TSAI V.

COURT OF APPEALS
336 SCRA 324

FACTS:
EVERTEX secured a loan from PBC, guaranteed by a real estate and chattel mortgage over a parcel of
land where the factory stands, and the chattels located therein, as included in a schedule attached
to the mortgage contract. Another loan was obtained secured by a chattel mortgage over
properties with similar descriptions listed in the first schedule. During the date of execution of
the second mortgage, EVERTEX purchased machineries and equipment.

Due to business reverses, EVERTEX filed for insolvency proceedings. It failed to pay its obligation
and thus, PBC initiated extrajudicial foreclosure of the mortgages. PBC was the highest bidder in
the public auctions, making it the owner of the properties. It then leased the factory premises
to Tsai. Afterwards, EVERTEX sought the annulment of the sale and conveyance of the
properties to PBC as it was allegedly a violation of the INSOLVENCY LAW.

The RTC held that the lease and sale were irregular as it involved properties not included in the
schedule of the mortgage contract.

HELD:
While it is true that the controverted properties appear to be immobile, a perusal of the contract of
REM and CM executed by the parties gives a contrary indication. In the case at bar, both the trial
and appellate courts show that the intention was to treat the machineries as movables or
personal property.

Assuming that the properties were considered immovables, nothing detracts the parties from
treating it as chattels to secure an obligation under the principle of estoppel.