CHUYN O TO:

- Ni dung cc chuyn hng dn o to:

+ Cng dng ca TBD trn ng dy 500kV.

+ Cc bo v ca TBD.
+ Hot ng ca bo v ng dy v bo v TBD khi xy ra chm t 1 pha trn
ng dy.
+ c mch nh th iu khin my ct Bypass t.

Trnh by: Trnh Vn Hi

 Phn 1:
GII THIU CHUNG V T B DC TRONG H THNG IN

1.1 Cng dng ca t b dc:

1.Cng dng ca t b dc:
a. Lm gim tng tr ng dy nn n lm tng kh nng ti ca ng dy.
Cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy c dng:
P =( U1.U2 ).sin /X (b qua tn tht din tr DZ)
Trc khi b : P1 =( U1.U2 ).sin 1 /XL
Sau khi t thit b b : P2 =( U1.U2 ).sin 2 /(XL-XC )
Nhn vo hai biu thc trn ta thy P2 > P1 .Ta ni ng dy khi t TBD s lm
tng kh nng ti ca DZ.
b. Lm gim tn tht din p trn ng dy :
UB1: khi khng t t b dc
UB2: khi t t b dc .
Trc khi t t b dc tn tht in p : U = (PR+QX)/U
Sau khi t t b dc tn tht in p : U' = (PR+Q(X-Xc))/U
R rng tn tht n p sau khi t t b dc c gim xung.
Ta c th vector in p trc v sau khi b:

UA d

U'A jixc

O b N M
jixL
ir c
UB

Nhn trn th ta thy :

+lc cha b dc th U = bM
+lc b dc th U = bN
nu dung lng t dc ng dy thch hp ta c X =XL-XC =0 lc ny tn tht
do in tr ng dy quyt nh .
Trong h thng in ngi ta thng chn b KC=XC/XL.100% =60%
c. t TBD ni tip trn DZ s lm tng d tr n nh v lm tng n nh
ng h thng .
Ta xt s lm vic ca h thng n gin .
P

c
PT
a b
H s d tr n nh c nh ngha l t s :PT
Kdt= (Pgh- PT).100%/PT
Trong : - Pgh : l cng sut in t ln nht truyn trn ng dy ti din
+khi khng c TBD : Pgh=Pmax=U1.U2/X , ng vi = 90o.
+khi t TBD
a
/2 b: Pgh=Pmax=U1.U2/X-XC , ng vi = 90o.
PMin
T:L n
cng
nhsut c ca
lm vic ( cng
HTD sut tuabin ca my pht) vi gi thit rng
cng sut ny l khng i .
So snh v i chiu vi biu thc trn ta thy cng sut gii hn s tng khi t
TBD , cho nn h s n nh cng s tng khi ta t TBD trn h thng in.
d. Tng kh nng n nh ng trong h thng in:
n nh ng h thng th hin c tnh ca QTQ chuyn trng thi t im cn
bng ny sang im cn bng khc.
H thng n nh ng nu tho mn 2 iu kin :
+Tn ti im cn bng n nh sau s c ( ng vi CXL sau s c).
+Thng s bin thin trong QTQ hu hn v tt dn v thng s CXL mi .
*Ta xt QTQ khi ct t ngt ng dy c dng t b dc( st nh khng khi
phc li c) ang mang ti :
Xt s HT n gin sau:

D
F B1 B2 U

S tng ng :

X =XD-Xc
XD X' XB1 XB2

XD-Xc

+ ch xc lp trc khi DZ b ct :
X1= X+XB1+X/2+XB2
Phng trnh cng sut gc : P = E.Usin/X1.Ta c:
PIm= E1U/X1 0I= Arsin(PT/PIm)
Sau khi z b ct thng s cu trc v thng s ch u thay i
XII= X+XB1+X+XB2 >X1
PIIm= E1U/XII < PIm
Ring gc lch roto do qun tnh ti thi im u vn cha thay i .
Do ti t = 0 : PEII=PIImsin0I<PT ( c tnh cng sut nh hnh 1)
Nh vy ngay sau khi Z b ct , CS tuabin P T( pht ng) ln hn CS in
t(hm) PEII, roto MF tng tc quay nhanh hn lm tng gc lch
Khi = 0II th cng sut cn bng .
Sau thi im ny gc lch tip tc tng theo qun tnh .Vi > 0II lc ny
tng quan cng sut thay i PEII>PT , gia tc gc ( t l vi lch P =PT - PE ) c
tr s m do tc thay i gc lch d/dt gim dn.Gi thit khi = m th d/dt =
0 ngha l gc lch roto khng cn tng c na .Trong khi tng quan cng sut
PEII>PT vn cha thay i , gia tc m lm cho d/dt nhn gi tr m v gc lch bt
u gim .Gc lch bt u gim n 0II th tng quan cng sut cn bng.Lc ny
HT lm vic ch xc lp khc .
 P
P IE P IE

PIIE PIIE
PT
PT

0I 0II m

Hnh 1 Hnh 2

Gi s cng sut c PT l khng i .

+Ta xt trng hp khng c TBD : lc ny do tng tr h thng ln hn khi c
TBD nn ng c tnh thp hn khi c TBD( Hnh 2).
Gi s khi gc lch vt qu gh m o hm d/dt vn c du dng , do
tng quan cng sut PT> PEII gc lch tip tc tng QTQ khng n nh .
-Phn b li cng sut phn khng trong h thng dn n gim tn tht h
thng :
+ Gim tn tht cng sut trong h thng
Tn tht cng sut trn h thng trc khi b dc c dng :
S1 = (P2+Q2)R/U2 + (P2+Q2)X/U2
Tn tht cng sut sau khi b dc :
S2 = (P2+Q2)R/U2 + (P2+Q2)(X-Xc)/U2
ta thy S2< S1 nn cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy s t tn tht hn khi
khng c t b dc.
+Phn b li cng sut phn khng trn h thng :
Ta c cng sut phn khng ca TBD sinh ra l :
QC=I2.XC mt lng CSPK ph thuc vo dng in .V vy, h thng s t phn
b cng sut gia cc vng cho ph hp .
1.2: CC THNG S CHNH CA DN T

Thng s TBD 501 TBD 503, 504 n v

Dung khng dn t 21.5 30.5 W
Dng in nh mc 2000 2000 Arms
nh mc chu dng qu ti trong 30 pht 2700 2700 Arms
Cng sut phn khng nh mc 3 pha 258 366 MVAr
Mc bo v ca MOV 2.3 2.15 p.u
in p dy nh mc 500 500 kVrms
Mc cch in xung c bn ca sn so vi
1800 1550 kVpeak
t
1.3: S NGUYN L

S nguyn l
S nguyn l rt gn
1.4 CC B PHN CHNH CA T B DC
1.4.1. Sn t
1.4.2. T in
- Mi pha gm 2 Group (nhm)
- Mi group bao gm 2 Stacks (chng)
- Mi Stack gm 3 Racks (gi)
- Mi Rack gm 24 Units (bnh t)
1.4.3. in tr phi tuyn bng oxit kim loi MOV
- Chc nng: lp song song vi gin t hp th nng lng bo v qu p cho t -
khng vt qu 2,15 pu khi ng dy c s c.
- c lp chia lm 2 nhm song song, s dng nguyn l gim st dng khng cn
bng pht hin t hng.
- Nhm pha di c nhiu hn 1 MOV (spare online).
1.4.4. Khe h phng in - TAG
- Khe h phng in song song vi MOV.
- Bo v cho MOV khi vt qu ngng nng lng hoc ngng dng.
- in cc phng ( Gap electrode).
- in cc mi (Injector).
- T VAP (Varistor analog and pulser).
- T VAP C1 v C2.
- CT gim st dng MOV (CT10A B, CT11 AB) cp dng cho mch VAP tnh ton
ngng phng.
1.4.5. Mch cn du:
- L cun khng li khng kh.
 - Lp cch ly vi sn t.
- Hn ch bin dng khi ng MC.
- Gim dao ng ca dng x t.
1.4.6. My ct bypass t:
- Lp song song vi gin t, MOV, GAP.
- Bo v cho gin t.
-Bo v cho MOV.
- ng ct t.
1.4.7. T hp cc bin dng in (CMA)
- Gm cc CT lp chung trn 1 rack d dng th nghim, gim st.
- Cung cp dng cho cc bo v di t.
- Cp ngun cho thit b trn sn.
- Cp dng cho VAP kch thch khe h phng in
- Chc nng ca mi CT s trnh by phn nguyn l hot ng .
1.4.8.Giao din cp quang sn t (PFOI)
- Bin i cc tn hiu t cc bin dng in thnh tn hiu quang phc v cho vic
truyn thng gia sn t v mt t.
- c cp ngun qua CT9.
1.4.9. Cp quang t sn t xung t
- Truyn thng tin t sn t xung t.
- V ngoi bo v polimer tng cng lc, mc cch in 1800 kV.
1.4.10. iu khin v bo v di mt t
- Giao din cp quang mt t GFOI.
- B iu khin kh trnh PLC.
- Giao din ngi vi ngi dng.
 1.5 NGUYN L LM VIC
1.5.1. Cc thit b trn sn t:
- MOV c tnh ton dn khi in p trn t vt qu 2,15 pu;
- B VAP c nhim v mi cho khe h phng in khi t ngng nng lng
trong MOV hay dng in qua MOV;
- PFOI c nhim v chuyn tt c cc gi tr dng in trn CT rack thnh tn hiu
quang.

- Chc nng cc bin dng in: Cung cp tn hiu dng in cho 2 h thng bo
v c lp
 1.5.2 Cc thit b di t:
- GFOI nhn tn hiu quang t
PFOI, chuyn cho PLC gim st o
lng v bo v, chuyn sang tn hiu
analog dng cho cc mc ch khc
(SCADA).
- PLC (RX7i hoc LM90) nhn d
liu t GFOI gim st o lng v
tnh ton gi tr bo v theo ngng t
trc quyt nh ng MC bypass bo
v t.
- PLC cng nhn tn hiu t BV
ng dy bypass hoc insert t
- HMI hin th gi tr o lng,
trng thi, s kin
1.5.3 S logic.
 Phn 2: H THNG BO V, IU KHIN T
2.1 CC CH BO V C BN:
- Bypass do bo v ng dy (LINE PROTECTION OPERATION BYPASS).
- Bypass do khe h phng in (GAP CONDUCTION BYPASS).
- Bypass do nhit MOV vt ngng cho php (EXCESSIVE VARISTOR
TEMPERATURE BYPASS).
- Bypass do qu dng dy t (EXCESSIVE CAPACITOR TIME
OVERCURRENT BYPASS).
2.2 BYPASS DO BO V NG DY
- Nhn tn hiu khi to t bo v ng dy (1 hoc 3 pha);
- Pht lnh: bypass my ct t
- a ra cnh bo: LINE PROTECTION BYPASS
- Ty theo ch chon c th ng (bypass) tng pha hoc 3 pha v t ng ct
(insert) tr li.
2.3 BYPASS DO KHE H PHNG IN:
- Nng lng v dng in trn mi in tr phi tuyn c gim st thng qua
CT-10 v 11. Cun dy nh th ca cc CT ny cung cp thng tin v cng sut cho
cc thit b in t nm bn trong t iu khin khe h (Platform Cabinet) gi l b to
xung phng -VAP.
- Mch VAP gim st mt cch c lp dng in v nng lng tch ly bi cc
in tr phi tuyn.
- Khi c s c trn ng dy, in tr phi tuyn s bt u hp th nng lng
hoc dn dng. Nu nng lng trong n ln hn mc nng lng c t trc hay
dn dng cao hn bin dng t trc, mch VAP s kch thch khe h GAP phng
in dn n in tr phi tuyn c bypass bi s phng in ca khe h.
- Chc nng tch hp ca VAP (dng tnh ton nng lng) c hng s thi gian
tr l 15s. iu ny c ngha l khi ng dy c s c, sau khong 1s rle ng lp
li ng dy tip tc ng vo im s c th trong 15s in tr phi tuyn hp
th nng lng 2 ln. p ng ca VAP i vi s c th hai s bao gm c nh hng
ca s c th nht.
- Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ng li ng dy bng tay trong vng mt pht
hay lu hn sau ln s c u, th p ng ca VAP s khng tnh n bt k nh
hng no ca s c th nht.
- Dng in ca khe h khng kh c o bng CT-8 v c truyn vo h thng
bo v t bng cp quang.
- Khi khe h dn dng vt qu 100Arms, h thng bo v t pht lnh cnh bo
khe h dn dng (GAP CONDUCTION ALARM) i vi pha tng ng
- Thut ton pht hin dng qua GAP l gii thut c c tnh thi gian ph
thuc (inverse characteristic) to bi tng cc dng in ln hn 100 Arms trong thanh
ghi cha. Ngng ca thanh ghi cha ny l >1000A-chu k.
 - Ty theo ch la chn m my ct t s ng v t insert 1 pha hay 3 pha.
2.4 BYPASS DO NHIT MOV VT NGNG:
- Cch PLC tnh nhit MOV:
TMOV= Tmt + T dng r + TMOV dn
- Trong :
+ Tmt = 45oC i vi gin t mi (l nhit mt /v gin t c cm bin nhit)
+ T dng r = tng nhit do dng r lc vn hnh
+ TMOV dn = tng nhit lc MOV dn (ph thuc vo nng lng hp th v
h s tng nhit).
Thng s TBD593 TBD503, 504 n v
H s tng nhit, o
4.52 2.33 C/MJ
Temperature Rise Coefficient
Ngng cnh bo o
80 60 C
Alarm Threshold
Ngng kha insert o
80 60 C
Block Insertion Threshold
2.5 BYPASS DO DNG IN QUA MOV CAO VT NGNG:
- ng nhanh MC t khi s c gn t (ngoi ng dy c b)
- Nhn tng dng t CT6 v CT60, pht lnh nu tng dng ln hn 10 kA thi
gian hn 1ms;
- Bypass my ct t i vi pha tng ng.
- Cnh bo: My ct t bypass do dng in qua MOV cao (VARISTOR HIGH
CURRENT BYPASS) i vi pha tng ng.
- C th t ng insert t li nu kha 43AR la chn ENABLE.
2.6 BYPASS DO QU NNG LNG MOV:
- Bo v MOV trnh qu nhit do dn dng lin tc trong 1 pht.
- Tnh ton nng lng trn c tnh V-A ca MOV.
- Ngng t 19,7 MJ, hng s thi gian 15s.
- Bypass my ct t i vi pha tng ng.
- Cnh bo: My ct t bypass do dng in qua MOV cao (VARISTOR HIGH
CURRENT BYPASS) i vi pha tng ng.
- C th t ng insert t li nu kha 43AR la chn ENABLE.
Thi gian pht lnh
Dng qua dy t Thi gian pht lnh bypass
cnh bo

< 1.10 pu khng cnh bo khng bypass

= 1.10 pu 2 hr 8 hr
 = 1.35 pu 7.5 min 30 min
= 1.50 pu 2.5 min 10 min
= 1.70 pu 15 sec 1 min
= 1.85 pu 2.5 sec 10 sec
> 1.85 pu 0.25 sec 1 sec

Phn 3: PHN TCH HOT NG CA BO V NG DY V BO V

T B DC KHI C S C CHM T 1 PHA NGOI NG DY
 1. Hot ng ca bo v ng dy
Khi xy ra s c chm t mt pha ng dy do st nh, do cy va
qut hay mt nguyn nhn no khc, khi cc bo v ng dy s tc
ng ct pha s c v ng lp li. ng dy s c ng lp li thnh
cng khng ty thuc vo tnh trng s c v thit b bo v. C th cc r le
bo v s hot ng nh sau:
SEL 311L (F87L2): s a tn hiu i ct cun 1 ca my ct bo v
ng dy, ng thi khi to tn hiu ng lp li (START 79) v chng
h hng my ct ca cc my ct bo v ng dy (50BF1, 50BF2).
SEL 411L (F87L1): s a tn hiu i ct cun 2 ca my ct bo v
ng dy, ng thi khi to tn hiu ng lp li (START 79) v chng
h hng my ct ca cc my ct bo v ng dy (50BF1, 50BF2).
Ngoi ra, cn c tn hiu POTT gi v c th c nhn v tch hp trong
SEL 411L.
SEL 421 (F21): s a tn hiu i ct cun 2 ca my ct bo v ng
dy, ng thi khi to tn hiu ng lp li (START 79) v chng h
hng my ct ca cc my ct bo v ng dy (50BF1, 50BF2). Tn
hiu POTT cng c gi i n u i din.
a) Trng hp ng lp li thnh cng:
Nu qu trnh ng lp li thnh cng th cc r le ghi nhn c cc
tn hiu nh sau:
SEL 311L:
+ Trn mt r le c cc n led sng nh: TRIP, 87, pha s c, G v
zone 1, 2 hoc 3.
+ Trong r le ghi cc s kin nh: thi gian, pha s c, trip, khong
cch, dng cc pha, dng chm t ti thi im s c.
SEL 411L:
+ trn mt r le c cc n led sng nh: INST, TRIP, 87L, phase s
c, G v zone 1, 2 hoc 3.
+ trong r le ghi cc s kin nh: thi gian, pha s c, trip, khong
cch, dng cc pha, dng chm t ti thi im s c.
SEL 421:
 + Trn mt r le c cc n led sng nh: TRIP, INST, PHASE s c,
GROUND v zone 1, 2 hoc 3.
+ trong r le ghi cc s kin nh: thi gian, pha s c, trip, khong
cch, dng cc pha, dng chm t ti thi im s c.
Khi cc r le bo v my ct s ct v ng lp li thnh cng pha
s c.
Trn ARLAM list ca HMI ngoi cc tn hiu nh trn mt r le cn c
thm cc tn hiu nh, trng thi mt ct m, ng, POTT SEND, POTT
RECEIVE, 79 SUCCESS v 79 RESET.
b) Trng hp ng lp li khng thnh cng:
i khi qu trnh ng lp li s khng thnh cng hoc qu trnh
khng c thc hin v s c duy tr hay mt l do no . Khi trn cc
r le bo v s ghi nhn c cc tn hiu nh sau:
Ngoi cc tn hiu ghi nhn c nh dng cc pha, pha s c, thi
gian s c, khong cch. Th c tn hiu SOFT nu ng lp li
vo im s c, khi ng dy s b ct v r le F86 ca my ct
s tc ng n s a tip im i kha mch ng ca my ct.
Ngoi ra cn c nhiu nguyn nhn khc dn n vic ng lp li
khng thnh cng hay khng c thc hin nh li my ct hoc
s c trong khong thi gian 79 LOCK OUT
2. Hot ng ca bo v t khi s c mt pha chm t ng dy
Khi s c mt pha chm t mt pha ng dy 500kV cc bo v
ng dy s tc ng gi lnh ct cc my ct v gi tn hiu i
bypass mt ct t i vi pha tng ng.
T ch c insert khi tha mn cc iu kin sau:
Kha t ng insert 43AR v tr ENABLE.
Phi c khi to insert v ng dy mang in t nht 0.5s (tc l
PFOI o c dng ng dy ln hn 75A lin tc trong 0.5s trc
khi cho php insert t).
Khng c tn hiu kha insert t - BLOCK INSERT.
Khng c trng tha lock out my ct t.
Dng ng dy nh hn 110% nh mc.
Phn 4: C MCH IU KHIN MY CT BYPASS T
1. Mch lin ng my ct bypass:
Mch lin ng ca my ct bypass: KI l lin ng iu khin my
ct t xa, KI_L lin ng iu khin my ct ti ch. Cc lin ng
ny tha mn khi cc iu kin logic ca chng tha mn. Sau y l
hnh nh ca mch lin ng my ct bypass:

2. Mch iu khin my ct: iu khin t HMI v MIMIC

3. Mch ng, ct my ct bypass:

Khi c lnh ng hoc ct my ct t HMI (c th t BCU1 hoc
BCU2) hoc t MIMIC th cc r le trung gian K10_C1, K10_C2
(close cmd) hoc K00 (open cmd) cc tip im ph ca cc r le
trung gian ny a vo cc PLC iu khin my ct bypass v pht
lnh i ng hoc ct my ct. Sau y l hnh nh v mch ng 1
v 2 ca my ct:
Mch ng 1:
Mch ng 2:

Mch ct:
Mch ct ca my ct. Cc K100 v KE2 l r le trung gian
iu khin MC ti ch.