Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

National Institute of Technology Calicut

EC 2024 Fundamentals of Communications
Exercise Problems #2 (13 January 2017)
1. Find the smallest value of the modulation index in an FM system that
guarantees that all the modulated signal power is contained in the
sidebands and no power is transmitted at the carrier frequency
2. Wideband FM can be generated by first generating a narrowband FM
signal and then using frequency multiplication to spread the signal
bandwidth. Consider an Armstrong-type FM modulator. The narrowband
FM signal has a maximum angular deviation of 0.10 radians in order to
keep distortion under control. If the message signal has a bandwidth of 15
kHz and the output frequency from the oscillator is 100 kHz, determine
the frequency multiplication that is necessary to generate an FM signal at
a carrier frequency of fc =104 MHz.
3. The carrier c(t)=100 cos 2 fctis frequency modulated by the signal m(t)=
5 cos 20000t, where fc =108 Hz. The peak frequency deviation is 20
kHz.Determine the amplitude and frequency of all signal components
that have a power level of at least 10% of the power of the unmodulated
carrier component.
4. Demonstrate that amplitude modulation satisfies the superposition
principle, whereas angle modulation does not. To be specific, let m1(t) and
m2(t) be two message signals, and let u1(t) and u2(t) be the corresponding
modulated versions. Show that when the combined message signal
m1(t)+m2(t) DSB modulates a carrier Ac cos 2 fct, the result is the sum
of the two DSB amplitude modulated signals u1(t) + u2(t). Also show that
if m1(t) + m2(t) frequency modulates a carrier, the modulatedsignal is not
equal to u1(t) + u2(t).
5. Consider an FM modulator with output( ) = 100 cos[2 (1000) + ( )]. The
modulator operates with frequency deviation constant= 8 and has the
input message signal given by ( ) = 5cos2 (8) . The modulator is followed
by a bandpass filter with a center frequency of 1000 Hz and a bandwidth
of56 Hz,.Determine the power at the filter output.
6. The message signal m(t) into an FM modulator with peak-frequency
deviation25 Hz/V is shown in Figure below. Plot the frequency deviation
in Hz andthe phase deviation in radians.
7. An FM modulator has = 2000 Hz and frequency deviation constant=
20Hz/V. The modulator has input ( ) = 5cos[2 (10) ].
a. What is the modulation index?
b. Sketch, approximately to scale, the magnitudespectrum of the
modulator output. Show all frequenciesof interest
c. Is this narrowband FM? Why?
d. If the same ( ) is used for a phase modulator,what must bethe phase
deviation constant to yield the index given in (a)?
8. Design balanced slope detector and Foster-seely discriminators assuming
commercial FM specifications.
9. Design FM modulator circuit using LM 566 IC and a demodulator using
LM 565 ICassuming commercial FM specifications
10. Compute the percentage saving in transmit power when the modulation
index is increasedfrom 5 to 15 in FM. Also find the percentage increase in
channel bandwidth requirement (assume that modulating signal
bandwidth is equal to 15 KHz).
11. Verify whether the circuit shown in Figure below can be used as
FMdiscriminator. The envelope detector is assumedto be ideal and has an
infinite input impedance. Select the values for L and Cif the circuit is to
be used as a discriminator to demodulate an FM signal with a carrierfc =
80 MHz and a peak-frequency deviation of 6 MHz.

12. An angle-modulated signal has the form u(t) = 100 cos[2 fct+ 4 sin 2
fmt] where fc = 10 MHz and fm= 1000 Hz.
a. Assuming that this is an FM signal, determine the modulation
index and thetransmitted signal bandwidth.
b. Repeat part 1 if fmis doubled.
c. Assuming that this is a PM signal determine the modulation index
and thetransmitted signal bandwidth.
d. Repeat part 3 if fmis doubled