyn Trn Tun ngi tn tnh ch bo
v to iu kin tt cho em hon thnh n ny.
H Ni, thng 6 nm 2016
Sinh vin
Hong Trng Anh
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Trng Bin, V nh Hin, Cn Vn Ng, Trn Vn Bn (1998), Cng ngh
khoan thm d ly mu, Nxb Giao thng vn ti, H Ni.
[2]. Cao Ngc Lm, Bi Thanh Bnh (2010), Gio trnh khoan thm d, Trng i
hc M a cht.
[3]. PGS. TS. Trn nh Kin (2002), Bi ging dung dch khoan v va trm,
Trng i hc M a cht.
[4]. V nh Hin, TS. Phm Quang Hiu (2002), Bi ging c s khoan,Trng
i hc M a cht.
[5]. TS. Nguyn Vn Gip (2002), Bi ging thit b khoan thm d, Trng i hc
M a cht.
[6]. PGS.TS. Hong Dung (2001), Bi ging nguyn l ph hy, Trng i hc M
a cht.
100
[7]. Ths. H Quc Hoa (2002), Bi ging an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng,

Trng i hc M a cht.

Hoang Trong Anh

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Mc l c

DANH MC CC HNH V TRONG N

DANH MC CC BNG BIU TRONG N

Lm nghip ng vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t ca vng. Khu thm

Tm li: Nhn chung iu kin kinh t x hi, c s h tng y thun li

- 15m sn kt c cng cp VIII-X.

Bt kt chim t l ln trong phng n khoan ny.C 8 lp bt kt vi tng

khoan v thnh l khoan ch 2 -3mm). Hin tng kt mt cn l nguyn nhn

Xt v li ch kinh t, ng knh l khoan cng nh cng tt. Khoan kim

phc tp cn cn phi c mt cp ng knh d phng phng trng hp

Ty tng trng hp c th la chn c phng n ph hp mang li hiu

Thng s Chiu dy l khoan ng chng B khoan c

Cu trc l khoan l khoan LKKH.06(Bn v 01)

(B sung cu trc l khoan)

Momen xon ln nht kNm 3,2

Hnh 3.1. My khoan XY-42A

Bng 3.2. Thng s k thut ca my bm BW-250

K2: L h s ph thuc c cu nng, K2=1,2-1,5.

3.1.3.3. H thng rng rc

Cho nn em la chn ti ko mu L5 - l loi ang c s dng ph bin hin

3.1.5. My tho lp cn khoan

1 M men xon ti a kGm 350

2 Tc quay ca thanh gt v/p 50

3 ng knh cn khoan s dng mm 42; 50; 63,5

4 Cng sut kw 2,8

5 Trng lng ca my kg 260

6 Kch thc: -Chiu di mm 885

-Chiu rng 495

-Chiu cao 700

Do vy cng sut ca my pht in phi ln hn 30kw. Da vo trang thit b

3.2. Dng c khoan

- Khong khoan : 320 620m./knh NQ:75.8 mm

Bng 3.8. Thng s k thut ca chong 1B-132K

Thng s Chiu S chp l thot Khi S lng

ngoi cao xoay nc ra lng (ci)

1B-132K 132 183 3 25 7 1

Hnh 3.3. Chong khoan 3 chp xoay

*Khong 25 320m: Khoan bng cng ngh khoan ng mu lun.

Thng s ngoi Chiu dy ng vnh Din tch S lng

(mm) (mm) (ci)

Thm nhim 95,6 16 63,5 96 40,1 3

Mt lp 95,6 16 63,5 96 40,1 7

Vi: Din tch mt y lm vic li khoan HQ l:

S dng 8 ci v d phng 1ci. Nn ly n = 9 (ci)

Mt lp 74,6 13,5 47,6 75,8 25,9 9

Vi: Din tch mt y lm vic li khoan l:

Hnh 3.4. Li khoan ng mu lun

b)La chn cn khoan cho tng khong khoan.

Thng s ng knh ng knh

1. Cn khoan. 2. ng mu. 3. Dng c ly mu

Thng s ng knh ngoi Chiu di danh ngha Trng lng

Zamoc c 65 200 2,8

2 /knh ng trong 55,6 50,0 13.59

Trong khoan thm d, trc khi lp b l khoan ngi ta nh thu hi li ct ng

Chiu di 3m 127 122,5 13,59

Hnh 3.7. Kho tho vn cn khoan

Hnh 3.9. B kp gi cn khoan

- Cu s c tt cn khoan do hin tng t tho ren. Khi u cn khoan hoc

Hnh 3.12. Dng c ly 2 du

Trong trng hp li khoan b t hay tt u ni. Nu v tr ca n th

Hnh 3.14. Doa nam chm

Mc c lp phn di ca cn khoan. Di tc dng quay ca cn khoan,

Bnh thng 1,05-1,15 1015 2535 2225 2 4 810