nino maisuraZe

qarTuli tradiciuli musika da

erovnuli cnobiereba

qarTuli da Crdilokavkasiuri musikaluri

enebis urTierTmimarTeba da maTi erTobis
problema
 istoriis, eTnologiis, religiis Seswavlisa
da propagandis centri
,

SCIENTIFIC CENTRE FOR STUDIES AND PROPAGANDA OF
HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND RELIGION

nino maisuraZe
qarTuli tradiciuli musika da
erovnuli cnobiereba
qarTuli da Crdilokavkasiuri musikaluri enebis
urTierTmimarTeba da maTi erTobis problema

Nino Maisuradze
Georgian traditional music and national awareness
Interrelation and Unity Problems of Georgian and the North
Caucasian Musical Languages

Tbilisi 2015
2015
Tbilisi 2015
 wignSi asaxulia qarTveli xalxis musikaluri azrov-
nebis Tanmimdevruli, uwyveti ganviTarebis suraTi. musika-
lur-eTnologiuri monacemebiT naCvenebia: odesRac qarTve-
lur tomTaTvis saerTo musikaluri fuZe-ena, misi ganviTa-
rebis da imavdroulad diferenciaciis procesi, musikalu-
ri dialeqtebis warmoqmna, rac Taviseburad asaxavs er-
Toblivi qarTveluri eTnosis arsebobas da mis diferen-
ciacias, calkeuli eTnografiuli jgufebis (kuTxeebis) Ca-
moyalibebas; saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis wi-
aRSi warmoqmnili polifoniis formebi, romlebic qarT-
velTa mentalitetis da qarTvelobasTan identobis gamom-
xatvelia; qarTuli mravalxmianobis xniereba; musikaluri
kulturis ori didi wre: aRmosavlur-qarTuli da dasav-
lur-qarTuli, romlebic Seesatyviseba saqarTvelos mosax-
leobis dayofas istoriulad Camoyalibebul or mTavar
jgufad: iberiuli da kolxuri; qarTuli xalxuri musikis
istoriul-eTnologiuri aspeqtebi; qarTuli musikaluri
ena da erovnuli cnobiereba.
musikaluri monacemebis safuZvelze gamoTqmulia mo-
sazreba afxazTa qarTveluri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. da-
dasturebulia odesRac qarTul-Crdilokavkasiuri anu ib-
eriul-kavkasiuri musikaluri kulturis arseboba.
wigni moicavs Cems mier adre gamoqveynebul zogierT
naSroms da boloxans Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebs.

redaqtorebi: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

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istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori giorgi gociriZe

recenzentebi: istoriis doqtori, eTnomusikologi

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istoriis doqtori, eTnomusikologi
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istoriis doqtori, eTnomusikologi
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kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: mariam butikaSvili

ISBN 978-9941-9348-9-6
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 vuZRvni Cems vaJiSvils giorgi nozaZes
da rZals ia (iana) samxaraZes

winaTqma

qarTveli xalxis mdidar kulturul memkvidre-

obaSi xalxuri simRera, misi polifoniuri buneba
unikaluri movlenaa. cnobili mecnieri, musikismcod-
ne boris asafievi aRniSnavs, rom `xalxuri mraval-
xmianoba acvifrebs da qeds axrevinebs adamians qar-
Tveli xalxis musikaluri geniis winaSe~. TvalsaCino
musikismcodne _ folkloristis, momRerlis da musi-
kaluri kompoziciebis avtoris, alan lomaqsis az-
riT: `saqarTvelo msoflio xalxuri musikis dedaqa-
laqia. SesaZloa, qarTuli polifonia ara marto ev-
ropuli, aramed msoflio polifoniis saTavecaa~. da
bolos, Cveni drois gamoCenili kompozitori gia yan-
Celi wers: `qarTuli xalxuri simReris arsSi Caw-
vdoma Cems SesaZleblobebs da warmosaxvis unars
aRemateba. vfiqrob, rom msgavsi mravalxmianobis Seq-
mna genialuri anonimebis Semoqmedebis Sedegia. amoux-
sneli rCeba CemTvis is garemoebac, Tu rogor gaC-
ndnen aseTi masStabis anonimebi saqarTvelos sxvada-
sxva kuTxeSi. amitomac miWirs im gancdis sityvebiT
gadmocema, rasac CemSi guruli, kaxuri, megruli da
svanuri simRerebi iwvevs. mxatvruli srulyofileba
amoucnobi idumalebaa, idumalebasTan mimarTebaSi ki
yovelive azri, kiTxva Tu axsna-ganmarteba mniSvnelo-
bas kargavs~.
saidan iRebs saTaves es ganumeorebeli fenomeni,
romelic ase acvifrebs msmenels...
qvemoT swored amis Sesaxeb iqneba saubari...

5
 I. musikaluri eTnologia // eTnomusikologia

tradicia erTgvarovani jgufuri Cvevaa, rome-

lic gadaicema droSi da ganagrZobs arsebobas. tra-
diciis arsi da mniSvneloba farToa, radgan igi sa-
zogadoebis yvela sferos moicavs. tradicia adamian-
Ta garkveuli jgufis cxovrebis nawilia, amitom igi
ganixileba rogorc socialuri movlena. ama Tu im
xalxis Taviseburebas, romliTac igi sxva xalxisagan
ganirCeva, ganapirobebs tradiciebis anu eTnikuri
kulturis erToblioba. eTnikuri tradiciebi myaria,
magram ara statikuri. igi dinamiuria da ganviTareba-
di. tradiciebisa da wes-Cveulebebis calkeuli mxare-
ebis kvleva ara izolirebulad, aramed maT urTier-
TkavSirSi unda xdebodes. tradiciebisa da wes-Cveu-
lebebis specifika mravaljerad ganmeorebasa da mem-
kvidreobaSi mdgomareobs, rac ganapirobebs qcevisa
da Cvevis normebis xangrZliv arsebobas. amave dros
isini, rogorc socialuri movlenebi, ganviTarebas
da cvlilebebs ganicdis (3: 140-157).
xalxuri musika sayofacxovrebo tradiciis wi-
aRSi Cndeba da yalibdeba, garkveuli Sinaarsis mqo-
nea da yofis calkeuli mxareebis amsaxveli. igi moi-
cavs ara mxolod musikalur, aramed sityvier teqsts,
maT Soris mWidro intonaciuri da semantikuri urTi-
erTkavSiri arsebobs. niSandoblivia, rom simRera
`leqsis damRerebiT Tqmas~ niSnavs. simReris amgvari
interpretacia ukanasknel dromde SemorCaT aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos mTielebs. xalxuri simRera, ro-
gorc sayofacxovrebo tradiciis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
komponenti, masTan erTobliobaSi gaiazreba, igi yo-
fisagan damoukideblad ar arsebobs. yofiTi tradi-
cia ar unda Semoifarglebodes mxolod aRwerilo-
biT, orive, simRerac da tradiciac urTierTmimarTe-
baSi unda ganixilebodes, radgan es ukanaskneli gan-
sazRvravs simReris Sesrulebis wess, xasiaTs da, Se-
saZloa, mis asaksac. Tavis mxriv, simReris xniereba

6
Sesabamisi tradiciis asakis ganmsazRvrelia. amgvari
TvalTaxedva musikalur-folklorul nimuSebs musika-
lur-eTnografiuli masalis mniSvnelobas sZens.
sulieri kultura eTnikuri erTobis koleqtiu-
ri fsiqologiis praqtikuli gamovlinebaa, misi Seg-
nebisa da TviTSegnebis formaTa sistema (20: 80). gar-
kveul geografiul garemoSi adamianTa gansazRvruli
jgufebis xangrZlivi Tanacxovrebis Sedegad sawar-
moo, socialuri da sulieri urTierTobis pirobebSi
yalibdeba erTiani specifikuri kultura, romelic
am jgufebis fsiqologiuri wyobis erTobaSi gamoixa-
teba da erTi enis safuZvelze aRmocendeba. sityva
garkveuli enobrivi jgufis kuTvnilebaa da am jgu-
fis enobrivi CveulebiT aris ganpirobebuli. enobri-
vi Cveuleba adamianTa jgufis xangrZlivi erToblivi
cxovrebis warmonaqmnia. es Cveuleba moicavs garkve-
ul enaze gamoTqmuli bgerebis, bgeraTa SeerTebis
wesebisa da SesaZleblobebis, sityvis Tanmxlebi emo-
ciuri elferis Taviseburebebs, romlebic mxolod am
enobrivi jgufisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. iakob
gogebaSvilis ganmartebiT, `deda-ena garegnobiT ro-
dia adamianis arsebasTan dakavSirebuli, igi rodi
hgavs tanisamoss, romlis gamocvla advilad da uv-
neblad SeiZleba. mas aqvs Rrma gamdgari fesvebi ada-
mianis tvinSi, nervebSi, xmis organoebSi, Zvalsa da
rbilSi, mTels mis bunebaSi, igi aris uZvirfasesi ia-
raRi, romelic bunebas zed gamouWria adamianis sul-
sa da xorczed, mis fsiqologiurs agebulebazed~ (17:
46-48; 3: 46-50). enobrivi Cveulebis intonaciuri Tavi-
sebureba adamianTa gansazRvruli jgufis Tu, ufro
mogvianebiT, eTnosis musikalur fuZe-hangSi, fuZe-ena-
Sia daleqili da misi fsiqikis gamomxatvelia. gasa-
ziarebelia sazRvargareTis da qarTvel musikismcod-
neTa mosazreba musikaluri intonirebis anu myari
bgeruli simaRleebis sametyvelo intonaciebidan mom-
dinareobis Sesaxeb (26: 6-8). metyveleba da musika da-
kavSirebulia adamianis azrovnebasTan. es ori ele-

7
menti bgeriT (`xmiT~) gamoixateba. Tavdapirveli in-
tonacia umartivesi metyvelebis (`sityvis~) elemen-
taluri gamovlineba adamianis mier ama Tu im mov-
lenis aRqmisa da Sesabamisi SegrZnebis, gancdis, su-
lieri mRelvarebis Sedegia. aqedan gamomdinare, sa-
metyvelo intonacia, ufro mogvianebiT ki, musikalu-
ri intonacia organulad aris dakavSirebuli sul-
Tan. musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis adreul sa-
fexurebze metyvelebis bgeraTa akustikurma da fizi-
ologiurma (artikulaciurma) Taviseburebebma, into-
naciurma mxarem arsebiTi roli Seasrula musika-
lur-intonaciuri azrobrivi erTeulis fuZe-hangis
anu fuZe-enis CamoyalibebaSi. niSandoblivia, rom
qarTvelur enebSi sxva enobrivi samyarodan odesRac
SeTvisebuli sityvebi qarTveluri enebis intonaciur
areSi eqceva da adgilobrivi xasiaTis intonaciur
cvlilebebs ganicdis (11: 206-207). fuZe-hangi, romel-
Sic Tavs iyris adre arsebuli yvela musikalur-sme-
niTi monapovari, universaluria. amasTanave igi gar-
kveuli struqturis mqone intonaciur areSi Tavsdeba
da gamoirCeva mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli fo-
nologiuri da morfologiuri wyobiT. cnobili eT-
nomusikologi prof. i. zemcovski intonaciuri velis
Sesaxeb Semdeg interpretacias iZleva: xalxi musika-
lurad azrovnebs ara calkeuli bgerebiT, aramed
calkeuli intonaciuri kompleqsebiT, konkretulad
intonaciur-ritmuli ujredebiT, melodiuri mimoqce-
vebiT, frazebiT. es kompleqsebi zepiri gziT gadai-
cema da tradiciulad momdinareobs. aseT kompleqseb-
Si bgeraTa sizuste SeuZlebelia. isini principulad
mobiluria da amasTanave urTierTeqvivalenturi. er-
Ti da igive intonaciur kompleqss met-naklebad gan-
sxvavebuli bgeriTi gamomsaxveloba axasiaTebs, mag-
ram ara usasrulod gansxvavebuli. sazRvars, romel-
Sic intonacia saxecvlilebis Semdeg TavisTavadi
rCeba, intonaciuri are ewodeba (4: 43). vfiqrob, rom
xalxuri musikis eTnikuri specifikis dadgenisaTvis

8
musikalur-intonaciuri velis gansazRvras gansakuT-
rebuli mniSvneloba aqvs. es intonaciuri ujredi anu
musikaluri fuZe-ena, fuZe-hangi adamianTa garkveuli
jgufis, mogvianebiT eTnosis socialur-fsiqologiu-
ri Taviseburebis matarebelia. igi saweso moqmedeba-
Ta kompleqsSi Semavali ritualis mniSvnelovani kom-
ponentia da misi Sinaarsis gamomxatveli (10: 28-47).
damajerebelia qarTvel da sazRvargareTis musikis
mkvlevarTa mosazreba, rom magiuri qmedebebi musika-
luri intonirebis warmoqmnis safuZveli unda yofi-
liyo. igi daxasiaTebulia rogorc gardamavali safe-
xuri sametyvelo da musikalur intonaciaTa Soris.
magiur qmedebebs ukavSirdeba musikalur-esTetikuri
arqetipis Camoyalibeba, romlis atributebia mraval-
jeradi ganmeoreba, erTgvarovneba da reglamenturo-
ba (1: 24). aqedan gamomdinare musikaluri fuZe-ena, eT-
nikuri tradiciebisa da wes-Cveulebebis msgavsad,
mdgradia da igi melodiuri formulis (formulebis)
saxiT arsebobs, magram imavdroulad ganviTarebadia.
fuZe-hangis infiltracia yofis sxvadasxva sferoSi
iwvevs mis semantikur transformacias: cvlilebebs
ganicdis musikaluri teqstis forma da Sinaarsi,
Sesrulebis xasiaTi da bolos yalibdeba Tvisebri-
vad axali, gansxvavebuli sasimRero nimuSebi, romle-
bic zogad musikalur struqturaSi garkveul ad-
gils imkvidrebs. aSkaraa, rom mravalferovani musi-
kaluri Janrebis formireba sayofacxovrebo tradi-
ciis wiaRSi mimdinareobs da, rom simRera sityvier
teqstTan erTad, saweso moqmedebaTa kompleqsis erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani komponentia. amitom xalxuri sim-
Reris funqcia yofaSi Seiswavleba uSualo dakvirve-
bis gziT, kompleqsurad da intensiurad, cxovrebis
materialur, socialur da sulier mxareebTan er-
TobliobaSi, anu simRera ganixileba rogorc zedna-
Seni movlena bazisur kategoriebTan urTierTmimar-
TebaSi, romlis wiaRSic igi warmoiqmna. amgvarad, mu-
sikaluri ena, sametyvelo enis analogiurad, eTnosis,

9
rogorc socialuri organizmis erT-erTi maxasiaTe-
beli niSania. aqedan gamomdinareobs xalxuri musikis
anu musikaluri folkloris wyaroTmcodneobiTi
mniSvneloba eTnikuri istoriis sakiTxebis, Sidamig-
raciuli Tu garemigraciuli procesebis, gansaxlebe-
bis, eTnokulturuli da eTnogenetikuri problemebis
kvlevisaTvis (9).
geografiuli garemo anu gansazRvruli bunebri-
vi areali magaliTad, saqarTvelosaTvis damaxasia-
Tebeli vertikaluri zonaloba (mTa, zegani (gardama-
vali zoli), bari) asaxvas hpovebs sameurneo, socia-
luri da sulieri kulturis sferoebSi. saqarTve-
los mTis zolis musikalur-folkloruli da eTnog-
rafiuli masalis kompleqsur-intensiuri da istori-
ul-SedarebiTi Seswavlis Sedegebi, Tavis mxriv, asa-
xavs mTielTa socialur-ekonomikuri da sulieri
kulturis ganviTarebis dones. mTielTa xalxuri mu-
sika warmodgenilia rogorc kulturuli kompleqsis
nawili, romelic mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli mTis mo-
saxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri da sulieri kul-
turis istoriasTan.
xalxTa istoriuli kavSirebis kvlevaSi musika-
lur-eTnikur monacemebs garkveuli adgili eTmoba
(10: 53-72; 11: 239-247). am mxriv interess iwvevs i. zem-
covskis gamokvlevebi, romlebic gamoirCeva meTodo-
logiuri ZiebiT. igi vrclad ganixilavs musikis-
mcodneTa (f. fetisi, e. xornbosteli, k. zaqsi, v. pet-
ri, z. kodai, i. kunsti, z. evaldi, r. gruberi, q. kuS-
nariovi, v. goSovski, l. kerSneri, v. vinogradovi, f.
rubcovi da sxv.) naSromebs da amasTanave musikaluri
masalis ganxilvis safuZvelze musikalur-eTnikuri
kvlevis farTo perspeqtivebs gvisaxavs. mkvlevris az-
riT, musikalur-folkloruli masalis eTnogeneti-
kur maCveneblebs Seadgens musikaluri struqturebi,
romlebSic asaxulia eTnikurad da stadialurad
konkretuli, garkveuli musikaluri azrovneba da Se-
sabamisi musikaluri aRqma. musikalur-intonaciuri

10
azrovnebis konkretuli nimuSebis, rogorc formis
da Sinaarsis erTianobis analitikuri aRricxva masa-
lisadmi arsebiTi midgomis meTodologiuri winapi-
robaa. musikaluri folkloris roli eTnogenetikur
gamokvlevebSi, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, vinai-
dan musika ganasaxierebs ra kulturisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebel eTnikur niSnebs, imavdroulad mkveTrad ar
aris determinirebuli, rogorc kulturis sxva kom-
ponentebi. amitom musikaluri monacemebis ugulebel-
yofa, udavod aRaribebs eTnogenezis Seswavlis tra-
diciulad Camoyalibebul gzebs (5: 15-16, 22). eTnogene-
zis sakiTxebis kvlevisas eTnomusikologiuri monace-
mebi SeiZleba daemTxves momijnave dargebis (enaTmec-
niereba, istoria, arqeologia, anTropologia) monace-
mebs, an ara. magaliTad, osuri musikaluri masalis
retrospeqtuli da istoriul-SedarebiTi analizis
safuZvelze irkveva, rom iberiul-kavkasiuri musika-
luri enebis istoriul-geografiuli sazRvrebi uf-
ro farToa, vidre iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTa ojaxis.
masSi Sedis osuri musikaluri ena, Tumca osuri ena
ganekuTvneba indoevropul enaTa iranul Stos. musi-
kaluri monacemebiT mkafiod Cans, rom osuri musika-
luri enis substrati kavkasiuria, qarTveluria (10:
57-58; 12: 282-284, 289-290), an musikalur-folkloru-
li masalis kompleqsur-intensiuri da istoriul-Se-
darebiTi analizis safuZvelze dadasturebulia aT-
aswleulebis miRma saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri
fuZe-enis arseboba da, mogvianebiT, misi diferencia-
ciis, musikalur dialeqtebad Camoyalibebis procesi,
rac, Tavis mxriv, Seesatyviseba erToblivi qarTveluri
eTnosis arsebobas da mis diferenciacias, calkeuli
eTnografiuli jgufebis anu kuTxeebis Camoyalibebas
(11: 205-239). gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom musikaluri enis
ganviTarebis procesi, sametyvelo enis msgavsad, xan-
grZliv periods moicavs. igi aTaswleulebis manZilze
viTardeba. nela icvleba musikaluri enis zogierTi ka-

11
nonzomiereba, romelic tipologiurad axlo dgas enis
gramatikul kanonzomierebebTan (7: 13-15).
eTnikuri istoriis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT
xmieri musikis da samusiko sakravebis kvlevis Sede-
gebi SesaZleblobas iZleva gaaSuqos ara mxolod
qarTul-kavkasiuri eTnokulturuli da eTnogenetiku-
ri kavSirebi, aramed ufro Soreul kulturebTan ma-
Ti mimarTebis sakiTxebi, rogoricaa qarTul-winaazi-
ur an qarTul-xmelTaSuazRvispirul kulturaTa ur-
TierTmimarTeba da sxva (10; 11: 272-317; 19).
ra kavSirSia mravalxmianoba da misi formebi
eTnikuri istoriis sakiTxebis kvlevasTan? mravalxmi-
anoba eTnosis Tandayolili Tvisebaa, `Sinagani smeni-
Ti wyobis~ Sedegia (30: 293-295, 326-327; 6: 37-39, 47-48).
polifoniuri azrovneba eTnosis fsiqikis struqtu-
ruli elementia. amave dros mis realizebas musika-
luri azrovnebis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze eZ-
leva biZgi, kerZod maSin, roca ukve Camoyalibebulia
ZiriTadi musikalur-bgeriTi fondi da mravalxmiano-
ba gaiazreba rogorc musikalur bgeraTa Sexamebis
garkveuli forma, anu mravalxmianobis realizeba mo-
iTxovda musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis saTana-
do dones, rac, Tavis mxriv, sazogadoebis ganviTare-
bis garkveul etaps ukavSirdeba. aqedan gamomdinare
mravalxmianoba stadialuria, ganviTarebadia, rac
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania eTnikuri istoriis, eT-
nogenezis sakiTxebis kvlevisas. magaliTad, qarTve-
lur, svanur tomebSi mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri
formis (`sinqronuli xmaTasvla~ 2: 27) Camoyalibeba
(romelic qronologiurad qarTveluri musikaluri
fuZe-enis arsebobis xanas ukavSirdeba) da misi gav-
rceleba dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze, See-
satyviseba enobriv monacemebs II aTaswleulsa da I
aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi svanur tomTa gansax-
lebis Sesaxeb dasavleT saqarTvelos ara mxolod
mTian, aramed baris regionebSi. qarTuli mravalxmia-
nobis kompleqsurma formam faqtiurad ganapiroba mu-

12
sikaluri kulturis ori didi wris Camoyalibeba: aR-
mosavlur-qarTulis da dasavlur-qarTulis (11: 212,
235-237). es monacemebi Seesatyviseba saqarTvelos mo-
saxleobis dayofas istoriulad Camoyalibebul or
mTavar jgufad: iberiuli da kolxuri.
rogorc zemoxsenebuli msjelobidan Cans, xal-
xur musikas, ise rogorc xalxuri mxatvruli Semoq-
medebis sxva saxeebs aqvs ara mxolod esTetikuri,
aramed eTnikuri funqcia. momijnave dargebis (enaT-
mecniereba, istoria, arqeologia, anTropologia) ana-
logiurad, musikalur eTnologias garkveuli wvli-
li Seaqvs xalxTa istoriuli kavSirebis, eTnogene-
zis sakiTxebis kvlevaSi. yofil sabWoTa da evropis
qveynebis specialur samecniero literaturasa da en-
ciklopediebSi musikaluri eTnografiis araerTi de-
finiciaa mocemuli. akad. giorgi Citaia eTnologiis
dargSi mravali mimarTulebis fuZemdebeli iyo, maT
Soris musikaluri eTnografiis (mogvianebiT musi-
kaluri eTnologiis). mecnieris adre gamoqveynebul
naSromSi `qarTuli eTnologia~ (1926) dasaxulia eT-
nologiis dargis mizani, amocanebi da kvlevis meTo-
di. magram qarTul mecnierebaSi `eTnologiis~ nac-
vlad damkvidrda sabWoTa kavSirSi aRiarebuli ter-
mini `eTnografia~, romelic gulisxmobda xalxis yo-
fis da kulturis aRweras. `eTnologiis~ mizani aR-
werasTan erTad, xalxis mecnieruli Seswavla iyo
(24: 10-11; 13: 35-36). termin `eTnografiis~ damkvidrebis
miuxedavad g. Citaias mier SemuSavebuli kvlevis me-
Todi ar Secvlila. eTnografiis dargs igi eTnolo-
giis ganviTarebis safuZvlad miiCnevda. XX saukunis
bolos `eTnografias~ kvlav Caenacvla `eTnologia~.
am cvlilebis Sesabamisad `musikalur eTnografias~
`musikaluri eTnologia~ anu `eTnomusikologia~ ewo-
da. g. Citaias SexedulebiT, `eTnografiuli movlene-
bi da faqtebi unda Seiswavlebodes ara izolirebu-
lad, garemo movlenebTan kavSiris gareSe, aramed, pi-
riqiT, maTTan mWidro kavSirsa da garemo movlenaTa

13
ganpirobebulobaSi. cnobilia, rom bunebaSi arcerTi
movlena ar SeiZleba iqnes gagebuli Tu mas izoli-
rebuli saxiT, garemo movlenaTagan mowyvetilad gan-
vixilavT, radgan yoveli movlena bunebis nebismier
sferoSi SeiZleba uazrobad iqces, Tu mas garemo
movlenebTan kavSiris gareSe, maTgan mowyvetilad
ganvixilavT. savele eTnografiuli muSaoba moiT-
xovs, rom aRweriloba ar iyos zedapiruli, fragmen-
tuli, aramed igi unda asaxavdes sagans da movlenebs
srulyofilad, raTa aRwera Seexebodes ara marto
mis garegan mxares, aramed Sinagan Sedgenilobasac;
dasaxelebuli moTxovnebi _ mogvces adekvaturi, ut-
yuari, yovelmxrivi aRweriloba da gamovlindes sag-
nis da movlenis istorizmi, garemo, struqtura, teq-
nika da funqcia SeiZleba Sesruldes mxolod mov-
lenaTa kompleqsuri Seswavlisas (22: 78-79). g. Citaias
mier Camoyalibebuli kvlevis meTodi iTvaliswinebs
xalxis eTnogenezis, yofisa da kulturis sakiTxebis,
istoriuli ganviTarebis sxvadasxva periodTa danaS-
revebis Seswavlas intensiurad da kompleqsurad, ba-
zisuri da zednaSenuri movlenebis erTianobaSi, is-
torizmis principebis dacviT. am meTodis mixedviT
eTnografiuli dakvirvebis siRrme ufro mniSvnelova-
nia vidre sifarTove, eTnografiuli movlenis gav-
liT dafiqsireba, radgan kuTxuri Taviseburebebis
kvlevis Sedegebi sakiTxebis ganzogadebas emsaxureba
(22: 57-58, 78-79). musikaluri eTnologia anu eTnomusi-
kologia kvlevis zemoxsenebul principebs emyareba.
eTnologiis am mimarTulebas saqarTveloSi XX sau-
kunis 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Caeyara safuZveli sa-
qarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis iv. javaxiSvilis
sax. istoriis, arqeologiisa da eTnografiis insti-
tutSi da, mogvianebiT, igi eTnologiis sferoSi Se-
maval calke disciplinad Camoyalibda. g. Citaias Se-
xedulebiT, musikaluri eTnografia (SemdegSi musika-
luri eTnologia) xalxur musikas Seiswavlis yo-
fasTan mWidro kavSirSi, uSualo dakvirvebis gziT,

14
kompleqsur-intensiuri meTodiT. musikaluri eTno-
logiis zemoxsenebulma interpretaciam asaxva hpova
mraval naSromSi (28; 23; 18; 8; 10; 14; 24; 14; 16; 29 da
sxv.). musikaluri eTnologiis mkvlevari unda iyos
ara mxolod istorikos-eTnologi, aramed imavdrou-
lad musikismcodne. mas unda hqondes, erTi mxriv, eT-
nografiuli masalis da, meore mxriv, musikalur-
folkloruli masalis, musikis harmoniis Rrma cod-
na da, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania, Sinagani smeni-
Ti monacemi, musikaluri masalis smeniTi aRqmis ma-
Rali unari, raTa gaanalizebuli masalidan (melo-
dia, kilo, ritmi, musikaluri forma, polifonia, har-
monia, erovnuli musikaluri stili) man maqsimalu-
rad swori daskvnebi gaakeTos.
Tanamedrove interpretaciiT eTnologia swav-
lobs adamians, rogorc socialur movlenas. Seswav-
lis erTeuli misTvis aris eTnosi. saanalizo mona-
cemebs eTnologia kvlevisa da SedarebisaTvis iRebs
eTnografiisagan. eTnologia warmoadgens mecnierebis
ganzogadebis fazas da ganixilavs ganviTarebis saer-
To kanonzomierebebs, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia
zogadi kulturisaTvis. arsebobs kulturul-istori-
uli tipi, romelic warmoadgens yoveli kulturis
specifikur saxes. am kulturaTa warmoSobas, ganviTa-
rebas da urTierTobas eTnologia swavlobs. eTno-
logia kulturas Seiswavlis rogorc socialur sis-
temas sazogadoebis praqtikasa da azrovnebaSi, rome-
lic Tavis TavSi Seicavs materialur, socialur, su-
lier da yofiT aspeqtebs (13. 47-48).
musikaluri eTnologia anu eTnomusikologia
eTnologiisa da musikismcodneobis samecniero dar-
gia, romelic emsaxureba eTnosis (xalxis) mecnierul
Seswavlas. igi warmoadgens eTnologiis da musika-
luri folkloris sinTezs. musikaluri eTnologia
xalxur musikas Seiswavlis istoriul-eTnologiuri
aspeqtiT. musikalur-eTnografiuli masala gamoyene-
bulia rogorc istoriuli wyaro xalxis yofisa da

15
kulturis, eTnikuri istoriis, eTnogenezis, xalxTa
migraciebisa da integraciis, gansaxlebis, Tanamedro-
ve eTnikuri procesebis kvlevisaTvis. musikalur-eT-
nologiur monacemebs garkveuli wvlili Seaqvs eT-
nosis kulturul-istoriuli tipis gansazRvraSi,
zogadkulturuli memkvidreobis kanonzomierebaTa
dadgenaSi. musikaluri eTnologiis kvlevis amocane-
bia xalxuri musikis, rogorc yofis organuli nawi-
lis, erTi mxriv, kulturul-yofiTi da, meore mxriv,
eTnikuri funqciebis gamovlena, eTnokulturuli da
eTnogenetikuri problemebi. musikaluri eTnologiis
sakiTxebi Seiswavleba kompleqsurad, materialur,
socialur da sulier kulturasTan erTobliobaSi,
kompleqsur-intensiuri da istoriul-SedarebiTi me-
TodebiT.

literatura:

1. baRaSvili g., qarTuli musikaluri folkloris

esTetikis saTaveebTan, avtoreferati, Tbilisi,
2005.
2. gabisonia T., qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmiano-
bis formebi, avtoreferati, Tbilisi, 2009.
3. gegeSiZe m., eTnikuri kultura da tradiciebi, Tbi-
lisi, 1978.
4. zemcovski . ,
, 1975.
5. zemcovski _ . (-
, , ). -
, , 1988.
6. zemcovski _ Zemtsovsky I. I. Polyphony as a way of creating
and thinking. The musical identity of homo polyphonicus. The

16
 First International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony. Tbilisi,
State Conservatoire, 2002.
7. mazeli ., , -, 1952.
8. maisuraZe ., , -
, ,
, 1983.
9. maisuraZe n., kvlevis farTo perspeqtiva, xalxuri
musikis istoriul-eTnografiuli aspeqti. gaz.
`Tbilisi~, 25 maisi, 1985.
10. maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi is-
toriul-eTnografiuli aspeqtebi, Tbilisi, 1989.
11. maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri musika da erovnu-
li cnobiereba. analebi, #6, istoriis, eTnologi-
is, religiis Seswavlisa da propagandis samecnie-
ro centri, Tbilisi, 2010.
12. maisuraZe n., iberiul-kavkasiuri musikaluri ene-
bis Sesaxeb. analebi, #7, istoriis, eTnologiis,
religiis Seswavlisa da propagandis samecniero
centri, Tbilisi, 2011.
13. meliqiSvili l., eTnografia Tu eTnologia, Tbi-
lisi, 2000.
14. nakaSiZe ., -
( -
), , , 1987.
15. petriaSvili .,
, , , 1990.
16. sulaberiZe g., qarTuli musika qarTuli werilo-
biTi Zeglebis mixedviT (`qarTlis cxovreba~), av-
toreferati, Tbilisi, 1993.
17. foCxua b., qarTuli enis leqsikologia, Tbilisi,
1974.
18. SilakaZe m., musikaluri eTnografiis sagani. masa-
lebi saqarTvelos eTnografiisaTvis, Tbilisi,
XVI-XVII, 1972.
19. SilakaZe m., tradiciuli samusiko sakravebi da
qarTul-Crdilokavkasiuri eTnokulturuli urTi-
erTobani, Tbilisi, 2007.

17
20. Cistovi ., , -
.
, , 1972, 3.
21. Citaia g., Sesavali. saqarTvelos istoriul-eTnog-
rafiuli atlasi, masalebi, Tbilisi, 1980.
22. Citaia g., qarTuli sabWoTa eTnografia (1930-1968).
ix. g. Citaia, Sromebi, Tbilisi, 2001.
23. WanturiSvili s., qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri
kulturis istoriidan, disertacia, 1971.
24. WanturiSvili s., eTnologia, Tbilisi, 1993.
25. WiTanava _ .,
( -
), , , 1987.
26. WoxoneliZe e., qarTuli xalxuri simReris kilou-
ri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. samecniero Sromebis kre-
buli, Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis saxelobis sa-
xelmwifo konservatoria, Tbilisi, 1983.
27. xarZiani m., nadirobis Tema svanur musikalur
folklorSi, disertacia, Tbilisi, 2009.
28. xaSba ., -
, , 1967.
29. xaSba ., -
( - -
), , 1991.
30. javaxiSvili i., qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTa-
di sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1938.

18
 II. saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-ena
da misi ganviTarebis gzebi
(musikaluri masalis analizi)

samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs zogadi xasi-

aTis mosazrebani qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis saer-
To Ziridan momdinareobis Sesaxeb (z. faliaSvili, d.
arayiSvili, S. aslaniSvili, gr. CxikvaZe, v. gvaxaria),
Tumca kulturis es fenomeni _ xalxuri musika qar-
Tveli xalxis eTnikur istoriasTan, eTnogenetikur
sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, XX saukunis 60-ian wlebamde
sagangebo Seswavlis da interpretaciis sagani ar
gamxdara. am aspeqtiT kvlevisaTvis Cveni yuradReba
miiqcia S. aslaniSvilis mier gamovlenilma melodiis
orma saxeobam, romelTagan pirveli daRmavali mimar-
Tulebisaa, meore _ aRmavali. melodiis am ori saxeo-
bis damaboloebeli nawili erTgvarovania da daleqi-
lia simReris SedarebiT konservatul nawilebSi (mo-
Zaxilsa da umTavresad ki _ damaboloebel nagebobeb-
Si). angariSgasawevia agreTve mosazreba imis Sesaxeb,
rom qarTuli xalxuri musikis mravalsaukunovani
ganviTarebis manZilze gamomuSavda `intonaciuri
formulebi~, romlebic intonaciuri normebis saxiT
Camoyalibda qarTuli xalxuri simReris yvela gan-
StoebaSi. amave dros yovelma ganStoebam gamoimuSava
mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli `intonaciuri nor-
mebi~ (2: 40, 78-82, 96-122).
qarTul xalxur simRerebSi asaxulia qarTveli
xalxis musikalur-esTetikuri azrovnebis ganviTare-
bis TiTqmis yvela safexuri. amaTgan uZvelesi, uka-
nasknel dromde, saqarTvelos mTis mosaxleobam Se-
moinaxa. am mxriv, upirveles yovlisa, sayuradReboa
astralur da, gansakuTrebiT ki, micvalebulis kul-
tebTan dakavSirebuli saferxuloebi da natirlebi,
romlebic organulad aris dakavSirebuli qristiano-
bis winare xanis rwmena-warmodgenebTan.

19
 musikalur teqstebs Soris arqiteqtonikis Tval-
sazrisiT sayuradReboa TuSuri saferxulo simReris
(Cawerilia fanduris Tanxlebis gareSe) `qorbeRelas~
variantebi*. pirvel maTganSi (1) fraza (frazebi, garda
ori ukanaskneli frazisa) iwyeba fa-diez kilos meoTxe

safexuriT (si), romelic adis kilos kvintaSi (do-di-

ezi), Semdeg, bgeraTrigi daRmavali talRiseburi moZ-
raobiT Camodis tonikaSi (fa-diezi). frazis pirveli
da meore melodiuri mimoqcevebis dasawyisSi, taqtis
Zlier droze mocemuli kilos meoTxe safexuri, kvin-
tis diapazonis momcvel melodiaSi, aZlierebs kvar-
tis intervalis (fa-diez _ si), rogorc melodiis
harmoniuli sayrdenis SegrZnebas. meore variantSi (2)

fraza (frazebi) kilos kvintiT (do-diezi) iwyeba,

romelsac mosdevs bgeraTa daRmavali moZraoba toni-
kamde (fa-diezi). aq, melodiis dasawyisSi, kilos
kvartas Caenacvla kvinta (do-diezi). amave dros kvin-
tis intervali (fa-diezi _ do-diezi) melodiis har-
moniul sayrdenad iqca. `qorbeRelas~ (an `laSaris
simReris~) mesame variantSi (3) diapazoni agreTve
kvintis intervals moicavs. frazebis dasawyisSi, erTi
mxriv, warmodgenilia melodiis daRmavali moZraoba
kilos kvintidan tonikamde, meore mxriv _ aRmavali,
kilos terciidan kvintamde, romelsac kvlav bgeraTa

*
Cems mier gaanalizebuli mravalricxovani musikaluri
teqstebidan winamdebare naSromSi mxolod tipiuri nimu-
Sebia warmodgenili.

20
daRmavali moZraoba mosdevs. melodiis am ori mimar-
Tulebis Sualeduri (gardamavali) formaa melodiis
dasawyisSi kilos kvintis Semzadeba kvartiT, anu bge-
raTa moZraoba kilos kvartidan kvintaSi, Semdeg ki,
daRmavali svla tonikaSi. gamoTqmulia mosazreba,
rom melodia, romlis dasawyisSi mocemulia bgeraTa
aRmavali moZraoba kilos terciidan kvintaSi, mogvia-
nebiT, TuSTa sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi, sekventurad
moZrav, mkveTr oTx frazad dayofil sacekvao xasia-
Tis simRerad Camoyalibda (3: 113-119).
saferxulo simRerebSi ritmul-intonaciurad
calkeuli melodiuri mimoqcevebisa Tu frazebis Ser-
Ceva cxadyofs, rom am simRerebis melodiur-intonaciu-
ri safuZveli bgeraTa daRmavali moZraobaa kilos
kvartidan tonikamde. amave safuZvels emyareba TuSuri
istoriul-sagmiro simRera `diklos movida~ (4).

intonaciurad da samwiladi metriT, es simRera

axlos dgas zemoxsenebul saferxuloebTan, gansa-
kuTrebiT _ #1 `qorbeRelasTan~. amave dros mas gaaC-
nia uSualo varianti `TuSo nu mixval xoSaras~ (5),
romlis melodia banSi nawilobriv emyareba gafarTo-
ebul VII safexurs.

21
 TuSuri `qorbeRelas~ (1, 2) variantia `mayruli~
(6). fiqroben, rom ferxulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
samwiladi zomisa da rbili sinkopis gamo, `mayruli~

im saferxuloTa rigs unda miekuTvnebodes, romle-

bic sruldeba qorwilSi, nefis saxlSi patarZlis
Sesvlisas da keris irgvliv Semovlis dros. ferxu-
lebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel zemoaRniSnul niSnebTan
erTad, taqtebis kenti ricxvi, daRmavali moZraoba
kilos kvintidan da kvintis kvartiT momzadeba, unda
migvaniSnebdnes am melodiis aRmosavleT saqarTve-
loSi ZvelTaganve gavrcelebaze (3: 110-111).
TuSur saferxulo simRerebTan mimarTebaSi sayu-
radReboa micvalebulis kultTan dakavSirebuli sam-

22
gloviaro simReris `dalas~ variantebi (7). #7.1 `da-
las~ pirveli fraza #2 `qorbeRelas~ uSualo va-
riantia. #7.2 `dalas~ pirvel frazaSi warmodgenilia
naxtomi kilos tercidan (si-bemoli) kvintaSi (re), Sem-
deg _ daRmavali svla tonikaSi (sol). melodiis da-
sawyisSi bgeraTa amgvari moZraobis gamo, `dalas~
uSualod ukavSireben `laSaris simReris~ (3) varian-
tebs (meore fraza). orive maTgans TiTqmis mTel saqar-
TveloSi gavrcelebuli saweso saferxulo simReris
`iavnanas~ martiv saxeobad miiCneven (3: 110-112, 151). am
simRerebs erTmaneTTan saerTo melodiur-intonaciuri
are akavSirebs.
TuSuri istoriul-sagmiro simRerebi melodiur-
intonaciur kavSirs avlens saferxuloebTan. aseTe-
bia magaliTad, `es Semodgomis xan movida~ (8.1), `pata-
ra davrCi oboli~ (8.2), `qalaq metexis cixeo~ (8.3),
`zezva gafrindauli~ (8.4), `TuSuri simRera~ (8.5). fiq-
roben, rom `TuSuri simReris~ kadansSi warmodgenili
melizmatikuri melodiuri mimoqceva, kaxuri sim-
Rerebis gavlenis Sedegia; kilos meoTxe safexuri (si),

23
romelzec agebulia es melodiuri mimoqceva, fraze-
bis SemaerTebeli intonaciaa (3: 80, 115). igi Tavs iC-
ens qarTlur simRerebSic (9).

zogierT frazaSi SeiniSneba melodiuri mimoqceve-

bis gafarToeba (10). aseT SemTxvevaSi musikaluri fra-
za, nacvlad leqsis erTi taepisa, or taeps moicavs.
frazis SigniT melodiur mimoqcevaTa gafarToeba,

axali frazebis warmoSobis da maTi SedarebiT did

formaSi gaerTianebis sawindaria. gafarToebuli me-
lodiuri mimoqcevebis safuZvelze warmoqmnili fra-
zebi sakmaod gamokveTilia da sabolood, oTxi fra-

24
zisagan Semdgar winadadebas qmnis. melodiis gafar-
Toeba kvintis diapazonSi mimdinareobs. xandaxan me-
lodiaSi Cndeba kilos meSvide safexuri (11), romelic

diapazons afarToebs seqstamde. am SemTxvevaSi igi

banis VII safexurad gaiazreba. kvintis diapazoniT
Semoifargleba agreTve im simRerebis melodiebi,
romlebic genetikurad dakavSirebulia TuSTa musika-
luri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZvelesi etapebis am-
saxvel simRerebTan (aseTebia magaliTad, `mecxvaris

simRera~ (12,1), `es Semodgoma movida~ (12,2), `jariska-

cis simRera~ (12.3) da sxv. rig simRerebSi _ `iaxsaris
simRera~ (13.1) `Samilis daWeris simRera~ (13.2) `joyo-
las simRera~ (13.3) _ melodiis diapazoni gafarToe-
bulia seqstamde da septimamde. simRerebSi _ `es Se-

25
modgomis xan movida (14.1) `zezva gafrindauli~ (14.2)
`movida giorgobisTve~ (14.3) da sxv. _ dominanturi
funqciis matarebeli kilos meore safexuri xSirad
xazgasmulia melodiis damaboloebeli axali fra-
ziT, an sakadanso frazis gameorebiT. musikaluri az-
ris damaboloebeli fraza xSir SemTxvevaSi gamoir-
Ceva tonikuri bgeris mravaljeradi gameorebiT.

yvela zemoxsenebuli erTxmiani simRerebi sakra-

vis TanxlebiT sruldeba (Tumca Cawerilia sakravis
Tanxlebis gareSe). TuS respodentTa (mTxrobelTa)
gadmocemiT, Tu xelT sakravi ara aqvT, simReras ba-
nis TanxlebiT asruleben. fandurs da garmons ara
mxolod akompanementis funqcia aqvT, aramed am sakra-
vebze xSirad gadatanilia melodiac. magaliTad, fan-
durze gadatanilia salamuris hangebi, romlebic
xmieri musikis tradiciazea Seqmnili. aseTebia simRe-

26
rebi `vacis gadayvanisas~ (15) da `vacis gadayvanis
Semdeg~ (16). arsebobs agreTve `vacis gaqeCvasTan~ da-
kavSirebuli simRera, romelic salamurzea Sesrule-
buli. SeniSnulia, rom es simRera sruldeba ara mxo-
lod cxvris gaqeCvisas (niSnavs garekvas, gaZRolas),
aramed _ cxvris mogrovebis drosac (aslaniSvili,
1956: 132; SilakaZe, 1970: 73). garmonze da balalaikaze
sruldeba TuSuri sacekvaoebi da melodiebi, magali-
Tad, `TuSuri sacekvao~ (17.1) `Zvelebuli sacekvao~
(17.2) da sxv.

27
 TuSebSi sakravebs Soris, didi upiratesobiT
sargeblobs garmoni, romelmac TuSTa sasimRero Se-
moqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili daimkvidra. gar-
monika an `buzika~ mTielTa samusiko praqtikaSi Semo-
tanilia Crdilokavkasiidan XIX saukuneSi. mTaSi am
sakravis sxvadasxva saxeobaa gavrcelebuli (38: XIX-
XX). gasul saukuneSi, TuSebSi gavrcelda balalai-
ka, romelic agreTve Crdilokavkasiidan unda iyos
TuSeTSi Semotanili. balalaika gavrcelebulia CaC-
neT-inguSeTsa da pankisis xeobis qistebSi. garmonis
akompanementi garkveulwilad unda Canacvleboda or-
xmian simRerebSi banis mTqmelis funqcias. Tavad TuSu-
ri melodiis instrumentuli xasiaTi (damxmare bgere-
bis uxvad gamoyeneba, melizmebi, ornamentika) axsnilia
masze sakravieri musikis gavleniT (3: 124; 38: XVII).

28
 TuSuri simRerebi ZiriTadad minorul _ eoliur
da frigiul kiloebSi sruldeba. frigiul kiloSi
SeiniSneba gadidebuli sekunda kilos meore da mesa-
me safexurebs Soris, iSviaTad Cndeba doriuli ki-
lo. aseTTa Sorisaa magaliTad `Samilis daWeris
simRera~ (18.1), `movida giorgobisTve~ da sxva (18.2).
TuSuri simRerebi orxmiania. erTxmian simRerebSi xan-
daxan faruli orxmianoba iCens Tavs. magaliTad, sim-
ReraSi `unda mogwero werili~ (19.1), frazebis dasaw-
yisSi mocemuli kilos tonika (re) melodiis harmo-

29
niul sayrdenad gaiazreba. sayuradReboa, rom sim-
ReraSi ar xdeba tonikuri bgeris droebiTi Canac-
vleba kilos meSvide (dominanturi) safexuriT. msgav-
si magaliTi gvxvdeba sakravis (garmonis) TanxlebiT
Sesrulebul simReraSi `me var da Cemi nabadi~ (19.2),
romlis pirveli winadadebis harmoniuli sayrdeni ki-
los tonikaa (la). simReraSi `SiraqSi wasvlas ambo-
ben~ (19.3), winadadebis bolos Cndeba kilos meSvide
safexuri, romelic banis VII safexuris funqcias
iZens. mravalxmianobis TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa
samgloviaro simRera `dala~ (19.4), romelic faruli
orxmianobis nimuSia. igi mTqmelis da gundis monac-
vleobiT sruldeba. niSandoblivia mosazreba imis
Sesaxeb, rom gundi ar imeorebs damwyebis melodias,
aramed mis mier Sesrulebuli nawili melodizirebu-
li Sebanebaa, romelic I-VII safexurebzea agebuli
(28: 78. SeadareT 32: 80-81). TuSur saferxulo simRereb-
Tan mimarTebaSi aRsaniSnavia fSauri saqorwilo sa-
ferxulo `jvaris winasa~. variantebidan (20) Cans, rom

30
`jvaris winas~ melodia gafarToebulia kilos kvinti-
dan septimamde. fSauri `jvaris winas~ (21.1) Sedareba
TuSur `qorbeRelasTan~ (21..2) ueWvelad migvaniSnebs

maT saerTo melodiul-intonaciur warmomavlobaze.

`qorbeRelasagan~ gansxvavebiT fSaur saferxulos
axasiaTebs ritmuli SeCereba frazis bolos, frigiu-
li kilos meore safexurze, ris gamoc win aris wamo-
weuli gadidebuli kvartis intervali kilos kvinta-
sa da dadablebul meore safexurs Soris.

31
 fSauri `ferxisebi~ `jvaris winas~ uSualo vari-
antebia (22). `jvaris winas~ intonaciebzea agebuli
fSauri `leqsoba~ (23), romlis melodia kvintis dia-
pazons moicavs. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia ritmulad
myari sakadanso safexurebis (VII, I) xelmeored gameo-
reba, rac fSauri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel in-
tonaciur saqcevs qmnis.

fSaur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani ad-

gili eTmoba sayofacxovrebo simRerebs _ `fSaurebs~,
romlebic saferxuloebis tradiciazea Seqmnili.
maT Soris #24.1 intonaciurad uSualod enaTesaveba
`jvaris winas~ musikalur teqstebs. maTgan gansxvave-
biT `fSauri~ TxrobiTi xasiaTis melodiaa, romlis
metri ganusazRvrelia. `fSauris~ variantebi (24.2, 3)
gamoiCeva ornamentikiT _ farTo melodiuri svlebiT
da ritmuli naxazebiT. saferxulo simRerebis analo-
giurad, `fSaurebi~ sruldeba ori mTqmelisa da mo-

32
baneTa monacvleobiT. `fSaurebis~ variantia satrfia-
lo simRera `qalo~ (25).

zemoxsenebul simRerebSi winadadebis bolos Se-

niSnulia mokle frazis arseboba, romelic wina frazis
an damaboloebeli melodiuri mimoqcevis gameorebaa (3:
46). igi `leqsobaSi~ (23) warmodgenili kadansis ganviTa-
rebuli formaa, romelic simReris ZiriTad nawilTan
erTad, fSauri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel intona-
ciur Taviseburebas qmnis. aRsaniSnavia, rom damaboloe-
bel frazebSi banis VII safexuri, yvela SemTxvevaSi, me-
lodias uerTdeba kilos meore safexurze da wydeba
tonikaSi. fSaur simRerebSi gabatonebulia minoruli
kiloebi, iSviaTad Cndeba miqsolidiuri kilo. frigiul
kilos axasiaTebs frazebis bolos mocemuli mcire se-
kunda, romlis simyaris gamo melodiur monakveTebSi
Cndeba gadidebuli kvartis JReradoba kilos kvintasa
da meore safexurs Soris. am kilos variantebi iqmneba
terciisa da seqstis SecvliT. didi terciis gamoyenebis

33
SemTxvevaSi, melodiis daRmavali moZraobisas Cndeba ga-
didebuli sekunda kilos meore da mesame safexurebs
Soris, xolo didi seqsta (warmoqmnili meeqvse safexu-
ris amaRlebis Sedegad) qmnis gadidebul kvintas (10: 9;
3: 44-45; 38: XVIII; 17: 66-68, 70). droTa ganmavlobaSi dam-
kvidrebulma fSauri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma
niSnebma gansazRvra misi xalxuri saxelwodeba `fSau-
ri~ an `fSauri kilo~. `fSauri kilos~ profesiul musi-
kaSi damkvidreba ukavSirdeba kompozitor Salva mSve-
liZis saxels. aRsaniSnavia, rom sayofacxovrebo simRe-
rebi `fSaurebi~, amave saxelwodebiT gavrcelebulia
xevsureTSi, gudamayarsa da mTiuleTSi.
analizis Sedegad irkveva, rom zemoxsenebuli
fSauri simRerebi enaTesaveba saferxulo simRerebs,
romlebic, Tavis mxriv, uSualo melodiur-intonaci-
ur kavSirSia TuSur saferxuloebTan.

fSauri `ferxisebis~ analogiurad xevsuruli

`ferxisulebisaTvis~ damaxasiaTebelia frigiuli ki-
lo, ritmuli SeCereba kilos meore safexurze, gadi-
debuli kvartis JReradoba kilos meore da mexuTe sa-
fexurebs Soris. xevsuruli `ferxisulebi~ farTo dia-
pazoniT gamoirCeva, melodia zogjer oqtavis diapazons

34
moicavs. xevsuruli istoriul-sagmiro simRera `zenaiT
ibarebian~ (27.1) sqematurad imeorebs TuSur, fSaur da
xevsurul saferxuloebs. igi eoliur kiloSi srulde-
ba, Tumca mis uSualo variantSi `Satil movidis laSqa-
ri~ (27.2) SeiniSneba frigiul kiloSi gadaxra. `simRera
xaxmatze~ (28), romelic sayofacxovrebo xasiaTisaa, me-
lodiur-intonaciurad TiTqmis imeorebs saferxuloebs.

xevsurul sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi gamoirCeva

rigi saweso da istoriul-sagmiro simRerebisa _
`jvarionis simRera~ (28.1), `beRliskruli~ (28.2), `sa-
qorwino simRera~ (28.3), `gvaris simRera~ (29.4), `koba
ciskarauli~ (29.5) (romlis Tanmxlebi fanduris akom-
panementidan Cans, rom melodiis sayrdeni kvartaa
(re-sol)), `Tasze mRera~ (29.6), `urjulo rjuli~
(29.7). musikaluri wyobis TvalsazrisiT am simRerebis
melodia miCneulia qarTuli musikaluri fol-
kloris uZveles formad. SeniSnulia, rom bgeraTa

35
daRmavali moZraobis dros melodiis damaxasiaTebel
intonacias warmoadgens svla qveviT, terciis saSua-
lebiT kvartisaken (fa _ re _ do; do _ si-bemol _
sol), rac frazebs pentatonikur JReradobas sZens (3:
26-27; 31: 19-20). zemoxsenebul deklamaciuri xasiaTis
simRerebSi Cans Camoyalibebuli kiloebrivi azrovne-
ba, romelmac reliqtis saxiT Semoinaxa musikaluri
gamomsaxvelobis uZvelesi forma _ anhemitonuri pen-
tatonika. am mxriv sayuradReboa samxmiani fanduris
sekundur-terciuli wyoba (do-re-fa), romelic Zale-
biani sakravis wyobebis ganviTarebis erT-erTi etapia. ri-
gi xevsuruli istoriul-sagmiro Tu sayofacxovrebo

36
simRerebisa, xevsurTa ganmartebiT `fSaurad~ srul-
deba. magaliTad, istoriul-sagmiro simRerebSi (30.1,2)
frazebis bolos mocemul kadansebSi SeiniSneba fSa-
uri `leqsobis~ (23) gavlena. xevsureTSi gavrcelebu-
li sayofacxovrebo simRerebi, `fSauris~ saxelwode-
biT, ornamentikiT da intonaciurad uaxlovdeba fSa-
ur `fSaurebs~ (31), im gansxvavebiT, rom xevsurulSi
ar xdeba frazisa Tu frazis damaboloebeli melo-
diuri mimoqcevis gameoreba misi xazgasmis mizniT.
garda amisa, fSaur `fSaurebSi~ Cndeba frigiuli ki-
los variantebi.

fSauri da xevsuruli saferxulo da nawilob-

riv istoriul-sagmiro simRerebi genetikur kavSirSia
TuSur saferxuloebTan. TuSurisagan gansxvavebiT
fSauri da xevsuruli simRerebis Semdgomi melodi-
ur-intonaciuri da harmoniuli ganviTareba erTxans
saerTo gziT mimdinareobs. ufro mogvianebiT, fSauri
sasimRero Semoqmedeba scildeba xevsuruls da uC-
ndeba garkveuli melodiur-intonaciuri da harmoniu-
li Taviseburebani, romlebic mxolod misTvis, fSau-
ri simRerebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.

37
 gudamayrul saferxuloebs Soris (32.1,2) yurad-
Rebas iqcevs samxmiani simRera `jvaris winasa~ (32.1)
romlis ZiriTadi melodia (meore xma) moicavs kvar-
tis an kvintis diapazons. magaliTidan Cans, rom me-
lodiur-intonaciurad `jvaris winasa~ genetikur kav-
SirSia TuSur da fSav-xevsurul saferxulo simRe-
rebTan. gansakuTrebiT sawyisi bgerebiT pirveli wina-
dadeba axlos dgas `qorbeRelas~ (1) da `mayrulis~
(6.1, 2) variantebTan. maTgan gansxvavebiT, gudamayrul
saferxuloSi la kilos meore safexuri, romelic
banSi VII safexurs emyareba, xazgasmulia axali, dama-
boloebeli frazis saxiT. `jvaris winas~ variantSi
melodiis diapazoni gafarToebulia seqstamde. guda-
mayruli samxmiani `ferxisas~ (33) melodia `jvaris
winas~ musikaluri teqstebis variantia.

gudamayarSi gavrcelebuli `fSaurebi~ (34)

struqturulad xevsurul `fSaurebs~ enaTesaveba.

38
 mTiuluri simRerebis or da samxmian varianteb-
Si ZiriTadi melodia uSualo kavSirSia gudamayrul
saferxuloebTan (35). mTiuluri `jvaris winasa~ (35.5),
frazis bolos mocemuli ritmulad myari meore sa-
fexuriT (si-bemoli) da gadidebuli kvartis JRera-
dobiT (la kilos meore da mexuTe safexurebs So-
ris) xevsuruli `ferxisulis~ da fSauri `jvaris wi-

39
nas~ variantebs enaTesaveba. mTiuluri `jvaris winas~
(35.5) intonaciebzea agebuli Sromis simRera `namglu-
ri~ (36). samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia xevsu-
ruli, fSauri da mTiuluri saferxuloebisa da `nam-

gluris~ urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb (36: 46-47; 37: 43; 2:

281-282; 17: 158-161). saferxulo simRerebidan momdina-
rea agreTve `namgluri~ (37.1) da sayofacxovrebo sim-
Rera `Roro qedano~ (37.2).

40
 mTiuluri `lomisuri~ (35.4) sruldeba ara mxo-
lod ferxulSi, aramed saweso simReris saxiTac.
mTxrobelTa gadmocemiT saweso simRera `lomisuri~
(38.1), mTiuluri `jvaris winas~ (38.2) `xmaze~ srulde-
ba. es ukanaskneli moxeuri `didebis~ (38.3) uSualo
variantia. mTiulur simRerebs axasiaTebs musikaluri
gamomsaxvelobis Taviseburi forma, romliTac igi
gansxvavdeba ara mxolod gudamayruli, aramed _ mo-
xeuri simRerebisagan. magaliTad, mTiulur `ferxisa-
Si~ (39) yoveli meore winadadeba banSi emyareba ga-
farToebul VII safexurs, romelic ganamtkicebs wina
winadadebaSi mocemul banis VII safexurs. amave dros
winadadebebs Soris warmoiqmneba dialogi.

41
 mTiuluri saweso simReris `lomisis jvrisa~
(40) Sua xmaSi SeiniSneba `iavnanas~ intonaciuri gav-
lena. mTiulur simRerebs Soris sayuradReboa sayo-
facxovrebo simRera `fSauri~ (41), romelic struqtu-
rulad da intonaciurad zemoT warmodgenil `fSau-
rebs~ ukavSirdeba.

mTiuleTSi gavrcelebulia rigi qarTluri sim-

Rerebisa: `berikaci~, `CavuxteT baraTaSvilsa~, `gaf-
rindi Savo mercxalo~ da sxv. (38: XVIII).
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa saferxulo
simRerebs Soris sainteresoa moxeuri `gergetula~ (42),
romlis ZiriTadi melodiuri qsovili kvartis an kvin-
tis diapazons moicavs. igi genetikur kavSirSia aRmo-
savleT saqarTvelos mTielTa saferxuloebTan.

42
`gergetulas~ gaaCnia uSualo variantebi, maT Soris
_ `saferxulo~ (43.1). moxeur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi

damkvidrebulia saweso saferxulo simRera `iavnana~

(44.1). melodiis intonaciuri mxare migvaniSnebs, rom

momReralma (romlis mier Sesrulebulia ZiriTadi

melodia) erTmaneTs SeuTavsa `iavnanas~ samxmiani va-
riantis ZiriTadi da zeda, pirveli xmebi. es naTlad
Cans misi Sedarebisas qarTlur `iavnanasTan~ (44.2).
`iavnanas~ melodiis Zlieri gavlena SeiniSneba moxe-
ur samxmian saqorwilo simReraSi `joruli~ (`jvaru-
li~) (45.1), romlis Sua xma ZiriTadad `iavnanas~ me-
lodiazea agebuli; sufrul simReraSi `smuri~ (45.2),
Sromis simReraSi `mTibluri~ (45.3), romlis uSualo
variantia `arale~ (45.4). `iavnanas~ melodiam mniSvne-
lovani roli Seasrula moxeuri sasimRero Semoqme-
debis Semdgom ganviTarebaSi.

43
 zemoT warmodgenili sailustracio masala mra-
valmxrivaa saintereso: gamovlinda aRmosavleT sa-
qarTvelos mTielTa saferxulo simRerebis genetiku-
ri erToba, romlis safuZvelia kvartis diapazonis
momcveli hangi `minoruli~ JReradobiT da bgeraTa
daRmavali moZraobiT kilos kvartidan tonikamde. va-
riantebSi gamoirCeva met-naklebad gansxvavebuli
ritmul-intonaciuri gamomsaxvelobiT. es fuZe-hangi
an melodiuri formula Tavs iCens istoriul-sagmi-
ro da sayofacxovrebo simRerebSi, romlebic qar-

44
TvelTa musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZveles
etapebs asaxavs. masalaSi Cans, fuZe-hangis TandaTano-
biTi gafarToebis gzebi. melodiis dasawyisSi, igi
gafarToebulia bgeraTa aRmavali svliT kilos kvar-
tidan an tercidan kvintamde, daRmavali moZraobiT
kvintidan (seqstidan, septimidan, oqtavidan) tonikam-
de. melodiis gafarToebis Sedegad Tavdapirveli fu-
Ze-hangi inacvlebs simReris daskvniT nawilSi. swo-
red es melodiuri formula an fuZe-hangi unda iyos
daleqili simRerebis daskvniT nagebobebSi. kilos
kvartis kvintiT Senacvleba gardamavli formaa daR-
mavali da aRmavali mimarTulebis mqone melodiebs
Soris, magram amave dros igi simReris damaxasiaTe-
bel intonaciur Taviseburebas qmnis ise, rogorc
bgeraTa aRmavali moZraoba kilos terciidan kvinta-
mde. analizma gamoavlina, fuZe-hangis Semdgomi ganvi-
Tarebis procesi, rac aRiniSneba frazis SigniT me-
lodiuri mimoqcevebis TandaTanobiTi gafarToebiT
da maTi ufro did formaSi _ winadadebaSi gaerTia-
nebiT. fuZe-hangis gafarToeba imavdroulad misi di-
ferenciaciis sawindari gaxda. melodiur-intonaciu-
ri Taviseburebani, romlebic fuZe-hangis gafarToebis
Sedegad warmoiqmna, mogvianebiT calkeuli musikaluri
dialeqtebis erT-erT ganmsazRvrel niSnad iqca.

* * *
TuSuri erTxmiani saferxulo `qorbeRela~ fan-
duris TanxlebiT sruldeba. fSauri da xevsuruli
saferxuloebi (`ferxisuli~, `ferxisa~) orxmiania,
gudamayruli, mTiuluri da moxeuri _ ori da samxmi-
ani. fSauri saferxulos `jvaris winas~ musikalur
teqstebSi (46.1), banSi VII safexuri Cndeba frazis da-
sasruls, melodiaSi mocemul kilos meore safexur-
Tan kavSirSi da wydeba tonikaSi. fSaur `ferxisaSi~
(46.2) kilos meore safexuri gafarToebulia. xevsu-
rul `ferxisulSi~ (47.1). banSi VII safexuri Cndeba
kilos gafarToebul meore safexurze, romelic Ziri-

45
Tadad imeorebs melodias. `ferxisulis~ ori danar-
Ceni variantidan (47.2,3), erTSi calkeuli frazebi, me-
oreSi ki yvela fraza banSi emyareba gafarToebul
VII safexurs, romelic frazis bolos kvlav ubrun-
deba Tavdapirveli kilos tonikas. musikaluri masa-
lidan Cans, rom banis VII safexuri melodiis gafar-
Toebis Sesabamisad TandaTan farTovdeba da melodi-
is ZiriTadi harmoniuli sayrdenis saxiT warmoCnde-

46
ba, ufro swored igi nawilobriv kargavs VII safexu-
ris funqcias da ormagi funqciis matarebeli xdeba:
erTi mxriv, gafarToebuli VII safexuria frazis bo-
los warmodgenili ZiriTadi kilos I safexuris mi-
marT, meore mxriv _ axali kilos I safexuria, Tumca
igi srul damoukideblobas ver aRwevs. aqedan ga-
momdinare, sakadanso svla garkveulwilad modula-
ciuri kadansis elfers iZens (I=VII I), kerZod, Cndeba
qarTuli (eoliuri) kadansi. zemoT ganxiluli maga-
liTebidan SesaZlebelia Tvali gavadevnoT erTi
garkveuli kilos mqone melodiaSi axali kilos war-
moqmnisa da modulaciuri kadansis Casaxvis process.
msgavsi magaliTebi, romlebSic melodia banSi emyare-
ba gafarToebul VII safexurs, gvxvdeba gudamayrul
(48.1), mTiulur (48.2) da moxeur (48.3) simRerebSi. amave
dros irkveva, rom banis VII safexuris gafarToebam

47
win wamoswia (48: 1, 2, 3) doriuli da miqsolidiuri
kiloebi. mTiulur saferxulo da sxva saweso simRe-
rebSi, gansxvavebiT gudamayrulisagan da moxeurisa-
gan, yoveli meore winadadeba banSi agreTve gafarTo-
ebul VII safexurs emyareba, magram am SemTxvevaSi igi
ganamtkicebs pirvel winadadebaSi mocemul banis VII
safexurs (48.3). moxeur saferxuloSi `gergetula~
(48.3) zogierTi fraza sruldeba Tavdapirvel sol
kiloSi, danarCeni _ banis VII safexurs emyareba, ro-
melic imavdroulad gaiazreba rogorc fa kilos I
safexuri. moxeuri `saferxulos~ (49) banSi gabatone-
bulia gafarToebuli VII safexuri (sol), romelic

agreTve damoukidebeli kilos I safexuris funqcias

iZens. frazis dasawyisSi banSi warmodgenili bgera
si-bemoli, ganixileba rogorc sol kilos I safexu-
ris tercia, romelic Semdeg taqtSi gadadis I safe-
xuris primaSi (sol). mexuTe taqtSi sol kilos I sa-
fexuri, Tavis mxriv, iCens VII safexurs (fa), Tumca
sakadanso svla Tavdapirveli la kilos I safexurSi
cvlis funqcionalur urTierTdamokidebulebas wina-
re safexurTa Soris: sol kilos VII safexuri ic-
vlis funqcias la kilos I safexuris mimarT da gar-
daiqmneba mis VI safexurad, xolo sol kilos I safe-
xuri _ mis VII safexurad, rac ganapirobebs sakadan-
so svlaSi banis safexurTa Semdeg Tanmimdevrobas:
sol kilos VII = la kilos VI VII I. aRsaniSnavia,
rom `saferxuloSi~ modulaciis Sedegad miRebuli
la kilos VI safexuri (fa-la) imavdroulad garkve-
ul damoukideblobas iZens imis gamo, rom misi mom-
devno VII safexuri, romelic warmodgenilia primisa

48
da terciis saxiT (sol _ si-bemoli), meryeobs la ki-
los VI da I safexurebs Soris. garda amisa, VI safexu-
ri mocemulia taqtis Zlier droze da damoukidebeli
kilos I safexuris niSnebs iZens, ris gamoc Cndeba
frigiuli kadansis Canasaxi (I II III(I)). SemdegSi, msgav-
sad banSi VII safexuris gafarToebisa, VI safexuris
gafarToebis safuZvelze yalibdeba frigiuli kadansi.
amgvarad, xevsurul, fSaur, gudamayrul, mTiu-
lur da moxeur simRerebSi gamovlinda banSi domi-
nanturi funqciis matarebeli safexuris (VII) gafar-
Toebis erTgvarovani gza; axali kiloebis da, Sesaba-
misad, modulaciuri kadansebis warmoqmnis procesi.
imave dros, gudamayrul, mTiulur da moxeur safer-
xulo simRerebSi, banis VII safexuris gafarToebis
Sedegad, axali musikaluri nageboba warmoiqmneba. ma-
galiTad, moxeur `gergetulaSi~ (50) banis VII safexu-
ri (droebiTi fa kilos I safexuri, frazis bolos,
Tavdapirvel sol kilosTan mimarTebaSi kvlav VII
safexuris funqcias iZens) kilos meore safexurTan
erTad warmodgenilia sakadanso nagebobis saxiT; sam-

xmian saweso simReraSi `dideba~ (51) (romelic melo-

diur-intonaciurad saferxuloebs ukavSirdeba), VII
safexuri gafarToebulia da win wamoweulia axali
musikaluri nagebobis saxiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi ZiriTa-
di melodia gadaadgildeba simReris Sesaval nawilSi.

49
igive SeiniSneba gudamayrul (`jvris winasa~ (52.1, 2),
`saferxulo~ (52.3)) da mTiulur (`saferxulo~ (52.4,
5), `jvaris winasa~ (52.6)) simRerebSi.

50
musikaluri masalidan Cans, rom ZiriTadi melodia
TandaTan gadaadgildeba simReris Sesaval nawilSi
da adgils uTmobs banis VII safexurze warmoqmnil
axal musikalur nagebobas. igi damoukidebeli melo-
diis saxiT Tavs iCens aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ba-
ris simRerebSi, kerZod, qarTluri `jvaris winas~ va-
riantebSi (53.1, 2) melodia banSi emyareba ga-

farToebul VII safexurs, romelic axali kilos I

safexuris funqcias iZens. pirvel variantSi sol ki-
lo yoveli frazis bolos ubrundeba Tavdapirvel

51
la kilos. meore variantSi, frazebis bolos, banSi,
sol kilos I safexuri warmodgenilia primis da
terciis saxiT (sol _ si-bemoli), ris gamoc igi gai-
azreba rogorc fa kilos II safexuri. `mgzavruli
mayruli~ (54) `jvaris winas~ musikaluri teqstebis
variantia. aqac, banSi Tavdapirveli sol kilos I sa-
fexuri (sol _ si-bemoli) axali fa kilos II safexu-
ris funqcias iZens. simRera dasrulebulia rTuli

modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis variantiT, romelic

safexurTa Semdeg Tanmimdevrobas moicavs: I fa kilo,
II I-3 I si-bemol kilo.
zemoT warmodgenili qarTluri musikaluri ma-
sala uflebas gvaZlevs vifiqroT, rom saweso safer-
xulo simReris `jvaris winas~ musikaluri teqsti
odesRac saerTo unda yofiliyo aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos mTisa da baris mosaxleobisaTvis. harmoniul
elementTa Semdgomi ganviTarebis procesSi, baris va-
riantebSi Tavdapirvel melodias TandaTan Caenacvla
axali musikaluri nageboba. orxmian variantebSi, ba-
nis VII safexurze warmoqmnil am musikalur nagebo-
bebSi ZiriTadi melodia zeda xmaSia, samxmian varian-
tebSi _ Sua, meore xmaSi; melodiur-intonaciurad
igi genetikur kavSirSia fuZe-hangTan, romelic sa-
fuZvlad daedo saferxuloebs da saerTod, aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos mTielTa mTel sasimRero Semoqme-
debas. es musikaluri nageboba am SemTxvevaSi meoradi
movlenaa, romelic warmoiqmna musikaluri azrovne-
bis ganviTarebis SedarebiT maRal safexurze.
zemoT ganxiluli simRerebis magaliTze SesaZ-
lebelia Tvali gavadevnoT harmoniul elementTa
ganviTarebis process, maT mWidro urTierkavSirs. na-

52
Telia, rom erTi harmoniuli elementis win wamoweva
sxva danarCen harmoniul elementTa axali formebis
warmoqmnis da Camoyalibebis sawindaria. analizma
gamoavlina, erTi mxriv, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTi-
elTa simRerebSi banis VII safexuris gafarToebis sa-
erTo gza. meore mxriv _ gudamayrul, mTiulur da mo-
xeur simRerebSi, gansxvavebiT fSauri da xevsuruli-
sagan, sakadanso nawilis TandaTanobiTi gafarToebisa
da axali musikaluri nagebobis Camoyalibebis procesi.
qarTvelTa musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
uZvelesi formebi micvalebulis kultTan dakavSire-
bul natirlebSi vlindeba. am mxriv sayuradReboa
TuSuri `xmiT natiralis~ variantebi. musikaluri ma-
salidan irkveva, rom `xmiT natirlebSi~ frazebi moi-
cavs kvartis, kvintis an seqstis diapazons (55)*. naTe-
lia, rom `xmiT natirlebis~ intonaciuri safuZveli
kvartis diapazonis mqone hangia. miuxedavad imisa,
rom natirlebi mReriTi deklamaciis xasiaTs ata-
rebs, frazebSi SeiniSneba bgeraTa talRiseburi moZ-
raoba; melodiis diapazonis gafarToeba; winadade-
bis damaboloebeli fraza, romelic xazs usvams wina
frazaSi warmodgenil sakadanso melodiur mimoqce-
vas; gadidebuli sekunda kilos meore da mesame safe-

* #1-8 `xmiT natirali~ Cemi TxovniT Caiwera istoriis

mecnierebaTa doqtorma nanuli azikurma (TuSeTi, 1976 w.),
ris gamoc mas madlobas vuxdi.

53
xurebs Soris. melodiur-intonaciuri kavSiri vlin-
deba ara mxolod zemoxsenebul variantebs Soris,
aramed _ im simRerebTan, romlebic musikaluri az-
rovnebis ganviTarebis uZvelesi etapebis amsaxvelia
(`qorbeRela~, `mayruli~, `ferxuli~, `jvris winasa~,
`akvnis nana~, `diklos movida da sxv.).
TuSeTSi gavrcelebulia calkeuli pirebis mi-
er Seqmnili samgloviaro simRerebi, romlebic gada-
tanilia garmonze. aseTebia: `anikos tirili~ (56.1),
`wova qalis tirili~ (56.2), `wova qalis tirili
Svilze~ (56.3).

54
 xevsuruli tirilebi _ `daTvliT~ (57.1, 2, 3, 4).
`ZaxiliT~ (57.5, 6) da `xmiT~ (57.7, 8, 9, 10) gamoirCeva
farTo diapazoniT. melodiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
bgeraTa daRmavali moZraoba kilos umaRlesi bgeri-
dan tonikamde. aqac Cndeba gadidebuli sekunda ki-

55
los meore da mesame safexurebs Soris. xevsurul
tirilebs Soris aRsaniSnavia `ZaxiliT tirilis~
(58.1) erT-erTi varianti, romlis Sedareba TuSur

`xmiT natiralTan~ (58.2) miuTiTebs natirlebis saer-

To intonaciur warmomavlobaze.
xevsurul `xmiT natirlebSi~ TiToeuli musika-
luri strofis Tanmxlebi qviTini, SemdegSi misamRe-
ris saxiT Camoyalibda. dadgenilia, rom igi strofe-

56
bis SemaerTebeli bgeraa an _ melodiuri mimoqceva,
romelic yvela SemTxvevaSi agebulia kilos meoTxe sa-
fexurze (3: 40). es ukanaskneli kilos tonikasTan er-
Tad aRiqmeba rogorc melodiis harmoniuli sayrdeni.
`xmiT natirlebma~ gansakuTrebuli roli Seas-
rula `mTiblurebis~ musikaluri teqstebis formire-
baSi (59.1, 2). xevsureTSi, TibvaSi Sesrulebul `xmiT
natirals~ `gvrini~ ewodeba (59.3). S. aslaniSvili mas
moixseniebs `samgloviaros~ saxelwodebiT (3: 32). mi-
sive sityvieri ganmartebiT, igi TibvaSi Sesrulebu-
li `gvrinis~ musikaluri teqstia.

musikaluri teqstebis analizi migvaniSnebs, rom

`gvrini~, rogorc Cans, garkveuli periodidan dacil-
da `xmiT natirals~ da Sualeduri adgili daikava
`xmiT natirlebsa~ da sakuTriv `mTiblurebs~ Soris.
dadgenilia, rom leqsTwyobis TvalsazrisiT mTib-
lurebi `xmiT natirlebis~ identuria da meoradi
movlenaa, natirlebis tradiciaze warmoqmnili (29:
427-428). `mTiblurebsa~ da `xmiT natirlebs~ Soris
uSualo musikalur-intonaciuri kavSiri arsebobs.
siZvelis mxriv, maT Soris upiratesoba `mTiblurebs~
eniWeba (3: 34-35). mTibluri simRerebi ganviTarebuli

57
struqturiT gamoirCeva. winadadeba ramdenime (sam an
oTx) frazas moicavs, romelTa talRiseburi moZraoba
mTiblurebs met musikalur gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs.

fSauri mTiblurebi (60.1, 2) musikalur-intonaciu-

rad agreTve fSaur `xmiT natirlebs~ enaTesaveba (60.3).

xevsurulma sasimRero Semoqmedebam Semoinaxa is-

toriul-sagmiro simRerebis (61.1, 2) uSualo intona-
ciuri kavSiri natirlebTan (61.3, 4). imavdroulad rig
istoriul-sagmiro simRerebSi SeiniSneba saferxulo-
ebis melodiur-intonaciuri gavlena.
`natirlebi~ ZiriTadad eoliur da frigiul (iS-
viTad doriul) kiloebSi sruldeba. es is uZvelesi
kiloebia, romlebic safuZvlad daedo ara mxolod

58
natirlebs, aramed saferxuloebs da saerTod, aRmo-
savleT saqarTvelos mTielTa sasimRero Semoqmedebas.
musikaluri masala mowmobs, rom natirlebis me-
lodiur-intonaciuri safuZveli kvartis diapazonis
mqone fuZe-hangia. igi mkafiod Cans TuSur `xmiT na-
tirlebSi~. masalis analizi safuZvels gvaZlevs vi-
varaudoT, rom `xmiT natirlebma~ saferxuloebTan
erTad arsebiTi roli Seasrula fuZe-hangis formi-
rebasa da Semdgom ganviTarebaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom
saferxuloebi, xmiT natirlebisagan gansxvavebiT, me-
lodiur-intonaciuri da harmoniuli ganviTarebis
ufro mdidari gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT gamoirCe-
va. miuxedavad imisa, rom `xmiT natirlebSi~, sityvier
teqstebTan erTad, arsebiTia musikalur-intonaciuri
mxare, isini ar sclideba mReriT deklamacias, ver
aRwevs im farTo SesaZleblobebs, romlebic safer-
xulo simRerebs axasiaTebs.
kvartis diapazonis mqone melodiuri formula
akvnis nanebSi vlindeba. qvemoT sailustraciod war-
movadgenT TuSur musikalur masalas (62. 1-14).

59
60
 `nana~ #1 sruldeba kvartis diapazonSi. yoveli
fraza iwyeba kilos kvartiT (mi-bemoli) da bgeraTa
daRmavali svliT mTavrdeba kilos tonikiT (si-bemo-
li). kvartis (mi-bemoli) Semdeg, ritmuli SeCereba ki-
los terciaze (re-bemoli), rac mis gameorebaSi ga-
moixateba, bgeraTa daRmaval moZraobas mReradobas
sZens. kvartis diapazoniT da bgeraTa daRmavali
moZraobiT `nana~ #1 axlos dgas magaliTad, simRe-
rebTan `diklos movida~ (4) da `qorbeRela~ (5). #2
`nanas~ melodia iwyeba kilos kvartiT (fa) da mra-
valjeradi ganmeorebis Semdeg Camodis sekundiT qve-
viT, kilos ritmulad myar terciaSi (mi-bemoli). aq
mTavrdeba melodiis pirveli nawili. meore, daskvni-
Ti nawili iwyeba kilos terciiT (mi-bemoli), mas mos-
devs bgera do forSlagiT, romelic kvlav afarTo-
ebs melodiis am nawils kvartamde, da Semdeg, bgere-
bi sekunduri moZraobiT Camodis tonikaSi (do). amgva-
rad, #1 `nanasagan~ gansxvavebiT, #2 ufro gafarTo-
ebulia. #3 `nanaSi~ melodia winadadebamde farTov-
deba. pirveli fraza iwyeba kilos kvartiT (mi), rome-
lic TandaTan Camodis tonikaSi (si). meore fraza mo-
icavs bgeraTa daRmaval svlas kilos terciidan (re)
tonikamde (si). #2 `nanasagan~ gansxvavebiT, igi melo-
diaSi sakadanso svlas ganamtkicebs. igive SeiniSneba
#4 `nanaSi~. masSi meore fraza, romelSic melodia
sekunduri moZraobiT, kilos terciidan (re) Cadis
tonikaSi (si-bemoli), ganamtkicebs winare frazaSi Zi-
riTadi melodiis sakadanso svlas. imavdroulad,
SesaZloa, aRniSnuli fraza SemdegSi safuZvlad dae-
do `nanas~ axal variantebs. igi Tavisi SinaarsiT
esatyviseba, magaliTad, gudamayrul, mTiulur da mo-
xeur saferxulo simRerebSi banis VII safexurze war-
moqmnil sakadanso nagebobas. msgavsi viTarebaa #5
`nanaSi~, romlis melodia kilos terciidan (fa) bge-
raTa daRmavali svliT Cadis kilos tonikaSi (re).
#6-11 `nanas~ variantebSi diapazoni kvlav gafarTo-
ebulia kvartamde. maT Soris oTxi maTganis frazebSi

61
xazgasmulia kilos meore safexuri. igi gaiazreba
rogorc melodiis harmoniuli sayrdeni, romelic
frazebis bolos wydeba kilos tonikaSi. #11 `nanas~
uSualo variantia #12, romlis diapazoni gafarToe-
bulia kvintamde (si _ fa-diezi). #14 `nana~ melodi-
ur-intonaciurad `qorbeRelas~ (2) enaTesaveba.
xevsuruli `nanas~ (63.1-7) pirveli ori varianti
(63.1, 2) sruldeba kvartis diapazonSi. oTxjer gameo-
rebuli fraza, romelsac leqsis ori striqoni See-
sabameba, qmnis erT musikalur strofs. #2 `nanas~ Ti-

62
Toeuli fraza mTavrdeba kilos meore safexuriT
(re), romelsac Semdegi frazis dasawyisSi mosdevs
tonika (do). es ukanaskneli, kilos meoTxe safexur-
Tan (fa) erTad melodiis harmoniuli sayrdenia. igi
erTdroulad warmoadgens winare frazis dasasruls
da momdevno frazis dasawyiss da, amgvarad, frazebis
SemaerTebuli bgeris funqcias iZens. musikaluri
strofebis bolos, leqsis striqonis Sesabamisad, mo-
cemuli ritmulad myari kilos meore safexuri (re)
funqcias icvlis da frigiuli kilos tonikad garda-
iqmneba. aqedan gamomdinare, masTan mimarTebaSi, bgera
do kilos meSvide safexuris funqciis matarebeli
xdeba (17: 146, 149-151; 21: 317, 323-326).
zemoxsenebuli xevsuruli akvnis nanebis Sedare-
bisas TuSur akvnis nanebTan, irkveva, rom TiToeuli
maTgani ZiriTadi musikaluri Temis saxecvlili game-
orebaa. #3 (63.3). xevsuruli `nanas~ diapazoni gafar-
Toebulia kvintamde (do _ sol). Tumca taqtis Zlier

63
droze kilos kvartis (fa) dabejiTebiT gameoreba mi-
uTiTebs imaze, rom melodiis harmoniuli sayrdeni
kvartis (do _ fa) intervalia, melodia intonaciu-
rad genetikur kavSirSia TuSur `nanasTan~, `qorbeRe-
lasTan~, `mayrulTan~ da sxv. #4 (63.4) `nanaSi~ melo-
diis diapazoni gafarToebulia seqstamde (si _ sol).
frazebi iwyeba aRmavali svliT, ZiriTadad kilos
kvartidan seqstamde, Semdeg bgeraTrigi daRmavali
moZraobiT Camodis tonikaSi. gamonaklisis saxiT
frazebis dasawyisSi Cndeba naxtomi kilos tonikidan
an terciidan seqstamde. naTelia, rom `nanas~ safuZ-
vlad udevs kvartis diapazonis mqone fuZe-hangi. `na-
na~ #5 (63.5) moicavs septimis diapazons, melodiis
dasawyisSi aRiniSneba aRmavali naxtomi kilos kvar-
tidan (mi-bemoli) seqstaze (sol-bemoli) an aRmavali
sekunduri moZraoba kilos kvintidan seqstamde an _
seqstidan septimamde. rasac mosdevs bgeraTa daRmava-
li moZraoba kilos tonikamde. gansxvavebiT sxva danar-
Ceni xevsuruli nanebisagan, #6 (63.6) `nanaSi~ msgavsad
TuSuri nanebisa, xazgasmulia kilos meore safexuri.
#7 (63.7) `nana~ xasiaTdeba bgeraTa daRmavali moZrao-
biT kilos septimidan (mi-bemoli) tonikamde (fa). stru-
qturulad igi xevsurul saferxuloebs uaxlovdeba.
gudamayruli `nanas~ (63.8) melodia kvartis dia-
pazons (re _ la). moicavs. bgera sol melodiis dia-
pazons kvintamde afarToebs, magram aq, igi gaiazreba
rogorc banis meSvide safexuri. mTiuluri `nanas~
(63.9, 10) bolo frazaSi, gudamayruli `nanas~ analo-
giurad, Tavdapirveli melodiuri qsovili Cndeba.
akvnis nanebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia eoliuri
da frigiuli kiloebi. gamonakliss warmoadgens xev-
suruli `nanas~ erT-erTi varianti (63.7), romelic do-
riul kiloSi sruldeba.
musikaluri teqstebis analizidan Cans, rom aR-
mosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa akvnis nanebi gene-
tikurad dakavSirebulia natirlebTan, saferxuloeb-
Tan da nawilobriv _ istoriul-sagmiro simRerebTan,

64
romlebic qarTvelTa musikaluri azrovnebis ganvi-
Tarebis adreuli etapebis amsaxvelia. naTlad Cans
`nanebis~ variaciuli ganviTarebis gzebi. mogvianebiT,
akvnis nanebSi SeiniSneba saferxuloebis Tu sayofac-
xovrebo simRerebis intonaciuri gavlena.
musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZvelesi
formebi, romlebic aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiel-
Ta simRerebSi Semoinaxa, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
baris simRerebSi vlindeba. zemoT, qarTluri da fSa-
uri `jvaris winas~ variantebis Sedarebisas, gamov-
Tqvi varaudi, rom odesRac am saferxuloTa musika-
luri teqstebi saerTo iyo. mogvianebiT, harmoniul
elementTa ganviTarebis procesSi Tavdapirvelma, Zi-
riTadma melodiam adgili dauTmo banSi VII safexur-
ze warmoqmnil axal musikalur nagebobas. fSauri
`jvaris winas~ intonaciebis kvali SeiniSneba qar-
Tlur da kaxur saweso simRerebSi: `mumli muxasa~,
`mayruli~, `davlioT Rvino~ (64.1, 2, 3). aRsaniSnavia
qarTluri samgloviaro simReris `mefe erekles da-
tireba~ (65.1) uSualo intonaciuri kavSiri fSaur
`leqsobasTan~ (29).

65
 zemoT aRiniSna, rom qarTul xalxur simRerebSi
dadgenilia melodiis ori saxeoba, romelTagan pir-
veli daRmavali mimarTulebisaa, meore _ aRmavali.
zogjer melodia iwyeba kilos tonikuri bgeriT, ro-
melsac mosdevs naxtomi umaRles bgeraze (66.1, 2).

sawyisi bgera rig SemTxvevaSi nagulisxmevi saorRano

punqtia, sxva SemTxvevaSi melodiis Semadgeneli bge-
raa. melodiis meore saxeobas qmnis bgeraTa aRmavali
moZraoba kilos tercidan. amis naTeli magaliTia sa-
ferxulo simRera `iavnana~ (67.1). `iavnanas~ melodiaSi
bgeraTa sekunduri moZraoba qmnis individualobiT
gamorCeul, Caketil melodias (2: 96-110, 117-118, 151).
`iavnanas~ TianeTuri varianti (67.4), romelic `xatis

66
iavnanas~ saxeliT moixsenieba, sruldeba salocavSi
(xatSi), xatisagan damizezebulis mier. gansxvavebiT

67
samwiladi metris mqone `iavnanasagan~, `xatis iavna-
nas~ melodia reCitatiuli xasiaTisaa. `iavnana~ (67.2),
romelic reCitativebs Seicavs, agreTve `xatis iavna-
na~ unda iyos. raWuli variantebis (67.7, 8) ZiriTadi
melodia iwyeba kilos kvartiT, romelic adis kvinta-
Si, Semdeg bgeraTa daRmavali moZraobiT Camodis to-
nikaSi. sawyisi bgerebiT #8 (67.8) axloa moxeuri
`iavnanas~ (67.5) meore winadadebasTan. aqve davsZenT,
rom moxeur `iavnanaSi~ (67.5) momReralma erTmaneTs
SeuTavsa Sua, ZiriTadi da maRali, pirveli xmebi. qve-
moT warmodgenilia moxeuri `iavnanas~ (68.1) meore wi-
nadadebis pirveli nawili da pirveli winadadebis me-
ore, daskvniTi nawili. igi intonaciurad axlos dgas
TuSuri `qorbeRelas~ erT-erT variantTan. `iavnanasa-
gan~ gansxvavebiT, `qorbeRelas~ melodia (68.2) erT

frazas moicavs. masSi Cndeba bgeraTa sekventuri moZ-

raobis Canasaxi. `iavnanas~ melodia gafarToebulia
da ori frazisagan Sedgeba.

68
 `iavnanas~ musikaluri teqstebi genetikurad da-
kavSirebulia TuSuri saferxulo simRerebis varian-
tebTan, maT Soris `qorbeRelas~ im variantTan, rom-
lis dasawyisSi bgerebi moZraobs kilos kvartidan
kvintaSi; `laSaris simRerasTan~ (`qorbeRelas~ ganvi-
Tarebuli varianti), romlis yoveli meore winada-
deba Seicavs aRmaval moZraobas kilos terciidan
kvintaSi (SeadareT 2: 117).
uZveles saweso-saferxulo simRerebs Soris sa-
yuradReboa `dedakacebis ferxuli~ (69.1), `lazare~
(69.2), `mze Sina da mze gareTa~ (69.3, 4) da sxv. romel-
Ta melodia `iavnanas~ intonaciur areSi Sedis.

aq ar vimsjelebT aRmavali mimarTulebis mqone

qarTul xalxur simRerebze, romlebic ganxilulia
S. aslaniSvilis naSromSi (2: 101, 113, 113-136, 142-146).
SevCerdebi mxolod qarTluri `iavnanas~ samxmi-
an variantze (70.1), romelSic pirveli da meore xme-
bi banis gareSea warmodgenili. misi Sedarebisas

69
kaxur da qarTlur Sromis simRerasTan _ `glesam da
glesam namgalo~ (70.2, 3). irkveva, rom orive maTgani
`iavnanas~ variantebia im gansxvavebiT, rom dasawyisSi
(Sua, meore xma) mocemulia bgeraTa daRmavali svla
kilos septimidan. simReris `glesam da glesam namga-
lo~ (70.2) uSualo variantia kaxuri `saferxulo~ (71).

masSi Sua, ZiriTadi xma gafarToebulia bgeraTa

mravaljeradi gameorebiT. garda amisa, simReris saka-
danso nawilSi melodia, emyareba ra banis VII safe-
xurs, gafarToebulia. igi iwyeba kilos meore safe-
xuriT (sol), romelic gadadis kvartaSi (si-bemoli).
es ukanaskneli Camodis tonikaSi (fa). `saferxulos~

70
Sua xma TiTqmis meordeba orxmian satrfialo simRe-
raSi `netavi gogo~ (72.1). amave intonaciazea agebuli

71
Sromis simRera `aRzevans waval~ (72.2, 3). qarTlur
da kaxur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi `saferxulos~ va-
riantebi mravlad moipoveba. maT Sorisaa `ferxuli
CavabaT~ (72.4), `gogiasa~ (72.5) da sxv.
`saferxulos~ (71) zeda, pirveli xma, Sua xmis
Sesabamisad, melodiis dasawyisSi gafarToebulia. mi-
si Sedarebisas kaxur saferxulo simRerasTan `Tamar
mefe~ (73) irkveva, rom am ukanasknelSi ZiriTadi me-
lodia TiTqmis imeorebs `saferxulos~ pirvel xmas

im gansxvavebiT, rom masSi meore, daskvniTi nawili

SezRudulia. amgvarad, samxmian simReraSi pirveli xma
ZiriTadi melodiis funqcias iZens. variantebs Soris

72
73
SeiZleba davasaxeloT `Savlego~ (74.1, 2), `saferxulo~
(74.3), `glesam da glesam namgalo~ (74.4), `Zveleburi
mayruli~ (74.5), `mayruli~ (74.6), `mgzavruli~ (74.7),
`gza siarulma dalia~ (74.8), `laSqruli~ (74.9) da sxv.
am nimuSebis gafarToebuli variantebia `visia qali
lamazi~ (75.1). `TeTro bato~ (75.2) da sxv.

zemoxsenebul simRerebTan mimarTebaSi yuradRebas

iqcevs mesxuri sufruli simRerebis variantebi. (76.1, 2).
rogorc Cans, am simRerebis melodia `Tamar mefis~ (73)
da `Savlegos~ (74.1, 2). tipis mravalxmiani simRerebis

74
pirveli xmis fragmentia, romelic mesxur sasimRero Se-
moqmedebas erTxmiani simRerebis saxiT SemorCa.

musikaluri masalidan irkveva, rom `iavnana~ qar-

Tveli xalxis musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
garkveuli etapia. mTeli rigi saweso Tu sayofacxov-
rebo simRerebisa `iavnanas~ melodiis Semdgomi ganvi-
Tarebis Sedegia. gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs simRe-
rebi warmoqmnili, erTi mxriv, `iavnanas~ ZiriTadi me-
lodiis (Sua xma) variaciuli ganviTarebis safuZvelze,
meore mxriv _ `iavnanas~ zeda xmis win wamowevisa da
damoukidebeli melodiis saxiT Camoyalibebis Sedegad.
qarTlur da kaxur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi me-
lodiis simartiviT gamoirCeva Sromis, gansakuTrebiT
mkis da _ sacekvao simRerebi. dadgenilia, rom am mu-
sikalur Janrebs Soris uSualo kavSiri arsebobs (2:
73, 28-281). Sromis simRera `herio~ (77) fuZe-hangs Sei-
cavs. melodia, kvartis diapazoniT, intonaciurad da

struqturulad xevsuruli da TuSuri akvnis nanebis

umartivesi variantebis saxeSecvlili gameorebaa. ki-
los tonika frazebis SemaerTebeli bgeris funqcias
iTavsebs. mesame frazaSi kilos kvarta adis sekundiT
zeviT, kvintaSi, rasac mosdevs bgeraTa daRmavali
moZraoba tonikaSi. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiel-

75
Ta simRerebis msgavsad, aqac saxezea kvartis kvintiT
Canacvleba. zemoxsenebul simReras gaaCnia mTeli rigi

76
variantebisa: `herio~ (78.1, 2, 8), `herio, heri-oga~ (78.3),
`heri ega~ (78.4, 5, 6, 7); qarTluri da kaxuri sacekvao-
ebi _ `farina~ (79.1), `gogona~ (79.2), `sacekvao~ (79.3)
da sxv., romlebic melodiur-intonaciurad zemoT
warmodgenil Sromis simRerebs ukavSirdeba.

77
 musikaluri gamomsaxvelobis uZvelesi formebi
Tavs iCens agreTve SromasTan dakavSirebul qar-
Tlur da kaxur simRerebSi, `orovelas~ (80.1, 2) da
`urmulis~ (80.3, 4) variantebSi. gamoTqmulia mosazreba,

rom struqturiT da stilisturi TaviseburebebiT qar-

Tluri da kaxuri `orovelas~ (80.1, 2) melodia aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos mTielTa, xevsurTa simRerebs ena-
Tesaveba (30; 22: 31-32); xevsuruli da fSauri `mTiblure-
bi~ (81.1, 2) ritmulad da intonaciurad qarTlur urmu-
lebs (81.3, 4) ukavSirdeba. bgeraTa daRmavali moZraoba,

78
gabmuli bgerebis ararseboba, aRmavali naxtomebi ki-
los septimaze da, Semdeg, kvlav tonikaSi dabruneba,
yovelive es damaxasiaTebelia rogorc urmulebisaT-
vis, ise mTiblurebisaTvis (2: 292-294).
qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis calkeuli nimuSe-
bis urTierTSedareba saSualebas iZleva Tvali gava-
devnoT melodiur-intonaciur da harmoniul elemen-
tTa gafarToebis process. qvemoT, sailustraciod
warmovadgenT xalxuri simRerebis ramdenime nimuSs,
magaliTad: `dala~ (82.1), `Savqudas coli~ (82.2),
`gafrindi Savo mercxalo~ (82.3), `Wona~ (82.4) da sxv.

79
80
 qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis ganviTarebis uZve-
lesi safexurebis kvlevis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelo-
vania mesxuri simRerebi. v. maRraZis dakvirvebiT mes-
xuri simRerebis nawili agebulia `iavnanas~ intona-
ciebze, nawili _ mis fragmentebze (23: 37-42). garda
simRerebis am ori jgufisa, aris kidev rigi simRere-
bisa, romlebSic `iavnanas~ melodia ucvlelad aris
gatarebuli, magaliTad: `varZioba Ziobasa~ (83.1), `mWe-
delo, Cemo mWedelo~ (83.2), `didi ferxuli~ (83.3).

mesxuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kadansTa

Soris interess iwvevs `g~ kadansi (84.1). igi sruliad
axal kadansad aris miCneuli, romelic saTanado
Seswavlas saWiroebs (23: 37-42). am kadansiT mTavrdeba

81
magaliTad, mesxuri simRera `darejan gagaTxieben~ (84.1)
(19: 69-63). am simReraSi warmodgenili `g~ kadansis Seda-
rebisas xevsuruli `xmiT natiralis~ frazebis SemaerTe-
bel melodiur mimoqcevasTan (qviTini _ misamReri) (84.2)
irkveva, rom orive SemTxvevaSi erTidaigive movlenasTan
gvaqvs saqme. xevsuruli `xmiT natirlebis~ musikalur
teqstebSi Cans am melodiuri mimoqcevis TandaTanobiTi
ganviTarebis procesi. kerZod, igi Tavdapirvelad kilos
meoTxe safexurze agebuli frazebis SemaerTebeli bge-
raa, Semdeg am safexurze Cndeba musikaluri nageboba,
romelic misamReris saxiT yalibdeba (17: 20; 19: 40-41). mes-
xuri simReris `darejan gagaTxieben~ (84.1) pirvel winada-
debaSi SemaerTebeli musikaluri nageboba mTavrdeba bge-
riT la, riTac xazgasmulia mi kilos meoTxe safexuri,
rogorc winadadebis SemaerTebeli bgera. meore winada-
debis bolos ritmulad myar meoTxe safexurs mosdevs
bgera sol, romelic kilos tonikis niSnebs iZens, Tumca
momdevno winadadebasTan mimarTebaSi igi gaiazreba ro-
gorc ZiriTadi mi kilos tercia. garda amisa, SemaerTe-
beli musikaluri nageboba winadadebis organuli nawi-
lia, razec miuTiTebs Sesabamisi sityvieri teqsti. yove-
live es am nagebobas kadansis mniSvnelobas aniWebs. aRsa-
niSnavia, rom `xmiT natiralSi~ bgera fa agreTve kilos
tonikis niSnebs iZens, Tumca aqac Semdeg frazebTan mimar-
TebaSi ZiriTadi re kilos terciad gaiazreba (19: 60-64).
musikaluri teqstebis analizidan irkveva, rom aR-
mosavleT saqarTvelos xalxuri simRerebis melodiur-
intonaciuri safuZveli kvartis diapazonis momcveli
hangia `minoruli~ elferiT da bgeraTa daRmavali moZra-
obiT kilos kvartidan ZiriTad sayrden bgeramde anu
tonikamde. variantebSi igi warmodgenilia met-naklebad
gansxvavebuli ritmul-intonaciuri JReradobiT. es me-
lodiuri formula an fuZe-hangi, dasawyis nawilSi, ga-
farToebulia bgeraTa aRmavali moZraobiT kilos kvar-
tidan an terciidan kvintamde an daRmavali moZraobiT
kvintidan tonikamde. melodiis dasawyisSi kilos kvintis

82
kvartiT momzadeba gardamavali formaa melodiis or _
aRmaval da daRmaval _ mimarTulebas Soris. analizma
gamoavlina fuZe-hangis Semdgomi gafarToebis procesi: 1.
melodiis diapazoni izrdeba seqstamde, septimamde, oqta-
vamde da amasTanave Cndeba bgeraTa daRmavali talRise-
buri an zigzagiseburi moZraoba kilos umaRlesi bgeri-
dan tonikamde; 2. frazis SigniT melodiuri mimoqcevebi,
TandaTanobiTi gafarToebis Sedegad, SedarebiT did
formaSi, winadadebaSi erTiandeba; 3. farTovdeba simRe-
ris sakadanso nawili, rac, Tavis mxriv, biZgs aZlevs axa-
li musikaluri nagebobis warmoqmnas. pirvel or SemTxve-
vaSi Tavdapirveli melodiuri formula simReris das-
kvniT nawilSi inacvlebs, mesameSi _ Sesaval nawilSi,
musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis procesSi warmoqmni-
li zemoxsenebuli melodiur-intonaciuri Tavisebureba-
ni SemdegSi calkeuli musikaluri dialeqtebis damaxa-
siaTebel niSnebad iqca.
warmodgenili melodiuri formula an fuZe-han-
gi, romelSic Tavs iyris adre arsebuli yvela musi-
kalur-smeniTi monapovari, universaluria. amasTanave
igi garkveuli struqturis mqone intonaciur areSi
Tavsdeba da gamoirCeva mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli fonologiuri da morfologiuri wyobiT. sagu-
lisxmoa, rom fuZe-hangis stilisturi Taviseburebis
CamoyalibebaSi arsebiTi roli unda Seesrulebina
metyvelebis intonaciur Taviseburebas.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa simRerebis saer-
To intonaciuri safuZveli, misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis
procesi da is intonaciuri Taviseburebani, romlebic
mTis calkeul eTnografiul jgufebSi (kuTxeebSi) ya-
libdeba, mkafiod iCens Tavs saferxulo simRerebSi. mu-
sikaluri masala Tanmimdevrulad warmoaCens banSi VII
safexuris gafarToebis process: 1. Tavdapirvelad igi
Cndeba frazis dasasruls, Semdeg farTovdeba melodia-
Si kilos II safexuris gafarToebis Sesabamisad, ris sa-
fuZvelzec banis VII safexuri ormag funqcias iZens: er-
Ti mxriv gafarToebuli VII safexuria, meore mxriv _ ga-

83
farToebis Sedegad miRebuli axali kilos I safexuria,
Tumca srul damoukideblobas ver aRwevs. amgvarad, er-
Ti garkveuli kilos Semcvel melodiaSi axali kilos
warmonaqmni Cndeba. 2. sakadanso nagebobis gafarToebis
Sedegad banis VII safexurze yalibdeba axali musikalu-
ri nageboba, romelic ufro mogvianebiT damoukidebeli
melodiis saxiT mkvidrdeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
barSi. am musikaluri nagebobis orxmian variantebSi Zi-
riTadi melodiuri qsovili zeda, pirvel xmaSia mocemu-
li, samxmian variantebSi _ Sua xmaSi. axali musikaluri
nageboba genetikur kavSirSia Tavdapirvel melodiur
formulasTan, magram igi meoreuli movlenaa da warmoq-
mnilia musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis SedarebiT
maRal safexurze. amgvarad, musikaluri masala SesaZleb-
lobas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT harmoniul elementTa
Tanmimdevruli, kanonzomieri ganviTarebis process, maT
mWidro urTierTkavSirs. naTelia, rom erTi harmoniuli
elementis win wamoweva sxva danarCen elementTa axali
formebis warmoqmnis da Camoyalibebis sawindaria.
qarTveli xalxis musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTa-
rebis uadresi safexurebis kvlevisaTvis gansakuTre-
biT sayuradReboa micvalebulis kultTan dakavSirebu-
li datirebis saxeobani (`daTvliT~, `ZaxiliT~, `xmiT~),
romelTa intonaciuri safuZveli zemoxsenebuli fuZe-
hangia. ueWvelad didia `xmiT natirlebis~ musikaluri
teqstebis mniSvneloba datirebis saxeobaTa formireba-
Si. musikaluri masala mowmobs, rom `xmiT natirlebma~
arsebiTi roli Seasrula Tavdapirveli melodiuri
formulis an fuZe-hangis Camoyalibebasa da ganviTare-
baSi. niSandoblivia, erTi mxriv, `mTiblurebis~ naTesa-
oba `xmiT natirlebTan~, meore mxriv, aRmosavleT sa-
qarTvelos barSi gavrcelebuli `orovelebisa~ da
`urmulebis~ struqturul-stilistur TaviseburebaTa
siaxlove `mTiblurebTan~ da sazogadod mTielTa sim-
RerebTan. calkea aRsaniSnavi natirlebis roli isto-
riul-sagmiro simRerebis Casaxva-ganviTarebaSi, razec
miuTiTebs, zog SemTxvevaSi, am ukanasknelTa uSualo

84
intonaciuri kavSiri natirlebTan. miuxedavad imisa,
rom `xmiT natirlebSi~ sityvier teqstTan erTad arse-
biTia kilo-intonaciuri mxare, isini ver scildeba
mReriTi deklamaciis CarCoebs, ver aRwevs im SesaZleb-
lobebs, romlebic saferxulo simRerebs gaaCnia, safer-
xuloebi intonaciuri da harmoniuli ganviTarebis Se-
darebiT farTo SesaZleblobebiT da mdidari gamomsax-
velobiTi xerxebiT gamoirCeva. amitom, qarTuli xalxu-
ri simRerebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis procesSi saferxu-
loebis mZlavri intonaciuri gavlena SeiniSneba.
sayuradRebo musikalur masalas vflobT akvnis
nanebis saxiT, masala naTlad avlens genetikur kav-
Sirs samgloviaro, saferxulo da nawilobriv isto-
riul-sagmiro simRerebis im nimuSebTan, romlebic
qarTuli xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis uZveles eta-
pebs asaxavs; akvnis nanebis variaciuli ganviTarebis
Tavisebur gzebs; ufro mogvianebiT, ganviTarebis mom-
devno safexurebze, saferxulo, Tu sayofacxovrebo
simRerebis intonaciur gavlenas akvnis nanebze.
qarTveli xalxis musikaluri azrovnebis ganvi-
Tarebis uZvelesma formebma met-naklebad baris sim-
RerebSic iCina Tavi. am mxriv sainteresoa saweso sa-
ferxulo sagalobeli `iavnana~. aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos barisa da mTis (xevi, mTiuleTi) masala mka-
fiod gvidasturebs, rom `iavnanas~ melodia erT-erTi
uZvelesi da amasTanave ganviTarebis garkveuli eta-
pia qarTveli xalxis sulieri kulturis istoriaSi.
intonaciuri Taviseburebani, romlebic qarTvelur
tomTa eTnikuri ganviTarebis procesSi yalibdeba da
sabolood musikaluri fuZe-enis saxiT warmogvesaxe-
ba, `iavnanas~ melodiaSi ganviTarebis garkveul do-
nes aRwevs, aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia is didi
mniSvneloba, romelic `iavnanas~ melodias eniWeba
qarTuli xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis momdevno sa-
fexurebze. mravali saweso, Sromis Tu sayofacxovrebo
simRera `iavnanas~ intonaciur areSi eqceva. am mxriv yu-
radRebas imsaxurebs simRerebi warmoqmnili samxmiani

85
`iavnanas~ melodiis Sua ZiriTadi xmis variaciuli ganvi-
Tarebisa, an misi zeda, pirveli xmis damoukidebeli me-
lodiis saxiT win wamowevis Sedegad. gamoTqmulia mo-
sazreba, rom mesxuri simRerebis nawils `iavnanas~ tipis
intonaciebi udevs safuZvlad, nawils _ misi fragmente-
bi. mesxuri simRerebis derivatuloba SesaZlebelia da-
majerebeli iyos, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qarTuli kul-
turis am erT-erTi mZlavri keris mZime istoriul
xvedrs, romelic dakavSirebulia am mxareSi xangrZlivi
drois manZilze osmalTa batonobasTan. mesxur simRe-
rebSi dadgenili `g~ kadansis safuZveli kilos meoTxe
safexurze agebuli SemaerTebeli musikaluri nagebobaa.
frazisa Tu winadadebebis dasasruls, tonikuri bgeris
Semdeg, kilos meoTxe safexurze (SemaerTebel bgeraze)
gadasvla kanonzomieria, radgan igi genetikurad ukav-
Sirdeba musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis im uZve-
les safexurs, rodesac melodiis harmoniul sayrdenad
kvarta gaiazreboda. SemaerTebeli musikaluri nageboba-
ni damaxasiaTebelia sazogadod qarTuli xalxuri sim-
RerebisaTvis. xazgasasmelia, rom amaTgan mesxuri gansa-
kuTrebul intonaciur siaxloves amJRavnebs xevsurul
`xmiT natiralebSi~ frazebis dasasruls, misamReris sa-
xiT arsebul SemaerTebel nagebobebTan. saerTod, mes-
xTa musikalurma azrovnebam Semogvinaxa qarTuli xal-
xuri musikis ganviTarebis uZvelesi Sreebi, rac, Tavis
mxriv mosxebis, anu mesxebis _ erT-erTi qarTveluri
tomis _ eTnogenezis Sesaxeb arsebuli mosazrebis sa-
sargeblod metyvelebs.
uZvelesi xanis qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri
kulturis kvlevisaTvis uZvirfases masalas gvawvdis
dasavleT saqarTvelo. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
svanuri da raWuli saweso saferxulo simRerebi, ro-
melTagan uZvelesi, samxmiani nimuSebis Sua xma fuZe-
hangis Semcvelia. svanuri saweso simReris `barbal
dolaSis~ (85) ZiriTadi melodia (Sua xma) kvartis di-

86
apazons moicavs da Sedgeba ori frazisagan. igi (86.2)
uSualod enaTesaveba samxmiani gudamayruli saferxu-
los `jvaris winas~ (86.1) Sua, ZiriTad xmas. Semdgomi
ganviTarebis procesSi, Tu gudamayruli `jvaris wi-
nas~ ZiriTadi melodiis (86.3) diapazoni gafarToebu-
lia seqstamde, svanuri `barbal dolaSis~ ZiriTadi
melodia kvlav kvartis diapazonis CarCoSi rCeba. mi-
si pirveli, zeda xma (86.4) ki, romelic banTan erTad
ZiriTadi melodiis mimarT kvintis CarCos qmnis, ga-
farToebulia da Seesatyviseba `jvaris winas~ ZiriTa-
di melodiis gafarToebul variants.

svanuri saweso simReris `elia lrdes~ (87.1) Sua

xma, romelic kvartis diapazonSi sruldeba, `barbal
dolaSis~ ZiriTadi melodiis saxeSecvlili gameorebaa.

87
amasTanave, misi Sua xmis Sedareba aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos im simRerebTan, romlebic qarTvelTa musika-
luri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZveles etapebs asa-
xavs (magaliTad, TuSuri `xmiT natiralebi~ (87.2), `ak-
vnis nanebi~ (87.3)), maT saerTo melodiur-intonaciur
warmomavlobaze metyvelebs. `elia lrdes~ melodi-
zirebuli pirveli (zeda) xma, banTan erTad, ZiriTadi
melodiis mimarT kvintis CarCos qmnis, ris gamoc Zi-
riTadi melodiis diapazoni gafarToebis Tvalsazri-
siT SezRudulia. msgavsi viTarebaa `saferxuloSi~
(88), sadac Sua, ZiriTadi xma kvartis diapazoniT Se-
moifargleba. frazebis dasawyisSi, kilos mesame
safexuris amaRlebis gamo, minoruli (eoliuri) kilo

88
droebiT gadaxrilia maJorulSi. msgavsi gadaxrebi
damaxasiaTebelia svanuri simRerebisaTvis.
simReraSi `amiranis ferxuli~ (89.1) wamyvani, Sua
xma ZiriTadad kvintis diapazonSi sruldeba. miuxe-
davad imisa, rom masSi kilos meSvide safexuri (sol)

Cndeba, igi banis VII safexurad gaiazreba. simReraSi

ZiriTadi melodia iwyeba bgeraTa aRmavali svliT ki-
los terciidan (do) kvintaSi, rasac mosdevs bgera-
Ta daRmavali moZraoba tonikamde (la). melodiis Se-
darebisas TuSur `laSaris simRerasTan~ (igive `qor-
beRela~) (89.2). irkveva, rom orive maTgani erTi da
igive melodiur-intonaciur safuZvels emyareba. sva-
nuri sasimRero nimuSebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mra-
valxmianobis kompleqsuri formis safuZveli reCita-
tiuli burdonia.
svanuri simRerebis Semdgomi ganviTareba samxmian
simRerebSi ori zeda xmis da banis safexurTa gafar-
Toebis gziT mimdinareobs. es gza, aRmosavlur-qar-

89
90
91
Tuli simRerebisagan gansxvavebiT, mravalxmianobis
sinqronuli xmaTasvlis (kompleqsur) formas emyare-
ba. simReraSi `laSnu laSgaru~ (90.1) ZiriTadi melo-
dia, romelic kvartis diapazons moicavs, Sua xmaSia.
masze damokidebuli pirveli xma gafarToebulia seq-
stamde. simReraSi `yansav yifiane~ (90. 2a, b) Sua, Ziri-
Tadi xma kargavs wamyvanis funqcias da gzas uTmobs
pirvel, zeda xmas. pirveli xmis win wamowevis Tval-
sazrisiT sayuradReboa sacekvao simRera `Samaia Sa-
marera~ (90.3) da misi variantebi `ori raSa~ (90.4) da
`Sina vogil~ (90.5). `Samaia SamareraSi~ Sua, ZiriTadi
xma kvartis diapazons moicavs, pirveli, zeda xma ki,
maszea damokidebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom `ori ra-
Sas~ musikalur teqstSi pirveli xma melodizirebu-
lia, igi mainc damokidebulia Sua, meore xmaze. sim-
ReraSi `Sina vogil~ pirveli xma ukve ZiriTadi me-
lodiis funqcias iZens. saferxulo simReraSi `irino-
la~ (90.6) pirveli xma kvintis diapazons moicavs da
mas ZiriTadi melodiis, wamyvani xmis funqcia ekisre-
ba, Tumca simReras Sua xma iwyebs. saferxulo simRera

92
`mirmiqela~ (90.7) melodiur-intonaciurad `irinolas~
sakadanso nawilzea agebuli da warmodgenilia damou-
kidebeli musikaluri nagebobis saxiT. pirveli xmis,
rogorc wamyvani, ZiriTadi xmis funqcia mkafiod Cans
simRerebSi `lile~ (90.8), `jgrg~ (90.9) da sxv. isto-
riuli simReris `Tamar dedfal~ (91. 1,2) variantebSi

93
ZiriTadia zeda, pirveli xma, Sua xma ki, maszea damo-
kidebuli. pirveli xma melodiur-intonaciurad uSua-
lo kavSirSia kaxur saferxulo simRerasTan `ferxu-
li CavabaT~ (91.3) im gansxvavebiT, rom am ukanasknelSi
melodia gafarToebulia.
rig SemTxvevaSi (mag. `gaul gavxe~ (92)) banis VII
safexuri, romelsac uCndeba damxmare safexuri (fa),
tonikuri bgeris elfers iZens, magram kilos I safe-
xuris (si) mimarT igi kvlav gafarToebuli VII safe-
xuris doneze rCeba. svanuri simRerebis Semdgomi gan-
viTareba zeda ori xmis da banis safexurTa gafarTo-
ebis gziT mimdinareobs.

zogierT simReraSi `voi di vo~, `voisarera~

da sxva (93.1, 2) xdeba banis I safexuris gadasvla
V-Si, da Semdeg, VI VII safexurebis gavliT tonikaSi
dabruneba. simReraSi `Sairebi albevilaze~ (93.3)
banSi warmodgenilia IV V VI VII safexurebis
monacvleoba. IV safexuri TiTqos iZens
damoukidebeli kilos tonikis funqcias, magram
Tavdapirveli kilos I safexuris (do) mimarT isev IV
safexurad rCeba.

94
 simRerebSi `laguSeda~ (94.1), `sadam~ (94.2) da sxv.
dominanturi funqciis matarebeli safexuri damo-
ukidebeli kilos tonikis funqcias aRwevs, Tavdapir-
veli kilos tonika ki, winadadebis Tu simReris bo-
los Cndeba.

95
 svanuri simRerebis Sua, ZiriTad xmaSi mkafiod
Cans Tavdapirveli melodiuri formula, romelic sa-
fuZvlad daedo simRerebis Semdgom ganviTarebas. igi
genetikur kavSirSia aRmosavlur-qarTul simRerebSi
arsebul fuZe-hangTan, da amgvarad, saerTo qarTve-
luri musikaluri fuZe-enis amsaxvelia. svanuri sim-

96
Rerebis Semdgomi ganviTareba ori zeda xmis da banis
safexurTa gafarToebis gziT mimdinareobs. es gza,
aRmosavlur-qarTuli simRerebisagan gansxvavebiT,
mravalxmianobis kompleqsur formas emyareba.
sinqronul xmaTa svlazea agebuli rigi raWuli
simRerebisa _ `amirani~ (95.1) `ferxuli~ (95.2, 5, 6), `Sru-
Sana~ (95.3), `odelia da odelia~ (95.4), `didgorsa das-
xdnen~ (95.7) da sxv. es simRerebi uSualod enaTesaveba
svanur simRerebs _ `amiranis ferxuli~ (96.1), `ferxuli~
(96.2), `SurSana~ (96.3) da sxv. nawili raWuli simRerebisa

97
melodiur-intonaciur da harmoniul elementTa siax-
loves amJRavnebs aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, erTi mxriv,

mTielTa saferxuloebTan, meore mxriv _ qarTl-kaxur

simRerebTan. aseTebia magaliTad, `mgzavruli mayruli~
(97.1), `mayruli~ (97.2, 3), `qvedrula~ (97.4), `mayruli~
(97.5). samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia raWuli sim-
Rerebis siaxloveze svanurTan da agreTve imerul sim-
RerebTan. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom raWvelebi iTavi-
seben svanur Tu imerul simRerebs da xandaxan maT axal
sityvier teqsts usadageben (37: 51), d. arayiSvils qvemo,

98
zemo da nawilobriv mTis raWis simRerebi qarTl-kaxeTis
nawilad miaCnda (12: 28).

99
 warmodgenili raWuli musikaluri masala Seicavs
rogorc aRmosavlur-qarTuli, ise dasavlur-qarTuli
simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel melodiur-intonaciur
da harmoniul Taviseburebebs. maT Soris sainteresoa is
uZvelesi nimuSebi, romlebic kavSirs avlens, erTi
mxriv svanur, da, meore mxriv _ aRmosavleT saqarTve-
los mTielTa simRerebTan da asaxavs saerTo qarTve-
lur musikalur fuZe-enas. aRsaniSnavia, rom raWulSi,
svanuris monaTesave musikaluri masala statikuria ma-
Sin, rodesac svanurSi ganviTarebis uwyveti procesi
Cans. raWulis mWidro kavSiri aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTisa da, agreTve, baris regionebTan, SesaZloa migvaniS-
nebs imaze, rom raWulis Zirebi musikaluri kulturis
aRmosavlur-qarTuli wris wiaRSia saZiebeli. gamoTqmu-
lia mosazreba, rom raWuli simRerebis specifika mra-
valxmianobis burdonuli da kompleqsuri formebis Ta-
naarsebobaSi gamoixateba (27: 24).
melodiur-intonaciur da harmoniul elementTa
ganviTarebis Semdgomi procesi megrul simRerebSi
SeiniSneba. Sromis simReraSi `oCeSxevei~ (98.1) banSi
la kilos VII VI safexurebi gafarToebulia droe-
biT damoukidebel kiloebamde. VII safexurs, Tavis
mxriv, uCndeba damxmare safexurebi. `sufrulis~ (98.2)
banSi bgera fa, romelic la kilos gafarToebuli VI
safexuria, winadadebis bolos kvlav kilos I safe-
xurs ubrundeba. gafarToebul VI safexurs, romelic
fakilos I safexuris elfers iZens, mosdevs II da III(I)
safexurebi (ZiriTadi la kilos VII I safexurebi),

100
rac frigiuli kadansis warmoqmnis sawindaria. akvnis
simReraSi `sisatura~ (99.1) banis VI safexuri farTov-
deba da droebiTi sol kilos I safexuris funqcias
iZens, rac safexurTa urTierTmimarTebas cvlis. ker-
Zod, aqac, winadadebis bolos Cndeba frigiuli kadansi
(I sol kilo, II III(I)). simReraSi `vojanudi Cqim jar-
gvals~ (99.2) banSi bgera mi gaiazreba rogorc Tavda-
pirveli sol kilos VI safexuris gafarToebis Sede-
gad miRebuli droebiTi axali mi kilos tonika. fri-
giuli kadansi agebulia mi kilos I safexurze (I mi
kilo, II III(I). harmoniul elementTa msgavsi urTier-
TmimarTeba damaxasiaTebelia simRerisaTvis `iro eSe
irduuqo~ (99.3). aq, banSi gabatonebuli bgera fa war-
modgenilia fa kilos tonikis saxiT (igi miRebulia
Tavdapirveli la kilos VI safexuris gafarToebis
Sedegad), romelic frigiuli kadansis saSualebiT
la kiloSi gadadis.

101
102
 saweso simReris `o burRa~ (100.1) banSi, ZiriTad
la kilos I safexurTan mimarTebaSi, mocemulia IV V
VI VII safexurebis monacvleoba. V IV safexurebi (mi,
re) Cndeba mxolod VII VI safexurebis Semdeg. Sromis
simReraSi `oyonuri~ (100.2), banSi I safexuri uSua-
lod gadadis V-Si, romelic VI VII safexurebis gav-
liT ubrundeba I safexurs. safexurTa msgavsi mo-
nacvleoba SeiniSneba Sromis simReraSi `Cela~ (100.3).

103
harmoniul elementTa Semdgomi ganviTarebis proces-
Si banis V an VI safexurebi damoukidebeli tonikis
funqcias iZens. am mxriv sayuradReboa `varwyeqo div-
Wvini~ (100.4). banSi, ZiriTadi I safexuri _ do (rome-
lic Tavdapirveli sol kilos IV safexuria), winada-
debis bolos, V VI VII safexurebis gavliT sol ki-
los I safexurSi gadadis.
megruli simRerebis analizidan gamomdinare
vfiqrob, rom banSi V IV safexurebi VII VI safexure-
bis gafarToebis Sedegad yalibdeba. kerZod, VII VI
safexurebs, romlebic droebiT damoukidebeli ki-
los tonikis funqcias iZens, Tavis mxriv uCndeba
damxmare safexurebi, romlebic ZiriTadi kilos I sa-
fexuris mimarT V IV safexurebia. banSi safexurTa
gafarToebis analogiuri gza SeiniSneba aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos baris simRerebSi im gansxvavebiT, rom
aq, es procesi mravalxmianobis burdonul formas em-
yareba, dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ kompleqsurs. meg-
rul simRerebSi mkafiod Cans, rom banSi damxmare sa-
fexurebi, erTi mxriv, erTiandeba Tavdapirvel kilo-
Si da qmnis V VI VII I an IV V VI VII I safexurTa mo-
nacvleobas, meore mxriv axali, damoukidebeli ki-
los tonikis mniSvnelobas iZens. am TvalsazrisiT
interess iwvevs V-IV safexurebi, romlebic axali, Zi-
riTadi kilos I safexuris funqcias iZens. aseT viTa-
rebaSi Tavdapirveli kilos tonikaSi gadasvla modu-
laciis saSualebiT xdeba: axali kilos I safexuri

104
utoldeba Tavdapirveli kilos V (an IV) safexurs
da danarCeni safexurebis gavliT Tavdapirveli ki-
los I safexurSi gadadis.
xSirad, megrul simRerebSi gaJRerebuli didi
septima megrulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel intonaciur
Taviseburebas qmnis. magaliTad saqorwilo simReraSi
`kuCxi bedineri~ (101.1), banSi sol kilos gafarToebu-
li VI safexuri (mi), meoTxe taqtSi, bgera re-diezTan

105
erTad mi _ ionuri kilos elfers iZens da septakor-
dSi (mi _ si _ re-diezi) win wamoweulia didi septima,
romelic simReraSi specifikurad JRers. msgavsi viTa-
rebaa sacekvao simReraSi `voisa~ (101.2), samgloviaro
simReraSi `zari~ (101.3) da sxv. rig simRerebSi _ `kuC-
xi bedineri~ (102.1), `sufruli~ (102.2), `o burRa~
(102.3), `sisatura~ (102.4) da sxv. _ melodia, bgeraTa
daRmavali moZraobiT frigiul kiloSi, uSualo kav-
Sirs avlens aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa sim-
RerebTan _ `jvris winasa~ (102.5), `ferxisuli~ (102.6)

106
da sxv., rac maT saerTo warmomavlobaze miuTiTebs (18:
108-109; 1983(2): 43; 41: 259-260).
banSi damxmare safexurTa gafarToebis zemoxse-
nebuli gza gurul simRerebSi iCens Tavs. simReraSi
`orira~ (103.1), banSi, ZiriTadi sol kilos VII safe-
xuri (fa) gafarToebulia. mas, Tavis mxriv, uCndeba

107
108
VII VI safexurebi (mi-bemol, re), romlebic sol ki-
losaTvis VI V safexurebia. simReris bolos safe-
xurTa Tanmimdevroba Semdegia: V VI VII I. simReraSi
`he-ia-va-he~ (103.2) ZiriTadia la-doriuli kilo, Tumca
simReraSi gabatonebulia sol ioniuri kilo anu la
kilos gafarToebuli VII safexuri, romelic droe-
biT damoukidebeli kilos I safexuris mniSvnelobas
iZens. mas, Tavis mxriv, banSi uCndeba VII VI safexure-
bi, romlebic ZiriTadi la kilos VI V safexurebad
gaiazreba. simReraSi `jaSis qali marikela~ (103.3),
banSi, ZiriTadi la-eoliuri kilos V safexuri _ mi
Cndeba gafarToebuli VII safexuris mimarT damxmare
bgeris (mi) gaCenis Sedegad. sakadanso svlaSi damxma-
re bgerebi warmodgenilia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: V
la kilo VI VII I. simReraSi `osa-rera-nanina~ (104.1)
xmaTa svla banSi I VII VI V safexurebs emyareba. sim-
ReraSi `raSa-vorera~ (104.2) banSi agreTve mocemulia
I VII VI V safexurTa uSualo monacvleoba. igive Sei-
niSneba simReraSi `dila vodila~ (104.3)

109
 musikaluri masalis analizidan gamomdinare vfiq-
rob, rom simRerebSi kiloTa monacvleoba garkveul ka-
nonzomierebas eqvemdebareba. melodiis ganviTarebis Se-
sabamisad banis safexurTa TandaTanobiTma gafarToebam,
kiloTa kvarta-kvintur Tanafardobas miaRwia, rac Sem-
degSi maJorul-minoruli sistemis warmoqmnis sawindari
gaxda. harmoniul elementTa Semdgomi ganviTareba, gu-
rul sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi specifikurad mimdinare-
obs, kerZod, bani uaRresad mobiluria. masSi VII VI V
IV safexurTa monacvleobas adgili aqvs ara mxolod
erTi kilos farglebSi, aramed _ im kiloebSi, romle-
bic Cndeba banSi damxmare safexurTa gafarToebis sa-
fuZvelze. ufro metic, polifoniuri azrovneba imdenad
maRal dones aRwevs, rom banis safexurTa gafarToebiT
miRebuli droebiT Tu damoukidebel kiloTa damxmare
safexurebi, zog SemTxvevaSi TviT iZens myisierad droe-
biT damoukidebeli kilos tonikis funqcias.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom imeruli sasimRero
Semoqmedeba mWidro kavSirSia gurulTan. amave dros
rigi musikaluri nimuSebisa qarTlurTan siaxloveze
metyvelebs (37: 55; 39: 24). zogierT simReraSi _ `sufru-
li~ (105.1), `muSuri~ (105.2), `naduri~ (105.3), `sufruli~
(105.4) da sxv. _ SeiniSneba qarTlurisa da gurulisaT-
vis damaxasiaTebeli melodiur-intonaciuri da harmo-
niuli elementebis Serwyma.

110
111
 gurul simRerebSi gamovlenili banis safexurTa
urTierTmimarTebis analogiuri formebi aWarul sim-
RerebSi iCens Tavs (`indi mindi~ (106)). zemoxsenebuli
msjelobis Semdeg vfiqrob, rom oTxxmian nimuSebSi
banis anu dabali banis warmoSoba dakavSirebuli un-
da iyos samxmian simRerebSi banis safexurTa gafar-
ToebasTan. am mxriv sayuradReboa IV safexuri. maga-
liTad, Sromis simReraSi `javaxurai~ (107), banis IV
safexuri, romelic damoukidebeli kilos tonikis

funqcias iZens, ufro gvian, axali, ZiriTadi kilos

tonikur bgerad gvevlineba da Tavdapirveli kilos
tonikis paralelurad Tanaarsebobs, anu Cndeba ori
tonika, romelTagan pirveli Tavdapirveli kilos
tonikaa, meore _ banSi IV safexuris damoukidebeli,
SemdegSi ZiriTadi kilos tonikad Camoyalibebisa da
damkvidrebis Sedegia. swored es ukanaskneli unda
iyos bani anu dabali bani, Tavdapirveli tonika _ ma-

112
Rali bani anu Semxmobari (18: 121-122). niSandoblivia
Semdegi dakvirveba: simReraSi dabali banis Sematebam-
de maRali bani kilos tonikis funqcias asrulebs,
magram rodesac simReras dabali bani uerTdeba ki-
los tonikuri bgeris saxiT, maRali bani mis kvintur
bgerad iqceva (14, 1961: 20-22), amgvarad, aWarul simRe-
rebSi oTxxmianobis warmoqmnis erT-erTi gza varau-
dobs banis anu dabali banis gaCenas meoTxe xmis sa-
xiT.

nawili aWaruli simRerebisa _ `mgzavruli~ (108.1),

`xinwkala~ (108.2), `CaRma Cayrilo venaxo~ (108.3) da sxv.
_ siaxloves amJRavnebs aRmosavlurqarTul simRereb-
Tan. aqve davsZen, rom zogierTi mkvlevris dakvirve-
biT, `nadurebis~ pirvel samxmian nawilSi, banSi, gab-
muli bgera TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba qarTl-kaxuri
xalxuri simRerebis banisagan (14: 20).

113
 aWarulma sasimRero Semoqmedebam Semogvinaxa ise-
Ti nimuSebi, romlebic arqiteqtonikis siZveliT gamo-
irCeva da qarTuli xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis uZve-
les etapebs asaxavs. aWaruli saferxulo simRera `na
na ninana~ (109. 1, 2) saerTo qarTveluri musikaluri

114
fuZe-enis gamomxatvelia. igi analogiuria aRmosavlur-
qarTuli umartivesi simRerebis, rogoricaa xevsuruli
`nana~ (109.3), TuSuri `nana~ (109.4), qarTluri `herio~
(109.5) da sxv. n. zumbaZem `nana~ ZeobasTan dakavSire-
bul saferxuloTa rigs miakuTvna (16: 299-303). aWaruli

simRera `CaRma Cayrilo venaxo~ (110.1), romelic `iav-

nanas~ intonaciur areSi Sedis, uSualod enaTesaveba
mesxur sasimRero nimuSebs _ `ferxuli~ (110.2), `gegu-
Tisa mindorzeda~ (110.3) da sxv.

115
 aWaruli simRerebis uZvelesi nimuSebi, erTi
mxriv, saerTo qarTveluri musikaluri fuZeenis do-
neze ganixileba, meore mxriv _ mWidrod ukavSirdeba
musikaluri kulturis aRmosavlur-qarTul wres. aWa-
ruli sasimRero Semoqmedebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis
procesi musikaluri kulturis dasavlur-qarTuli
wris wiaRSi mimdinareobs.
dasavlur-qarTuli musikaluri masalis anali-
zis Sedegebidan mkafiod Cans odesRac saerTo-qar-
Tveluri musikaluri fuZe-ena, misi ganviTarebis,
imavdroulad diferenciaciis da semantikuri tran-
sformaciis procesi. rogorc ukve iTqva, erTi harmo-
niuli elementis win wamoweva sxva danarCen harmoni-
ul elementTa urTierTmimarTebis axali formebis
warmoqmnis da Camoyalibebis sawindaria. svanuri sim-
Rerebis Sua, ZiriTadi xma, romelic Tavdapirveli me-
lodiuri formulis Semcvelia, genetikur kavSirSia
aRmosavlur-qarTul simRerebSi arsebul fuZe-han-
gTan da saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis ga-
momxatvelia. svanuri simRerebis Semdgomi melodiur-
intonaciuri da harmoniuli ganviTareba ori zeda
xmis da banis safexurTa TandaTanobiTi gafarToebiT
aRiniSneba. banis safexurTa gafarToeba da, Sesabami-
sad, kiloTa monacvleoba dasavleT saqarTvelos
barSi umaRles dones aRwevs. es procesi rogorc aR-
mosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi, saerTo gziT
mimdinareobs. amave dros TiToeuli maTgani emyareba
qarTuli mravalxmianobis garkveul formas: aRmosav-
lur-qarTuli burdonuls, dasavlur-qarTuli kom-
pleqsurs anu sinqronul xmaTasvlas. rac aranakleb
mniSvnelovania, rogorc dasavlur, ise aRmosavlur-
qarTul simRerebSi naTlad Cans harmoniul elementTa
uwyveti, kanonzomieri ganviTarebis procesi.
amgvarad, musikaluri masala qarTveli xalxis mu-
sikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis TiTqmis yvela safe-
xurs moicavs. mas istoriul-eTnologiuri sakiTxebis
kvlevisaTvis wyaroTmcodneobiTi mniSvneloba aqvs.

116
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( -
, , , 1987.
41. WiTanava q., megruli simRera `kuCxi bedinera~. ma-
salebi saqarTvelos eTnografiisaTvis, XXIII, 1987.

119
 III. qarTuli xalxuri musikis
harmoniis zogierTi sakiTxi

zemoT aRiniSna, rom metyveleba da musika dakav-

Sirebulia adamianis azrovnebasTan. es ori elementi
bgeriT (`miT~) gamoixateba. Tavdapirveli intonacia
_ umartivesi metyvelebis (`sityvis~) elementaruli
gamovlineba _ adamianis mier ama Tu im movlenis aR-
qmisa da Sesabamisi SegrZnebis, gancdis, sulieri
mRelvarebis Sedegia. aqedan gamomdinare, sametyvelo
intonacia, ufro mogvianebiT, musikaluri intonacia
organulad aris dakavSirebuli sulTan. amitom aris
musika RvTaebrivi movlena, romelmac mniSvnelovani
adgili daimkvidra rogorc qristianobis winare xa-
nis rwmena-warmodgenebSi, ise qristianul RvTismsa-
xurebaSi
sagulisxmoa, rom sazogadoebis ganviTarebis
erT-erT adreul etapze intonacia emijneba metyvele-
bas da gaiazreba rogorc musikaluri elementi. igi
moicavs mocemul enaze bgerebis, bgeraTa SeerTebis
Sedegad warmoqmnili JReradobis da sityvis Tan-
mxlebi emociis Taviseburebas, romelic adamianTa
garkveuli jgufisaTvis (mogvianebiT eTnosisaTvis)
aris damaxasiaTebeli. amgvarad, gansazRvrul buneb-
riv garemoSi, adamianis Tu adamianTa garkveuli jgu-
fis mier ama Tu im movlenis SegrZnebiTi aRqma da Se-
sabamisi gancda mJRavndeba sametyvelo intonaciebSi,
romelic, ufro mogvianebiT, uSualod zemoqmedebs
musikalur-intonaciuri azrobrivi erTeulis, Tavda-
pirveli melodiuri formulis, SemdegSi ama Tu im
eTnosisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli musikaluri fuZe-enis
formirebaze.
magiuri qmedebebi musikaluri intonirebis war-
moqmnis erT-erTi safuZveli unda yofiliyo. igi da-
xasiaTebulia rogorc gardamavali safexuri samet-
yvelo da musikalur intonaciaTa Soris. magiur qme-
debebs ukavSireben musikalur-esTetikuri arqetipis

120
Camoyalibebas, romlis maxasiaTeblebia ganmeorebado-
ba, erTgvarovneba da reglamenturoba.
musikaluri intonirebis pirveli faza erT ton-
ze intonirebaa. garkveul intonaciur TanafardobaSi
ori bgeris SeuRleba musikaluri intonaciis, agreT-
ve kilos safuZvelia. ori tonuri simaRliT diferen-
cirebul bgerebs Soris garkveuli urTierTdamoki-
debuleba myardeba, rac gamoixateba am bgerebis in-
tervalur SefardebaSi, urTierTmizidulobaSi da
`Sinagan brZolaSi~. Sedegi maTi funcionaluri dife-
renciaciaa. maT Soris erT-erTi maTgani centraluri
bgeris mniSvnelobas iZens (13: 8-12). vfiqrobT, rom es
centraluri bgera, kilos Camoyalibebis Semdgom
procesSi, banis funqcias SeiZens. pirveladi kilos
daxasiaTebisas i. tiulini aRniSnavs, rom kilos say-
rdenebi, warmoqmnisTanave, iseT intervalur urTier-
TobaSi imyofeba, romelic TviT sametyvelo intona-
ciebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. kilos kvartuli
da kvinturi sayrdenebis gaCenas i. tiulini metyvele-
biT intonaciebSi maT arsebobas miawers (ix. 13: 12).
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aranakleb sainteresoa r.
gruberis mosazreba: adamiani gamoyenebuli tonebis
diapazonis TandaTanobiTi gafarToebisas aRwevs ra
kvartas, didxans Cerdeba masze. es aixsneba ara mxo-
lod sametyvelo intonaciebTan misi diapazonis Se-
satyvisobiT, aramed umTavresad imiT, rom kvarta
pirvelia im intervalTagan, romlebic miRebulia `in-
tonaciuri aris~ TandaTanobiTi gafarToebis proces-
Si, obertonuli naTesaobis mqone intervalTa gamoye-
nebis safuZvelze (4: 50).
zemoxsenebuli msjelobidan gamomdinare, vizia-
rebT qarTvel da sazRvargareTis musikismcodneTa
erTi nawilis mosazrebas musikaluri intonirebis
anu myari bgeruli simaRleebis sametyvelo intonaci-
ebidan momdinareobis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba sxvaTa mo-
sazrebas, romlis mixedviT musikis saTave koleqtiu-

121
ri cekvis metro-ritmSia saZiebeli (13: 7), vfiqrobT,
rom cekvas (albaT igulisxmeba magiuri qmedebani)
mniSvnelovani roli unda Seesrulebina musikaluri
intonaciur-azrobrivi erTeulis CamoyalibebaSi. aqve
davsZenT, rom musikis warmoSobasTan dakavSirebul
mosazrebebs Soris sayuradRebod migvaCnia herbert
spenseris mosazreba musikis emociuri metyvelebidan
anu metyvelebis prosodiuli elementebisagan SesaZ-
lo gaCenis Sesaxeb (ix. 11: 254).
miuxedavad imisa, rom musikismcodneTa mier ga-
mokvleulia bgeraTrigis intonaciuri aTvisebis gze-
bi (1. sekundur-terciuli gafarToeba, 2. naxtomi da
3. naxtomis sekunduri Sevseba) (ix. 13: 13), gamoTqmu-
lia mosazreba myari bgeruli simaRleebis aTvisebis
gansxvavebuli gzis arsebobis Sesaxeb: qarTul xal-
xur musikaSi dadgenilia melodiis ori mimarTuleba
_ aRmavali da daRmavali. sworxazovani daRmavali
mimarTuleba melodiis erT-erTi uadresi saxeobaa.
daZabulobis gamo momRerali iRebs diapazonis umaR-
les bgeras da Semdeg eSveba qveda bgeramde, ZiriTad
sayrden tonamde. amgvari melodia ufro deklamaciaa
da sityvieri teqstis damxmare elementi (1: 96-122).
qarTul xalxur simRerebSi melodiis mimarTulebis
ufro gavrcelebul saxeobad daRmaval moZraobas mi-
iCneven. bgeraTa dacurebiT, glisandirebul moZrao-
baSi jer kidev naTlad ar aris gamokveTili yvela
bgeruli simaRle, gaurkvevelia intervaluri damoki-
debuleba safexurebs Soris, e. i. bgeruli sistema ar
aris diferencirebuli. daRmaval-dacurebiTi melo-
diis sawyisi, `mwvervali saTave~ intonaciurad ufro
gamokveTilia da, SesaZloa, igi myari tonuri simaR-
lis mqone upirveles bgerad Camoyalibebuliyo, Tum-
ca isic ar aris momRerlis mier yovelTvis zustad
fiqsirebuli da garkveuli `smeniTi zonis~ fargleb-
Si meryeobs. Semsrulebels simReris dros ZiriTadi
yuradReba gadatanili aqvs sityvieri teqstis Sinaar-
sze. glisandirebuli melodia dasasruls iq pou-
122
lobs, sadac mTavrdeba leqsis striqoni. melodiis
daRmaval-dacurebiTi moZraobis im formaSi, sadac
diapazoni scildeba kvartis da kvintis intervals,
yvelaze gvian tonikuri sayrdeni iCens Tavs. `mwverva-
li saTavis~ Semdeg, upirveles yovlisa, kilos Sua
sayrdeni ikveTeba, xolo Semdeg _ tonika (13: 14-16, 21).
vfiqrob, rom bgeraTa glisandirebul moZraoba-
Si Tavdapirvelad zeda bgeriTi simaRleebi _ seqsta,
septima, oqtava _ gamokveTili ar aris. damajerebe-
lia mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom `mwvervali saTave~
intonaciurad ufro gamokveTilia, magram, rogorc
aRiniSna, isic ar aris yovelTvis zustad fiqsirebu-
li da meryeobs garkveuli `smeniTi zonis~ fargleb-
Si (simReris amgvar Sesrulebas xSirad Sevswrebivar
religiur dResaswaulebSi (xatobebSi) aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTaSi, xevsureTSi. sityvieri teqstis
Sinaarsi qristianobis winare xanidan momdinare rwme-
na-warmodgenebis kvals Seicavs. simRera emociurad
datvirTulia da ZiriTadad eZRvneba romelime RvTae-
bas an naxevradgaRvTaebrivebul gmirs). bgeraTa daR-
maval-dacurebiT moZraobaSi mudam gamokveTilia me-
lodiis damaboloebeli (mogvianebiT sakadanso) nawi-
li anu is bgerebi, romlebic emociur sawyisze damya-
rebuli zeda bgerebisagan gansxvavebiT, Cveulebriv,
sametyvelo (salaparako) enis diapazonis Sesatyvisia.
igi xasiaTdeba bgeraTa daRmavali moZraobiT kilos
kvartidan qveda sayrden bgeramde anu tonikamde. va-
riantebSi warmodgenilia met-naklebad gansxvavebuli
ritmul-intonaciuri JReradobiT da gafarToebulia
kvintamde (seqstamde, septimamde, oqtavamde). es melo-
diuri formula, romelsac me fuZe-hangi anu saerTo
qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-ena vuwode, universa-
luria, masSi Tavs iyris yvela adre arsebuli musi-
kalur-smeniTi monapovari. amasTanave igi garkveuli
struqturis mqone musikalur-intonaciur areSi Tav-
sdeba da gamoirCeva mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
fonologiuri da morfologiuri wyobiT, raSic im-

123
TaviTve arsebiTi roli unda Seesrulebina sametyve-
lo enis intonaciur Taviseburebas. vfiqrob, rom
farTo diapazonis (seqsta, septima, oqtava) momcvel
daRmaval-dacurebiT melodiaSi (romelic udavod
mniSvnelovania kilos CamoyalibebaSi) emociur saw-
yisze damyarebuli zeda bgerebis diferencireba da
maTi musikalur-azrobrivi datvirTva (musikaluri
bgerebis gamokveTa) ufro gvian moxda. upirveles
yovlisa gamoikveTa kilos kvarta (an kvinta) da _
tonikuri bgera. Semdeg ki _ `mwvervali saTave~. maT
Soris kvarta, ufro mogvianebiT, daRmaval-dacure-
biT melodiaSi `Sua sayrdenis~ mniSvnelobas iZens.
niSandoblivia, rom xevsurul `xmiT~ natirlebSi,
septimis diapazonis mqone daRmaval melodiaSi, musi-
kaluri strofebis SemaerTebeli bgera kilos meoTxe
safexuria (kvartaa).
dadgenilia, rom `kilos organizeba musikaluri
enis da azrovnebis aucilebeli safuZvelia~ (7: 22).
qarTul xalxur simRerebSi banis gaCena uSualo kav-
SirSia kilos organizebasTan, fuZe-hangis, musikalu-
ri fuZe-enis CamoyalibebasTan, romlis damaboloebe-
li bgera imTaviTve gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
iZens. es SemTxveviTi ar aris, radgan polifoniuri
azrovneba qarTvelTa fsiqikis struqturuli elemen-
tia, `qarTuli musikis Sinagani ganviTareba _ warma-
tebis nayofia~ (14: 278, 303), TiToeuli Homo Poliphoni-
cus-is Tandayolili Tviseba da ganuyofeli atribu-
tia (5: 37, 39, 47, 48). musikalur fuZe-enaSi, fuZe-hangSi
musikaluri azris damaboloebeli bgera am hangis
sayrdeni bgeraa anu tonikaa, romlis mimarT sxva da-
narCeni bgerebi garkveul funqcionalur damokidebu-
lebaSi imyofeba da romelic dasabams aZlevs mra-
valxmianobis burdonul formas (hangis damaboloebe-
li ritmulad myari sayrdeni bgeris gaazreba banis
saxiT).

124
 samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazre-
ba, rom qarTul musikalur sistemaSi termin `toni-
kis~ gamoyeneba Zneldeba, vinaidan gabatonebuli cen-
traluri funqcia dinamiuria, Tavisi bunebiT aramya-
ria... gabmuli burdonuli simRerebic ki, cnobili
tonikalurobiT, saqarTveloSi aRiniSneba umniSvne-
lovanesi TaviseburebebiT: burdoni aq dinamiuria, aq-
tiuria da, Sesabamisad, aramyari _ mudam iTxovs ga-
dawyvetas. misi arasimyare igrZnoba mTeli JRerado-
bis manZilze... ar arsebobs arcerTi qarTuli simRe-
ra, ufro metic, arcerTi varianti(!), roca simRera
mTavrdeba igive Sekavebul burdonul tonze, gada-
nacvlebis gareSe. i. Jordanias daskvna aseTia: termin
`tonikis~ gamoyeneba qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri
sistemis mimarT gaumarTlebelia, vinaidan igi mokle-
bulia misi ZiriTadi Taviseburebebidan erT-erT maT-
gans _ simyares. mizanSewonilia ZiriTad funqcias
ewodos `centraluri~, rac miuTiTebs sistemis cen-
tris Sesabamisad, mTeli sistemis aramyar, dinamiur
bunebaze... qarTul xalxur musikalur sistemaSi mu-
sikaluri azris ganviTarebis zemoxsenebuli princi-
pidan gamomdinare _ `aramyarimyari~ (am ukanaskneli
elementis SedarebiTi simyarisas) SeiZleba dadastu-
reba, rom yvela sakadanso formebi Tavis TavSi Sem-
dgomi ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas Seicavs (an zog-
jer iTxovs). simRera viTardeba erTi aRmavali dina-
miuri xaziT da daskvna _ es `fataluri aucileblo-
ba~ JRers Cveulebriv, sakmaod pirobiTad, romelic
ufro metad gvagonebs nawarmoebis ara logikur das-
rulebas, aramed pirobiT SeCerebas im adgilze, sa-
dac is met-naklebad mosaxerxebelia... (10: 47, 48-49,
94). sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, xevsuruli akvnis nanas
variantebis ganxilvisas avtori aRniSnavs: erT-erTi
maTgani mTavrdeba bgeraTrigis meore safexurze da,
Sesabamisad, gamotanilia daskvna, rom swored igia
centri (tonika). sxva variantSi intonireba mTavrdeba
pirvel safexurze, ramac warmoSva sxva versia, rom-

125
lis mixedviT centri (tonika) ara meore, aramed tet-
raqordis pirveli safexuria. arsebobs mesame varian-
tic... avtori svams kiTxvas, ramdeni centri da tonika
SeiZleba hqondes am martiv hangs da, misi dasruleba
romel adgilze SeiZleba miviCnioT sworad... avtoris
ganmarteba amgvaria: `akvnis nanas~ saerTod ar gaaCnia
dasasruli. misi intonireba xdeba musikaluri for-
mis ara logikur daboloebamde, aramed im dromde,
vidre ar aris realizebuli Tavad intonirebis soci-
aluri funqcia (daiZina bavSvma). amis Semdeg. ama Tu
im adgilze intonirebis Sewyveta sakmaod nebismierad
xdeba. amitom ar aris gamarTlebuli moinaxos das-
rulebis erTaderTi swori wertili da sxva varian-
tebi CaiTvalos `arasworad~ (10: 95).
zemoxsenebul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT gansxva-
vebuli mosazreba gvaqvs. vidre xevsuruli `akvnis na-
nas~ variantebze visaubrebT, upirveles yovlisa, qar-
Tul musikalur sistemaSi termin `tonikis~ gamoyene-
bis sakiTxs SevexebiT. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, fu-
Ze-hangSi Tavs iyris yvela adre arsebuli musika-
lur-smeniTi monapovari. musikaluri azris damabo-
loebeli bgera hangis sayrdenia anu tonikuri bgeraa,
romelic dasabams aZlevs mravalxmianobis burdonul
formas. igi gaazrebulia rogorc melodiisaTvis
ritmulad myari bgera, romelic mogvianebiT banis
funqcias iZens da safuZvlad edeba harmoniul ele-
mentTa Semdgom gafarToeba-ganviTarebas. magaliTad,
qvemoT warmodgenili sailustracio masalidan
(`unda mogwero werili~ (1), `me var da Cemi nabadi~
(2), `SiraqSi wasvlas amboben~ (3), `kviriola~ (4)) #1-
Si (Sesrulebulia sakravis Tanxlebis gareSe), ki-
los tonika (re) gaiazreba rogorc melodiis sayrde-
ni, myari tonikuri bgera, romelic mTel winadadeba-
ze vrceldeba, anu ar xdeba tonikuri bgeris droebi-
Ti gadanacvleba kilos VII safexurze.

126
 igive SeiniSneba #2 simReris akompanementSi (gar-
moni), sadac bani mTeli winadadebis manZilze ucvle-
lia. #3-Si (Sesrulebulia sakravis Tanmxlebis gareSe)
winadadebis bolos Cndeba bgera re. igi gaiazreba ro-
gorc banis VII dominanturi safexuri, romelic kvlav
ubrundeba I, ZiriTad safexurs. #4-Si warmodgenilia
reCitatiuli burdoni. aqac Cndeba banis VII safexuri,
romelic iqve ubrundeba I safexurs.
harmoniul elementTa TandaTanobiTi ganviTare-
bis procesi da imavdroulad maT Soris mWidro ur-
TierTkavSiri mkafiod Cans aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTielTa saferxulo simRerebSi.

127
128
 #7-Si kilos meore safexuri gafarToebulia. Se-
sabamisad amisa, banSi VII safexuri, romelic melodi-
aSi warmodgenili kilos gafarToebuli meore safe-
xuris harmoniuli sayrdenia, agreTve gafarToebulia.
#8-Si, banSi VII safexuri Cndeba kilos gafarToebul
meore safexurze (la), romelic ZiriTadad imeorebs
melodias. Semdegi variantebidan pirvel maTganSi
calkeuli frazebi, xolo meoreSi yvela fraza banSi
kilos gafarToebul VII safexurs emyareba, romelic
frazis bolos kilos pirvel safexurSi gadadis. ma-
galiTebidan Cans, rom banSi VII safexuri TandaTan
farTovdeba da melodiis ZiriTad harmoniul sayrde-
nad iqceva, ris gamoc igi scildeba VII safexuris
(dominanta) funqcias da ormagi funqciis matarebeli
xdeba: erTi mxriv, gafarToebuli VII safexuria, fra-
zis bolos mocemuli ZiriTadi kilos I safexuris
(tonika) mimarT, meore mxriv, gafarToebis Sedegad
miRebuli axali kilos I safexuria, Tumca es ukanas-
kneli srul damoukideblobas mainc ver aRwevs da
kvlav gadadis Tavdapirveli kilos I safexurSi. ama-
ve dros Cndeba modulaciuri kadansis (`eoliuri ka-
dansi~) Canasaxi da a. S. mravalferovani musikaluri
masala SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT
harmoniul elementTa logikuri ganviTarebis pro-
cess. es procesi am elementTa mWidro urTierTkav-
SirSi mimdinareobs. aqve davsZenT, rom qarTuli xal-
xuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kiloTa Soris
uZvelesi, Tavdapirveli kiloebia frigiuli da eo-
liuri. doriul, miqsolidiur da ionur kiloTa win
wamoweva dakavSirebulia banSi damxmare safexurTa
gafarToebasTan. es is kiloebia, romlebsac ZiriTa-
dad emyareba qarTuli xalxuri musika.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, samxmiani simRerebis
banSi ZiriTadi kilos V-IV safexurebi VII-VI safe-
xurTa gafarToebis Sedegad mkvidrdeba. musikaluri
masalis analizi cxadyofs, rom banSi warmoqmnili
damxmare safexurebi, erTi mxriv, erTiandeba Tavda-

129
pirvel kiloSi, meore mxriv, axali, damoukidebeli
kilos tonikad gvevlineba. am mxriv sayuradReboa V-
IV safexurebi, romlebic damoukidebeli kilos I sa-
fexuris funqciis SeZenisas, Tavdapirveli kilos to-
nikaSi modulaciis saSualebiT gadadis. simRerebSi
kiloTa monacvleoba garkveul kanonzomierebas emya-
reba. gurul simRerebSi harmoniul elementTa ganvi-
Tareba specifikurad mimdinareobs. bani uaRresad mo-
biluria. I, VII, VI, V, IV safexurTa monacvleobas ad-
gili aqvs ara marto erTi kilos farglebSi, aramed
im kiloebSic, romlebic banSi damxmare safexurTa
gafarToebis Sedegad warmoiqmneba. ufro metic, banis
safexurTa gafarToebiT miRebul damoukidebel ki-
loTa damxmare safexurebi, zog SemTxvevaSi TviT
iZens droebiT damoukideblobas.
amgvarad, erTi harmoniuli elementis win wamo-
weva sxva danarCen elementTa urTierTmimarTebis axa-
li formebis warmoqmnisa da Camoyalibebis sawinda-
ria. yovelive amis safuZveli ki, Tavdapirveli, myari,
burdonuli bania, romlis mimarT sxva danarCeni bge-
rebi garkveul funqcionalur damokidebulebaSia da,
romelic dasabams aZlevs harmoniul elementTa Sem-
dgom ganviTarebas. modulaciis Sedegad miRebul
droebiT Tu damoukidebel axal kiloSi myisierad
gaiazreba kilos I, sayrdeni safexuri, saidanac iwye-
ba axali musikaluri azris improvizireba kvlav mo-
dulaciebis mravalferovani variaciebiT; frazis, wi-
nadadebis Tu simReris bolos warmodgenili modu-
laciuri kadansebiT, rac saboloo jamSi gvaZlevs
erT mTlian ganumeorebel kompozicias. swored ama-
Sia qarTveli xalxis unikaluri polifoniuri az-
rovnebis mentaluri Tavisebureba.
zemoxsenebuli msjelobidan gamomdinare, vfiq-
rob, rom formula aramyari myari unda Seicvalos
formuliT myari aramyari da a. S... garda amisa, mi-
maCnia, rom termini `centraluri funqcia~ araviTar

130
SemTxvevaSi ar gamoricxavs qarTul musikalur sis-
temaSi termin `tonikis~ gamoyenebas.
rac Seexeba xevsurul `nanas~ variantebs, ro-
gorc zemoT aRiniSna, i. Jordania yuradRebas amaxvi-
lebs am variantebis daboloebis sxvadasxva versieb-
ze da svams kiTxvas, ramdeni centri da tonika SeiZ-
leba hqondes am martiv hangs da, misi dasruleba ro-
mel adgilze SeiZleba miviCnioT sworad. misi into-
nireba xdeba musikaluri formis ara logikur dabo-
loebamde, aramed _ im dromde, vidre ar aris reali-
zebuli Tavad intonirebis socialuri funqcia (dai-
Zina bavSvma). amis Semdeg intonirebis Sewyveta sakma-
od nebismierad xdeba. amitom ar aris gamarTlebuli
moinaxos dasrulebis erTaderTi swori wertili da
sxva variantebi CaiTvalos `arasworad~.
vfiqrobT, rom `nanas~ variantebis arsebobas,
upirveles yovlisa, ganapirobebs SemsrulebelTa indi-
vidualuri gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi da, aqedan gamom-
dinare, sruliad bunebrivia am variantTa dasrulebis
sxvadasxva versiebis arsebobac. yovel versias gaaCnia
Tavisi logikuri dasasruli. maT Soris im versiasac,
romelic `kilos meore safexuriT~ mTavrdeba.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `simRera~ sityvieri teq-

stis (leqsis) da musikaluri teqstis (melodiis) er-
Tobliobaa. es ori elementi semantikurad erTmaneTs
Seesatyviseba. melodia Sesrulebis xasiaTiT esadage-
ba sityvieri teqstis (leqsis) Sinaarss. niSandobli-
via, rom simRera niSnavs `leqsis damRerebiT Tqmas~.
simReris amgvari interpretacia ukanasknel dromde
SemorCaT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielebs. simRe-
raSi frazebi an musikaluri strofi (Tu winadadeba)
mudam emTxveva leqsis striqons an strofs. amave
dros simRera yofis elementia. magaliTad, akvnis na-

131
nas Sesrulebisas Tu bavSvma daiZina, am konkretul
SemTxvevaSi, bunebrivia, Semsrulebeli mReras daas-
rulebs. zemoxsenebuli `nanas~ musikaluri teqstidan
irkveva, rom simRera `Sewyvetili~ ki ar aris, aramed
aq musikaluri azri dasrulebulia: `nanas~ yoveli
fraza kilos meore safexuriT (re) mTavrdeba, rasac
momdevno frazebis dasawyisSi mosdevs kilos pirve-
li safexuri, tonika (do). es ukanaskneli kilos me-
oTxe safexurTan (fa) erTad melodiis harmoniul
sayrdens warmoadgens. sayuradReboa, rom ev. Woxone-
liZe SeCerebas meryev tonze, musikaluri azris game-
orebis da amasTanave gamomsaxvelobis axal saSuale-
bad, formis Semqmnel elementad miiCnevs (13: 23-24). me-
ore safexuri, am SemTxvevaSi frazebis SemaerTebeli
bgeris funqcias iTavsebs. magram simReris bolos
bgera re kilos meore safexurad gaiazreba? Tu da-
vukvirdebiT pirveli musikaluri strofi (Sedgeba
oTxi frazisagan) mTavrdeba kilos meore safexuriT,
romelic sityvieri da musikaluri teqstebis azrob-
rivi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare fermataTi aRiniSne-
ba. igi garkveulwilad umartivesi frigiuli kadan-
sis Sedegad miRebuli frigiuli kilos pirveli sa-
fexuris elfers iZens. magram momdevno, meore musika-
luri strofis pirveli frazis mimarT igi kvlav me-
ore safexuris funqcias ubrundeba. simReris dasas-
ruls ki, kilos meore safexuri frigiuli kilos
pirveli safexuris anu tonikis mniSvnelobas iZens,
romlis mimarT bgera do (Tavdapirveli kilos toni-
ka) VII safexuria. am mosazrebas ganamtkicebs qar-
Tluri akvnis simRera `nanina Svilo~ (6).

132
 Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom polifoniuri azrov-
neba qarTveli xalxis fsiqikis struqturuli elemen-
tia, Sinagani bunebaa, simReris erTxmianobas ganapi-
robebs mxolod da mxolod misi Sesrulebis wesi
(funqcia yofaSi). aseT viTarebaSi erTxmiani simReris
mowyveta harmoniuli gaazrebisagan, vfiqrob, ar unda
iyos swori. qarTul xalxur erTxmian simRerebSi ba-
nis gaazrebis araerTi SemTxveva gvxvdeba. magaliTad,
erTxmian `orovelaSi~ mi-bemoli Cndeba winadadebis
damaboloebel frazaSi, rac migvaniSnebs imaze, rom
aq, banSi gaazrebuli unda iyos la kilos gafarToe-
buli VII safexuri (sol).

am mosazrebas mxars uWers is garemoebac, rom

pirveli winadadebis bolos mocemul frazaSi, rome-
lic sakadanso saqcevs ganamtkicebs, Cndeba nagulis-
xmevi banis VII safexuri (sol), romelic kilos pir-
vel safexurTan erTad melodiisaTvis harmoniuli
sayrdenis funqcias iZens (8: 171-172). faruli orxmia-
noba agreTve SeigrZnoba erTxmiani simReris uSua-
lod yofaSi mosmenisas, rodesac momRerali melodi-
as sakravis Tanxlebis gareSe asrulebs im SemTxveva-
Si, Tu mas im dros sakravi xelT ara aqvs (amgvari
erTxmiani nimuSebi xandaxan xalxuri simRerebis kre-
bulebSic gvxvdeba).
modulaciuri kadansebi da misi variantebi Tu
variaciebi, romlebic mravlad gvxvdeba qarTul xal-
xur simRerebSi, orgvari funqciis Semcvelia: erTi
mxriv, es musikaluri nageboba simReraSi harmoniul
elementTa axali formebis warmoqmnis sawindaria. me-

133
ore mxriv igi kadansia, romelic mudam mTavrdeba
myar tonikur bgeraze, anu simReris bolos misi SeCe-
reba xdeba modulaciis Sedegad miRebul axali ki-
los I safexurze anu tonikaze, romelic amave dros
ritmulad myaria (garda amisa, sakadanso svlas Tan
axlavs agreTve simReris tempis Seneleba, sakadanso
saqcevis gameoreba da a. S.).
modulaciuri kadansi, romelic Tavdapirvelad
martivi struqturis mqone simRerebSi Cndeba, sazoga-
dod, qarTul xalxur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi, gansa-
kuTrebiT ki, maRalganviTarebul polifoniur simRe-
rebSi, virtuozuli xasiaTis Tavisufali improviza-
ciaa, romelic simReris bolos, garkveulwilad, ka-
denciis mniSvnelobas iZens. am mxrivac qarTuli xal-
xuri simRera udavod unikaluria.
musikaluri masala saSualebas iZleva Tvali ga-
vadevnoT qarTul xalxur simRerebSi harmoniul
elementTa istoriuli ganviTarebis process.

literatura:

1. aslaniSvili S., narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri sim-

Rerebis Sesaxeb, I, Tbilisi, 1954.
2. aslaniSvili S., narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri sim-
Rerebis Sesaxeb, II, Tbilisi, 1956.
3. baRaSvili v., qarTuli musikaluri folkloris
esTetikis saTaveebTan, avtoreferati, Tbilisi,
2005.
4. gruberi _ . ., , I,
, 1941.

134
5. zemcovski _ Zemtsovsky I. I., Polyphony as a way of creating
and thinking: The musikal identity of homo polyphonicus. The
First International Sumposium Traditional Polyphony, Tbilisi,
State Conservatoire, 2002.
6. kalandaZe-maxaraZisa n., qarTuli xalxuri sabav-
Svo musika, `mzev Sin Semodio~. Semdgeneli n. ka-
landaZe-maxaraZisa, proeqtis samecniero xelmZRva-
neli da musikaluri redaqtori kukuri Woxoneli-
Ze, Tb., 2004.
7. mazeli _ . ., , -,
1952.
8. maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis harmo-
niis zogierTi sakiTxi, masalebi saqarTvelos eT-
nografiisaTvis, XXI, Tbilisi, 1981.
9. maisuraZe _ . ., -
, , 1990.
10. Jordania _ ., -
,
, 1989.
11. Jordania i., Jami brZolisa da Jami mSvidobisa:
simRera da RiRini adamianuri evoluciis saTaveeb-
Si. kadmosi, humanitarul kvlevaTa Jurnali, 1.
2009.
12. CxikvaZe gr., qarTuli xalxuri simRera, I, redaq-
tori gr. CxikvaZe, Tbilisi, 1960.
13. WoxoneliZe ev., qarTuli xalxuri simReris kilo-
uri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. qarTuli xalxuri musi-
kis kilo, melodika da ritmi, samecniero Srome-
bis krebuli, Tbilisi, 1983.
14. javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli musikis istoriis Ziri-
Tadi sakiTxebi, Tb., 1990, II gamocema.

135
 IV. musikaluri da poeturi metris da ritmis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi

musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZvelesi

safexurebi, reliqtis saxiT, xevsurulma umartivesma
simRerebma Semogvinaxa. interess iwvevs am simRerebSi
melodiis da Tanmxlebi sityvieri teqstis metris da
ritmis urTierTmimarTeba.
jvarionis simRera*

pirobiTi niSnebi:
- melodiis taqtis xazi
- melodiis frazis aRmniSvneli
musikaluri bgeris grZlioba:

...............
musikaluri teqstis Tanmxleb sityvier teqstSi gaT-
valiswinebulia qarTuli enis xevsuruli dialeqtis Tavi-
sebureba, mTqmelis mier leqsSi dasmuli maxvilebi.

136
 rogorc sqemidan irkveva melodiis yoveli taqti
Sedgeba dipondesgan, romlis TiToeuli grZeli bge-
ra (am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs musikaluri
bgera) izoqronizmis wyalobiT SeiZleba Seicvalos
ori Tanazomieri bgeriT. melodiis taqtebTan leqsis
terfebis Sedarebisas irkveva, rom melodiis pirveli
taqti moicavs leqsis ara mxolod pirvel terfs _ am-
fibraqs, aramed meore terfis _ qores pirvel maxvili-
an marcvals. meore taqti moicavs meore terfis _ qo-
res umaxvilo marcvals da mesame terfs _ daqtils. me-
same taqti moicavs leqsis meore taepis pirvel terfs
_ daqtils da meore terfis _ qores pirvel maxvilian
marcvals, meoTxe taqti _ qores umaxvilo marcvals
da mesame terfs _ daqtils. msgavsi viTarebaa Semdegi
terfebisa da taqtebis Sedarebisas. sakiTxis ufro na-
Telsayofad qvemoT SevCerdebiT calke aRebuli taq-
tis da terfis urTierTmimarTebaze.

mocemul taqtSi dispontes ukanasknel grZel

bgeras cvlis ori mokle bgera, romelsac Seesabameba
meore terfis _ qores maxviliani marcvali. es uka-
naskneli, eqvemdebareba ra taqtSi mocemuli bgerebis
grZliobas , iyofa or ufro mcire, Tanatoli

grZliobis erTeulad , ris Sedegad silabur-to-

nuri leqsTwyobis principebi irRveva. jer erTi, qar-
Tuli leqsTwyobisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli
grZeli da mokle xmovnebi, rac ar aris agreTve dama-
xasiTebeli saerTod, qarTuli enisaTvis, garda cal-
keuli SemTxvevebisa (1: 110), anu silabur-tonuri leq-
sTwyobis terfi Sedgeba Tanatoli grZliobis erTi
an ramdenime umaxvilo da maxviliani xmovnebis er-

137
Tobliobisagan. mocemul magaliTSi meore terfis,
qores pirveli maxviliani xmovnis gayofa ori Tana-
toli grZliobis erTeulad, gvaZlevs anapests kvan-
titeturi leqsTwyobisa, romelic miiReba pirobiTad

spondesgan , rac arRvevs silabur-tonuri

leqsTwyobis princips.
meore taqti:

erTi SexedviT, Tu yuradRebis gareSe davtovebT im

Seusabamobas, romelic terfsa da taqts Soris arsebobs,
taqtSi mocemuli bgerebi, grZliobis TvalsazrisiT em-
Txveva sityvieri teqstis marcvlebs, rac TiTqos melo-
diis da sityvieri teqstis Sesabamisobaze miuTiTebs, mag-
ram aq ukve dgeba maxvilTa urTierTobis sakiTxi melo-
diasa da sityvier teqsts Soris, romelic exeba mTel
simReras da teqsts. simReris zoma 4/4-ia, e. i. aq mocemu-
lia rTuli orwiladi metri, romelic Seicavs or max-
vils. Zlieri maxvili emTxveva taqtis pirvel meoTxeds,
xolo SedarebiT susti _ mesame meoTxeds. SevadaroT
erTmaneTs taqtebsa da terfebSi mocemuli maxvilebi:

simReris yoveli frazis da leqsis strofSi mocemu-

li meore da meoTxe taepebis dasawyisSi maxvilebi
138
erTmaneTs emTxveva, sxva SemTxvevaSi ki _ ara. leqsis
amfibraquli da qore-daqtiluri metri eqvemdebareba
melodiis metrs. rogorc irkveva zemoT ganxiluli
simReridan, sityvieri teqstis ritmi da metri eqvemde-
bareba melodiis ritms da metrs, ris Sedegad aSkara
xdeba melodiis upiratesoba sityvieri teqstis mi-
marT. msgavsi viTarebaa danarCen xevsurul simRereb-
Sic, magaliTad: `beRliskruli~ (5), `Satil movidis
laSqari~ (6), `zenaiT ibarebian~ (7), `nana~ (8) da sxv.

beRliskruli

Satil movidis laSqari

139
 1. terfebi eqvemdebareba taqtebs: a) taqtebi terfebs
yofs (ix. meore frazis mesame-meoTxe da mexuTe-meeqvse
taqtebi), b) terfebis grZlioba eqvemdebareba taqtebis
grZliobas. garda amisa, simReris Sesrulebisas momRera-
li terfebs aklebs an amatebs marcvlebs. mag.: meSvide-
merve-mecxre taqtebSi nacvlad taepisa `vavkesa davdgis
lavSqari, momReralma warmoTqva: `vavkes davdgis lavSqari.
meoce-ocdameerTe-ocdameore taqtebSi nacvlad taepisa
`Cuvas lavgazas ivkiTxven~ momReralma warmoTqva: _ `Cuvas
lavgazavdas ivkiTxven~.
2. terfebSi mocemul marcvalTa grZloba eqvemdeba-
reba taqtebSi mocemul marcvalTa grZliobas.
3. mesame frazis mesame-meoTxe, mexuTe-meeqvse taqteb-
Si da meoTxe frazis meore taqtis Sesabamis terfebSi
mocemuli maxvilebi eqvemdebareba melodiis metrs, sxva
SemTxvevaSi ki, Seesabameba mas.
terfebis da taqtebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT sayuradReboa erTi garemoeba. melodiis
metri periodulad cvalebadia (2/4 da 3/4) da igi Seesaba-
meba leqsis qore- daqtilur metrs, Tumca terfebi, ro-
gorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, grZlobis TvalsazrisiT eq-
vemdebareba taqtebs.
zenaiT ibarebian

140
 1. terfebi eqvemdebareba taqtebs: a) taqtebi ter-
febs yofs (ix. pirveli frazis pirvel-meore, meoTxe-
mexuTe, meaTe-meTerTmete taqtebi, meore frazis
pirveli-meore, mesame meoTxe, meeqvse-meSvide taqtebi).
meore frazis mexuTe-meeqvse-meSvide taqtebSi, momRe-
ralma taeps Caumata marcvali `da~. unda iyos: mTav
bari davRistanivsao. momReralma warmosTqva: mTav da
bari davRistnivsao. b) terfebi, grZliobis Tvalsazri-
siT, eqvemdebareba taqtebs.
2. terfebSi mocemuli marcvlebis grZlioba eq-
vemdebareba taqtebSi mocemul bgeraTa grZliobas.
3. pirveli frazis meore, mexuTe, meaTe, meTer-
Tmete taqtebis da meore frazis meore, mesame, meoT-
xe, meTormete taqtebis Sesabamis terfebSi mocemuli
maxvilebi eqvemdebareba melodiis metrs, sxva Sem-
TxvevaSi ki, Seesabameba mas.

nana

1. terfebis grZlioba eqvemdebareba taqtebis

grZliobas.
2. terfebSi mocemuli marcvlebis grZlioba eq-
vemdebareba taqtebSi mocemul bgeraTa grZliobas.
3. leqsis metri eqvemdebareba melodiis metrs.
im simRerebSi, sadac simReris metri gansazRvru-
li ar aris, melodiisaTvis amosavali aris fraza,
romelic moicavs leqsis naxevartaeps an taeps. melo-
dia frazis SigniT Tavisuflad moZraobs da taepis
Tu naxevartaepis ritmi mTlianad eqvemdebareba melo-

141
dias, (am ukanasknelSi gansazRvruli ar aris grZeli
da mokle bgerebis kanonzomieri Tanmimdevroba). gar-
da amisa, melodiis zegavleniT sityvier teqstSi Cad-
gmulia damatebiTi sityvebi da marcvlebi. melodiu-
ri mimoqcevebis zegavleniT taepSi Tu naxevartaepSi
mocemuli sityvebi orad iyofa (ix. `natirlebi~ da
`mTiblurebi~).
zemoT warmodgenili musikaluri da sityvieri
teqstebis metris da ritmis SedarebiTi analizis Se-
degebi mkafiod warmoaCens melodiisadmi sityvieri
teqstis daqvemdebarebis process.

literatura

1. gawerilia a., klasikuri leqsi, Tbilisi, 1953.

simRerebis saZiebeli

#1, 4. jvarionis simRera. aslaniSvili S., narkvevebi

qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis Sesaxeb, II, Tbilisi,
1956, gv. 59.
5. beRliskruli. aslaniSvili S., narkvevebi... II, gv. 59.
6. Satil movidis laSqari. qarTuli xalxuri simRe-
ra, I, redaqtori gr. CxikvaZe, Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 14.
7. zenaiT ibarebian. qarTuli xalxuri simRera, I,
redaqtori gr. CxikvaZe, gv. 14.
8. nana. aslaniSvili S., narkvevebi... II, gv. 67; qarTuli
xalxuri simRera, I, redaqtori gr. CxikvaZe, gv. 6.

142
 V. kiloebis Sesaxeb qarTul xalxur
simRerebSi

zemoT aRiniSna, rom erTi harmoniuli elementis

win wamoweva sxva danarCen elementTa urTierTmimar-
Tebis axali formebis warmoqmnis da Camoyalibebis sa-
windaria (ix. Tavi II). kvlav davubrundeT musikalur
masalas, kerZod, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa
saferxulo simRerebis or- da samxmian variantebs.
fSauri `jvaris winas~ (1) musikalur teqstSi, banSi
VII safexuri Cndeba kilos meore safexurTan mimarTe-
baSi da wydeba tonikaSi. fSaur `ferxisaSi~ (2) kilos
meore safexuri gafarToebulia. Sesabamisad, banis
VII safexuri, romelic melodiaSi mocemuli meore

safexuris harmoniuli sayrdenia, agreTve gafarToe-

bulia. xevsurul `ferxisulSi~ (3) banSi VII safexu-
ri Cndeba kilos gafarToebul meore safexurze. xev-

suruli `ferxisulis~ ori variantidan pirvel maTgan-

Si (4) calkeuli frazebi, xolo meoreSi (5) yvela fra-
za banSi emyareba VII safexurs, romelic frazis bo-
los gadadis Tavdapirveli kilos pirvel safexurSi.

143
 magaliTebidan Cans, rom banSi VII safexuri Tan-
daTan farTovdeba da melodiis ZiriTad harmoniul
sayrdenad iqceva, ris gamoc igi nawilobriv scilde-
ba VII safexuris funqcias da ormagi funqciis mata-
rebeli xdeba: erTi mxriv, gafarToebuli VII safexu-
ria, frazis bolos mocemuli ZiriTadi kilos pirve-
li safexuris mimarT, meore mxriv, gafarToebis Sede-
gad miRebuli axali kilos I safexuria, Tumca es
ukanaskneli srul damoukideblobas mainc ver aRwevs
da kvlav gadadis ZiriTadi kilos I safexurSi (toni-
kaSi). imavdroulad Cndeba modulaciuri kadansis _
`qarTuli~ (eoliuri) kadansis Canasaxi (I VII I). ze-
moT ganxiluli magaliTebidan SesaZlebeli gaxda
erTi garkveuli kilos mqone melodiaSi axal kilos
warmoqmnisa da modulaciuri kadansis Casaxvis pro-
cesis danaxva. msgavsi magaliTebi, romlebSic melo-
dia emyareba banSi gafarToebul VII safexurs,
gvxvdeba gudamayrul (`ferxisa~ (6)), mTiulur (`sa-
ferxulo~ (7)) da moxeur (`gergetula~ (8)) simRereb-
Si.

144
magaliTebidan irkveva, rom simRerebs safuZvlad
udevs frigiuli da eoliuri kiloebi. banSi VII safe-
xuris gafarToebam win wamoswia doriuli da miqso-
lidiuri kiloebi. aqve davsZenT, rom mTiulur sa-
ferxulo simRerebSi, magaliTad, `ferxisaSi~ (9) zo-
gierTi fraza banSi gafarToebul VII safexurs emya-
reba, magram am SemTxvevaSi igi ganamtkicebs wina
frazaSi mocemul banis VII safexurs.

moxeur `gergetulaSi~ (8) zogierTi fraza srul-

deba Tavdapirvel sol kiloSi, zogi emyareba banSi
gafarToebul VII safexurs, romelic imave dros fa
kilos I safexurad gaiazreba. moxeuri `saferxulos~
(10) yvela frazaSi, banSi gabatonebulia la kilos ga-
farToebuli VII safexuri, romelic agreTve damouki-
debeli sol kilos pirveli safexuris funqcias
iZens. frazis dasawyisSi banSi mocemuli bgera si-be-

145
moli unda ganvixiloT rogorc sol kilos pirveli
safexuris tercia, romelic Semdeg taqtSi gadadis

pirveli safexuris primaSi. mexuTe taqtSi sol kilos

pirveli safexuri Tavis mxriv iCens meSvide safexurs
(fa), magram sakadanso svla Tavdapirveli la kilos
pirveli safexurisaken, cvlis winare safexurTa fun-
qcionalur urTierTmimarTebas. la kilos pirveli
safexuris mimarT sol kilos meSvide safexuri (fa)
icvlis funqcias da gardaiqmneba mis meeqvse safexu-
rad, xolo sol kilos pirveli safexuri _ meSvide
safexurad, ris gamoc sakadanso svlaSi miiReba safe-
xurTa Semdegi Tanmimdevroba: droebiTi sol kilos
VII=VI la kilo, VII I. aqve davsZenT, rom `saferxu-
loSi~ (10) la kilos meeqvse safexuri (fa-la) amave
dros garkveul damoukideblobasac iZens imis gamo,
rom misi momdevno meSvide safexuri, romelic primisa
da terciis saxiT aris warmodgenili (sol-si-bemoli),
meryeobs la kilos meeqvse da pirvel safexurebs So-
ris. garda amisa, meeqvse safexuri mocemulia taqtis
Zlier droze da damoukidebeli kilos pirveli safe-
xuris niSnebs iZens, ris gamoc Cndeba frigiuli kadan-
sis Canasaxi (I II III (I)). SemdegSi, banSi meSvide safexu-
ris gafarToebis msgavsad, meeqvse safexuris gafarToe-
bis safuZvelze yalibdeba frigiuli kadansi. `gergetu-
laSi~ (8) droebiTi fa kilos meSvide safexuri (mi-be-
moli-sol) kadanasSi ar monawileobs.
zemoT ganxilul saferxulo simRerebs safuZ-
vlad udevs frigiuli da eoliuri kiloebi. doriu-
li da miqsolidiuri kiloebis win wamoweva, dakavSi-
rebulia banSi meSvide safexuris gafarToebasTan. es

146
kiloebi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebel, ZiriTad kiloTa rigs miekuTvneba. banSi ga-
farToebuli meSvide safexuris Tavdapirvel kilos-
Tan mimarTebaSi epizodurad Cndeba agreTve hipofri-

giuli kilo. zemoT aRniSnuli gvqonda, rom moxeur

`gergetulaSi (8) zogierTi fraza sruldeba Tavda-
pirvel sol kiloSi, xolo sxva frazebi emyareba
banSi gafarToebul meSvide safexurs, romelic dro-
ebiT damoukidebeli fa kilos pirveli safexuris
niSnebs iZens. misi uSualo variantis moxeuri `safer-
xulos~ (11) yvela frazaSi gabatonebulia la kilos
gafarToebuli meSvide safexuri, romelic agreTve
damoukidebeli sol kilos pirveli safexuris fun-
qcias iZens. aseT SemTxvevaSi, melodiaSi bgera mi-be-
moli unda miviCnioT axali sol kilos dadablebul
meeqvse safexurad. amgvarad, sol doriul kilos,
romelic unda warmoqmniliyo banSi meSvide safexu-
ris gafarToebisas, Caenacvla sol eoluri kilo,
romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, erT-erTi ZiriTadia sa-
ferxulo simRerebSi. frazis bolos sol kilo
kvlav ubrundeba Tavdapirveli la kilos pirvel sa-
fexurs, romelic winare eoliur kiloSi mocemuli
dadablebuli meeqvse safexuris gavleniT hipofrigi-
uli kilos niSnebiT gaiazreba. Semdeg frazebSi TiT-
qos unda ganxorcieldes hipofrigiuli kilos rea-
luri arseboba, magram frazis dasawyisSive, banSi
kvlav Cndeba la kilos gafarToebuli meSvide safe-
xuris, an damoukidebeli sol eoluri kilos pirve-
li safexuris tercia (si-bemoli), romelic iqve gada-
dis pirveli safexuris primaSi. sainteresoa, Tu ra
saxiT vlindeba hipofrigiuli kilo aRmosavleT sa-

147
qarTvelos mTielTa sxva saferxulo simRerebSi. gu-
damayruli `ferxisas~ (12) pirvel frazaSi melodias
bani (si) uerTdeba frazis bolos, kilos tonikaze,
unisonSi. erTi SexedviT melodia sruldeba si hi-
pofrigiul kiloSi, ramdenadac masSi dadablebulia
kilos mexuTe safexuri da harmoniul sayrdenad sa-
gulisxmoa frazis bolos mocemuli si kilos tonika.

magram vfiqrobT, rom Semsruleblis mier ar iyo ga-

azrebuli hipofrigiuli kilo, radgan meore frazis
dasawyisSive banSi si bgeras Caenacvla la. es ukanas-
kneli ki si kilos gafarToebuli meSvide safexuria,
romelic droebiT axali (am SemTxvevaSi eoliuri)
kilos niSnebs iZens. igi TiTqos avsebs pirvel fra-
zaSi bans da migvaniSnebs, rom masSi gaazrebulia la
eoliuri kilo, romelic banSi win wamoiwia meSvide
safexuris gafarToebis Sedegad. mTiuluri `jvaris
winas~ (13) melodia, banSi emyareba la kilos pirvel
safexurs da gafarToebul VII safexurs (sol), rome-
lic axali, droebiTi sol kilos pirveli safexuris
niSnebs iZens. frazis bolos, pirvel

xmaSi Cndeba bgera mi-bemoli, romelic la kilos pir-

vel safexurTan erTad hipofrigiuli kilos niSnebs
iZens, magram Semdegi frazis dasawyisSi, banSi mocemu-

148
li gafarToebuli meSvide safexuris (sol) tercia (si-
bemoli) migvaniSnebs, rom mi-bemoli winaswari bgeraa
droebiTi sol eoluri kilosaTvis. `jvaris winas~
pirveli frazis dasawyisSi melodiis harmoniuli say-
rdeni gaurkvevelia, mxolod frazis bolos Cndeba la
kilos meSvide safexuri (sol), romelic gadadis pir-
vel safexurSi (la). aqedan gamomdinare, melodia TiT-
qos la hipofrigiul kiloSi JRers, vinaidan masSi ki-
los mexuTe safexuri dadablebulia, magram vfiqrobT,
rom xsenebul frazaSi banSi gaazrebuli unda iyos la
kilos gafarToebuli meSvide safexuri (sol). niSan-
doblivia, rom meore frazis dasawyisSi (mexuTe taqti),
pirvel da meore xmebSi mocemulia si-bemol _ re, ro-
melic banis meSvide safexuris (sol) nawils unda war-
moadgendes terciis da kvintis saxiT. `jvaris winas~
danarCeni winadadebebi, pirvel frazaSi, romelic yove-
li winadadebis bolos mocemul la kilos tonikas
mosdevs, kilos mexuTe safexuri amaRlebulia.
analizma cxadyo, rom im kiloTagan, romlebic
saferxulo simRerebSi win wamoiwia banSi meSvide sa-
fexuris gafarToebis Sedegad, magaliTad, doriuli
da miqsolidiuri, realurad arsebul kiloebad gvev-
lineba da ZiriTad kiloTa (eoliuri, frigiuli),
rigSi dgeba. hipofrigiuli kilo ki, araZiriTadi ki-
los saxiT Cndeba. ufro swored, misi intonaciebi
iCens Tavs. aqve davsZenT, rom plagalur kiloebs
sakravier musikaSi b. gulisaSvili Seexo (3).
vidre baris erTxmian simRerebSi gavarkvevdeT
hipofrigiuli kilos adgils, jer mravalxmian simRe-
rebSi ganvixiloT igi*. Sromis kaxur samxmian simRe-
ras `biWo puri Semosula~ (14) da moxeur saferxulo
simRerebs `gergetulas~ (16) da `saferxulos~ (15) sa-

*
hipofrigiul kilos qarTul xalxur simRerebSi Seexo m. Jo-
rdania (8: 49-54; 9: 55-58). statiebis saTauridan _ `lokriuli
kilo qarTul xalxur musikaSi~ _ Cans, rom lokriuli ki-
lo SecdomiT aris gaigivebuli hipofrigiul kilosTan.

149
erTo melodiur-intonaciuri safuZveli gaaCniaT. sim-
Reris `biWo puri Semosula~ pirveli winadadebis
pirveli fraza (pirveli-meore taqtebi) TiTqmis imeo-
rebs `gergetulas~ melodias, maT Soris ZiriTadad
ritmuli sxvaoba SeiniSneba. garda amisa, `gergetu-
las~ melodia, am SemTxvevaSi, banSi emyareba Tavda-
pirveli sol kilos gafarToebul meSvide safexurs.
meore fraza, romelic sakadanso nagebobaa (mesame-me-
xuTe taqtebi), gafarToebulia. igi agebulia kilos
meore safexurze, romelic frazis bolos gadadis
tonikaSi (la). meore winadadebaSi melodia (meeqvse,
nawilobriv meSvide da meaTe taqtebi) imeorebs `ger-
getulas~ variants, `saferxulos~, im gansxvavebiT,
rom meore winadadebis (meeqvse-meaTe taqtebi) sakadan-
so svlaSi, dominanturi funqciis matarebeli safexu-
rebi (VI VII) gafarToebulia. garda amisa, `saferxu-
los~ (15) melodia banSi ZiriTadad emyareba Tavda-
pirveli la kilos gafarToebul meSvide safexurs
(sol), romelic amave dros sol kilos pirveli sa-
fexuris funqciis matarebeli xdeba. simReraSi `biWo,
puri Semosula~ (14) meore winadadebis meore taqtis
dasawyisSi, Sua xmaSi tonika la (meSvide taqti) ban-
Si emyareba la kilos meeqvse safexurs (fa), rome-
lic, rogorc aRvniSneT, gafarToebulia da droebiT
axali fa kilos funqcias iZens. amas xels uwyobs
agreTve is garemoebac, rom melodiaSi mocemuli la
da winare do bgerebi banSi fa bgerisaTvis nawilob-
riv aRiqmeba rogorc tercia da kvinta. aseT SemTxve-
vaSi mi-bemoli, romelic Cndeba melodiaSi, unda miviC-
nioT droebiTi fa kilos dadablebul meSvide safe-
xurad. amgvarad, mosalodneli fa ioniuri kilo, ro-
melic ZiriTad la kilosTan mimarTebaSi, vfiqrobT,
uxeSad ixmovanebda, Secvala fa miqsolidurma kilom.

150
sakadanso svlaSi droebiTi fa miqsolidiuri kilos
pirveli safexuri kvlav la kilos meeqvse safexuris
funqcias ubrundeba da meSvide safexuris gavliT ga-
dadis la kilos pirvel safexurSi, romelic winare,
droebiT fa miqsolidiur kiloSi mocemuli dadab-
lebuli meeqvse safexuris gavleniT mxolod da mxo-
lod gaiazreba la hipofrigiuli kilos tonikad. am-
gvarad, moxeur saferxulo simRerasa da kaxur simRe-
raSi `biWo, puri Semosula~ hipofrigiuli kilos ga-
azrebis erTgvarovani suraTi gamovlinda (SeadareT
8: 49-51). msgavsi magaliTis motana SeiZleba samxmiani
simReridan `kalospiruli~ (17), romelSic mTqmelis
partia aSkarad migvaniSnebs melodiis saferxulo
simRerebidan momdinareobaze. gundis partiaSi la
frigiuli kilos meeqvse safexuri (fa) gafarToebu-
lia da axali fa miqsolidiuri kilos funqcias iZ-

151
ens, romlis dadablebuli meeqvse safexuri (mi-bemo-
li) kadansis bolos mocemul la kilos hipofrigiuli

kilos elfers aniWebs. niSandoblivia, rom mTqmelis

yoveli partia, romelic gundis partias mosdevs,
sruldeba ara hipofrigiul, aramed frigiul kiloSi.
hipofrigiuli kilos niSnebis Semcvel simReraTa So-
ris sainteresoa agreTve kaxuri `mkis simRera~ (18).
gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa ukanaskneli winadadeba,
romlis melodiis dasawyisSi mocemulia bgera mi-be-
moli. erTi SexedviT igi wina winadadebis bolos mo-
cemul la kilos pirvel safexurTan mimarTebaSi
warmoqmnis hipofrigiuli kilos JReradobas, magram
magaliTidan irkveva, rom bgera mi-bemoli meore wina-
dadebaSi mocemuli musikaluri azris ganuyofeli

nawilia, igi ritmuladac gamoeyofa wina winadadebas

da aRiqmeba la kilos gafarToebuli meSvide safexu-

152
ris (romelic garkveuli TvalsazrisiT damoukidebe-
li kilos funqcias iZens), Semadgenel bgerad. mi-be-
moli momdevno re bgerisaTvis damxmared gvevlineba
(SeadareT 8: 51-53).
yovelive zemoTqmulis safuZvelze vfiqrobT, Se-
iZleba daveTanxmoT S. aslaniSvilis mosazrebas imis
Sesaxeb, rom frigiuli kadansis dros `narCeni STa-
beWdilebis~ gamo ararealurad, aramed smeniT gaiaz-
reba hipofrigiuli kilo (2: 98).
musikaluri masalis ganxilvam cxadyo, rom aR-
mosavlur-qarTul mravalxmian simRerebSi hipofrigi-
uli kilo ar farTovdeba damoukidebeli kilos do-
nemde. rac Seexeba erTxmian simRerebs, rogoricaa ma-
galiTad, Sromis simRera `orovela~ (19), masSi mar-
Tlac SeiZleba vivaraudoT hipofrigiuli kilos ar-
seboba, Tuki melodiis erTaderT harmoniul sayrde-
nad kilos tonikas (la) miviCnevT. magram gasaTvalis-
winebelia, rom mravalxmianoba qarTvelTa fsiqikis
struqturuli elementia da simReris erTxmianobas
ganapirobebs mxolod da mxolod misi Sesrulebis
wesi. amitom, aseT viTarebaSi erTxmiani simReris mow-
yveta misi harmoniuli gaazrebisagan, ar unda iyos
swori, radgan harmoniuli azrovneba qarTvelis `Si-
nagani bunebaa~. Tu davukvirvebiT, `orovelaSi~ (19),
orive SemTxvevaSi bgera mi-bemoli Cndeba winadadebis

damaboloebel, sakadanso frazaSi, rac migvaniSnebs,

rom aq, banSi gaazrebuli unda iyos la kilos ga-
farToebuli meSvide safexuri (sol). am mosazrebas
mxars uWers is garemoebac, rom erT-erTi winadade-
bis damaboloebel frazaSi Cndeba kilos meSvide sa-

153
fexuri (sol), romelic pirvel safexurTan erTad me-
lodiis harmoniuli sayrdenis funqcias asrulebs.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom simReraSi `kalouri~ la
kilos mexuTe safexuris dadablebis gamo (mi-bemo-
li), masSi xdeba Zalze xanmokle gadaxra la hipof-
rigiul kiloSi (9: 55). sayuradReboa, rom la kilos
mexuTe safexuris dadableba da iqve, kvlav amaRleba
(mi bekari) xdeba erTi musikaluri azris farglebSi.

rogorc irkveva, hipofrigiuli kilo ver far-

Tovdeba damoukidebeli kilos donemde, rogoric
aris eoliuri, frigiuli, doriuli, miqsolidiuri,
ioniuri, romlebsac ZiriTadad emyareba qarTuli
xalxuri simRerebi, Tumca ki, garkveuli Tvalsazri-
siT, hipofrigiuli kilosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli in-
tonaciebis epizoduri arseboba simRerebSi ucilobe-
li faqtia.
zemoxsenebuli msjelobidan gamomdinare vfiq-
robT, rom qarTuli xalxuri simRerebisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli ZirZveli kiloebia _ frigiuli da eoliu-
ri, romlebic safuZvlad daedo saerTo-qarTvelur
musikalur fuZe-enas. minoruli JReradobis mqone es
kiloebi, romlebmac dasabami misca sxva danarCeni uZ-
velesi kiloebis Camoyalibebas, semantikurad asaxavs
im socialur-fsiqologiur specifikas, romelic
odesRac qarTvelTa winaprebis msoflmxedvelobaSi
Camoyalibda da uZveles religiur rwmena-warmodge-
nebSi aisaxa.

154
 wyaroebi da literatura:

1. aslaniSvili S., narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri sim-

Rerebis Sesaxeb, II, Tbilisi, 1956.
2. aslaniSvili S., qarTul-kaxuri xalxuri sagundo
simRerebis harmonia, II gamocema, Tbilisi, 1970.
3. gulisaSvili _ . .,
, , 1948. xelnaweri.
4. arayiSvili _ ., -
, V . , ,
1916.
5. maisuraZe n., aRmosavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri
kultura, Tb., 1971.
6. maisuraZe n., savele masalebi, 1976 (xelnaweri).
7. maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis harmo-
niis zogierTi sakiTxi. masalebi saqarTvelos eT-
nografiisaTvis XXI, Tbilisi, 1981.
8. Jordania m., lokriuli kilo qarTul xalxur mu-
sikaSi. Jurn. `sabWaoTa xelovneba~, #7, Tbilisi,
1971.
9. Jordania m., lokriuli kilo qarTul xalxur sim-
RerebSi. Jurn. `sabWoTa xelovneba~, #8, Tbilisi,
1971.
10. CxikvaZe gr., qarTuli xalxuri simRera, I, redaq-
tori da Semdgeneli gr. CxikvaZe, Tbilisi, 1960.

155
 VI. mravalxmianobis ori ZiriTadi forma

mkvlevarTa mier jerovnad aris Seswavlili da

dadgenili qarTuli mravalxmianobis ganviTarebis
safexurebi faruli orxmianobidan maRalganviTare-
bul formebamde (d. arayiSvili, iv. javaxiSvili, S.
aslaniSvili, j. noRaideli, gr. CxikvaZe, vl. axobaZe,
o. CijavaZe da sxv.). samxmianobaSi unisonuri JRera-
doba kiduri xmebisa, romelTa mimarT Sua xma diso-
nirebulia, an maRali xmis mimarT terciaSi JRers,
pirvelad d. arayiSvilma SeniSna (1: 279-280). iv. java-
xiSvilma samxmian simReraSi banis oqtavuri gaormage-
ba ganixila rogorc orxmianobidan samxmianobaSi ga-
dasvlis pirveladi forma. manve xmaTa saxelwodebe-
bis funqciaTa gamokvlevis safuZvelze, mravalxmia-
nobis ganviTarebis safexurebi daadgina. kerZod, `ma-
Rali bani~ (samxmian simReraSi zeda, pirveli xma), me-
lodizirebis Semdeg, saxeldebul iqna hangis `mTqme-
lad~ an `momZaxnelad~, romelic Sua, ZiriTadi xmis
Tavdapirveli saxelwodeba iyo (21: 331-336). dadgeni-
lia mravalxmianobis ori forma: bundonuli da kom-
pleqsuri (xmaTa komleqsur-paraleluri moZraoba),
romelsac mogvianebiT `sinqronuli xmaTasvla~ ewoda
(7: 15-16, 23; 20: 33). dasabuTebulia, rom mravalxmiano-
bis am formebs saerTo safuZveli da istoriuli kav-
Siri aqvs. garda amisa, naCvenebia maTi ganviTarebis
gzebi (4: 3-89). burdonuli orxmianobis pirvelad
formad miCneulia simRera, romelic sruldeba gab-
mul tonikur bgeraze, anu TiTqos mudmivad xdeba ki-
los `donis~ SenarCuneba. aseTia magaliTad, komp. S.
mSveliZis mier Cawerili xevsuruli simRera `xuTSa-
baT gaTendeba~ (1), romelic gr. CxikvaZes qarTuli or-
xmianobis originalur nimuSad miaCnda. d. arayiSvili
mas orxmianobis pirvelad saxeobas uwodebda (3: 4; 4:
17, 68; 17: XIV-XV, 12). simReraSi bani melodias uerTde-
ba pirveli frazis ukanasknel, tonikur bgeraze da
masTan erTad unisonSi JRers, rac aZlierebs tonikuri

156
bgeris, rogorc melodiis harmoniuli sayrdenis fur-
qcias. aRniSnuli bgera (la) Semdeg frazaSi, rTuli

orwiladi metris mqone pirvel taqtSi ori meoTxe-

dis manZilze grZeldeba. msgavsi viTarebaa danarCen
frazebSic. gamonaklisia mexuTe da meSvide frazebi,
sadac bani melodias agreTve frazebis bolos, toni-
kur bgeraze uerTdeba, magram Semdeg frazebSi igi
aRar grZeldeba. aqve davsZenT, rom TuSur simReraSi

157
`me var da Cemi nabadi~ (2) melodia gabmul tonikur
bgeras (garmoni) emyareba. simRerebSi SeiniSneba ag-
reTve faruli orxmianoba (9: 39). aseTebia magaliTad,
erTxmiani simRerebi, romlebic sakravis Tanxlebis
gareSea Cawerili: `beRliskruli~ (3), `es Semodgomis
xan movida~ (4), `unda mogwero werili~ (5), `dala~
(6) da sxv. zog SemTxvevaSi frazis bolos, ritmulad
myari bgera (tonikuri bgeris mravaljeradi gameore-
ba) yoveli momdevno frazisaTvis aRiqmeba rogorc
harmoniuli sayrdeni (es ukeT Cans simReris uSua-
lod yofaSi mosmenisas). sxva SemTxvevaSi, frazebis
dasawyisSi kilos tonikuri bgera melodiis harmoni-
ul sayrdenad gaiazreba an mocemulia melodizire-
buli Sebaneba, romelic I VII I safexurebzea agebu-
li. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTul erTxmian simRerebSi
mudam xdeba melodiis harmoniuli gaazreba. es buneb-
rivia, radgan harmoniuli azrovneba qarTveli xal-
xis `Sinagani bunebaa~.
xalxuri musikis mkvlevarTa mier dadgenilia
burdonul mravalxmianobaSi samxmianobis formirebis
ori gza: pirveli gza gulisxmobs banis fonze ori
mTqmelis monacvleobas, romlebic simReris bolos
erTiandebian; meore _ kiduri xmebis unisonur JRera-
dobas (banis gaormageba oqtaviT zeviT). burdonuli
samxmianobis ganviTarebis Semdegi safexurebi war-
modgenilia zeda, pirveli xmis melodizirebiT; har-
moniuli wyobis samxmianobiT, sadac pirveli da meo-
re xmebi moZraobs erTgvarovani an msgavsi ritmuli
naxaziT banis fonze; polifoniur-harmoniuli wyobis
samxmianobiT, sadac banis fonze pirveli da meore
xmebi dialogs warmoqmnian, an erwymian erTgvarovan
ritmul naxazSi (4: 17; 17: XXXI).
sayuradReboa ukanasknel xans gamoqveynebuli
naSromi, romelic eZRvneba qarTuli tradiciuli
mravalxmianobis formaTa sistemur kvlevas da kvle-
vis Sedegebis tipologiur klasifikacias (7: 328).

158
 kompleqsuri mravalxmianobis (samxmianobis) sa-
fuZveli xmaTa paraleluri moZraobaa. svanuri or-
xmiani simRerebis nimuSad dasaxelebulia saweso sim-
Rera `kviriola~ (8), romelic agebulia kvartaze da
mTavrdeba unisonSi. intonaciis SelocviTi xasiaTis

da simReris socialuri funqciis gamo, `kviriolas~

uZvelesi droidan momdinare orxmianobis nimuSad mi-
iCneven. erTxmianobis da orxmianobis kvals xedaven
svanuri samxmiani simRerebis sakadanso mimoqcevebSi;
orxmianobis kvals _ winadadebebSi (winadadebis Sua-
Si) 4: 26-30, 33, 35).
dadgenilia, rom kompleqsur mravalxmianobaSi
samxmianoba gaCnda wminda kvintebis daSenebiT qveda
xmis TiToeul bgeraze anu orxmiani simReris banze.
samxmianobaSi, kidur xmaTa Soris, warmoiqmneba para-
leluri kvintebi. zeda xmis gamoTiSvis SemTxvevaSi
Cveulebriv, orxmiani simRera rCeba. kompleqsuri mra-
valxmianobis adreul formebSi xmebi TiTqmis an sav-
sebiT ar aris diferencirebuli. samxmian wyobaSi me-
lodiis saxiT gamoiyofa Sua xma, Semdeg _ zeda, pir-
veli xma (anu kvintebi daSenebuli banis bgerebze),
romelic TandaTan iZens ZiriTadi melodiis funqci-
as, romlis diapazoni imavdroulad farTovdeba; me-

159
lodiaSi zeda damxmare bgerebi Cndeba. mravalxmiano-
bis kompleqsuri formis ganviTarebis Semdgom safe-
xurebze TiToeuli xma damoukideblobas iZens, win
wamoweulia ara xmaTa vertikali, aramed yoveli xmis
melodiuri xazi, rac sabolood gadaizrdeba maRal-
ganviTarebul polifoniur wyobaSi, romelic damaxa-
siaTebelia dasavleT saqarTvelos baris, gansakuTre-
biT ki, guruli sasimRero SemoqmedebisaTvis. aqve yu-
radRebas SevaCerebT araterciuli wyobis akordze _

kvartkvintakordze (9), romelic damaxasiaTebelia qar-

Tuli xalxuri simRerebisaTvis. dadgenilia kvartkvin-
takordis genezisi. kerZod, banis bgerebze wminda kvin-
tebis daSenebis procesSi, orxmiani wyobis intervalebi
samxmiani wyobis nawilad iqceva. aseT SemTxvevaSi kvar-
taze wminda kvintis daSenebiT kvartkvintakordi warmo-
iqmneba. dasavlur-qarTul simRerebSi, kilos cvaleba-
dobis pirobebSi, kvartkvintakordi kilos yvela safe-
xurzea mocemuli. burdonuli mravalxmianobis ganviTa-
rebis procesSi Tavs iCens araterciuli akordis sxva
saxeobanic (kvartseptakordi, septoqtavakordi), sayu-

160
radReboa agreTve Semdegi dakvirvebani: kompleqsur mra-
valxmianobaSi ar Cans banis oqtavuri gaormageba; uZve-
les nimuSebSi ar gvxvdeba kvartseptakordi da septoq-
tavakordi. orxmiani wyobis melodiuri mimoqcevebi da
banis bgerebze wminda kvintebis daSenebis wesi ewinaaR-
mdegeba amgvari araterciuli akordebis warmoqmnas; sva-
nuri simRerebis orxmian fragmentebSi kvartebis da
kvintebis paraleluri moZraoba ar SeiniSneba. parale-
luri kvintebiT moZraoba damaxasiaTebelia svanuri sam-
xmiani simRerebis kiduri xmebisaTvis (4: 18, 34-46, 98).
svanuri simRerebis intonaciuri safuZveli saerTo-
qarTveluri musikaluri enaa (magaliTad, `elia lrde~
(11), `barbal-dolaSi~ (12), `saferxulo~ (13) da sxv.). mu-
sikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis im uZveles etapze,

161
rodesac aRniSnuli fuZe-hangi an melodiuri formu-
la ZiriTad intonaciur marags Seadgenda, savarau-
doa tonikuri bgeris myisieri gaazreba, rogorc me-
lodiis harmoniuli sayrdenisa, romelic banis fun-
qcias iZens. is garemoeba, rom svanur simRerebSi xma-
Ta paraleluri moZraoba dakavSirebulia samxmiano-
bis warmoqmnasTan, kerZod banis bgerebze kvintebis
daSenebasTan, romlebic banTan erTad Sua xmis mi-
marT kvintur CarCos warmoqmnis, gvafiqrebinebs, rom
svanur simRerebSi, aRmosavlur-qarTuli simRerebis
analogiurad, odesRac orxmianoba warmodgenili iyo
melodiiT (ivaraudeba zemoxsenebuli melodiuri
formula an fuZe-hangi) da baniT. simptomaturia, rom
svanuri simRerebis orxmian fragmentebSi kvartebis
da kvintebis paraleluri moZraoba ar gvxvdeba.
zemoT aRiniSna, rom svanur simRerebSi samxmia-
noba banis bgerebze wminda kvintebis daSenebiT war-
moiqmna. kompleqsuri mravalxmianobis (samxmianobis)
ganviTarebis adreul etapze, Sua xmis (melodiis) di-
apazoni, romelic kvartiT Semoifargleboda, banis
da zeda, pirveli xmis saxiT kvintis CarCoSi moeqca
da diapazonis gafarToebis TvalsazrisiT SeizRuda.
svanuri simRerebSi melodiis simartivisa da diapa-
zonis simciris gamo, banis bgerebi (VII VI) Tavdapir-
velad ver farTovdeba. isini danarCen or xmasTan er-
Tad paralelurad moZraobs da amgvarad, safuZveli
eyreba mravalxmianobis kompleqsur formas anu sin-
qronul xmaTasvlas. aRmosavlur-qarTul simRerebSi,
magaliTad, xevsurul da fSaur orxmian nimuSebSi
(14, ) melodia, romelic banSi tonikur bgeras emya-
reba, Tavisuflad farTovdeba, misi diapazoni septi-
mas da oqtavas aRwevs. melodiis diapazonis gafar-
Toebam, aRmosavlur-qarTul simRerebSi, samxmianobis
pirvelad formaSi, banis oqtavuri gaormageba ganapi-
roba (11: 657-659). svanuri simRerebis analizis Sedege-

162
biT irkveva, rom burdonuli orxmianobis Semdeg,
mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri forma (samxmianoba) gaC-
nda melodiis ganviTarebis im etapze, rodesac igi
kvartis diapazoniT Semoifargleboda. niSandobli-
via, rom kvartkvintakordi warmoiSva orxmiani wyobis
kvartaze wminda kvintis daSenebis procesSi. sakiT-
xTan dakavSirebiT sayuradReboa melodiis ganviTare-
bis d. arayiSviliseuli interpretacia: ZiriTadi bge-
raTrigia kvarta tetraqordis saxiT; mas mosdevs
kvinta, Tavdapirvelad kvartis sayrdenebiT _ sekunda
anu triqordi kvintaSi; Semdeg kvinta da bolos, seq-
stis, septimis da oqtavis bgeraTrigebi (2: 81-86).

zemoTxsenebuli Cveni es msjeloba, Tavis mxriv,

qarTul xalxur simRerebSi samxmianobis xnierebaze
metyvelebs. rogorc Cans, qarTveli xalxis musikalu-
ri azrovnebis ganviTarebis aRniSnuli etapi xan-
grZliv istoriul periods moicavda.
Cveni Sexeduleba, ufro mogvianebiT, gaziarebul
iqna e. garayaniZis mier. igi wers: `Cveni Rrma rwmeniT
samxmianoba gacilebiT adre warmoiSva svaneTSi, vidre
saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi. amgvari msjelobis uf-
lebas gvaZlevs svanuri simRerebis melodikis anali-
zi. am melodiebSi ufro kargadaa SemorCenili arqau-
li plastebi. axali, mesame (maRali) xmis daSenebam ba-
nidan kvintis intervalSi... SezRuda simReris melodi-

163
is ganviTareba, Caketa es melodia viwro diapazonis
CarCoebSi. xolo baris (da zogierTi mTis) kuTxeebis
musikaSi melodiis meti ganviTarebuloba, farTo dia-
pazoni imas adasturebs, rom axali, maRali xmis gaCe-
na aqaur simRerebSi SedarebiT gvian moxda~ (8: 87).
zemoT aRiniSna, rom simRerebis Semdgomi ganviTa-
reba zeda ori xmis da banis safexurTa TandaTanobiTi
gafarToebiT mimdinareobs (ix. Tavi II). Sesabamisad, ki-
loTa monacvleoba barSi umaRles dones aRwevs. aWa-
rul oTxxmian nimuSebSi banis anu dabali banis warmo-
Soba dakavSirebulia samxmian simRerebSi banis safe-
xurTa gafarToebasTan. am mxriv sayuradReboa IV safe-
xuri, romelic damoukidebeli kilos tonikis mniS-
vnelobas iZens. mogvianebiT igi ukve ZiriTadi kilos
tonikad gvevlineba da Tavdapirveli kilos tonikis

164
paralelurad Tanaarsebobs. amgvarad, Cndeba ori to-
nika, romelTagan pirveli Tavdapirveli kilos toni-
kaa, meore _ banSi IV safexuris damoukidebeli, Sem-
degSi ZiriTadi kilos tonikad Camoyalibebisa da
damkvidrebis Sedegia. swored es ukanasknelia bani
anu dabali bani, Tavdapirveli kilos tonika ki, ro-
melic kvinturi bgeraa _ maRali bani anu Semxmobari
(10: 441-444; 12: 10-11).
mogvianebiT, daaxloebiT igive mosazreba gamoT-
qva i. Jordaniam Tavis erT-erT naSromSi: ... -
,
,
x
( ).
, ,
.
: (I )
(IV )... ,
, x -
() -
. -
, ;
-
... (13: 135-136).
specialur literaturaSi gaSuqebulia aWaruli
oTxxmianobis struqturuli Taviseburebani (16; 18: 8-10;
6). TviT azri ki aWarul simRerebSi oTxxmianobis ar-
sebobis Sesaxeb gacilebiT adre gamoiTqva. iv. java-

165
xiSvili qarTuli musikis istoriisadmi miZRvnil naS-
romSi sagangebod Seexo j. noRaidelis cnobas, rome-
lic qarTuli simRerebis oTxxmianobaze miuTiTiebs:
`nadurisaTvis saWiroa 1 mTqmeli, TviTon momRerali,
romelic leqsebiT mReris, 2 Semxmobari, 1 gamyivane da
oric mobane, banis mTqmeli~ (21: 81).
musikaluri masalis analizis Sedegebidan mkafi-
od Cans odesRac saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fu-
Ze-ena, misi ganviTarebis, imavdroulad diferenciaci-
is da transformaciis procesi (ix. Tavi II). rogorc
ukve iTqva, erTi harmoniuli elementis win wamoweva
sxva danarCen harmoniul elementTa urTierTmimarTe-
bis axali formebis warmoqmnis da Camoyalibebis sa-
windaria (ix. Tavi V). yovelive amis safuZveli bur-
donuli bania, romlis mimarT sxva danarCeni bgerebi
garkveul funqcionalur urTierTdamokidebulebaSia
da, romelic dasabams aZlevs harmoniul elementTa
Semdgom ganviTarebas. svanur simRerebSi reCitatiu-
li burdonis anu ritmuli banis gaCena, musikaluri
azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZveles etapze ganpirobebu-
li unda yofiliyo samxmianobaSi imTaviTve mraval-
xmianobis kompleqsuri anu sinqronuli xmaTasvlis
formis CasaxviT, sadac bani mobiluria. ra Tqma unda
es ar niSnavs imas, rom reCitatiuli burdoni met-nak-
lebad ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli saerTod, qarTuli
xalxuri simRerebisaTvis. mravalxmianobis kompleq-
suri forma gaCnda melodiis ganviTarebis im etapze,
rodesac igi kvartis diapazoniT Semoifargleboda.
es ki, Tavis mxriv, qarTul xalxur simRerebSi sam-
xmianobis xnierebaze migvaniSnebs. mravalxmianobis
kompleqsuri formis Camoyalibeba qronologiurad
musikaluri fuZe-enis arsebobis xanas ukavSirdeba.
musikaluri masalis analizi Tu terminologia
qarTuli mravalxmianobis (da aqedan gamomdinare, sa-
zogadod mravalxmianobis) stadialurobaze miuTi-
Tebs. es sakiTxi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens
eTnikuri istoriis, eTnogenezis kvlevisas. arsebobs

166
gansxvavebuli mosazreba, romelic mravalxmianobis
stadialurobas uaryofs (13: 297; 14: 50).
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sayuradReboa samecnie-
ro literaturaSi warmodgenili erT-erTi Teza: `mu-
sikalur-komunikaciuri sistema, romelmac umTavresi
roli Seasrula danawevrebuli metyvelebis Camoya-
libebaSi, musikaluri kulturis niSnebs iZens misi
komunikaciuri movaleobebisagan ganTavisuflebis
Semdeg (13: 296). vfiqrobT, rom i. Jordanias mier war-
modgenili es Teza, miuxedavad avtoris sapirispiro
mosazrebisa, udavod mravalxmianobis stadialuroba-
ze metyvelebs. marTalia, polifoniuri azrovneba
qarTvelTa fsiqikis struqturuli elementia, magram
musikaluri kulturis am fenomenis _ mravalxmiano-
bis realizeba, rogorc zemoxsenebuli naazrevidan
Cans, moiTxovda musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
saTanado dones, rac, Tavis mxriv, sazogadoebis gan-
viTarebis garkveul etaps ukavSirdeba. aqve davsZenT,
rom TezaSi `musikalur-komunikaciuri sistemis~, nac-
vlad am SemTxvevaSi, unda iyos `intonaciur-komunika-
ciuri~, radgan Zneli dasajerebelia, rom komunika-
cia dasabamidanve gaazrebuli iyo rogorc musikalu-
ri anu bgeriT mxatvrul saxeebSi asaxuli realoba
da miT umetes mravalxmianoba _ rogorc musikalur
bgeraTa Sexamebis garkveuli forma.
mravalxmianobis zemoxsenebulma orma ZiriTadma
formam safuZveli Cauyara qarTuli musikaluri kul-
turis ori didi wris aRmosavlur-qarTuli da da-
savlur-qarTuli Camoyalibebas, ramac ganapiroba
aRmosavlur-qarTuli da dasavlur-qarTuli, agreTve
gardamavali musikaluri dialeqtebis anu kiloebis
arseboba.

167
 literatura

1. arayiSvili _ ., -
- ,
, I, 1906.
2. arayiSvili _ ., ,
, , 1908.
3. arayiSvili _ ., -
, , 1948.
4. aslaniSvili S., narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri sim-
Rerebis Sesaxeb, I, Tbilisi, 1954.
5. axobaZe v., qarTuli (aWaruli) xalxuri simRerebi,
baTumi, 1961.
6. axobaZe _ ., -
. VII -
, , 1964.
7. gabisonia T., qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmiano-
bis formebi, avtoreferati, Tbilisi, 2009.
8. garayaniZe e. rCeuli werilebi, Semdgeneli n. zum-
baZe, redaqtori m. axmeteli, Tbilisi, 2007.
9. maisuraZe n., aRmosavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri
kultura, Tbilisi 1971.
10. maisuraZe n., qarTul (aWarul) xalxur simRerebSi
oTxxmianobis warmoSobis sakiTxisaTvis. saqarTve-
los ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe, 102, #2,
Tbilisi, 1982.
11. maisuraZe n., qarTul xalxur simRerebSi kompleq-
suri mravalxmianobis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. saqar-
Tvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis moamde, 107,
#3, Tbilisi 1982.
12. maisuraZe _ ., ,
, , 1983.
13. Jordania _ ., -
,
, 1989.
14. Jordania i., ritmis warmoSoba da Tavdacvis stra-
tegia adamianis evoluciaSi. tradiciuli mraval-
168
 xmianobis mesame saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, Tbili-
si, 2006.
15. CijavaZe o., qarTuli mravalxmianobis zogierTi
sakiTxi, Jurn. `sabWoTa xelovneba~, Tbilisi, 1955,
#2.
16. CxikvaZe gr., noRaideli j., i. inaSvili, aWaruli
naduri simRerebis oTxxmianobis Taviseburebebis
Sesaxeb. literaturuli aWara, #1, Tbilisi, 1960.
17. CxikvaZe gr., qarTuli xalxuri simRera. qarTuli
xalxuri simRera, I, redaqtori gr. CxikvaZe, Tbi-
lisi, 1960.
18. CxikvaZe _ ., -
. VII -
, , 1964.
19. CxikvaZe gr., qarTuli xalxuri musika, Tbilisi,
1965.
20. xarZiani m., nadirobis Tema svanur musikalur
folklorSi, disertacia, Tbilisi, 2009.
21. javaxiSvili i., qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTa-
di sakiTxebi, I, gamocema, Tbilisi, 1938; II gamoce-
ma, 1970.

169
 VII. musikaluri dialeqtebi

saqarTvelos TiToeuli kuTxis (eTnografiuli

jgufis) simRerebs axasiaTebs rogorc saerTo qarTu-
li, ise specifikuri niSnebi. swored am garemoebam
ganapiroba Tavdapirvelad, qvecnobierad, qarTuli
xalxuri simRerebis gamoqveyneba Sesabamisi kuTxis
miniSnebiT. SemdegSi saubaria ara mxolod romelime
kuTxis an erTad aRebuli kuTxeebis simRerebze, ara-
med am simRerebis saerTo Ziridan momdinareobaze (25;
32; 33; 34; 4; 5; 6 da sxv.). ufro gvian, specialur li-
teraturaSi garkveuli adgili daeTmo qarTul musi-
kalur dialeqtTa anu kiloTa klasifikacias (26:
XIV; XX; XXII; 27: 10; 28-30; 36: 411; 9: 4; 24: 5; 23: 85-91; 12:
84-93; 14: 123-131). musikaluri dialeqtebis dRemde war-
modgenili klasifikaciis yvela varianti musikalur
princips emyareba. mravalxmianobis formebis mixedviT
dialeqtebi dayofilia or jgufad _ aRmosavlur-
qarTuli da dasavlur-qarTuli. garkveuli kuTxeebis
sasimRero Semoqmedeba zogjer erT musikalur dia-
leqtad moixsenieba, zogjer ki _ cal-calke, damou-
kidebel musikalur dialeqtebad. aseTebia magali-
Tad, xevsuruli da fSauri, qarTluri da kaxuri, gu-
ruli da aWaruli.
qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebis Camoyalibeba
mWidrod ukavSirdeba qarTveluri eTnikuri jgufis
diferenciacias, calkeuli eTnografiuli jgufebis
Camoyalibebas. Tavdapirvelad isini msxvil erTeu-
lebs Seadgens, romlebic TandaTan iSleba da mcire
erTeulebad yalibdeba. vfiqrobT, rom musikaluri
dialeqtebis segmentaciis procesi xangrZliv istori-
ul periods moicavda. amave dros, ama Tu im dialeq-
tis Camoyalibeba garkveul qronologiur CarCoebSi
mimdinareobda. zogi maTganis gancalkeveba Soreul
xanaSia savaraudo, zogis ramdenadme ufro gvian,
ramac ganapiroba calkeul musikalur dialeqtTa So-

170
ris intonaciur da harmoniul elementTa urTierTmi-
marTebis konkretuli formebis met-naklebi siaxlove.
qarTuli musikaluri fuZe-enis, fuZe-hangis gan-
viTareba da amave dros diferenciaciis, musikalur
dialeqtebad Camoyalibebis procesi mkafiod Cans aR-
mosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa simRerebSi. musika-
luri teqstebis analizis SedegebiT (14: 123-138) irkve-
va, rom dialeqtologiuri TvalsazrisiT TuSeTi im-
TaviTve dacilda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis sxva
danarCen kuTxeebs (xevsureTi, fSavi, mTiuleTi, guda-
mayari, xevi) aqve davsZenT, rom sakiTxis Seswavlisas
mTavari ara mxolod is aris, Tu ganviTarebis ra do-
niT moaRwia Cvenamde ama Tu im eTnografiuli jgu-
fis musikalurma azrovnebam, aramed is, Tu ra saxi-
saa masSi momxdari cvlilebebi da ra droidan aris
es cvlilebebi savaraudo. garkveuli periodidan ze-
moxsenebuli kuTxeebis musikalur-dialeqtologiuri
erToba irRveva, rac gamoixateba, erTi mxriv, fSav-
xevsureTis, meore mxriv, mTuleT-gudamayrisa da xe-
vis gancalkevebaSi. ufro mogvianebiT mimdinareobs
am erTobaTa Semdgomi diferenciacia da calkeul
musikalur dialeqtTa Camoyalibeba. amrigad, specia-
lur niSanTa zrdasTan erTad sul ufro Rrmavdeba
musikalur dialeqtTa divergenciis procesi.
rogorc aRiniSna, musikalur dialeqtTa klasi-
ficirebisas Zneldeba zogierTi kuTxis sasimRero
Semoqmedebis calke dialeqtad gamoyofa. aseTTa So-
ris dasaxelebulia xevsuruli da fSauri. Tavis
dros S. aslaniSvilma Seiswavla am ori kuTxis sim-
RerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli rogorc saerTo niSne-
bi, ise is Taviseburebani, romlebic axasiaTebs fSa-
urs, xevsurulisagan gansxvavebiT. igi SeniSnavs, rom
fSav-xevsuruli simRerebis ganxilvisas mudam gaTva-
liswinebuli iyo maT Soris arsebuli saerTo niSne-
bi, magram `amave dros, calke fSaur da calke xevsu-
rul simRerebs axasiaTebs agreTve mxolod maTTvis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi. es movlena SemCneuli iyo

171
jer kidev d. arayiSvilis mier~ (7: 44-45). fSaur da
xevsurul simRerebSi gabatonebulia frigiuli kilo;
simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia frazebis bolos
kilos meore safexuris ritmuli simyare da gadide-
buli kvartis JReradoba kilos kvintasa da dadable-
bul meore safexurs Soris (35: 9; 7: 39, 44, 45). miuxeda-
vad saerTo niSnebisa, mogvianebiT fSaur simRerebSi
Cndeba garkveuli Taviseburebani, maT Soris _ ritmu-
lad myari sakadanso safexurebis xelmeored gameore-
ba, rac simReris ZiriTad nawilTan erTad Tavisebur
intonaciur saqcevs qmnis. am sakadanso intonaciuri
saqcevis ganviTarebuli formaa sakadanso fraza, ro-
melic ganamtkicebs wina frazas an damaboloebel me-
lodiur mimoqcevas, rac xevsurulisaTvis ar aris da-
maxasiaTebeli (14: 130; 16: 306). fSaur simRerebSi dadge-
nilia frigiuli kilos variantebi (11: 15; 7: 44-45; 26).
fSavelTa yofaSi damkvidrebulia simReris sa-
xelwodeba `fSauri~ an `fSauri kilo~, rac gansaz-
Rvravs fSauri simRerebis specifikas. `fSaurebi~ ama-
ve saxelwodebiT gavrcelebulia xevsureTSi, gudama-
yarsa da mTiuleTSi. gudamayarSi `fSaurebi~ struq-
turulad xevsurul `fSaurebs~ imeorebs. xevsuruli-
sagan gansxvavebiT, fSauri simRerebi SedarebiT mdi-
dari ornamentikiT _ rTuli ritmuli naxazebiT,
farTo melodiuri svlebiT, naxtomebiT gamoirCeva,
romelTa Sevseba bgeraTa daRmavali sekunduri moZ-
raobiT xdeba. zemoxsenebuli monacemebidan Cans, rom
Tavdapirvelad fSav-xevsuruli, anu fxouri musika-
luri dialeqti Camoyalibda. am erTobis Semdgomi
diferenciacia, anu misi fSaur da xevsurul dialeq-
tebad gancalkeveba qronologiurad ufro gvian mox-
da (13: 76; 14: 128) niSandoblivia, rom istoriuli fxo-
vis (fxoeTi) teritoria fSavad da xevsureTad XV
saukunidan moixsenieba (18: 439; 29: 38, 46; 31 209).
mogvianebiT, igive mosazreba fSauri da xevsuru-
li musikaluri dialeqtebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, e. ga-

172
rayaniZem gamoTqva: `xevsuruli da fSauri unda ganvi-
xiloT rogorc ori musikaluri dialeqti~ (12:89-90).
musikalur dialeqtebze, anu kiloebze msjelo-
bisas SeuZlebelia yuradReba ar SevaCeroT mis defi-
niciaze. musikalur-eTnografiuli monacemebi cxad-
yofs, rom musikalur dialeqts, anu kilos gansaz-
Rvravs mravalxmianobis formebi, melodiur-intonaci-
uri da harmoniuli Taviseburebani, Sesrulebis kuT-
xuri xasiaTi, romelic sametyvelo enis kuTxur Tavi-
seburebasTan erTobliobaSi yalibdeba. amaze garkve-
viT migvaniSnebs musikaluri terminebis _ `xma~ da
`kilo~ _ xalxuri interpretacia. am terminebma imTa-
viTve miiqcia iv. javaxiSvilis yuradReba. igi CamoT-
vlis fanduris TanxlebiT Sesasrulebel TuSur
`xmebs~: `jaris ma~, `ayris ma~, `simReris ma~,
`TamaSobis ma~, `tirilis ma~ (`wova diacis ma~,
`CaRma diacis ma~), `Samilis daWeris ma~ da sxv. iv.
javaxiSvilma ivarauda, rom `xma~, erTi mxriv, hangTa
mTeli jgufis garkveuli wyobis gamomxatvelia, meo-
re mxriv, calkeul pirTagan SeTxzul simReras niS-
navs (30: 268-269). ufro gvian, TuSuri `xmebi~ S. asla-
niSvilma Caiwera da musikaluri teqstebis analizi-
dan gamomdinare gamoTqva mosazreba, rom `xma~ hangis
gamomxatveli sityvaa, iseTi gamoTqmebi ki, rogori-
caa `wova diacis ma~, `CaRma diacis ma~ da sxva,
calkeul pirTagan gamoTqmuli ZiriTadi melodiis
variantia (7: 94).
termin `kilos~ ganmartebisaTvis iv. javaxiSvils
moaqvs nawyvetebi xalxuri poeziis nimuSebidan, da
aRniSnavs, rom igi Seicavs saintereso gamonaTqvamebs:
`sityvis, anu leqsis Tqma kiloze~, an `simReraze ki-
los gamobma~. magram iqve dasZens, rom TiToeuli
maTganis mniSvneloba Zneli gasarkvevia. zemoT dasa-
xelebul terminebs iv. javaxiSvili mimoixilavs Zvel
qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi, XVII-XIX saukuneebis
sazogado moRvweTa (sulxan-saba orbeliani, ioane ba-
toniSvili, d. maCabeli, p. karbelaSvili) naSromebSi

173
(30, I, 240-443). xalxur yofaSi arsebuli gamoTqmebi
`Cakrulos kilo~, `kaxuri kilo~, `imeruli kilo~,
`CavleiSvilis kilo~, `karbelaanT kilo~ da sxv., mxo-
lod intonaciur Taviseburebas gulisxmobs (28: 4). sa-
eklesio sagaloblebSi musikaluri terminologiis
ganxilvisas iv. javaxiSvili SeniSnavs, rom `hangiT
Semkuli sagaloblis aRmniSvneli termini unda iyos
mokazmulni, xolo TviT hangs _ ki ewodeboda kilo~
(30: 230). kilo ganmartebulia rogorc: a) galobis hangi;
b) muxli, sagaloblis xmis (hangis) Semadgeneli erTeu-
li; g) samgaloblo skolis tradiciis amsaxveli ter-
mini; d) sagaloblis hangis sirTulis ganmsazRvreli
cneba (pirveldawyebiTi kilo, sada kilo, gamSvenebuli
kilo. `xma~ hangis gagebiT faravs kilos (3: 4).
sainteresoa ra droidan momdinareobs `xma~ da
`kilo~, rogorc musikaluri terminebi. Zveli qarTu-
li werilobiTi Zeglebis, maT Soris dabadebis qar-
Tuli Targmanis mixedviT iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs,
rom bgeris zogadi cnebis gamomxatvel terminad
Zvel qarTulSi mxolod `ma~ an `ma~ gvxvdeba. ama-
ve dros igi musikaluri bgeris (xmieri da sakravie-
ri) gamomxatveli iyo (30: 37-38). `meani galoba, qris-
tianuli eklesiis praqtikaSi V saukunidan gavrcel-
da. VII saukunis berZnuli liturgikuli Zeglis `ie-
rusalimis leqcionaris~ qarTul TargmanSi `mean
troparebs~ garkveuli adgili aqvs daTmobili~ (17:
037, 038). rac Seexeba termin `kilos~, igi naxsenebia
aqvs ioane damaskelis cxovrebis avtors. VII-VIII sau-
kuneebis sabawminduri himnografiuli skolis moRva-
weTa, ioane damaskelisa da kozma ierusalimelis mi-
er Seqmnili `keTilad Sewyobili galobis~ xasiaTis
garkvevisa da dasdeblis Txzvis procesis Cvenebis
mizniT e. metrevels moaqvs ioane damaskelis cxovre-
bis avtoris Semdegi cnobebi: `ufrosRa ubiwoebiTa
da siwmidisaTa maT Tana mkdrad aqunda RmerTi, ro-
meli _ ese zeda-miwevniT iswavebis da icnobebis aR-
werilTaganca maTTa da marTlmadideblobisa Sjul-

174
Ta da swavlaTagan, romelni _ igi maT sazomiTa mar-
culedovniTa aRwernes da RmrTivSuenierebiTa (!) ki-
loebiTa Seamkunes~; `ioanem... myis gamoTqua dasdebe-
li ese: WeSmaritad amaoeba ars yovelive, xolo sa-
wuTro ese sizmar da aCrdil, da rameTu cudad Su-
rebis yoveli miwiTSobili..., Semdgomad gamoTqmisa
(dasdeblis _ e. m.) kilos debda ra ioane da galob-
da, daemTxvia zedmoslva~... (17: 043, 044).
e. metreveli ganmartavs, rom ioane damaskeli
dasdebels jer `marcvledovani sazomiT~ gamoTqvam-
da, Semdeg debda mas kiloze, romelic `meanobis~
CarCoebiT iyo reglamentirebuli. mkvlevari kilos
Zlispiris melodiis mniSvnelobiT xmarobs, romel-
zec sruldeba galobaTa da stiqaronTa troparebi.
kilos amgvar interpretacias igi safuZvlad udebs X
saukunis himnografis miqael modrekilis Semdeg gan-
martebas: `sayuarelno, ukeTu erTsa Zlispirsa zeda
romelime kilo erTi orguarad iyos aRniSnul, nu
ucxo giCns, nuca urTierTas winaaRmdgom, rameTu ro-
melime mravlisa Zlispirisa erTi kilo orguarad
ars mexurad, xolo Sen romeli gine, brZane, rameTu
orive WeSmarit ars~. e. metreveli miuTiTebs agreTve
kilos variantebze, romelTa Sesaxeb aRniSnulia mi-
qael modrekilis iadgaris am monakveTSi (17: 045).
XVIII saukunis sazogado moRvawis ioane bagrationis
qarTuli vokaluri da instrumentuli musikaluri
niSnebis saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT, `kilo~ xasiaTis,
tonalobis, hangis specifikis mimcemia (9: 38).
qarTuli werilobiTi Zeglebidan naTelia, rom
`xma~ da `kilo~ musikaluri terminebis saxiT Zveli
droidan momdinareobs. aranakleb sainteresoa `xmis~
xalxuri ganmarteba: `me Cemi sakuTari xma maqvs, sim-
Rerac Cemia, _ gvixsnis TuSi mTxrobeli _ sxva xmaze
rom imReron, etyvian, nu cvli xmasao. Cemi simRera
sxva xmaze ar imRereba. magaliTad, me da Sen SeiZle-
ba erT romelime xmaze SevasruloT simRera, me sxva-
nairad movuqcio, Sen _ sxvanairad, mainc erTi xmaa.

175
Tu vinmes gamoTqmuli xma mogewona, SegiZlia gadai-
Ro, magram simRera unda Seuwyo. Tu xma ar miudgeba
simReras, maSin garmonze daukraven da Sen leqsad
unda Tqva~*. naTqvamidan naTelia, rom `xma~ da `simRe-
ra~ semantikurad gansxvavebuli cnebebia. simRera gu-
lisxmobs `leqsis damRerebiT Tqmas~. amgvari inter-
pretacia ukanasknel dromde SemorCaT aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi mTielebs. `xma~, `simRerisagan~ gansxva-
vebiT, mxolod hangs niSnavs. igi melodiis ritmul-
intonaciuri Taviseburebis gamomxatvelia. magram Ce-
mi aseTi ganmarteba pirobiTia, radgan ama Tu im pi-
ris mier Seqmnili yoveli `xma~ erTi ZiriTadi musi-
kaluri Temis saxeSecvlil gameorebas, variants war-
moadgens. `xmis~ sxvadasxvanairad moqcevac SeiZleba,
magram im ritmul-intonaciur CarCoebSi, romelic ama
Tu im `xmas~ gaaCnia. `xma~ yovelgvar leqss ver Seew-
yoba, radgan `xmis~ metri misi Sesabamisi leqsis
metrs eTavseba. `xmis~ gadaReba im SemTxvevaSia SesaZ-
lebeli, Tu mas sasurveli leqsis metri SeeTavseba.
naTelia, rom `xma~ am SemTxvevaSi konkretuli Sina-
arsis Semcvelia. magram am termins amasTanave farTo
gagebac aqvs. TuSebi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben
`samReral~, `satiral~ da `saTamaSo~ xmebs. es sami
jgufi xmebisa erTimeorisagan gansxvavdeba ritmul-
intonaciuri TaviseburebiT da gansakuTrebiT ki, Ses-
rulebis xasiaTiT. `samReral xmaSi~ igulisxmeba
jgufi simRerebisa (istoriul-sagmiro, sayofacxovre-
bo, Tu satrfialo), romlebic calkeuli pirebis mi-
er aris gamoTqmuli. aseve, `satirali xmac~ aerTia-
nebs calkeul pirTagan gamoTqmul samgloviaro xa-
siaTis simRerebs, rogoricaa `wova diacis xma~, `CaR-
ma diacis xma~ da sxv. `xmas~ hangis mniSvneloba aqvs
gamoTqmaSi `xmis gatexva~. es Cans gudamayreli
mTxroblis ganmartebidan: `ferxisaSi pirvelad xmas

*
masalis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vuxdi istoriis mecnie-
rebaTa doqtors n. azikurs.

176
gaitexda dekanozi, winwin mReras aravin daiwyebda,
vidre dekanozi ar SemRernebda. `xmis gatexva~ erqva
magas. memre ufrosebi vinc sxedan xationni gaimeore-
ben dekanozis sityvebs. bans yvela dasZaxebs~. zemox-
senebuli msjelobis Semdeg vfiqrobT, rom aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos mTielebSi gavrcelebuli natir-
lebis erT-erTi saxeobis, `xmiT tirilis~ saxelwo-
debaSi SemorCenilia `xmis~ rogorc hangis, damRere-
biTi tirilis gamomxatveli sityvis mniSvneloba, ra-
zec, Tavis mxriv, `xmiT tirilis~ musikaluri teqste-
bis melodiur-intonaciuri mxare migvaniSnebs. analo-
giuri mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli `xmiT natirlebisadmi~
miZRvnil naSromebSi (10: 5; 2: 8; 14: 124-135; 15: 24-25). aq-
ve davsZenT, rom xmiT motirali fasdeboda mis mier
gamoTqmuli sityvieri teqstis SinaarsiT: `diacebi
miT natirals imiT Seafasebdnen ro dedaT atireb-
sav Zalianav, marTlac as, zogi satirel sityvebs
iZaxsad, zogi ver~ (20).
xalxur yofaSi `xmis~ paralelur terminad Cans
`kilo~. a. oCiauris xelnaweri masala garkveul war-
modgenas gviqmnis `kilos~ Sesaxeb: `... leqsoba ufro-
sebTan ar SeeZlo axalgazrdebs, ufrosebTan iyo
marto Zveleburi simRerebis mRera xmamaRla da sa-
dac ufros xalxi ar iqneboda, iq ki axalgazrdoba
satrfialo leqsebs mReroda, ara im kiloze, ro-
gorc sagmiro simRerebs imRerden xmamaRla, am mRe-
ras qvioda mRera da axalgazrdoba ro sazandrul
kiloze mReroda, amas erqva leqsoba~, an `celis tar-
ze miT natirlebs imRerdes. sakuTar simRerebic ki
iyv celis tarze samRerlebi. erTi marto kacic im-
Rerdad' SaiZlebod ro jer erTi imRerebdad memr
sxo, meore gaimeorebd amav sityvebs, eseTiTav kiloT.
israc icodes es mRera ro, Tu mas gaigonebd Tunda
sityvisTav ver gagerCiav, wina mamReral ro sityva-
sad mis gagrZelebas gaaTavebd gaCumdebod, meore
mTibel imRerebd mTiblurad Sors ro ma ki madio-
dad simReris kilo~ (19: 13, 28). zemoxsenebul nawyve-

177
tebSi kilo, erTi mxriv, simRerebis garkveuli jgu-
fis ritmul-intonaciuri Taviseburebis gamomxatve-
lia, meore mxriv, konkretuli simReris, melodiis
Taviseburebaze miuTiTebs. magram kilo farTo Sina-
arsis Semcvelicaa. magaliTad, xevsurebSi gavrcele-
bulia `fSaur kiloze~ mRera: `jvarivnebi midiodnen
da gzadagza mRerodnen fSauri mReris kiloze. sim-
Rere anu leqsi SeiZleboda yovelgvari emRera, sagmi-
ro, sikvdilis Sesaxeb, satrfialo da sxva~ (21). `fSa-
ur kilos~ ganasxvaveben xevsurulisagan: `xevsurebis
da Cveni laparaki xo gansxvavdeba, ise Cveni kilo ma-
gaTagan. egeni ver uqceven fSaurad. Cven simReras
`fSaurs~ veZaxiT, magram ferisac fSauria da leq-
sobac fSaur kiloze imRereba~, an `xevsurma xo sxva-
nairi laparaki icis, simRerac sxvanairi icis, fSa-
vel kacs is ver Seuqcevs~ (13: 70-71; 14: 137). irkveva,
rom `kilo~ am SemTxvevaSi gulisxmobs ara konkretu-
li simReris an simReraTa jgufis, aramed erTi gar-
kveuli kuTxis simRerebis melodiur-intonaciur Ta-
viseburebas. es ukanaskneli garkveulwilad iTavsebs
sametyvelo enis kuTxur intonaciur Taviseburebas.
kaxeTSi qarTluri `kilos~ analogiuria `xma~. kaxe-
lebi qarTlelebze ityvian: `igeTnair xmaze mRerian,
rom Cvenebur (kaxur _ n. m.) xmas ara hgav. Cvenken Cax-
larTuli mRera ician, qarTlSi _ ara. kaxelebi sim-
Reris erT monakveTs rom Seasruleben, uceb Sewyveta
ician, qarTlSi es ar ician. kaxelebma ufro Tamamad,
farTed ician mRera. qarTleli kaci sxvanairad la-
parakobs, kaxeli _ sxvanairad. qarTlelebi sxvanai-
rad uqceven~. niSandoblivia xalxuri gamoTqma `kaxu-
ri kilo~ (14: 137). o. CijavaZe kaxur simRerebs gana-
sxvavebs qarTlurisagan simReris Sinagani bunebiT da
Sesrulebis mxriv (24: 5).
xalxur yofaSi damkvidrebuli `xma~ da `kilo~
semantikurad erTgvarovani musikaluri terminebia.
`xma~ simReris, simReraTa jgufis Tu simRerebis kuT-
xuri Taviseburebebis gamomxatvelia, agreTve ama Tu

178
im piris mier gamoTqmuli simReris aRmniSvnelic
aris. aRsaniSnavia, rom gamoTqmaSi `CaRma diacis xma~,
`wova diacis xma~ da sxva, aq `xmas~ garkveuli Tval-
sazrisiT SemorCenili aqvs `xmis~ rogorc zogadad
bgeris gamomxatveli sityvis Tavdapirveli mniSvne-
loba. `kilo~ mxolod hangis Taviseburebis gamomxat-
velia, damoukideblad misi Semqmnelisagan, mTqmeli-
sagan. `kilos~ rogorc kuTxovbrivi Taviseburebis
aRmniSvneli terminis xalxuri interpretacia ueWve-
lad gulisxmobs Sesrulebis individualur, kuTxur
xasiaTs, im intonaciur Taviseburebas, romelic ama
Tu im kuTxis enis kiloebriv TaviseburebasTan erTia-
nobaSi yalibdeba. yuradRebas iqcevs termin `kilos~
etimologiuri kavSiri `kil~-Tan. sulxan-sabas ganmar-
tebiT `kili xvarblis bude~ (sulxan-saba orbeliani,
leqsikoni). magaliTad, cnobilia xorblis kilianTa
anu asliseburTa jgufi, romlis marcvali mWidrod
zis gansakuTrebul budeebSi _ kilebSi (8: 36-37). `ki-
los~ i. abulaZiseuli ganmartebidan sayuradReboa: 1.
kilo-naprali; 2. kilo-yulfi, Rilis gadasacmeli (1:
199). naTelia, rom `kili~, `kilo~ budes, CarCos, Semo-
sazRvruls niSnavs. SesaZloa sityvis am mniSvnelobi-
dan gamomdinareobs musikaluri terminis `kilos~ cne-
ba, rogorc simReris ritmul-intonaciuri Tavisebure-
bis, SeiZleba iTqvas, intonaciuri modelis gamomsat-
velisa.
amgvarad, musikaluri kilos, rogorc kuTxobri-
vi specifikis gamomxatveli terminis xalxuri inter-
pretacia, garda mravalxmianobis formebis, melodi-
ur-intonaciuri da harmoniuli Taviseburebebisa, gu-
lisxmobs Sesrulebis kuTxur xasiaTs, im intonaci-
ur Taviseburebas (niuansebs), romelic sametyvelo
enis kuTxur intonaciur TaviseburebasTan uSualo
kavSirSi yalibdeba. musikaluri kilo, ama Tu im lo-
kalur geografiul garemoSi, kuTxur TaviseburebaTa
kompleqsSi Semavali erT-erTi elementTagania. `ki-
los~ xalxuri ganmartebidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT,

179
bunebrivia saqarTvelos yoveli kuTxis, anu eTnogra-
fiuli jgufis, gamoyofa musikaluri kilos saxiT.
amgvari klasifikacia mkafiod avlens qarTuli xal-
xuri musikis melodiur-intonaciur da harmoniul
mravalferovnebas, im did wvlils, romelic TiToe-
ul kuTxes miuZRvis erovnuli kulturis saganZuris
_ zogadqarTuli musikaluri enis ganviTarebaSi.

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sikoni, Tb., 1972.
2. azikuri n., mgosanni glovisani, Tb., 1986.
3. andriaZe m., qarTuli galobis kanonikurobisa da
tradiciulobis Sesaxeb. qarTuli saeklesio ga-
lobis Tanamedrove problemebi, Tb., 2002.
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5. arayiSvili d., raWuli simRerebi, Tb., 1950.
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8. bregaZe n., mTis miwaTmoqmedeba dasavleT saqar-
TveloSi, Tb., 1969.
9. gvaxaria v., qarTul musikalur sistemaTa ganviTa-
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10. gogolauri i., xmiT natirlebi, Tb., 1981.
11. donaZe v., Salva mSveliZe, Tb., 1946.
12. garayaniZe e., zogierTi qarTuli musikaluri dia-
leqtis dadgenisaTvis. ediSer garayaniZe, rCeuli
werilebi. Semdgeneli n. zumbaZe, redaqtori m. ax-
meteli, Tb., 2007.
13. maisuraZe n., aRmosavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri
kultura, Tbilisi, 1971.

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14. maisuraZe n., qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebis Se-
saxeb, macne, #4, 1982.
15. maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi is-
toriul-eTnografiuli aspeqtebi, Tb., 1989.
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vis, analebi, 2009, #4.
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zada, gamokvleva da saZieblebi daurTo e. metre-
velma, Tb., 1971.
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lopedia, X, Tb., 1976.
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ri, II, bude _ xevsureTi, (bacaligo), rv. 23, 28. 1938.
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dari, I, budexevsureTi, rv. 7., 1939.
21. oCiauri a., religia budexevsureTsa da Satilis
TemSi (VIII), rv. 50, 1940.
22. SaniZe a., qarTuli xalxuri poezia, I, xevsureTi,
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23. SilakaZe m., qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebi. ma-
salebi saqarTvelos eTnografiisaTvis, XX, Tb.,
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24. CijavaZe o., qarTuli (kaxuri) xalxuri simRerebi,
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xalxuri simRera, I, redaqtori gr. CxikvaZe, Tb., 1960.
27. CxikvaZe gr., qarTuli xalxuri musika, Tb., 1965.
28. WoxoneliZe e., qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis ki-
louri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. qarTuli xalxuri
musikis kilo, melodika da ritmi. samecniero
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30. javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTa-
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182
 VIII. qarTul da Crdilokavkasiur musikalur
enaTa urTierTmimarTeba da maTi erTobis
problema

qarTul da Crdilokavkasiur musikalur enaTa

urTierTmimarTeba da maTi erTobis problema XX sa-
ukunis 80-ian wlebamde mecnierTa sagangebo kvlevis
sagani ar gamxdara. arsebobda calkeuli mosazrebani
qarTul da Crdilokavkasiur musikalur kulturaTa
naTesaobis Sesaxeb (6: 114-117; 10: 7-12; 9: 114-117; 23: 281-
299; 69; 33: 353-360; 53: 174-181; 54: 8-11 da sxv.). musikalu-
ri monacemebiT qarTvel da Crdilokavkasiis xalxTa
eTnikuri istoriis, eTnogenezis sakiTxebis kvleva
musikaluri eTnologiis (eTnomusikologiis) sferoSi
gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi ganxorcielda (35: 216-
291; 36: 28-36, 46-50; 37: 53-62; 40: 235-247 da a. S.) am sakiT-
xebs exeba agreTve ufro mogvianebiT gamoqveynebuli
naSromebi (72; 73; 55). aqve davsZenT, rom Crdilokavka-
siis xalxTa xalxur musikas araerTi sayuradRebo
gamokvleva da xalxuri simRerebis krebuli mieZRvna
(30; 31; 11; 70; 71; 7; 24; 51; 47; 57; 29; 61; 62; 63; 21; 1; 74;
66; 50; 68; 52; 26 da sxv.), romlebmac mniSvnelovnad ga-
amdidra Cveni codna am xalxTa musikaluri enebis
Sesaxeb.
arqeologiuri monacemebiT amierkavkasia da, sa-
erTod, kavkasia Zveli qvis xanis adreul safexurze
wina aziis uZvelesi adamianis gavrcelebis sferoSi
Sedioda da SesaZlebelia misi Crdilo, periferiuli
nawili iyo. Zveli qvis xanis Zeglebi amierkavkasiaSi
adgilobrivi kulturis safuZvelzea warmoqmnili.
aRniSnulia bunebrivi garemos gadamwveti roli lo-
kaluri Taviseburebebis warmoqmnaSi. kavkasiis neoli-
Ti adgilobrivi, winare kulturis safuZvelzea aR-
mocenebuli, oRond rogorc erT-erTi Semadgeneli
periferiuli nawili wina aziis uZvelesi samiwaTmoq-
medo centrisa, masTan axlo urTierTobaSi viTarde-
boda. am xanaSi mTel kavkasiaSi mimdinareobs tomTa

183
farTo ganfena, iqmneba monaTesave tomebisagan Sem-
dgari mozrdili eTnikuri jgufebi da, Sesabamisad,
erTgvarovani didi arqeologiuri kulturebi, ro-
melTa did teritoriaze ganfena TandaTanobiT daSo-
rebas iwvevda da kavkasiuri enobrivi da kulturuli
erTobis gaTiSvis safuZvels qmnida. V aTaswleulSi
es erToba ukve daSlili unda yofiliyo. adre brin-
jaos xanaSi, romelic mTel III aTaswleuls moicavs,
sabolood yalibdeba kavkasiis mosaxleobis ZiriTa-
di eTnikuri jgufebi (75: 17-18, 43, 46, 93). fiqroben,
rom winare-qarTveluri eTnosi Zv. w. V-IV aTaswleu-
lebSi unda arsebuliyo. saerTo-qarTveluri enis di-
aleqtebze mosaubre eTnosis erT-erTi areali dasav-
leT saqarTvelo unda yofiliyo da dasavlur-qarTu-
li neoliTi SesaZlebelia, rogorc arqeologebi
fiqroben, winare qarTveluri eTnosis kultura iyo
(46: 119-120). anTropologiuri kvleva-Ziebis safuZvel-
ze gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom saqarTvelos terito-
riaze anTropologiuri tipebis uwyveti memkvidreobi-
Toba, eneoliTis miwurulidan dRemde, qarTvelTa wi-
naprebis adgilobrivi, autoqtonuri warmomavlobis
maCvenebeli unda iyos. saqarTvelos, ufro swored,
samxreT saqarTvelos, dasavleT azerbaijanis da
somxeTis teritoriaze analogiuri tipebis arseboba
da maTi epoqaluri transformaciis erTi mimarTule-
ba, am regionis uZvelesi mosaxleobis erTian geneti-
kur warmomavlobaze unda miuTiTebdes. es anTropo-
logiuri erTianoba SeiZleba maCvenebeli iyos iberi-
ul-kavkasiuri didi erTobisa, romelic SeniSnulia
kulturasa da enaSi (2: 39). istoriuli saqarTvelos
mosaxleoba imTaviTve ekuTvnoda erT did anTropo-
logiur plasts, romelic Sedioda indo-xmelTaSuaz-
Rvispiruli rasis winaaziuri ganStoebis Semadgen-
lobaSi (15: 156). dermatoglifikis monacemebiT kavka-
siuri tipis genezisi da misi Tavisebureba ganxilu-
lia rogorc winaaziuri tipis regionaluri forma,
romelic Camoyalibda gansxvavebul maRalmTian gare-

184
moSi (14: 107). eTnologiuri kvleva-Ziebis safuZvelze
dadasturebulia qarTvel da, saerTod, kavkasiis
xalxTa TviTmyofadi kulturis siZvele da adgilob-
rivi warmoSoba (56: 59). lingvisturi monacemebiT ibe-
riul-kavkasiuri enebi miCneulia monaTesave enebad,
magram amave dros gaCnda gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba,
romelic qarTvelur da mTis kavkasiur enaTa geneti-
kur erTobas uaryofs (sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. 75:
252-267). qarTuli, afxazuri, adiReuri, osuri, CaCnur-
inguSuri da nawilobriv daRestnuri musikaluri ene-
bis retrospeqtulma da istoriul-SedarebiTma Ses-
wavlam SesaZlebelia, Tavis mxriv, Suqi mohfinos kav-
kasiaSi mcxovrebi uZvelesi mosaxleobis eTnogenezis
problemas.
afxazuri xalxuri simRerebis safuZvelia melo-
diuri formula bgeraTa daRmavali moZraobiT kvar-
tis diapazonSi. igi gafarToebulia kvintamde, seq-
stamde, septimamde, oqtavamde. naxtomebi melodiaSi
gawonasworebulia bgeraTa sekunduri moZraobiT.
zogjer melodia iwyeba naxtomiT kvartaze da mTav-
rdeba kvartuli kadansiT. sagmiro simRerebSi SeiniS-
neba melodiuri da harmoniuli elementebis ganviTa-
rebis uZvelesi fena: melodiis daRmavali mimarTule-
ba, glisandirebuli daboloeba, burdonuli mraval-
xmianoba (70: 129; 72: 25, 42-43; 36: 217-242; 35: 28).
afxazur musikalur enaSi Cans uZvelesi melodi-
ur-intonaciuri Sre, romelic saerTo-qarTveluri
musikaluri fuZe-enis areSi Sedis (qarTveluri musi-
kaluri fuZe-enis Sesaxeb ix. winamdebare naSromi, Ta-
vi II). gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa, musikaluri az-
rovnebis ganviTarebis erT-erT uZveles etapze, melo-
diur-intonaciuri kavSiri aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTis, kerZod, fSav-xevsuruli (fxouri) simRerebis im
nimuSebTan, romlebSic reliefurad Cans saerTo-qar-
Tveluri musikaluri fuZe-ena. igi variantebis an
calkeuli intonaciuri saqcevebis saxiT TiTqmis
mTel afxazur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSia daleqili.

185
aRsaniSnavia, rom melodiis ganviTarebis procesSi
(yalibdeba regionaluri melodiur-intonaciuri da
harmoniuli Taviseburebani) es hangi gvxvdeba ara
mxolod simReris dasawyisSi, aramed SuaSi, an das-
kvniT nawilSi, sakadanso melodiuri mimoqcevis sa-
xiT; zog SemTxvevaSi mTel simReraze vrceldeba.
vfiqrobT, rom es aris is ZiriTadi Tavdapirveli mu-
sikalur-intonaciuri fondi, romelsac odesRac emya-
reboda afxazTa musikaluri ena (35: 217-220).

186
187
188
189
190
191
 da a. S.

rogorc aRvniSneT, afxazur musikalur enaSi ar-

sebuli es uZvelesi melodiur-intonaciuri Sre saer-
To-qarTveluri musikaluri enis areSi Sedis da gene-
tikur kavSirSia qarTvelur musikalur fuZe-enasTan,
romelic daleqilia qarTuli musikaluri enis yvela
dialeqtSi, maT Soris _ megrulSi (36: 43; 65: 119).

192
II

da a. S.

193
 aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoxsenebul musikalur-into-
naciur fenas, romelic mTel afxazur sasimRero Se-
moqmedebaSia ganfenili, xSir SemTxvevaSi erwymis
adiReuri musikaluri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli me-
lodiur-intonaciuri saqcevebi (frazebis Tu winada-
debebis saxiT), ris Sedegad iqmneba afxazuri da adi-
Reuri sasimRero nimuSebis nazavi. miuxedavad imisa,
rom es saqcevebi struqturulad adiReur simRerebs
enaTesaveba, igi intonaciurad garkveulwilad scil-
deba adiReur musikalur enas da adgilobrivi, afxa-
zuri musikaluri enis intonaciur Taviseburebebs
iZens, anu musikalur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT afxa-
zuria. es ki, SesaZloa, imas niSnavs, rom afxazuri
simRerebis uZveles musikalur-intonaciur fenaSi, sa-
ukuneebis manZilze xdeboda SeRweva adiReuri sasim-
Rero nimuSebisa, romlebmac met-naklebad adgilob-
rivi intonaciuri saxecvlileba ganicada da sabolo-
od, afxazur musikalur enaSi garkveuli adgili daim-
kvidra. magaliTad, simReraSi (III, 1).

III

194
pirveli winadadebis pirvel-meoTxe taqtebSi melo-
dia uSualo kavSirSia megrul simRerasTan `sufru-
li~ (mesame-meoTxe taqtebi) (III, 2). melodiuri monakve-
Tebi, romlebic eoliur da frigiul kiloebSi
sruldeba, Tavis mxriv, genetikur kavSirSia aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos mTielTa uZveles musikalur nimu-
SebTan da amgvarad, igi saerTo-qarTveluri musika-
luri fuZe-enis intonaciur areSi Sedis. simReris
` ~ mexuTe-meSvide da meTormete-meToT-
xmete taqtebSi melodia uSualo kavSirSia aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos mTielTa saferxulo simRerebis,
magaliTad, `ferxisulis~ (III, 3) da `jvaris winas~ (III,
4) musikalur teqstebTan. meore winadadebis pirveli

195
nawili (merve-mecxre da meaTe-meTerTmete taqtebi) Se-
icavs afxazuri da adiReuri simRerebisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebel intonaciaTa nazavs, romelic qmnis erT mu-
sikalur frazas. simReris harmoniuli safuZveli af-
xazuria anu saerTo-qarTveluria, amave dros igi re-
gionaluri TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva. simReris dasas-
ruls warmodgenilia gafarToebuli kadansi (VI VII
I). imis gamo, rom banis VI safexuri (mi-bemoli) gar-
kveulwilad gafarToebulia, zemoxsenebuli kadansi
frigiuli kadansis elfers iZens. simReris damabo-
loebeli tonikuri bgeris (sol) oqtaviT zeviT ga-
ormageba, am SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebul intonaciur Ta-
viseburebas qmnis, rac rusuli xalxuri musikis gav-
leniT aixsneba. simReris ` ~ (III, I) me-
lodiur-intonaciuri da harmoniuli elementebis er-
Toblioba afxazuri TviTmyofadi musikaluri enis
gamomxatvelia.

IV

196
 adiReur samkurnalo simReraSi `~ (IV, 1)
melodia iwyeba naxtomiT fa-diez kilos pirveli sa-
fexuridan (fa-diezi) kvartaze (si), romelic mesame
taqtSi kvlav kvartis naxtomiT adis kilos septimaSi
(mi). Semdeg, melodia bgeraTa daRmavali sekunduri
svliT Camodis mesame safexurSi (la-diezi). simRera
mTavrdeba si kilos I safexuriT, romlis mimarT ban-
Si fa-diez kilos I safexuri V safexuris funqcias
iZens. simReris gameorebisas banSi si kilos I safe-
xurs meoTxe taqtSi mosdevs V safexuri (fa-diezi),
romelic kvlav fa-diez kilos I safexuris funqcias

197
iZens. am SemTxvevaSi mesame taqtis bolos warmodge-
nili bgera la-diezi JRers rogorc winaswari bgera
fa-diez kilosaTvis. aRsaniSnavia, rom afxazuri sam-
kurnalo simReris ` ~ (IV, 2) pirveli nawi-
li imeorebs adiReuri simReris `~ pirvel
frazas. meore, damaboloebeli nawili, gansxvavebiT
adiReuri simRerisgan, warmoadgens afxazuri simRe-
rebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel bgeraTa daRmaval svlas
si kilos umaRlesi bgeridan kilos tonikamde. meeq-
vse taqtSi, banSi mocemuli bgera do, garkveulwi-
lad si kilos VII safexuris (la) terciis elfers
iZens, rasac meSvide taqtSi mosdevs gafarToebuli
(frigiuli) kadansi. safexurTa Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:
VI VII I. simReris ` ~ (IV, 3) melodia struq-
turulad adiReuria, Tumca igi afxazuri anu saerTo-
qarTveluri harmoniis CarCoebSia moqceuli. melodia
emyareba martivi kadansis (I VII I) safexurebs. `
~ (IV, 4) kvlav afxazuri simRerebisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebel sakadanso svlas Seicavs, romelic warmodge-
nilia igive, gafarToebuli (frigiuli) kadansiT. am
simReris ZiriTadi melodia, romelic sruliad gan-
sxvavebulia adiReurisgan, melodiur-intonaciur kav-
SirSia qarTul, kerZod fSaur `samaias~ da `eTeris
simReris~ (I, 5, 6) musikalur teqstebTan.
infeqciur daavadebasTan (yvavila) dakavSirebu-
li afxazuri simReris ` ~ (V, 1) ZiriTadi me-
lodiuri qsovili aRmosavlur-qarTul `iavnanas~ (V,
2) enaTesaveba.

198
199
 afxazuri ritualuri simRerebi _ `~ (V, 3)
da ` ~ (V, 4) uSualod enaTe-
saveba simReras ` ~ (V, 1). infeqciur daavade-
basTan (yvavila) dakavSirebuli adiReuri simRera
` ~ (V, 5) siaxloves amJRav-
nebs afxazur simRerasTan `~ (V, 3). aRsaniSna-
via, rom afxazur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi warmodge-
nilia agreTve simReris ` ~ iseTi nimuSi (V,
6), romelic gansxvavebulia zemoxsenebuli musikalu-
ri teqstebisagan da melodiuri struqturis Tval-
sazrisiT siaxloves amJRavnebs adiReur sasimRero
SemoqmedebasTan. msgavsi struqturis mqonea adiReuri
simRera ` ~ _ `X~ (V, 7).
afxazur simReris ` ~ (V, 1) ZiriTadi me-
lodiuri qsovili, romelic qarTuli `iavnanas~ in-
tonaciuri areSi Sedis, ukavSirdeba `iavnanas~ iseT
uZveles da martiv musikalur nimuSebs, rogoricaa
`lazare~ (VI, 2), `mze Sina da mze gareTa~ (VI, 3), `de-
dakacebis ferxuli~ (VI, 4).

200
 VI

aRsaniSnavia, rom afxazur istoriul da istori-

ul-sagmiro simRerebSi maT Soris, `narTul eposTan~
dakavSirebul simRerebSi warmodgenili ZiriTadi me-
lodia genetikurad saerTo-qarTvelur musikalur
fuZe-enas ukavSirdeba. amave dros, igi melodiur-in-
tonaciurad afxazuri musikaluri enisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli regionaluri TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva da
zog SemTxvevaSi, met-naklebi saxecvlilebiT, mTeli
simReris manZilze vrceldeba. calkeul frazebsa Tu
winadadebebSi zogjer SeiniSneba adiReuri simRere-
bisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli melodiur-intonaciuri saq-
cevebi, Tumca es saqcevebi adgilobrivi xasiaTis into-
naciur cvlilebebs ganicdis: ` ~ (VII,
1), ` ~ (VII, 2), ` ~ (VII, 3), `
~ (VII, 4), ` ~ (VII, 5), ` -
~ (VII, 6), ` ~ (VII, 7), `~ (VII, 8) da sxv.

201
VII

202
203
 afxazuri musikaluri enis garkveul nimuSebSi
aSkarad Cans, erTi mxriv, adiReuri musikaluri enis
gavlena: melodiaSi Cndeba bgeraTa aRmavali svlebi,
naxtomebi, romelTa Sevseba bgeraTa daRmavali moZ-
raobiT xdeba; rig afxazur simRerebSi melodia Tu
melodiis garkveuli monakveTebi (fraza, winadadeba)
struqturulad enaTesaveba adiReuri simRerebis me-
lodiur struqturas. meore mxriv, adiReuri musika-
luri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ritmul-intonaciu-
ri Taviseburebani, romlebic erwymis afxazur musika-
lur enas, adgilobrivi xasiaTis cvlilebebs ganic-

204
dis anu `gaafxazebulia~ da afxazuri musikaluri
enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli harmoniis CarCoebSia moqce-
uli. aqve davsZenT, rom sakuTriv adiReuri musika-
lur enaSi Cans afxazuri simRerebis harmoniis gav-
lena, rac udaod migvaniSnebs am ori musikaluri
enis mWidro istoriul-kulturul kavSirebze. vfiq-
robT, rom adiReuri musikaluri enis nimuSebi, afxa-
zur musikalur enaSi, SeRwevis gziT mkvidrdeboda.
zogad-SedarebiTi TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa afxa-
zuri da adiReuri musikaluri teqstebi. magaliTad:

VIII
afxazuri

205
 da a. S.
IX
adiReuri

206
207
 da a. S.

adiReuri musikaluri enis calkeuli nimuSebSi

melodia, fraza Tu melodiuri mimoqceva kavSirs av-
lens saerTo-qarTvelur musikalur enasTan:

208
 afxazuri musikaluri ena, romelic afxazuri da ad-
iReuri simRerebis nazavia, Seicavs qarTuli xalxuri sim-
RerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kadansebs, esenia: martivi, ga-
farToebuli, rTuli frigiuli, kvartuli. afxazuri sim-
Rerebis melodiur-intonaciur da harmoniul elementTa

209
erToblioba, musikalur-enobrivi TvalsazrisiT adiReuri
musikaluri enisagan gansxvavbul suraTs iZleva da saer-
To-qarTveluri musikaluri enis areSi Tavsdeba:
XI
qarTuli

210
XII
afxazuri

211
212
 yuradRebas iqcevs qarTul xalxur simRerebSi
wminda kvartis intervaliT daboloebuli kadansis
garTulebuli saxeoba _ rTuli modulaciuri kvartu-
li kadansi. garTuleba xdeba ori gziT: 1. bani dama-
boloebeli akordisken akeTebs svlas ara sekundiT
zeviT, aramed wminda kvartiT qveviT, riTac aormagebs

am akordis ZiriTad, zeda xmaSi moTavsebul bgeras

(ori zeda xmis, kvartis mwvervali) da 2. ukanaskne-
lis win maJoruli akordi warmoadgens meore saxis
qarTuli kadansis formis Sedegs (seqstakordis ter-
ciis kolorituli Secvlisas). am SemTxvevaSi es
akordi iZens ukve ara seqstakordis formas, aramed
dadablebul terciaze warmoiSveba maJoruli samxmo-
vaneba, romelic warmoadgens wina, I safexuris dadab-
lebul terciaze warmoqmnil seqstakordis nairsaxe-
obas. amgvarad, rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli ka-

213
dansi warmoadgens kvartuli kadansis martivi saxeo-
bis da meore saxis qarTuli kadansis SeuRlebas.
rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis dros war-
moiSveba safexurebis kvarta-kvinturi Sefardebis Ca-
nasaxi. marTalia, maJorul-minoruli sistema ar iCens
Tavs, magram pirvelsave xelsayrel pirobebSi SesaZ-
lebelia maJorul-minoruli sistemis SeerTeba kilo-
Ta sistemasTan (5: 115-122).
interess iwvevs afxazur simRerebSi arsebuli
kvartuli kadansebis qarTulTan SedarebiTi analizi.
magaliTad, afxazur simReraSi ` ~
(XIII,1), mecxre taqtSi, si miqsolidiuri kilos I sa-
fexuri, VII-VI safexurebis gavliT gadadis V safe-
xurSi. meaTe-meTerTmete taqtebSi, banSi, bgera fa-di-
ezi meryeobs si miqsolidiuri kilos V safexursa
da damoukidebeli fa-diez kilos I safexurs Soris.
meTerTmete-mecamete taqtebidan irkveva, rom miqsoli-
diuri kilos V safexuri iZens damoukidebeli kilos
I safexuris funqcias, romelic mecamete taqtSi mo-
dulirdeba mi ioniur kiloSi. modulacia warmodge-
nilia rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis sa-
xiT: I II I6 =IV I im gansxvavebiT, rom damoukidebeli
fa-diez doriuli kilos tercia (la) TavisTavad da-
dablebulia. igi, aRniSnuli kilos sxva bgerebTan
SedarebiT, ritmulad myaria, meti daZabulobiT gamo-
irCeva, rasac mosdevs misi gadawyveta mi ionuri ki-
los I safexurSi. meTormete taqtSi, sol-diezi _ re-
diezi da fa-diezi _ do-diezi ganixileba rogorc ka-
dansis gafarToeba, msgavsad magaliTad, qarTul (ka-
xur) xalxur simReraSi `mayruli~ (XIII, 2) warmodge-
nili gafarToebisa. am SemTxvevaSi rTuli modulaci-
uri kvartuli kadansi simReris dasasruls mocemuli
sakadanso mimoqceva ki ar aris, aramed modulaciaa
erTi kilodan meoreSi. amgvari saxiT rTuli modu-
laciuri kvartuli kadansi sxva simRerebSic gvxvde-
ba (XIII, 3).

214
XIII

215
 kvartul kadansTan kavSirSi sainteresoa kadan-
si, warmodgenili simReraSi ` ~
(XIII, 4). magram vidre am musikalur masalas gaviaz-
rebdeT, Cvens yuradRebas SevaCerebT kadansebze sim-
ReraSi (XIII, 5). ocdamexuTmete-ocdameTeqvsmete
taqtebSi mocemulia svla frigiuli kadansis safexu-
rebze (I II), magram nacvlad imisa, rom frigiuli ka-
dansis II safexuri gadasuliyo III (I)-Si, anu axali
kilos tonikaSi, kadansi _ modulacia icvlis saq-
cevs da banSi bgera la akeTebs svlas kvartiT qve-
viT (ocdameTeqvsmete taqti), xolo Sua xma adis se-
kundiT zeviT. viRebT SeWril kadanss, romelic war-
moadgens modulacias sol kilodan mi kiloSi, e. i.
safexurTa Tanmimdevroba aseTia: I II sol kilo = IV
mi I kilo. es kadansi rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli
kadansis erT-erTi saxeobaa, romelic formiT da Si-
naarsiT enaTesaveba qarTul xalxur simRerebSi ar-
sebul rTul modulaciur kvartul kadanss. am Sem-
TxvevaSi igi warmoadgens kvartuli da frigiuli ka-
dansebis Serwymis Sedegs. ocdameCvidmete-ocdamec-
xramete taqtebi (b) wina sakadanso svlis varirebuli
gameorebaa, riTic xazgasmulia simReris dasasruli.
gansxvaveba am or kadanss (a, b) Soris ZiriTadad sa-
fexurTa TanmimdevrobaSia. meore maTganSi safexure-
bi gadanacvlebulia. ocdameCvidmete taqtSi la_do-
diezi_mi samxmovaneba JRers rogorc mi kilos IV sa-
fexuri (maJorul-minoruli sistema), romelic ocda-
meTvramete taqtSi sol_si-re samxmovanebis gavliT
wydeba mi kilos I safexurSi. sol-si-re, erTi mxriv,
JRers rogorc mi kilos III safexuri, meore mxriv _
rogorc aRniSnuli kilos I safexuris nawili (sol-
si-re-s prima da tercia mi kilos I safexuris tercia
da kvintaa).
simReris `~ dasasruls mocemuli kadansis
(b) Sedareba kadansTan romelic warmodgenilia sim-
ReraSi ` ~ (XIII, 4), gviCvenebs,

216
rom es kadansebi erTgvarovania im gansxvavebiT, rom
pirvel maTganSi mkafiod Cans misi ganviTarebis gza,
meore maTgani ki, ukve gvevlineba calke mdgom damo-
ukidebel afxazur kadansad, romelic TviTmyofadi
xasiaTisaa. am SemTxvevaSi safexurTa Tanmimdevroba
Semdeg saxes iRebs: I VII si-bemol dor.=III fa eol. I.
meToTxmete taqtSi (4) la-bemoli_mi-bemoli meryeobs
si-bemol doriuli kilos VII safexursa da fa eoliu-
ri kilos III safexurs Soris. marTalia, aq si-bemol
doriuli kilos I safexuri si-bemoli_fa (meToTxmete
taqti) JRers rogorc modulaciis Sedegad miRebuli
fa kilos IV safexuri, magram si-bemol kilos VI safe-
xuri, am SemTxvevaSi, mainc ZiriTad mamodulirebel sa-
fexurad warmogvidgeba. amgvarad, rogorc irkveva, gan-
xiluli afxazuri kadansi, sxva msgavs sakadanso for-
mebTan erTad (XIV, 1-7), qarTulSi arsebuli rTuli mo-
dulaciuri kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaobaTa rigs ga-
nekuTvneba (33: 353-359; SeadareT 10: 11; 9: 116).
kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaobaTa Soris sayu-
radReboa agreTve kvartiT daboloebuli kadansi,
romelic afxazur simRerebSi arcTu ise iSviaTad
gvxvdeba. igi formiT msgavsia zemoT ganxiluli rTu-
li modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaobisa,
magram SinaarsiT ramdenadme gansxvavdeba misgan. maga-
liTad, simReris ` ~ (XIV, 8) meeqvse-merve
taqtebSi, banSi mocemulia VII VI I safexurTa monac-
vleoba. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom bani Seicavs
rTul kadanss, romelSic safexurebi gadanacvlebu-
lia. aqve davsZenT, rom VI safexuridan uSualo ga-
dasvla kilos I safexurSi, afxazuri simRerebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebas warmoqmnis. simReris da-
maboloebeli kadansi (merve-meaTe taqtebi) igive safe-
xurebs Seicavs im gansxvavebiT, rom bani moZraobs se-
kundis qveviT da gadadis V safexurSi, romelic fa-eo-
liuri kilos tonikasTan erTad qmnis kvartis inter-
vals. sayuradReboa, rom kvartis mwvervali (fa) emTxve-
va zemoT aRniSnuli rTuli kadansis tonikas. simRera-

217
Si ` ~ (XIV, 9) banSi I safexuri (la frigiuli
kilos tonika), erTi SexedviT, simReris bolos mocemu-
li re eoliuri kilos V safexuris mniSvnelobas
iZens da III safexuris gavliT gadadis re kilos I sa-
fexurSi. vfiqrobT, rom am kadansis safuZveli afxazu-
ri kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaobaa (XIV, 9, ).

XIV

218
219
 rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis mra-
valferovani saxeobebis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawi-
li _ kvartuli kadansi, romelic kadansTa Soris uZ-
velesTagania, saerToa qarTul-afxazurisaTvis. cno-
bilia, rom wminda kvarta, damoukidebeli intervalis
saxiT, kadansis bolos da, saerTod, safexurTa Tan-
mimdevrobaSi, simReris warmoSobis ganmsazRvreli
erT-erTi niSania (5: 113). mogvianebiT, zemoxsenebuli
mosazreba afxazuri TviTmyofadi kadansis warmomav-
lobis Sesaxeb, m. xaSbam gaiziara (72: 27).
adiReur simRerebSi gavrcelebulia qarTul-afxa-
zuri simRerebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli martivi, rTuli,
frigiuli da qarTuli (eoliuri) kadansebi, rTul mo-
dulaciur kvartul kadansTa saxesxvaobani da kvartiT
daboloebuli kadansi. es kadansebi formiT da Sinaar-
siT siaxloves amJRavnebs afxazur simRerebSi arsebul
kvartul kadansTa nairsaxeobebTan. ufro metic, imeo-
rebs afxazur simRerebSi arsebul kadansebs (36: 30).

XV

220
221
222
223
 magaliTad, afxazuri simReris (XV,
#9) mesame taqtSi, banSi sol kilos I safexuri VII
safexuris gavliT gadadis VI safexurSi (mi-si). safe-
xurTa es Tanmimdevroba (I VII VI) imeorebs qarTuli
(megruli) simRerebis banSi safexurTa igive monac-
vleobas: simReraSi `oCeSxvei~ (XV, 10) sol kilos I
safexuri VII-s gavliT gadadis VI safexurSi. simRe-
ris `~ meeqvse taqtSi safexurTa igive mo-
nacvleobaa im gansxvavebiT, rom es safexurebi gada-
nacvlebulia anu banSi I VII VI safexurTa nacvlad

224
warmodgenilia VII I VI safexurebi, rac qmnis afxazu-
risaTvis damaxasiaTebel intonaciur saqcevs. aq VI
safexuri (mi) garkveul damoukideblobas iZens. meSvi-
de taqtSi melodiaSi mocemuli bgera mi, avsebs meeq-
vse taqtis bolos warmodgenil kvintis (mi-si) inter-
vals. merve-meTerTmete taqtebSi mocemulia rTuli
modulaciuri kvartuli kadansi (safexurTa Semdegi
TanmimdevrobiT: VII mi kilo I II=IV do kilo I), rom-
lis nairsaxeobani, rogorc aRiniSna, xSiria axazur
simRerebSi. am TvalsazrisiT interess iwvevs afxazu-
ri ` ~ (XV, 11), sadac warmodgenilia rTu-
li modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaoba. er-
Ti mxriv, meTerTmete taqtSi (11a), banSi mi-bemol ki-
los I safexurs (sol kilos gafarToebuli VI safe-
xuri), meTormete taqtSi mosdevs II safexuri, rome-
lic utoldeba do kilos IV safexurs. am ukanas-
knels mosdevs III (mi-bemoli _ sol-bemoli) da Sem-
deg _ kilos I safexuri, anu aq warmodgenilia rTu-
li modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis nairsaxeoba, sa-
dac banSi safexurebi gadanacvlebulia I II=IV do ki-
lo III I (meTormete taqtSi, banSi la-bemoli JRers
rogorc I6, mecamete taqtSi sol _ rogorc mi-bemo-
lis tercia). meore mxriv, mecamete taqtSi (11b) do
kilos V safexuri _ sol iZens sol kilos I safexu-
ris funqcias. meTerTmete taqtSi sol kilos VI sa-
fexuri (mi-bemoli) gadadis VII-Si (fa), romelsac
mosdevs VII6 (la-bemol _ fa), mecamete taqtSi war-
modgenilia kvlav sol kilos I safexuri, romelic
utoldeba do kilos V safexurs. es ukanaskneli do
kilos III safexuris gavliT gadadis do kilos I sa-
fexurSi. Cndeba kadansis axali saxeoba, romelic da-
moukidebeli, saxeSecvlili kadansis saxiT gvxvdeba
adiReur simRerebSi. magaliTad, adiReur simReraSi
`~ (XV, 12), meCvidmete taqtSi, banSi mi ki-
los IV safexuri utoldeba la kilos I safexurs,
romelsac mosdevs IV V III I safexurebi. adiReuri

225
simReris ` ~ (XV, #13) variantebSi melodia
sruldeba momRerlis mier an _ sakravze. winamdebare
varianti Sesrulebulia SiCepSinis da gundis mier.
meToTxmete-meTeqvsmete taqtebSi warmodgenilia afxa-
zuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli rTuli modu-
laciuri kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaoba: I VII re ki-
lo=IV sol kilo III I. igive kadansis varianti aRi-
niSneba adiReur simReraSi ` ~ (XV,
14). meTxuTmete-meTvramete taqtebSi mocemulia kadan-
si Semdegi formuliT: VII mi kilo=IV la kilo III I.
adiReuri simReris ` ~ (XV, 15) saka-
danso svlas (romelic oqtavebs Seicavs) safuZveli
udevs igive rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis
saxesxvaoba. sainteresoa adiReur simReraSi `
~ (XV, 16) warmodgenili sakadanso mimoqceva.
merve taqtSi kvartiT daboloebul kadanss (do-diezi
_ fa-diezi) mosdevs kvartis mwvervali (fa-diezi), ki-
los tonikuri bgeris saxiT (VII fa-diezi VI I). igi
enaTesaveba kadanss, romelic damaxasiaTebelia afxa-
zuri simRerebisaTvis. magaliTad, afxazur simReraSi
` ~ (XV, 17), pirvel epizodSi mexuTe-meS-
vide taqtebSi, banSi fa-diez kilos VII safexuri ga-
dadis VI safexurSi, romelsac mosdevs fa-diez ki-
los I safexuri. meore epizodSi (merve-meaTe taqtebi)
kadansi mTavrdeba kvartis intervaliT (do-diezi _
fa-diezi). igi imeorebs afxazur simReraSi `
~ (XV, 18) arsebul imave kadanss.
adiReur simReraSi `
~ (XV, 19) meoTxe taqtSi, banSi
sol kilos I safexurs mosdevs VII VI safexurebi.
fraza dasrulebulia kvartis intervaliT (re-sol),
romlis mwvervali (sol) gaiazreba rogorc kilos
tonika. mexuTe taqtSi igi gadadis VII safexurSi (fa-
do), romelic utoldeba do kilos IV safexurs. am
ukanasknels mosdevs III safexuri, romelic gadadis do
kilos I safexurSi (do-sol). formula Semdegia: I sol

226
kilo VII=IV do kilo, III I anu formulaSi warmodgeni-
lia rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli kadansis nairsaxe-
oba. adiReur simRerebSi gavrcelebulia qarTul-afxa-
zuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli martivi, rTuli,
frigiuli, kvartuli kadansebi. adiReurSi rTuli mo-
dulaciuri kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaobaTa arseboba
afxazuri musikaluri enis gavlenis Sedegia.
afxazuri simRerebisaTvis, qarTulis msgavsad,
damaxasiaTebeli kiloebia eoluri, miqsolidiuri,
doriuli, frigiuli da ioniuri (9: 116; 35: 217-242: 72:
43-44, 46). simRerebis analizi cxadyofs, rom zemoxse-
nebuli uZvelesi melodiur-intonaciuri Sre, qarTu-
lis analogiurad, ZiriTadad eoliur da frigiul
kiloebzea agebuli (35: 241). vfiqrobT, rom maJorul-
minoruli sistemis Casaxva harmoniul elementTa Si-
nagani ganviTarebis Sedegia. adiReuri simRerebi ag-
reTve eoliur, frigiul, doriul, miqsolidiur da
ioniur kiloebSi sruldeba (36: 31; 72: 46). adiReurSi
ufro metad, vidre afxazurSi SeiniSneba maJorul-mi-
noruli sistemis Serwyma zemoxsenebul kiloebTan.
rigi adiReuri simRerebisa maJorul-minorul siste-
mas emyareba. (36: 31; 57: 151-152; 72: 46).
afxazuri simRerebi ori da samxmiania. samxmiano-
bis arseboba axsnilia qarTulis _ megruli da sva-
nuri musikaluri dialeqtebis gavleniT (9: 117; 23:
286) am TvalsazrisiT afxazur musikalur enaSi Cans
agreTve kavSiri ara mxolod dasavlur-qarTul, ara-
med aRmosavlur-qarTul musikalur dialeqtebTan (73:
144-168), rac, Tavis mxriv migvaniSnebs, ufro mogviane-
biT, afxazur-qarTul mWidro kulturul-istoriul
urTierTobebze.

227
 XVI

da a. S.

afxazur simRerebSi dadgenilia polifoniis

formebi: burdonuli, kompleqsuri da ostinaturi,
uZveles orxmian simRerebSi mravalxmianobis burdo-
nuli formis upiratesobiT (70: 50; 71: 30), anu afxa-
zur musikalur enaSi warmodgenilia qarTuli mra-
valxmianobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebi, romel-
Ta Soris Tavdapirveli, mravalxmianobis burdonuli
formaa (35: 216-242). niSandoblivia, rom orxmian afxa-
zur simRerebSi melodiis ganviTareba emyareba bgera-
Ta daRmaval moZraobas kilos umaRlesi bgeridan
tonikamde. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom Tavdapirveli me-
lodiur-intonaciuri formulebi enaTesaveba aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos im simRerebs, romlebic qarTvelTa

228
musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZvelesi etape-
bis gamomxatvelia da genetikurad saerTo-qarTvelur
musikalur fuZe-enas ukavSirdeba. afxazur simRereb-
Si moZravi bani, rogorc Cans, svanuridan momdinare
dasavlur-qarTuli anu akorduli kompleqsebis sin-
qronul moZraobaze agebuli (kompleqsuri) mraval-
xmianobis Sedegia. moZravi anu ritmuli bani SeiniSne-
ba ara mxolod afxazur samxmianobaSi, aramed _ orxmi-
anobaSi. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa magaliTad, sim-
Reris `~ orxmiani da samxmiani variantebi (XVII).

XVII

229
 da a. S.

moZravi bani damaxasiaTebelia mravalxmianobis

kompleqsuri formisaTvis, romlis gaCena dakavSire-
bulia samxmianobasTan, kerZod qarTuli mravalxmia-
nobis im formasTan, romelic gulisxmobs xmaTa kom-
pleqsur, upiratesad paralelur moZraobas. afxazur
orxmian simRerebSi epizodurad Cndeba xmaTa parale-
luri moZraoba terciebSi, kvartebsa da kvintebSi,
magram _ garkveuli kiloebis CarCoebSi anu kiloebi-

230
saTvis damaxasiaTebeli sekunduri funqcionaluri
urTierTdamokidebulebis pirobebSi. afxazur orxmia-
nobaSi moZravi banis gavrcelebam ganapiroba afxa-
zur musikalur enaSi mravalxmianobis specifikuri
formis Camoyalibeba. mravalxmianobis msgavsi forma
damaxasiaTebelia adiReuri simRerebisaTvis, rac af-
xazuris uSualo gavlenis Sedegia. adiReur musika-
lur enaSi dadgenilia banis (melodiis Tanmxlebi
gundis) Semdegi saxeobani: melodiis Tanxleba uni-
sonSi, gabmuli, ostinaturi, melodizirebuli da mo-
nacvleobiTi (24: 202-203). mravalxmianobis ZiriTadi
forma burdonulia (57: 173).
adiReur simRerebSi SeiniSneba rusuli xalxuri
simRerebis intonaciuri gavlena. igive SeiniSneba af-
xazur simRerebSi (9: 117; 43: 281).
afxazur musikalur enaSi Tavdapirveli, uZvele-
si melodiur-intonaciuri fena genetikur kavSirSia
saerTo-qarTvelur musikalur fuZe-enasTan. igi mTel
afxazur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSia ganfenili. imav-
droulad Cndeba adgilobrivi, regionaluri melodi-
ur-intonaciuri Taviseburebani. afxazur musikalur
enaSi arsebuli zemoxsenebuli uZvelesi saerTo-qar-
Tveluri melodiur-intonaciuri Sre daleqilia qar-
Tuli musikaluri enis yvela musikalur dialeqtSi.
ufro mogvianebiT afxazurSi Tavs iCens adiReuri mu-
sikaluri enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli melodiur-into-
naciuri saqcevebi, Tu sasimRero nimuSebi, ris Sede-
gad iqmneba afxazuri da adiReuri simRerebis nazavi,
rac afxazuri da adiReuri musikaluri enebis sinTe-
zis an garkveulwilad _ sinkretizmis Sedegia. miuxe-
davad imisa, rom Cndeba afxazuris struqturuli na-
Tesaoba adiReur simRerebTan, intonaciurad garkve-
ulwilad scildeba adiReur musikalur enas da ad-
gilobriv intonaciur Taviseburebas iZens, anu musi-
kalur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT afxazuria. es ki,
SesaZloa imas niSnavs, rom afxazuri simRerebis uZ-
veles musikalur-intonaciur fenaSi, saukuneebis man-

231
Zilze mimdinareobda adiReuri musikaluri enis nimu-
Sebis SeRweva, romlebmac met-naklebad adgilobrivi
intonaciuri saxecvlileba ganicada da, sabolood,
afxazur musikalur enaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, mniSvne-
lovani adgili daimkvidra. niSandoblivia, rom rig
afxazur istoriul da istoriul-sagmiro simRereb-
Si, maT Soris `narTul eposTan~ dakavSirebul simRe-
rebSi warmodgenili ZiriTadi melodiuri qsovili
genetikurad saerTo-qarTvelur musikalur fuZe-enas
ukavSirdeba, amave dros igi afxazurisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli regionaluri TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva da
zog SemTxvevaSi met-naklebi saxecvlilebiT mTeli
simReris manZilze vrceldeba. calkeul frazebsa Tu
winadadebebSi agreTve Cans adiReuri simRerebis me-
lodiur-intonaciuri saqcevebis arseboba, magram igi
adgilobrivi xasiaTis intonaciur cvlilebebs eqvem-
debareba, anu `gaafxazebulia~ da afxazuri musika-
luri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli harmoniis CarCoeb-
Sia moqceuli. aqve davsZenT, rom sakuTriv adiReur
musikalur enaSi afxazuri simRerebis harmoniis gav-
lena Cans, rac udaod, migvaniSnebs am ori musikalu-
ri enis urTierTgavlenebze, aqedan gamomdinare mWid-
ro kulturul-istoriul kavSirebze.
musikaluri teqstebis analizis Sedegebidan ir-
kveva, rom adiReuri musikaluri ena afxazur musika-
lur enaSi, saukuneTa manZilze, SeRwevis gziT mkvid-
rdeba. aqve SevniSnavT, rom Tavad adiReuri simRere-
bis calkeul nimuSebSi melodia, fraza Tu calkeu-
li melodiuri mimoqcevebi kavSirs avlens saerTo-
qarTvelur musikalur enasTan. afxazuri simRerebis
kadansebi organulad aris dakavSirebuli qarTuli
musikaluri enis yvela musikaluri dialeqtisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel kadansebTan. afxazuri rTuli saxis
kvartul kadansebs, romlebic TviTmyofadi kadanse-
bis saxiT yalibdeba, safuZvlad qarTuli rTuli mo-
dulaciuri kvartuli kadansi udevs.

232
 adiReur simRerebSi gavrcelebulia qarTul-af-
xazuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli saerTo ka-
dansebi, agreTve _ rTuli modulaciuri kvartuli
kadansis saxesxvaobani, romlebic formiT da Sinaar-
siT siaxloves amJRavnebs afxazurisaTvis damaxasia-
Tebeli kvartuli kadansis saxesxvaobebTan, anu kvar-
tuli kadansebis mravalferovani formebis arseboba
adiReurSi, afxazuris gavleniT aixsneba.
qarTuli musikaluri enis analogiurad, afxazu-
ri musikaluri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mraval-
xmianobis burdonuli da sinqronuli xmaTa svlis
formebi. ZiriTadia burdonuli mravalxmianoba. adi-
ReurSi mravalxmianobis ZiriTadi forma agreTve
burdonulia. moZravi anu ritmuli bani afxazurSi
qarTuli, svanuri mravalxmianobis (samxmianoba) kom-
pleqsuri formis gavrcelebis Sedegia.
miuxedavad, saukuneebis manZilze, afxazuri musi-
kaluri enis mWidro kultrul-istoriuli kavSirisa
adiReurTan, afxazuri simRerebis melodiur-intona-
ciur da harmoniul elementTa erToblioba, regiona-
luri TaviseburebebiT, musikalur-enobrivad, qarTve-
luri musikaluri enis arealSi Tavsdeba.
afxazTa eTnikuri istoriis sakiTxebi didi xa-
nia istorikosTa, enaTmecnierTa arqeologTa, eTnog-
rafTa da anTropologTa kvlevis sagnad iqca. eTno-
nim `afxaz~-is warmomavlobis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani
mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli. aqve davsZenT, rom sakiTxis
irgvliv, samecniero wreebSi, araerTgvarovani Sexe-
duleba arsebobs. erTi mxriv fiqroben, rom afxazebi
dasavlur-qarTuli tomebia, meore mxriv, afxazebs
warmomavlobiT Crdilokavkasiur, adiReur eTnikur
samyaros ukavSireben (i. javaxiSvili, s. janaSia, s.
yauxCiSvili, p. ingoroyva, n. berZeniSvili, g. meliqiS-
vili, d. musxeliSvili, T. gamyreliZe, n. lomouri, m.
inaZe, x. bRaJba, z. anCabaZe, S. inal-ifa, z. papaskiri,
g. gasviani, T. mibCuani, z. ratiani, j. gamaxaria, s. ba-
xia-oqruaSvili, m. xaSba, n. javeliZe da sxv. sakiT-

233
xTan dakavSirebiT vrclad ix. 13) interess iwvevs
ukanasknel wlebSi Catarebuli afxazTa anTropolo-
giuri kvlevis Sedegebi. angariSgasawevia mosazreba,
rom SeuZlebelia romelime eTnoss Cvenamde moeRwios
Tavdapirveli saxiT. icvleba ara marto eTnosisaT-
vis damaxasiaTebeli ena, kultura da a. S., aramed
cvlilebas ganicdis misTvis damaxasiaTebeli morfo-
logiuri tipic. Tanamedrove mosaxleobis eTnogene-
tikurma kvlevebma zogadad aCvena, rom xalxTa kul-
turuli da enobrivi naTesaoba xSirad maT warmomav-
lobiT naTesaobas da saerTo genofonds ar Seesaba-
meba. anTropologiuri tipis axali arealebis aTvise-
bas yovelTvis Tan axlavs maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli
enisa da kulturis gavrceleba. eTnikuri anTropo-
logia eZebs morfologiur niSan-TvisebaTa erTobli-
obas, romelic damaxasiaTebelia ama Tu im eTnosi-
saTvis (17: 7). afxazebis morfologiuri tipis rasob-
riv sistematikaSi kuTvnilebasTan da eTnogenezTan
dakavSirebiT, samecniero literaturaSi urTierTsa-
pirispiro, gansxvavebuli mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli.
maT Soris, erT-erTi mosazrebis mixedviT, erTi
mxriv, uaryofilia afxazebis kolxur tipSi gaerTia-
neba da marTebuladaa miCneuli afxazebis balkanur-
kavkasiuri rasis adiReuri tipis lokalur anTropo-
logiur variantSi gamoyofa, meore mxriv, afxazebi
qarTvelebTan erTad kolxuri tipis lokaluri vari-
antia. anTropologiuri monacemebi mowmoben afxaze-
bis istoriul kavSirebs metwilad qarTul eTnikur
samyarosTan, vidre adiReurTan da afxazebis eTnoge-
nezi ganixileba rogorc erT-erTi qarTveluri jgu-
fis adiReur enaze gadasvla (18: 277-279). uaxlesi an-
Tropologiuri monacemebiT, afxazebis anTropologi-
uri Tavisebureba, sxvadasxva sistemebis _ somatolo-
giis, dermatoglifikis, sisxlis izoantigenebis, kra-
niologiis _ Seswavlis safuZvelze ganixileba ro-
gorc polimorfuli jgufi, romlis Sida populaciu-
ri da populaciebs Soris cvalebadoba ar gamodis

234
eTnikuri jgufisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli farglebidan.
miuxedavad gansxvavebuli gvarebisa (megruli, lazu-
ri, adiRe-Cerqezuli), afxazebSi ar SeiniSneba Sida
diferenciacia. Crdilokavkasielebis gadmosaxlebis
Sedegad moxda mosaxleobis Serwyma (asimilacia) im-
denad organulad, rom mosulisa da damxvduris Ta-
visebureba, TviTmyofadoba gaqra. SesaZloa anTropo-
logiurad aradiferencirebis mizezi kavkasiis abori-
geni mosaxleobis saerTo substratia, romelic, yo-
vel SemTxvevaSi, saerTo iyo Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi
mainc (18: 282). afxazebis anTropologiuri ieri mTli-
anad qarTvelebis sxvadasxva eTnografiuli jgufe-
bis msgavsia. afxazebis warmomavloba mWidro kavSir-
Sia ara erT konkretul qarTvelur jgufTan, aramed
maTi morfologiuri msgavseba sxvadasxva doziT da-
savleT saqarTvelos qarTvelur jgufebTan vlindeba.
sxvadasxva morfologiur niSanTa sistemiT miRebuli
Tanxvedri SedegebiT, afxazebis uaxloesi uaxloesTa
Soris kavSiri qarTvelur jgufebTan vlindeba. soma-
tologiuri niSnebis analizi gvarebis mixedviT adas-
turebs, rom afxazeTis teritoriaze gansaxlebuli uZ-
velesi tomebis eTnikuri vinaoba qarTuli iyo. morfo-
logiurad amas dermatoglifikuri sistemebi adastu-
rebs. dasavleT saqarTvelos uZvelesi mosaxleoba
morfologiurad ar gansxvavdeboda (18: 294).
angariSgasawevia musikaluri monacemebi, romlis
mixedviT afxazuri musikaluri ena, ganviTarebis uZve-
les etapebze, organulad iyo dakavSirebuli saerTo-
qarTvelur musikalur enasTan. sagulisxmoa, rom saer-
To-qarTveluri musikaluri enidan Tavdapirvelad igi
musikaluri dialeqtis doneze gancalkevda. amave dros,
afxazuri da adiReuri musikaluri masala, garkveulwi-
lad, melodiur-intonaciur da harmoniul elementTa
gansakuTrebul siaxloves amJRavnebs, Tumca orive maT-
ganSi harmoniuli azrovnebis safuZveli qarTveluria
(maT Soris kadansebi, mravalxmianobis formebi, kerZod,
burdonuli mravalxmianoba, rogorc mravalxmianobis

235
ZiriTadi forma). musikaluri masalis analizi mowmobs,
rom harmoniul elementTa ganviTarebis procesSi, afxa-
zuri asrulebda Sualedur rols qarTulsa da adiRe-
urs Soris. iqneb amiT aixsnas is garemoeba, rom afxazu-
ri xalxuri musika qarTulTan naTesaobis srul su-
raTs iZleva. gansxvavebiT afxazurisagan adiReurSi,
xSir SemTxvevaSi, wyvetili Cndeba, romlis tipologiu-
ri Sevseba afxazuri simRerebis saSualebiT xerxdeba.
sagulisxmoa, rom afxazuri musikaluri ena Camoyalib-
da, saukuneebis manZilze, afxazurSi adiReuri musika-
luri elementebis SeRwevisa da Serwymis Sedegad. spe-
cifikur niSanTa zrdasTan erTad, rogorc Cans, sul
ufro Rrmavdeboda afxazuris, rogorc odesRac saer-
To qarTveluris erT-erTi musikaluri dialeqtis di-
vergenciis procesi, rac sabolood, qarTuli musikalu-
ri kulturis arealSi Semavali, qarTulis monaTesave
afxazuri musikaluri enis CamoyalibebiT dasrulda.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom musikaluri enis ganvi-
Tarebis procesi, sametyvelo enis msgavsad, xangrZliv
periods moicavs. igi aTaswleulebis manZilze viTar-
deba, nela icvleba musikaluri enis zogierTi struq-
turuli kanonzomiereba, romelic tipologiurad ax-
lo dgas enis gramatikul kanonzomierebebTan.
musikaluri monacemebiT vfiqrobT, rom afxazebi
dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriul teritoriaze qar-
Tveluri kulturis matarebel erT-erT qarTvelur
tomad moiazreba.
osuri simRerebi xasiaTdeba melodiis daRmava-
li, zigzagiseburi moZraobiT kilos umaRlesi bgeri-
dan tonikamde. melodiis diapazoni kilos kvartidan
undecimamde aRwevs. naxtomebi kvartaze, kvintaze,
did seqstaze, patara septimaze, oqtavaze Sevsebulia
bgeraTa daRmavali moZraobiT. kadansebidan sayurad-
Reboa martivi, gafarToebuli, rTuli, agreTve _ ka-
dansebi Semdegi formulebiT: VI I VII VI I. aRsaniSna-
via kadansTa variantebi: VI I4 da VI IV I4. bani Sedge-
ba Sekavebuli bgerebisagan da vrceldeba terciidan

236
septimamde. igi ZiriTadad mdored moZraobs. banSi ga-
moiyeneba bgeraTa moZraoba terciebSi, calkeuli in-
tonaciebis an sekvenciebis saxiT. erTi nagebobis
farglebSi, an nagebobaTa Soris bani Seicavs naxto-
mebs. dominanturi safexurebia VII II. sagmiro simRe-
rebi ori da, iSviaTad, samxmiania. masSi bani ritmu-
lad naklebad moZravia, xSirad _ Sekavebuli; iSvia-
Tad monacvleobs mcire melodiur svlebTan. SeniSnu-
lia am tipis osuri orxmiani simRerebis msgavseba
aRmosavlur-qarTul simRerebTan. bani melodiasTan
erTad qmnis kvartebis, kvintebis da oqtavebis Tanax-
movanebas, rac damaxasiaTebelia agreTve afxazuri da
adiReuri simRerebisaTvis. osuri tradiciuli orxmi-
anoba Semonaxulia CrdiloeT oseTis simRerebSi. mas-
Si Cans orxmianobis adgilobrivi Taviseburebebi. sam-
xmianobis arseboba samxreT osur (Sida qarTli) sim-
RerebSi axsnilia qarTuli mravalxmianobis gavleniT.
aRiniSnulia afxazuri orxmiani simRerebis msgavseba
osur orxmian simRerebTan; afxazuri da osuri simRe-
rebis melodiuri da ritmuli siaxlove, an, zog Sem-
TxvevaSi, maTi identuroba. igive SeiniSneba agreTve af-
xazur da adiReur simRerebSi. afxazuris melodiur-in-
tonaciuri naTesaoba osurTan, kerZod, istoriul-sag-
miro simRerebTan, solo-gunduri Sesrulebis saerTo
xasiaTSi mJRavndeba (1: 322; 61: 255-256; 63: 121, 126, 130; 23:
286, 288; 21: 10-11; 74: 12-15; 10: 11; 9: 117; 36: 31-34).
osur simRerebSi melodiis daRmavali mimarTule-
ba da banSi Sekavebuli bgerebi miuTiTebs mis kavSirze
aRmosavlur-qarTul musikalur wresTan. osuri simRe-
rebis melodiaSi arsebuli naxtomebi Cans agreTve af-
xazur da, gansakuTrebiT, adiReur simRerebSi. rac See-
xeba kadansebs, zemoT dasaxelebuli kadansebidan pir-
veli sami (martivi, gafarToebuli, rTuli) imeorebs
qarTul-afxazur-adiReur simRerebSi arsebul kadan-
sebs. kadansebi formulebiT VI I, VI IV4, an VII VI I ime-
orebs afxazur simRerebSi gabatonebul sakadanso
formulebs. osurSi gavrcelebuli rTuli modulaciu-

237
ri kvartuli kadansis nairsaxeoba uSualo kavSirs av-
lens afxazur amave saxis kadansebTan (37: 57-58).
XVIII

238
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 zemoT warmodgenili musikaluri teqstebidan sain-
teresoa magaliTad, simRera ` ()~
(XVIII, 5), sadac meoTxe taqtis (frazis) bolos warmod-
genilia frigiuli da kvartuli kadansebis saxesxvaoba-

243
Ta sinTezi. am SemTxvevaSi kilos tonika kvartis mwver-
valia. simReraSi ` ~ ()
(XVIII, 6) igive kvartuli kadansia mocemuli, Tumca svla
frigiuli kadansis safexurebze aq aRar Cans. simReraSi
` ~ () (XVIII, 2) meeqvse taqtSi,
banSi si-bemol kilos VII gafarToebuli safexuri, mer-
ve taqtSi gadadis VI safexurSi, romelic, erTi mxriv,
SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc rTuli kadansi (VI si-be-
mol kilo VII I). meore mxriv, si-bemol kilos VI safe-
xuri garkveulwilad damoukidebeli sol-bemol kilos
I safexuris funqcias iZens, rasac mosdevs svla frigiu-
li kadansis safexurebze (VI si-bemol kilo =I sol-be-
mol kilo II III (I si-bemol kilo).
amgvarad, qarTul-afxazur-adiReuri da osuri sim-
Rerebis musikalur-intonaciuri safuZvelia bgeraTa
daRmavali moZraoba kilos umaRlesi bgeridan tonikam-
de. naxtomebi adiReur musikalur enaSi, romlebic met-
naklebad afxazur da osur musikalur enebSi gvxvdeba,
Sevsebulia bgeraTa sekunduri moZraobiT. banis saxes-
xvaobaTa Soris arsebiTi mniSvneloba unda hqonoda
gabmul, burdonul bans, rogorc melodiis ZiriTad
sayrdens. afxazur orxmianobaSi moZravi banis gavrce-
lebam ganapiroba afxazurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mra-
valxmianobis regionaluri specifikuri formis Camoya-
libeba. mravalxmianobis msgavsi formis arseboba adi-
Reur simRerebSi afxazuris uSualo gavleniT aixsneba.
naklebad damajerebelia musikaluri kulturis dasav-
lur-qarTuli wridan moZravi banis erTdrouli SeRwe-
va afxazur da adiReur simRerebSi. osurSi garkveul-
wilad moZravi banis arseboba, vfiqrobT, afxazuris
gavlenis Sedegia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom afxazur, adiReur da osur
simRerebSi nawili kadansebisa imeorebs qarTul xal-
xur simRerebSi arsebul kadansebs (martivi, gafar-
Toebuli, rTuli, frigiuli, qarTuli (eoliuri)). ama
Tu im sakadanso svlaSi, marTalia, Cndeba regiona-
luri Taviseburebebi, rac maT met-naklebad ganasxva-

244
vebs erTmaneTisgan, magram sakadanso formulebis sa-
fuZveli saerToa, qarTveluria. afxazur, adiReur da
osur simRerebSi dadgenili rTuli modulaciur
kvartul kadansTa saxesxvaobani enaTesaveba qarTul-
Si arsebul amave saxelwodebis kadanss. rTuli mo-
dulaciuri kvartuli kadansis Semadgeneli elementi
_ kvartuli kadansi, kadansTa Soris erT-erTi uZve-
lesi forma, saerToa qarTul-afxazur-adiReuri da
osuri simRerebisaTvis (36: 33-34).
qarTuli, afxazuri, adiReuri da osuri simRere-
bi ZiriTadad sruldeba eoliur, frigiul, doriul,
miqsolidiur da ioniur kiloebSi. maJorul-minoru-
li sistemis Casaxva, vfiqrobT, harmoniul elementTa
Sinagani ganviTarebis Sedegia.
musikaluri monacemebidan naTlad Cans saukune-
Ta manZilze osTa mWidro istoriul-kulturuli kav-
Sirebi, erTi mxriv, kavkasiis mezobel xalxebTan. me-
ore mxriv, musikaluri teqstebis retrospeqtuli ana-
lizi mowmobs, rom osuri musikaluri enis substra-
ti kavkasiuria, qarTveluria (37: 58). aqve davsZenT,
rom istoriuli monacemebiT centraluri kavkasiis
sanaxebSi mdebare dvaleTi, ori aTaswleulis man-
Zilze aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erT-erT umniSvnelo-
vanes monapire mTis kuTxes warmoadgenda. igi Crdi-
loeT oseTis, alaniis sazRvrebSia moqceuli da
cnobilia Tualgomis anu TualTas saxelwodebiT.
Tavdapirvelad `Tuali~//`dvali~ aRniSnavda osebis-
gan izolirebulad mcxovreb qarTlis mTielTa erT-
erT toms _ dvalebs (27: 82-87).
saerTo elementebi qarTulTan, CaCnur-inguSur
xalxur musikaSi iCens Tavs. SeniSnulia melodiis,
saorRano punqtis, akordikis da kadansebis (maT So-
ris kvartuli da qarTuli (eoliuri)) siaxlove aR-
mosavleT saqarTvelos barisa da mTis simRerebTan.
dadgenilia kvartkvintakordis warmoSobis erTgvaro-
vani buneba da pirobebi. es akordi qarTul da CaCnur
simRerebSi warmoiqmna rogorc melodiur ise harmo-

245
niul sawyisebze (6: 420-421). araterciuli akordebi
(kvartkvintakordi, sekundkvintakordi) CaCnebsa da in-
guSebSi aRiqmeba rogorc myari akordebi. xSiria sim-
Rerebis am akordebiT damTavreba (50: 12).
kvartkvintakordi da sekundkvintakordi miCneu-
lia ara terciul, aramed kvartuli agebulebis
akordad (50: 12-18; 1, 2-8: 14, #2, 90, #45).

arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazreba, romlis mi-

xedviT araterciuli akordebis (I45 I25 IV47 IV78) sa-
fuZveli terciuli akordebia, romlebic SeniRbuli
saxiT aris warmodgenili. genetikurad ki, es akorde-
bi ukavSirdeba mravalxmianobis uZveles formebs,
rodesac wminda kvartas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
hqonda. kvartkvintakordis pirvelsafuZvlis _ wminda
kvartis melodiuri sawyisi, qarTuli xalxuri musi-
kis adreul formebSi vlindeba. svanurSi kvartkvin-
takordi pirveladi saxiT Cndeba wminda kvintebis sa-
fuZvelze, romlebic samxmian simReraSi qmnis harmo-
niul fons ZiriTadi melodiisaTvis (Sua xma). msgavsi
viTareba SeiniSneba CaCnur simRerebSi, romlebSic me-
lodiis ganviTareba mimdinareobs saorRano punqtis
saxiT warmodgenil wminda kvintebis CarCoSi. kvar-
tkvintakordi, msgavsad qarTulisa, CaCnur simRereb-
Sic warmoadgens disonanss, romelic gadawyvetas mo-
iTxovs. kvantkvintakords CaCnur da qarTul simRe-
rebSi gaaCnia warmoSobis erTgvarovani buneba da pi-
robebi. igi warmoqmnilia rogorc melodiur, ise har-
moniul sawyisebze (5: 80-85; 6: 480-421).
simReris dasruleba kvartkvintakordiT, marTa-
lia iSviaTad, magram qarTul xalxur simRerebSic
gvxvdeba (1 _ `indi-mindi~, 2 _ `jgrg~).

246
 es movlena bunebrivia, radgan, rogorc zemoT aRi-
niSna, kvartkvintakordi genetikurad wminda kvartas
ukavSirdeba, xolo Tavad es akordi warmoiqmna kvartaze
wminda kvintis daSenebiT, anu kvartkvintakordis safuZve-
li terciuli wyobaa da igi garkveulwilad moiazreba
rogorc terciuli wyobis akordi. aqedan gamomdinare,
kvartkvintakordi SesaZlebelia simReris bolos warmod-
genili iyos, erTi mxriv, simReris gameorebis mizniT, me-
ore mxriv _ rogorc simReris damaboloebeli akordi
(SeadareT 6: 420).
CaCnur samxmian simRerebSi, qarTulis, kerZod,
svanuri simRerebis analogiurad, melodia viTardeba
Sua xmaSi, romlis mimarT bani da zeda pirveli xma,
saorRano punqtis saxiT, kvintur CarCos qmnis (6: 420-
421). SeniSnulia simRerebsa da sacekvaoebSi ganapira
xmebiT Suaxmis Semofargvla kvintiT, kvartiT an, iSvi-
aTad seqstiT (50: 14).
Crdilokavkasiis xalxTa erTxmian sasimRero ni-
muSebsa da aRmosavlur-qarTul, TuSur simRerebSi
247
SeniSnulia bgeraTa sekventuri moZraoba. melodiis
sekventur agebulebas CaCnur-inguSuri simRerebis da-
maxasiaTebel niSnad miiCneven (6: 420-421; 50: 12-13; 37:
59-61). bgeraTa sekventuri moZraobis Canasaxi aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos ara mxolod mTis, aramed baris
simRerebSi mJRavndeba. melodiaSi bgeraTa sekventuri
moZraobis ganviTarebis procesi (melodiuri mimoqce-
vebis Sinagani gafarToeba frazebamde) mkafiod Cans
TuSur simRerebSi (38: 12-13, winamdebare naSromi: Tavi
II). CaCnur-inguSur da qarTul, TuSur simRerebSi
frazebi ZiriTadad kvartis da kvintis diapazons mo-
icavs, Tumca zogi simRera seqstamde, septimamde da
oqtavamde farTovdeba. melodia iyofa oTx sekventu-
rad moZrav frazad. CaCnur-inguSurs, TuSurisgan gan-
sxvavebiT, axasiaTebs musikaluri frazebis mravalje-
radi gameoreba. miuxedavad imisa, rom CaCnur-inguSur
simRerebSi yalibdeba melodiur-intonaciur da har-
moniul elementTa gamomsaxvelobis specifikuri re-
gionaluri xerxebi, igi gansakuTrebul siaxloves av-
lens TuSur musikalur dialeqtTan (37: 59-60). aqve
davsZenT, rom anTropologiuri monacemebiT, gamoT-
qmulia mosazreba CaRma da wova TuSebis morfologi-
uri msgavsebis Sesaxeb, kavkasionis tipSi gaerTiane-
buli jgufebis fonze, rac miuTiTebs wova TuSebis
qarTvelur warmomavlobaze. morfologiurad wovebis
uaxloes jgufTa wre qarTveluria (16: 212-213).
CaCnur-inguSur xalxur musikaSi xSirad gamoiye-
neba kvartis intervali; simReris dasruleba kvartiT.
septimis intervali ganixileba rogorc ori kvartis
jami (50: 13, 18). analogiuri SemTxveva, rodesac septi-
mis diapazonis mqone melodiaSi xazgasmulia ori
kvarta, qarTul xalxur musikaSi Cans. magaliTad,
xevsurul `xmiT natiralSi~ (Tavi II, gv. 54, #57, 9)
yoveli fraza kilos septimiT iwyeba. frazebis Se-
maerTebeli bgera mudam kilos IV safexuria. igi ki-
los tonikasTan da septimasTan erTad (do, fa, si-be-

248
moli) melodiis sayrden bgerad gaiazreba. amave
dros, septimis diapazonis mqone melodiaSi xazgasmu-
lia ori kvarta; an _ istoriul sagmiro simReraSi
`koba ciskarauli~ (gv. 18, #29, 5) melodiis diapazoni
oqtavas moicavs, magram calkeuli frazebisa Tu wi-
nadadebebis dasawyisSi warmodgenili kilos ritmu-
lad myari septima (do) harmoniul sayrdenTan (re-
sol) erTad (akompanementi fandurze) agreTve melodi-
is sayrdenad aRiqmeba. am SemTxvevaSi mkafiod JRers
ori kvarta. aRsaniSnavia CaCnur-inguSuri natiralis da
akvnis nanebis calkeuli nimuSebis, agreTve saweso sim-
Rerebis (nazmi, Zukari (zikiri), salavaTi) melodiur-
intonaciuri da harmoniuli siaxlove aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTisa da baris simRerebTan (35: 261-274).

XIX

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 qarTuli, CaCnuri da daRestnuri (lekuri, yumu-
xuri), simRerebis naTesaobaze miuTiTebs orxmiani
simRerebis banSi saorRano punqtis gamoyeneba; samxmi-
an simRerebSi kvintebi pirvelsa da mesame xmebs So-
ris; qarTuli (eoliuri) da kvartuli kadansebi; ten-
dencia melodiis daRmavali mimarTulebisaken; ava-
rul simRerebSi tritoni doriuli kilos VI da III
safexurebs Soris, agreTve _ lekur simRerebSi gadi-
debuli sekunda frigiuli kilos III safexuris amaR-
lebis Sedegad, rac damaxasiaTebelia aRmosavleT sa-
qarTvelos mTielTa simRerebisaTvis (6: 421-422; 23: 286;
67: 18; 35: 274-276; 36: 36).
CaCnur-inguSuri da daRestnuri xalxuri musika
emyareba eoliur, frigiul, doriul da miqsolidiur
kiloebs (50: 11; 66: 7; 36: 35-36). daRestnuri musikaluri
masala ar iZleva SesaZleblobas srulad gaSuqdes
misi qarTulTan mimarTebis sakiTxi. miuxedavad amisa,
masSi garkveulwilad mkafiod Cans kavSiri aRmosav-
lur-qarTul samyarosTan.
zemoxsenebuli musikaluri monacemebi, Tavis
mxriv, SesaZlebelia esatyvisebodes samecniero lite-
raturaSi arsebul mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom gvi-
anbrinjao-adrerkinis xanis periodis arqeologiuri
kultura arsebiTad aRmosavleli qarTveli tomebis
kuTvnileba unda yofiliyo. amave dros aRmosavleT
periferiaze qarTvelur tomebTan erTad vainaxur-da-
Restnuri anu herul-albanuri tomebis arsebobac iva-
raudeba, romelTa qarTizaciis procesi adreantikur
xanaSi unda dawyebuliyo (44: 79-82; 45: 72).
qarTuli, afxazuri, adiReuri, osuri, CaCnur-in-
guSuri da nawilobriv daRestnuri musikaluri mona-
cemebi _ musikalur-intonaciur da harmoniul ele-
mentTa (maT Soris, simRerebis damaboloebeli nage-
bobebis _ kadansebis) naTesaoba musikaluri azrovne-
bis ganviTarebis uZveles etapebze, tipologiuri
msgavseba ganviTarebis Semdgom procesSi, saerTo kav-

260
kasiuri musikalur-intonaciuri xasiaTi da, rac mTa-
varia, m r a v a l x m i a n o b a da misi formebi _
metyvelebs kavkasiis teritoriaze odesRac saerTo
musikaluri kulturis arsebobaze, romlis SeqmnaSi
ZirZvel, adgilobriv mosaxleobas unda mieRo mona-
wileoba. musikaluri masalis retrospeqtuli anali-
zi mkafiod warmoaCens qarTvelur tomTa gansakuTre-
bul mniSvnelobas, mis wamyvan rols am kulturis Ca-
moyalibebasa da Semdgom ganviTarebaSi, romelic Zi-
riTadad kavkasiuri musikalur-intonaciuri da har-
moniuli azrovnebis farglebSi mimdinareobda. sagu-
lisxmoa, rom im uZveles xanaSi qarTveluri tomebi
farTo teritoriaze iyvnen ganfenilni da am tomTa
polifoniurma azrovnebam, arsebiTi roli Seasrula
saerTo kavkasiuri, kerZod iberiul-kavkasiuri musi-
kaluri kulturis CamoyalibebaSi. musikaluri mona-
cemebiT `qarTveluris~ saxelwodebiT xsenebul tom-
Ta gavrcelebis are, rogorc Cans, TandaTan izRude-
boda. niSandoblivia, rom musikaluri azrovnebis,
mravalxmianobis formebis ganviTarebis Tanmimdev-
rul, uwyvet suraTs mxolod qarTuli musikaluri
ena iZleva, romelTanac mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
Crdilokavkasiuri musikaluri enebi, rogorc geneti-
kurad, ise kulturul-istoriuli kavSirebiT. sauku-
neebis manZilze, regionalur specifikur niSanTa
zrdasTan erTad mimdinareobda am kulturis daSla.
es procesi iberiul-kavkasiuri musikaluri enebis Ca-
moyalibebiT dasrulda (37: 55-62; 42: 73). iberiul-kav-
kasiur musikalur enaTa ojaxi ufro farTo areals
moicavs, vidre iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ojaxi. masSi
Sedis osuri musikaluri ena. lingvisturi monaceme-
biT osuri ena indoevropuli enebis Crdilo iranul
jgufs miekuTvneba (20: XLVIII, 58: 183-185). musikaluri
monacemebiT osuri musikaluri enis substrati kavka-
siuria, qarTveluria (36: 49; 37: 58).

261
 iberiul-kavkasiur musikalur enaTa Semdgomi
kvleva ufro gaamdidrebs Cvens warmodgenas odesRac
iberiul-kavkasiuri musikaluri kulturis Sesaxeb.

zemoxsenebul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT i. Jordania erT-

erT Tavis naSromSi wers:

:
(
...... (48: 161). avtori Secdomas uSvebs.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, iberiul-kavkasiuri musikaluri
enebis istoriul-geografiuli sazRvrebi ufro farToa,
vidre iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ojaxis. masSi Sedis osuri
musikaluri ena miuxedavad imisa rom, rogorc cnobilia,
osuri ena ganekuTvneba indoevropuli enebis Crdilo ira-
nul jgufs. igive azria gatarebuli Cems mier adre gamoq-
veynebul naSromebSi (35: 213-277; 36: 28-36, 46-49; 37: 57-59 da
sxv.). amgvari daskvnis saSualeba, bunebrivia, momca samec-
niero literaturaSi arsebulma musikalurma monacemebma
osuri xalxuri simRerebis Sesaxeb da Cems mier Catarebu-
li mravalricxovani osuri simReris retrospeqtuli da
istoriul-SedarebiTi analizis Sedegebma. aSkaraa, rom mu-
sikaluri monacemebi, am SemTxvevaSi, ar emTxveva enaTmecni-
eruls. sazogadod, musikaluri monacemebi SeiZleba daem-
Txves momijnave dargTa (enaTmecniereba, istoria, eTnolo-
gia, arqeologia, anTropologia) monacemebs, an _ ara. cno-
bili eTnomusikologi i. zemcovski SeniSnavs: ...-
-
,
(25: 15-16).
i. Jordania xazgasmiT aRniSnavs: ... -

... (48: 161). am SemTxvevaSic avtoris
mier daSvebulia Secdoma, radgan iberiul-kavkasiuri musi-
kaluri enebis arsebobis Sesaxeb zemoxsenebuli Cemi mo-
sazrebidan naTlad Cans, rom kvlevisaTvis amosavali `mxo-

262
lod da mxolod musikaluri monacemebia~, romelic, buneb-
rivia, musikaluri masalis analizis Sedegebs emyareba.
Semdeg i. Jordania wers: ... , -
,
,
(48: 161). rac Seexeba balyarul mraval-
xmianobas, balyaruli sametyvelo ena yaraCaul-balyarulia.
varaudoben, rom balyarTa formireba moxda Zveli Crdilo-
kavkasiuri tomebis mosul iranul da Turqulenovan tomeb-
Tan (alanebi, bulgarebi, xazarebi, yivCaRebi da sxv.) Sere-
vis Sedegad (28: 76-78). i. Jordanias mier SeniSnuli balya-
ruli xalxuri simRerebis mravalxmianobis SesaZlo siax-
love qarTulTan, Tavis mxriv, udavod mxars uWers Cems mi-
er gamoTqmul mosazrebas odesRac qarTul-Crdilokavkasi-
uri anu iberiul-kavkasiuri musikaluri kulturis arsebo-
bis da uZveles xanaSi qarTveluri tomebis farTo
teritoriaze gavrcelebis Sesaxeb.

263
 simRerebis saZiebeli:

I
1. . , . -
, . . , 1957. . 121. 35.
2. . . , . . , . 134, 39.
3. . . , . , -
, . 171, 55.
4. . . , . , .
. 175, 57.
5. . . , . , ,
. 214, 74.
6. ( ), . , . , -
, 6. 225, 79.
7. . . , . , ,
. 152. 46.
8. . . . , 101 ,
, 1929, . 43, 7.
9. . . . , 101 ,
. 41, 1.
10. . . . , 101 , . 42, 3.
11. . . . , 101 ,
. 42, 6.
12. , . . , 101
, . 45, 12.
13. . . , 101 ,
. 46, 16.
14. . . . , 101 ,
. 47, 17.
15. . . . , 101 ,
. 47, 18.
16. . . . , 101 , . 52, 30.
17. . . . , 101 , . 52, 29.
18. (). . . , 101
, . 53, 34.
19. . . . , 101 ,
. 54, 35.

264
20. . . . , 101 , . 54,
36.
21. . . . , 101 ,
. 55, 38.
22. . . . , 101 , . 57,
42.
23. . . . , 101 , . 62,
53.
24. . . . , 101
, . 70, 74.
25. . . . , 101 ,
. 70, 75.
26. . . . , 101 ,
. 71, 80.
27. . . . , 101 ,
. 77, 98.

II
1. kuCxi bedineri. o. CijavaZe, qarTuli (megruli)
xalxuri simRerebi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 21.
2. sufruli. o. CijavaZe, qarTuli (megruli) xalxu-
ri simRerebi, gv. 35.
3. sisatura. o. CijavaZe, qarTuli (megruli) xalxuri
simRerebi, gv. 44.
4. o, burRa. o. CijavaZe, qarTuli (megruli) xalxuri
simRerebi, gv. 83.
5. jvaris winasa. qarTuli xalxuri simRera, I, Tbi-
lisi, 1960. redaqtori da Semdgeneli, gr. CxikvaZe,
gv. 46.

III
1. . . . , 101 ,
, 1929, . 41, 1.
2. sufruli. o. CijavaZe, qarTuli (megruli) xalxu-
ri simRerebi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 35.
3. ferxuli. n. maisuraZe, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
musikaluri kultura, Tbilisi, 1971, danarTi, #1.

265
4. jvaris winasa. n. maisuraZe, aRmosavleT saqarTve-
los musikaluri kultura, danarTi #2.

IV
1. . . . ,
, -, 1941, . 55, 55.
2. . . . , 101 ,
, 1929, . 43, 8.
3. . . . , 101 ,
. 43, 9.
4. . . . , 101 ,
. 43, 7.
5. samaia. S. aslaniSvili, narkvevebi qarTuli xalxu-
ri simRerebis Sesaxeb, II, Tbilisi, 1956, gv. 77, #33.
6. eTeris simRera. S. aslaniSvili, narkvevebi qarTu-
li xalxuri simRerebis Sesaxeb, II, gv. 73, #28.

V
1. . . . , , ,
1930, . 63, 29.
2. iavnana. d. arayiSvili, ix. --
, I, , 1901, . 65, 17.
3. . . . , 101 , ,
1929, . 75, 93.
4. . , -
. , . , , 1957, . 233, 82.
5. . . . ,
, -, 1941, . 57,
60.
6. . . . , 101 , . 69,
72.
7. , . . , -
, . 57, 59.

VI
1. . . . , 101 ,
, 1930, . 63, 29.

266
2. lazare. qarTuli xalxuri simRera, I, redaqtor-
Semdgeneli gr. CxikvaZe, Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 229.
3. mze Sina da mze gareTa. d. arayiSvili, ix.
- , II, , 1908, . 1,
1.
4. dedakacebis ferxuli. qarTuli xalxuri simRera,
I, redaqtor-Semdgeneli gr. CxikvaZe, gv. 184.

VII
1. . . , 101
, , 1929, . 70, 74.
2. . . . , 101 ,
. 70, 75.
3. . . . , 101 ,
. 70, 76.
4. . , . ,
. , , 1957, . 152. 46.
5. . . , 101 ,
. 55, 38.
6. . . , 101
, . 71, 78.
7. . . , 101 ,
. 47, 17.
8. . . , . , , . 134, 39.

VIII
1. . . , 101 ,
, 1929, . 45, 12.
2. . . , 101 ,
. 48, 20.
3. . . , 101 , . 52, 29.
4. . . , 101 ,
. 54, 35.
IX
1. . . . , -
, -, 1941, . 13, 3.

267
2. , . . , -
, . 39, 25 .
3. . . . ,
, . 58, 61.
4. . . . , -
, . 16, 4
5. . . . ,
, . 65. 73.
6. . . . , -
, . 131. 179.

1. (). -
, I, . . ,
. . , 1980, . 80, 27.
2. (). -
, I, . 78, 25.
3. . . . ,
, -, 1941, . 12, 1.
4. . . . ,
, . 32. 18.
5. . . . ,
, . 31. 17.

XI
1-4 _ v. JRenti, qrestomatia qarTul harmoniaSi, Tbi-
lisi, 1979, gv. 112, 123, 127, 133.
5 S. aslaniSvili, qarTl-kaxeTis xalxuri sagundo
simReris harmonia, Tbilisi, 1950, gv. 110.

XII
1. . . . , 101 ,
, 1929, . 77, 98.
2. . . . , 101 , . 52,
29.
3. . . . , 101 ,
. 43, 9.

268
4. ( ). . .
, 101 , . 56, 40.
5. . , . , .
, , 1957, . 142. 42.
6. . . , . , ,
. 210, 73.
7. . . . , 101
, . 54, 35.
8. . . . , 101 ,
. 44, 10.
9. . . , . , ,
. 113. 32.
10. . . . , 101 ,
. 47, 18.
11. (). . . , 101
, . 53, 34.
12. . . . , 101 , . 57,
42.

XIII
1. . . . , 101
, , 1929, . 45, 12.
2. mayruli. qarTuli xalxuri simRera, I, redaqtori
gr. CxikvaZe, Tbilisi, 1962, gv. 363.
3. grZeli mravalJamieri. qarTuli xalxuri simRera,
I, gv. 290.
4. . . . , 101 -
, . 45, 13.
5. . , . , . ,
, 1957, . 134, 39.

XIV
1. . , . -
, . , , 1957, . 161. 50.
2. , . , . , ,
. 290, 105.

269
3. . . , . , ,
. 175, 57.
4. . . . , 101
, , 1929, . 49, 23.
5. . . . , 101 ,
. 50, 26.
6. (). . . , 101
, . 72, 84.
7. . . . , 101 ,
. 50, 25.
8. . . . , 101 ,
. 49, 21.
9. . . . , 101 , . 54,
36.

XV
1. . . -
. . , -, 1941, . 54, 53.
2. . . . , -
, . 15, 38.
3. . . . ,
, . 12, 1.
4. . . . -
, . 32, 18.
5. . . .
, . 31, 17.
6. . . . ,
. 16, 4.
7. . . . -
, . 26, 9.
8. . .
, . 39, 26.
9. . , . -
, . , , 1957. . 161, 50.
10. oCeSxvei. o. CijavaZe, qarTuli (megruli) xalxuri
simRerebi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 30.
11. . . , . , ,
. 290, 105.
270
12. . . . -
, . 27, 10.
13. . . . -
, . 18, 6.
14. , . .
, . 22, 82.
15. . . .
, . 28, 13.
16. . . . -
, . 26, 92.
17. . . . , 101 -
, . 49, 23.
18. . . . , 101 ,
. 49, 21.
19. . . .
, . 39, 26.

XVI
1. (). , .
, . , , 1957, . 183, 60.
2. (). . . ,
, . 271, 98.
3. . . . , ,
. 83, 21.

XVII
1. (), . . , 101 ,
, 1929, . 42, 3.
2. (), . . , 101 ,
. 41, 2.
3. , , . , . ,
, 1957, . 238, 84.

XVIII
1. . . . ,
, , 1964, . 57, 15.
2. (). . . ,
, . 31, 2.
271
3. . . . ,
, . 85, 30.
4. ( ). . . , -
, . 91-92, 34.
5. (). . . , -
, . 32, 3.
6. (), . . , -
, . 37, 5.
7. . . . , -
, . 87, 31.
8. . . . , ,
. 74, 23.
9. . . . , -
, . 84, 29.
10. . . . , -
, . 61, 17.
11. . . . ,
, . 67, 20.
12. . . . , , . 94,
35.
13. () . . , -
, . 29-30, 1.
14. . . . ,
, . 82, 28.
15. . . . , -
, . 87, 31.
16. . . . , ,
. 73, 23.
17. . . . ,
, . 90, 33.
18. . . . ,
, . 91, 34.

XI
1. (-). . , -
, ,
, , 1983, . 320.

272
2. (-). . , -
,
, . 321.
3. (-). . , -
,
, . 321.
4. (-). . , -
,
, . 321.
5. (-). . , -
,
, . 321.
6. (-). . , -
,
, . 321.
7. . . , -
, ,
. 314.
8. . . , -
, ,
. 314.
9. . . , , -
, . 315.
10. (-). . ,
,
, . 315.
11. (-). . ,
,
, . 315.
12. . , II, -
., ., , 1965, . 104.
13. (). -
, II, ., ., . 139.

273
14. (-). . , -
, -
, . 322.
15. (-). . , -
, -
, . 322.
16. (-). . , -
, -
, . 321.
17. (-). . , -
, ,
. 316.
18. () (-). . , -
, -
, . 316.
19. (-). . , -
, ,
. 317.
20. () (-). . , -
, -
, . 317-318.
21. (-). . , -
, ,
. 318.
22. (). . , , -
, . 319.
23. () (-). . , -
, -
, . 319.
24. (-). . , -
, -
, . 319.

274
25. (-). . , -
, -
, . 319.
26. (-). . , -
, -
, . 320.

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 IX. qarTuli xalxuri musika da
misi istoriul-eTnologiuri aspeqtebi

xalxuri simRera sayofacxovrebo tradiciis wi-

aRSi Cndeba da yalibdeba. igi garkveuli Sinaarsis
Semcvelia da yofis calkeuli mxareebis amsaxveli.
simRera moicavs ara mxolod musikalur, aramed _
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mxriv, simReris xniereba Sesabamisi tradiciis asakis
ganmsazRvrelia. amgvari interpretacia xalxur samu-
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mniSvnelobas sZens (80; 81: 3).
eTnikuri Tavisebureba gulisxmobs yofis, suli-
eri da materialuri kulturis specifikur Tavisebu-
rebaTa erTianobas. sulieri kultura eTnikuri er-
Tobis koleqtiuri fsiqologiis praqtikuli gamov-
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ris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mxare, Seicavs ara mxo-
lod esTetikur, aramed _ eTnikur funqcias (138: 80; 58;
59: 15-23; 81: 3-7). eTnikuri kultura, romlis specifika
eTnosis fsiqikuri wyobis erTobaSia saZiebeli, gar-
kveuli enis safuZvelzea warmoqmnili. igive SeiZleba
iTqvas musikaluri enis Sesaxeb. musikaluri ena mWid-
ro kavSirSia sametyvelo enasTan. dadgenilia, rom
musikaluri enis ganviTarebis procesi, sametyvelo
enis msgavsad, xangrZliv periods moicavs. igi aTas-
wleulebis manZilze viTardeba, nela icvleba musika-
luri enis zogierTi struqturuli kanonzomiereba,

281
romelic tipologiurad axlos dgas enis gramati-
kul kanonzomierebebTan (70: 13-15). gasaziarebelia
qarTvel da sazRvargareTis musikismcodneTa mosaz-
rebebi musikaluri intonirebis anu myari bgeruli
simaRleebis sametyvelo intonaciebidan momdinareo-
bis Sesaxeb (161: 6-8). metyveleba da musika dakavSire-
bulia adamianis azrovnebasTan. es ori elementi, bge-
riT (`miT~) gamoixateba. Tavdapirveli intonacia
umartivesi metyvelebis (`sityvis~) elementaruli ga-
movlineba adamianis mier ama Tu im movlenis aRqmi-
sa da Sesabamisi SegrZnebis, gancdis, sulieri mRel-
varebis Sedegia. aqedan gamomdinare, sametyvelo into-
nacia, ufro mogvianebiT, musikaluri intonacia or-
ganulad aris dakavSirebuli sulTan. amitom aris
musika RvTaebrivi movlena, romelmac mniSvnelovani
adgili daimkvidra rogorc qristianobis winare xa-
nis rwmena-warmodgenebSi, ise qristianul RvTismsa-
xurebaSi.
musikaluri ena, sametyvelo enis analogiurad,
eTnosis, rogorc socialuri organizmis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli niSania. aqedan gamomdinare-
obs xalxuri musikis, rogorc istoriuli wyaros
mniSvneloba eTnikuri istoriis, eTnokulturuli da
eTnogenetikuri problemebis kvlevisaTvis (81: 3-7). aq-
ve davsZenT, rom qarTveli eris eTnikuri istoriisaT-
vis qarTuli musikis Seswavlas ivane javaxiSvili did
mniSvnelobas aniWebda: `Cems axalgazrdobaSi ise viyavi
gatacebuli musikis mecnieruli sakiTxebiT, rom Tavda-
pirvelad vfiqrobdi swored am sakiTxebis Seswavlas
Sevdgomodi~ (98: 120). aRsaniSnavia, rom iv. javaxiSvilis
RirsSesaniSnav naSroms `qarTuli musikis istoriis
ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~ (Tb., 1938), romelsac dRemde ar
daukargavs Tavisi Rirebuleba, istorikosTagan pir-
velad akad. roin metreveli Seexo. mogvianebiT misi
Sexedulebebi aisaxa misive monografiaSi `kvali gana-
Tlebuli~ da ivane javaxiSvilisadmi miZRvnil encik-

282
lopediur leqsikonSi (mTavari redaqtori r. metreve-
li) (98; 99: 64-70).
musikaluri enis Camoyalibeba uSualo kavSirSia
geografiul garemosTan, socialur fsiqologiasTan
da esTetikasTan. musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTare-
bis uadres safexurebze metyvelebis bgeraTa akusti-
kurma da fiziologiurma (artikulaciurma) Tavisebu-
rebebma, intonaciurma mxarem arsebiTi roli Seasru-
la musikalur-intonaciuri azrobrivi erTeulis _
fuZe-hangis, fuZe-enis CamoyalibebaSi. niSandoblivia,
rom qarTvelur enebSi sxva enobrivi samyarodan od-
esRac SeTvisebuli sityvebi qarTveluri enebis into-
naciur areSi eqceva da adgilobrivi xasiaTis into-
naciur cvlilebebs ganicdis.
fiqroben, rom magiuri qmedebebi musikaluri in-
tonirebis warmoqmnis safuZveli unda yofiliyo. igi
daxasiaTebulia rogorc gardamavali safexuri sa-
metyvelo da musikalur intonaciaTa Soris. magiur
qmedebebs ukavSirdeba musikalur-esTetikuri arqeti-
pis Camoyalibeba, romlis atributebia ganmeorebado-
ba, erTgvarovneba da reglamenturoba (161: 8-12; 26: 24).
qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis intonaciuri
safuZveli kvartis diapazonis momcveli hangia, `mino-
ruli~ elferiT da bgeraTa daRmavali moZraobiT ki-
los kvartidan ZiriTad sayrden bgeramde anu toni-
kamde, romlis mimarT danarCeni bgerebi garkveul
funqcionalur damokidebulebaSi imyofeba. varianteb-
Si warmodgenilia met-naklebad gansxvavebuli rit-
mul-intonaciuri JReradobiT da gafarToebulia
kvintamde (seqstamde, septimamde, oqtavamde _ mogvia-
nebiT xdeba emociur sawyisze damyarebuli zeda bge-
rebis diferencireba, musikalur-azrobrivi datvir-
Tva; maTi, rogorc musikaluri bgerebis gamokveTa).
adamiani, mis mier gamoyenebuli tonebis diapazonis
gafarToebisas, aRwevs ra kvartas, didxans Cerdeba
masze. es axsnilia ara mxolod sametyvelo intonaci-
ebTan misi diapazonis SesatyvisobiT, aramed umTavre-

283
sad imiT, rom kvarta pirvelia im intervalTagan,
romlebic miRebulia `intonaciuri aris~ TandaTano-
biTi gafarToebis procesSi, obertonuli naTesaobis
mqone intervalTa gamoyenebis safuZvelze. fuZe-hangi,
romelSic Tavs iyris adre arsebuli yvela musika-
lur-smeniTi monapovari, universaluria. amasTanave
igi garkveuli struqturis mqone intonaciur areSi
Tavsdeba da gamoirCeva mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli fonologiuri da morfologiuri wyobiT.
qarTuli musikalur-esTetikuri azrovnebis pir-
veladi formebi, qarTvelur tomTa odesRac saerTo
musikaluri fuZe-ena, fuZe-hangi Camoyalibda qristia-
nobis winare xanis rwmena-warmodgenebis amsaxvel ri-
tualebSi, kerZod, astralur da micvalebulis kul-
tebTan dakavSirebul saferxuloebsa da natirlebSi.
amaze metyvelebs mdidari saarqivo musikalur-eTnog-
rafiuli masala, romelsac qarTuli kulturis is-
toriis SeswavlisaTvis wyaroTmcodneobiTi mniSvne-
loba aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom `xmiT natirlebSi~
sityvier teqstTan erTad arsebiTia kilo-intonaciu-
ri mxare, funqciis gamo igi ver scildeba mReriTi
deklamaciis CarCoebs, ver aRwevs im SesaZleblobebs,
romlebic saferxulo simRerebs gaaCnia. saferxuloe-
bi intonaciuri da harmoniuli ganviTarebis Sedare-
biT farTo SesaZleblobebiT da mdidari gamomsaxve-
lobiTi xerxebiT gamoirCeva. amitom qarTuli xalxu-
ri simRerebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis procesSi safer-
xuloebis mZlavri intonaciuri gavlena SeiniSneba.
qarTvelTa musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
uZvelesi etapebis rekonstruqciisaTvis mniSvnelovan
musikalur masalas vflobT akvnis nanebis saxiT. ma-
salaSi Cans ara mxolod genetikuri kavSiri samglo-
viaro, saferxulo da nawilobriv istoriul-sagmiro
simRerebis im nimuSebTan, romlebic qarTuli xalxu-
ri musikis ganviTarebis uZveles etapebs asaxavs, ara-
med _ akvnis nanebis variantuli ganviTarebis Tavise-
buri gzebi.

284
 fuZe-hangis infiltraciam yofis sxvadasxva sfe-
roSi, gamoiwvia misi semantikuri transformacia:
cvlilebebs ganicdis musikaluri da sityvieri teq-
stebis forma da Sinaarsi, simReris Sesrulebis xasi-
aTi da bolos, yalibdeba Tvisebrivad axali, gansxva-
vebuli sasimRero nimuSebi, romlebic zogadqarTul
musikalur struqturaSi garkveul adgils imkvid-
rebs. es procesi uSualo kavSirSia musikaluri
Janrebis CamoyalibebasTan.
fuZe-hangis, fuZe-enis niSandoblivi xasiaTi mJRav-
ndeba saweso-saferxulo simReraSi `iavnana~. aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos barisa da mTis (xevi, mTiuleTi)
musikaluri masalidan irkveva, rom `iavnana~ erT-er-
Ti uZvelesi da amasTanave musikaluri azrovnebis
ganviTarebis garkveuli etapia, romelsac mniSvnelo-
vani adgili aqvs damkvidrebuli qarTveli xalxis
sulieri kulturis istoriaSi. melodiur-intonaciu-
ri Taviseburebani, romlebic odesRac qarTvelur
tomTa eTnikuri ganviTarebis procesSi yalibdeba da
sabolood musikaluri fuZe-enis saxiT warmoCndeba,
`iavnanas~ melodiaSi ganviTarebis garkveul dones
aRwevs. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia is didi mniS-
vneloba, romelic am simReras eniWeba qarTuli xal-
xuri musikis ganviTarebis momdevno safexurebze. mra-
vali saweso, Sromis Tu sayofacxovrebo simRera
`iavnanas~ intonaciur areSi moeqca. am TvalsazrisiT
yuradRebas imsaxurebs simRerebi warmoqmnili samxmi-
ani `iavnanas~ Sua, ZiriTadi xmis variantuli ganviTa-
rebisa, an misi zeda, pirveli xmis damoukidebeli me-
lodiis saxiT win wamowevis Sedegad (12: 90-162; 79, I:
59-80; winamdebare naSromi, Tavi II). aqve davsZenT, rom
mesxuri simRerebis nawils safuZvlad udevs `iavna-
nas~ intonaciebi, nawils ki _ misi fragmentebi (94:
37-42). es musikaluri monacemebi damajerebelia, Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT qarTuli kulturis am mZlavri ke-
ris mZime istoriul xvedrs, romelic dakavSirebu-
lia am mxareSi xangrZlivi drois manZilze osmalTa

285
batonobasTan. musikaluri teqstebis analizis Sede-
gebi, Tavis mxriv, esatyviseba mosxebis anu mesxebis,
rogorc erT-erTi qarTveluri tomis eTnogenezis Se-
saxeb arsebul mosazrebas (163).
uZvelesi xanis qarTuli musikaluri kulturis
kvlevisaTvis uZvirfases masalas gvawvdis dasavleT sa-
qarTvelo, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa svanuri saweso-
saferxulo simRerebi, romelTagan uadresi samxmiani ni-
muSebis Sua xma fuZe-hangs moicavs (`barbal-dolaSi,
`elia lrde~, `amirani~, `ferxuli~ da sxv.) svanur sim-
RerebTan uSualo kavSirs avlens nawili raWuli simRe-
rebisa (`amirani~, `ferxuli~, `SruSana~, odila da ode-
lia~ da sxva). svanuri simRerebis Semdgomi ganviTareba
aRiniSneba zeda ori xmis da banis safexurTa TandaTa-
nobiTi gafarToebiT (I, VII, VI, V) (77: 657-659; 82: 64-75).
banis safuxurTa gafarToebis procesi da, Sesa-
bamisad, kiloTa monacvleoba saqarTvelos baris mu-
sikalur kulturaSi umaRles dones aRwevs. rogorc
aRmosavlur-qarTul, ise dasavlur-qarTul simRereb-
Si mkafiod Cans harmoniul elementTa uwyveti, kanon-
zomieri ganviTarebis procesi. erTi harmoniuli ele-
mentis win wamoweva sawindaria sxva danarCen elemen-
tTa axali formebis warmoqmnisa (75: 164-172; 82: 65-87).
niSandoblivia, rom aWarul oTxxmian nadur simRe-
rebSi meoTxe xmis _ banis anu dabali banis warmoSo-
ba dakavSirebulia samxmian simRerebSi banis safexur-
Ta TandaTanobiTi gafarToebasTan. banSi IV safexu-
ri, romelic damoukidebeli kilos tonikis funqcias
iZens, mogvianebiT ukve ZiriTadi kilos tonikad
mkvidrdeba da Tavdapirveli kilos tonikis parale-
lurad Tanaarsebobs. swored es aris bani anu daba-
li bani. Tavdapirveli kilos tonika ki, romelic
kvinturi bgeraa, maRali bani anu Semxmobaria. amgva-
rad, aWarul simRerebSi oTxxmianobis warmoqmnis es
gza varaudobs dabali banis gaCenas meoTxe xmis sa-
xiT (76: #2 441-444).

286
 mkvlevarTa mier jerovnad aris Seswavlili da
dadgenili qarTuli mravalxmianobis ganviTarebis sa-
fexurebi faruli orxmianobidan maRalganviTarebul
formebamde. sayuradReboa ukanasknel xans gamoqveyne-
buli naSromi, romelic eZRvneba qarTuli tradiciuli
mravalxmianobis formaTa sistemur kvlevas da kvlevis
Sedegebis tipologiur klasifikacias (35: 3-28).
mravalxmian kulturebSi musikaluri ena moicavs
melodiur-intonaciur da harmoniul elementTa er-
Tobis Sedegad miRebul musikalur-eTnikur Tavisebu-
rebas, romelic am elementTa ganviTarebis procesSi
yalibdeba. mravalxmianoba `qarTuli musikis bunebri-
vi, Sinagani ganviTareba-warmatebis nayofia~ (174: 293-
295, 326-327). igi TiToeuli Homo Polyphonicus-is Tanda-
yolili Tviseba da ganuyofeli atributia. polifo-
niuri simRera niSnavs erTad, musikalur azrovnebas
da koleqtiur improvizirebas. mravalxmianoba iT-
xovs ara mxolod polifoniur `partituras~ aramed
msmenelis mier TiToeuli individis partiis Sinagan
polifoniur aRqmasac. es musikaluri fenomeni `Sina-
gani smeniTi wyobaa~ (60: 37, 39, 47, 48).
polifoniuri azrovneba, qarTvelTa fsiqikis
struqturuli elementia da SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom
musikalur fuZe-enaSi musikaluri azris damaboloe-
beli bgera imTaviTve gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
iZens. igi am hangis sayrdenia, RerZia, romlis mimarT
yalibdeba bgeraTa urTierTmimarTebis garkveuli ka-
nonzomierebani, da romelic dasabams aZlevs mraval-
xmianobis burdonul formas (hangis damaboloebeli
ritmulad myari sayrdeni bgeris gaazreba banis sa-
xiT). amgvarad, xmieri mravalxmianobis realizebas
musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis garkveul etap-
ze eZleva biZgi, kerZod maSin, roca ukve Camoyalibe-
bulia ZiriTadi musikalur-bgeriTi fondi da mra-
valxmianoba gaiazreba rogorc musikalur bgeraTa
Sexamebis garkveuli forma. musikaluri masalis ana-
lizi Tu terminologia qarTuli mravalxmianobis

287
(da aqedan gamomdinare, sazogadod mravalxmianobis)
stadialurobaze miuTiTebs. es sakiTxi gansakuTre-
bul mniSvnelobas iZens eTnikuri istoriis, eTnogene-
zis kvlevisas.
qarTuli mravalxmianobis ganviTarebis erT-erTi
uZvelesi etapia musikaluri fuZe-enis wiaRSi burdo-
nuli mravalxmianobis Semdeg mravalxmianobis kom-
pleqsuri (xmaTa kompleqsur-paraleluri moZraoba)
formis Casaxva, romlis matarebeli qarTveluri, sva-
nuri tomebi iyvnen (81: 17-18). mravalxmianobis am for-
mas `sinqronul xmaTasvlas~ uwodeben, an akordu-
li kompleqsebis sinqronul moZraobaze agebul mra-
valxmianobas ((35: 15-16, 23; 166: 133). aqve davsZenT, rom
arsebobs mosazreba, romlis mixedviT, ara mxolod
svanurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mravalxmianobis kom-
pleqsuri formis, aramed sazogadod, qarTuli mra-
valxmianobis formebis safuZveli burdonis erT-er-
Ti saxeoba _ reCitatiuli burdonia (mravalxmiani
simReris banSi sxva xmebTan sinqronulad saerTo
sityvieri teqstis Sesruleba) (116: 147-148).
reCitatiuli burdonis anu ritmuli banis gaCena
svanurSi, musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis im uZ-
veles etapze, ganpirobebuli unda yofiliyo imTaviT-
ve, samxmianobaSi xmaTa kompleqsur-paraleluri moZ-
raobis CasaxviT, sadac bani mobiluria. ra Tqma unda,
es ar niSnavs imas, rom reCitatiuli bundoni imTa-
viTve met-naklebad ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli saerTod,
qarTuli xalxuri simRerebisaTvis, razec miuTiTebs
qarTuli mravalxmianobis amsaxveli mdidari musika-
luri masala.
mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri formis Camoyali-
beba qronologiurad musikaluri fuZe-enis arsebobis
xanas ukavSirdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, qarTuli mra-
valxmianobis xnierebaze metyvelebs (77: 657-659).
mravalxmianobis kompleqsurma formam arsebiTi
roli Seasrula musikaluri fuZe-enis diferenciaci-
aSi. svaneTi warmoadgenda im regions, saidanac kom-

288
pleqsuri mravalxmianoba gavrcelda dasavleT saqar-
Tvelos teritoriaze, rasac Sedegad moyva musikalu-
ri kulturis dasavlur-qarTuli wris Camoyalibeba.
amgvarad, safuZveli Caeyara qarTuli musikaluri
kulturis or did wres: aRmosavlur-qarTuls da da-
savlur-qarTuls. qarTveli xalxis musikaluri az-
rovnebis ganviTarebis am didmniSvnelovan etaps ukav-
Sirdeba aRmosavlur-qarTuli da dasavlur-qarTuli,
agreTve, gardamavali musikaluri dialeqtebis anu
kiloebis arseboba.
qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebis Camoyalibeba
esatyviseba qarTveluri eTnikuri jgufis diferenci-
acias, calkeuli kuTxeebis Camoyalibebas. Tavdapir-
velad isini msxvil erTeulebs Seadgenda, romlebic
TandaTan iSleboda da SedarebiT mcire erTeulebad
yalibdeboda. musikaluri dialeqtebis segmentaciis
procesi xangrZliv istoriul periods moicavda. ama-
ve dros ama Tu im dialeqtis Camoyalibeba garkveul
qronologiur CarCoebSi mimdinareobda. zogi maTga-
nis gancalkaveba Soreul xanaSia savaraudo, zogis _
ramdenadme ufro gvian, ramac ganapiroba calkeul
musikalur dialeqtTa Soris melodiur-intonaciur
da harmoniul elementTa urTierTmimarTebis konkre-
tuli formebis met-naklebi siaxlove. amgvarad, spe-
cifikur niSanTa zrdasTan erTad sul ufro Rrmav-
deboda musikalur dialeqtTa divergenciis procesi.
musikaluri dialeqtis anu `kilos~, rogorc
kuTxobrivi specifikis gamomxatveli terminis xalxu-
ri interpretacia, garda mravalxmianobis formebis,
melodiur-intonaciuri da harmoniuli Taviseburebe-
bisa, gulisxmobs Sesrulebis kuTxur xasiaTs, ker-
Zod, im intonaciur Taviseburebas (niuansebs), rome-
lic sametyvelo enis kuTxur intonaciur Tavisebure-
basTan uSualo kavSirSi yalibdeba.
musikaluri kilo ama Tu im lokalur geografi-
ul garemoSi, kuTxur TaviseburebaTa kompleqsSi Se-
mavali erT-erTi elementTagania. `kilos~ xalxuri

289
ganmartebidan gamomdinare bunebrivia saqarTvelos yo-
veli kuTxis gamoyofa musikaluri kilos saxiT. amgva-
ri klasifikacia mkafiod avlens im did wvlils, rome-
lic TiToeul kuTxes miuZRvis erovnuli kulturis
saganZuris _ zogadqarTuli musikaluri enis ganvi-
TarebaSi. aqve davsZenT, rom qarTul musikalur ki-
loTa rigs ganekuTvneba imerxevuli, ingilouri da
fereidnuli kiloebi. qarTuli xalxuri musikis eso-
den didi mravalferovneba, Tavis mxriv, musikaluri
kiloebis simravlem ganapiroba.
xalxuri simReris melodiur-intonaciuri da
harmoniuli ganviTarebis done saqarTvelos mTasa da
barSi erTgvarovani ar iyo. mTa CamorCeboda bars,
Tumca xalxuri musikis Sinagani, regionaluri ganvi-
Tarebis procesi mTaSi mudmivad mimdinareobda. mTi-
elTa sasimRero Semoqmedeba ganixileba rogorc
kulturuli kompleqsis nawili, romelic mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli mTis mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomi-
kuri da sulieri kulturis istoriasTan. amasTanave
mTielTa xmieri da sakravieri musika organulad uk-
avSirdeba baris maRalganviTarebul musikalur kul-
turas. masSi reliefurad vlindeba simReris socia-
lur-religiuri aspeqti, amasTanave odesRac qarTve-
lur tomTa musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZ-
velesi Sreebi, romlebsac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs
qarTuli xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis uadresi eta-
pebis rekonstruqciisaTvis (81: 27-28). saqarTvelos
mTisa da baris socialur-kulturuli urTierTobis
TvalsazrisiT aranakleb sayuradReboa mTiswineTi,
rogorc gardamavali zoli, sadac SidaeTnikuri pro-
cesebis gaxsnisaTvis musikaluri monacemebi gansa-
kuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens (114).
aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos bari ma-
RalganviTarebuli mravalxmiani simRerebis samyaroa,
sadac sami da oTxxmiani (aWara, guria) nimuSebi rTu-
li polifoniuri komleqsebiT gamoirCeva. mdidari
polifoniuri bunebiT xasiaTdeba aRmosavlurqarTu-

290
li _ qarTluri da kaxuri `Cakrulo~, `Conguro~,
`sufruli~ `zamTari~, `grZeli mravalJamieri~, `grZe-
li kaxuri~ da sxv.; dasavlurqarTuli _ `alifaSa~,
`xelxvavi~, `hasanbegura~, `naduri~, `indi-mindi~, `may-
ruli~ da sxva. gamomsaxvelobis Taviseburi indivi-
dualuri xerxebiT, xmaTa farTo diapazoniT da ur-
TierTSerwymiT, uaRresad ganviTarebuli, mravalfe-
rovani baniT, modulaciebis uamravi variantebiT, ka-
dansTa nairsaxeobiT, maT Soris _ ormagi kadansebiT,
kodiT iqmneba is saocari da ganumeorebeli simfonia,
romelsac qarTuli xalxuri simRera ewodeba da, ro-
melic msoflio kulturis Sedevrad aris aRiarebu-
li (10; 150: 21-31; 162: 77-78; 71: 100-104, 124-128). qarTuli
polifonia qarTvelTa mentalitetis da qarTvelo-
basTan identobis gamomxatvelia.
qarTuli xalxuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
bel ZirZvel kiloTa Soris Tavdapirveli kiloebia
frigiuli da eoliuri. doriul, miqsolidiur da io-
niur kiloTa win wamoweva da damkvidreba garkveulwi-
lad dakavSirebulia banSi damxmare safexurTa gafar-
ToebasTan. es is kiloebia, romlebsac ZiriTadad emya-
reba qarTuli xalxuri musika. hipofrigiuli kilo
ver farTovdeba damoukidebeli kilos donemde, Tumca
qarTul xalxur musikaSi epizodurad, misi arseboba
ucilobeli faqtia.
saerTo qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis Camo-
yalibebaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula sayofac-
xovrebo tradiciam, kerZod, qristianobis winare xa-
nidan momdinare natirlebma da saferxuloebma. xev-
suruli eTnografiuli masala sayuradRebo cnobebs
gvawvdis glovis ritualSi datirebis (`xmiT~, `Zaxi-
liT~, `daTvliT~) mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. didia `xmiT
natirlebis~ musikaluri teqstebis roli datirebis
saxeobaTa formirebaSi. `xmiT motirali~ saiqios miR-
weuli sulis mier arCeuli meene iyo, romelsac sam-
zeoSi misi survilebi unda ganecxadebina. vidre
tirils `aitexda~ xmiT motirali daiwyebda caxcax-

291
kankals, Tavis qnevas, barbacs, xelebis fSvnetas, wva-
lobda da gasaqcevad eSureboda. mas qalebi daiWer-
dnen da etyodnen: `qalo, gamoiRe ena, nu awvaleb, nu
uWer kbilT, anabriv Sen undixar micvalebuls Tavis
meenedao~. es epizodi ramdenjerme gameordeboda.
Semdeg, micvalebuls saxels dasdebdnen (luds, ar-
ays, pursatans Seswiravdnen). saxelis mdebi qali it-
yoda: `sadac Sen (micvalebulis saxeli) xar, Senimc
samari as, nu aRoneb, gamaatani enai Sens meenes~. mo-
tirali micvalebulis eniT daiwyebda laparaks: aZ-
raxdi Cemo meeneo, nu damaRone suleTSia, Camidev wi-
li tirilCiao~. xmiT motirali `gaisaravda~ enas da
daiwyebda `xmiT~ tirils. motirali poeturi niWiT
dajildoebuli qali iyo, romelsac Seswevda unari
mgrZnobiare sityvebiT daetira micvalebuli. igi
leqsiT aRwerda micvalebulis warsul cxovrebas da
namoqmedars. mis yovel winadadebas damswre motira-
li qalebis daqviTineba moyveboda. xmiT motirali
xSirad mesulTane iyo. motiralSi sulTa Casaxlebis
da maTi survilebis gacxadebis aqti mis mesulTaneo-
baze metyvelebda. suleTobis dros xmiT motirali
micvalebulis eniT laparakobda, winaswar eubneboda
`zedamrCos~ ra ziani moeloda ojaxs da sofels.
rodesac `mtyobie~ adamianis gardacvalebas meore
sofels gaagebinebda, axlo naTesavi qalebi gardac-
vlilis sofelSi xmamaRla tiriliT _ `ZaxiliT~ Se-
diodnen. adgilobrivi axlobeli naTesavebi da me-
zoblebi agreTve `ZaxiliT~ Sediodnen micvalebul-
Tan, xolo gareSe mokeTe qalebi ki Cumad tirodnen.
micvalebulis dedis, colis da sazogadod, mamaka-
cebis sajarod tirili sircxvilad iyo miCneuli.
mamakacebi `dauTvlidnen~ maSin, roca satirlad mivi-
dodnen `Tavze~ (micvalebulis dasaflavebaze) da
`talavarTazed~...
TuSeTSi datireba gasvenebis ceremonialis mniS-
vnelovani nawili iyo. satiralSi mosuli qalebi Wi-
risufalTan samZimris saTqmelad ar mividodnen. isi-

292
ni sofelSi SemosvlisTanave iwyebdnen tirils da
tiriliTve uerTdebodnen cxedris garSemo Semoja-
rul qalebs. amiT gamoxatavdnen TanagrZnobas. mamaka-
cebi mamakacebTan midgebodnen. salmis Tqma ar SeiZ-
leboda. `daSverT biWeboo~ etyodnen damxvdurT.
`giSvelaT RmerTm~ _ upasuxebdnen isini... xmiT moti-
rali TuSi qali sxva motiralTa Soris ijda da
moTqvamda. tirilisas fexze ar adgeboda, cxedarTan
axlos ar mividoda, micvalebulis sasaxles Tu
iaraRs xels ar mohkidebda... TuSi diacebis moTqma
imdenad STambeWdavi iyo, rom igi didxans rCeboda iq
myofTa mexsierebaSi da SemdgomSi Taobidan Taobas
gadaecemoda. `tirilebis~ teqstebi Tavisi bunebiT si-
laburad da ritmulad sakmaod maRal doneze mowes-
rigebuli uriTmo leqsebia. saleqso striqoni Tor-
metmarcvliania (18: 6, 39, 40, 139: XII-XIII; 151:102-110; 113:
175; 47: 38).
sityvieri teqstis melodiur-ritmuli mxare biZgs
aZlevs natiralisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli melodiuri
qargis Camoyalibebas, romelic micvalebulis kul-
tTan dakavSirebul saweso moqmedebaTa kompleqsSi
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementis saxiT mkvidrdeba.
Sesrulebis individualuri Tavisebureba da aqedan
gamomdinare variantTa mravalferovneba xmiT nati-
rals garkveul esTetikur Rirebulebas sZens. amave
dros natiralis musikaluri teqsti, saTanado fun-
qciis gamo, ver scildeba improvizirebuli reCitati-
vis CarCoebs da, amgvarad, maRalganviTarebul qar-
Tul musikalur kulturaSi igi reliqtis saxiT ar-
sebobs.
sayuradReboa TibvaSi mamakacebis mier celis
tarze `xmiT natiralis~ Sesrulebis wesi, rasac
`gvrini~ ewodeba. Tibvasa da mkaSi micvalebulTa da-
tirebis analogiuri tradicia (`qorqali~, `RuRuni~)
mTis raWam Semoinaxa (126: 8-12; 104: 11-15). eTnografiu-
li masala gvamcnobs, rom nawili micvalebulis dRe-
saswaulebisa emTxveva sagazafxulo cikls, nawili _

293
mkisa da Tibvis periods. am dResaswaulebze Tayvan-
cemuli sulebi RvTaebaTa rangSi ganixilebian. suli
adamianTa da RvTisSvilebs Soris Suamavalia. radgan
suli wmindaa da ganTavisuflebulia xorcielisagan,
mas SeuZlia uSualo kontaqtis damyareba RvTaebas-
Tan. materialuri safuZveli (miwis produqtebi, lu-
di, Rvino, yvavilebi da sxv.), dakavSirebuli miwis
samyarosTan, mis kosmogoniur simbolikasTan da aR-
dgenadobasTan, periodulad momakvdavi da aRdgena-
dia da misi meoxebiT micvalebulis kultmsaxurebis
warmarTva am ukanasknels periodulad kvdoma-aRor-
Zinebis ciklSi aerTianebda. micvalebulis kultis
es aspeqti warmoadgenda bazas, romelzec aRmocenda
mTeli pleada bunebis aRorZinebis Zalis ganmasaxie-
rebeli RvTaebebisa. es RvTaebebi mcenareuli samya-
ros analogiurad, periodulad ixocebodnen, e. i.
garkveuli periodis manZilze cxovrobdnen suleTSi,
sadac uSualo kontaqts amyarebdnen micvalebulTa
sulebTan. am RvTaebaTa kultis Camoyalibebis Sem-
deg, sulebi inarCunebdnen Suamavlis rols cocxal-
Ta da nayofierebis RvTaebaTa Soris (121: 78-79). `xmiT
natiralis~ celis tarze damRerebis mizani iyo sul-
Ta keTilganwyobilebis mopoveba Tivis siuxvisa da
nawvel-nadRvebis baraqianobisaTvis (112: 427-428). meo-
re mxriv, `xmiT natiralis~ `gvrinSi~ Sesruleba ar
gamoricxavda mis samgloviaro xasiaTs, rac miuTi-
Tebs imaze, rom `gvrini~ mTels axlo aRmosavleTsa
da evropaSi gavrcelebuli mkisa da Tibvis ritualu-
ri glovis analogiuri movlena iyo. am dros dasti-
rodnen udrood daRupul mindvris Wabuk RvTaebas,
romelic, bunebrivia, aRdgenad da momakvdav RvTaeba-
Ta pleadas ganekuTvneboda. micvalebulis dResaswau-
lebi sezonTa mixedviT iyo ganawilebuli wliur ka-
lendarSi. sagazafxulo dResaswaulebSi, maT Soris
lifanali da sulTakrefa, bunebis aRorZinebis ide-
asTan iyo dakavSirebuli, xolo zafxulis sezonis
dResaswaulebi, sulTmofenoba da Tibvis samSabaTi,

294
emTxveoda mkasa da Tibvas. `gvrini~ swored Tibvisas
da mkisas sruldeboda da, amdenad, damaxasiaTebelia
micvalebulTa kultmsaxurebis sagazafxulo ritua-
lebisaTvis. radgan `gvrini~ xmiT natirlebis teq-
stze imRereboda, igi micvalebulis samsaxuris erTi
elementi unda yofiliyo (121: 83; 123: 14).
`gvrinSi~ Sesrulebuli `xmiT natiralis~ musi-
kaluri teqsti sawindari gaxda mTibluri simRerebis
Camoyalibebisa. igi garkveuli periodidan dacilda
sakuTriv `xmiT natirlebs~ da gardamaval formad
iqca am ukanasknelTa da mTiblur simRerebs Soris.
dadgenilia `xmiT natiralTa~ da `mTiblurTa~ mona-
Tesaoba rogorc leqsTwyobis, ise musikalur-intona-
ciuri TvalsazrisiT (112: 428; 113: 180; 12: 34-35). `xmiT
natiralis~ infiltraciam miwaTmoqmedebis sferoSi
ganapiroba, ufro mogvianebiT, misi semantikuri tran-
sformacia, TandaTan Seicvala musikaluri teqstis
forma da Sinaarsi, Sesrulebis xasiaTi da, amgvarad,
`xmiT natiralis~, bazaze Camoyalibda SromiT saqmia-
nobasTan dakavSirebuli mTibluri simRera (81: 45-46).
aRsaniSnavia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barSi gavrce-
lebuli `orovelebisa~ da `urmulebis~ struqtu-
rul-stilistur TaviseburebaTa siaxlove `mTiblu-
rebTan~ da, sazogadod, mTielTa simRerebTan (12: 34-
35; 91: 31-32).
sayuradReboa mTis raWaSi Tibvasa da mkasTan
dakavSirebuli naduri simRera `mTibluri Sairi~,
romelic uSualo melodiur-intonaciur kavSirSia
`zrunis SairTan~ (datirebas raWaSi zruns uwodeben,
Tibvis dros damRerebul uriTmo leqss _ `Sairs~).
`gvrini~, `qorqali~ da `RuRuni~ religiur-miTologi-
ur warmodgenaTa evoluciis adreul safexurs ukav-
Sirdeba, rodesac individis mier calkeuli micvale-
bulia datirebuli (qalis an mamakacis mier). `mTib-
lur SairSi~ jgufuri datirebaa nayofierebis RvTae-
bisa, mTeli sazogadoebis mier (106: 248-249; 126: 8-12;
56: 52-54).

295
 zemoT saubari iyo micvalebulis sulis Suama-
val rolze adamianebsa da nayofierebis RvTaebaTa
Soris. micvalebulisa da astraluri kultebis mWid-
ro kavSirze metyvelebs TuSuri `dalaoba~, romelic
micvalebulis wlisTavze sruldeboda. micvalebu-
lis gasvenebis Semdeg, meore dRes, ojaxSi daageb-
dnen `flass~. xaliCaze daalagebdnen gardacvlilis
erT xel tansacmels, Coxaze, welTan daadebdnen qa-
mar-xanjals, maTraxs, Tavis mxares dadebdnen quds,
gverdze daulagebdnen missave tansacmels. ase toveb-
dnen meore zafxulamde, vidre wlis xarjs _ `al-
uds~ ar gadauxdidnen... wlis xarjebi, anu `aludebi~
saxalxo religiuri dResaswaulebis _ `aTnigenobe-
bis~ win imarTeboda. es iyo ojaxis mier micvalebu-
lis pativsacemad gamarTuli yvelaze didi da uka-
naskneli sufra... `aluds~ sadginiT e. i. doRiT mxo-
lod mamakacebs uxdidnen, umeteswilad `ukeTesis
droisebs~ _ axalgazrdebs. `aludis~ gareSe micvale-
bulis datoveba ar SeiZleboda. aseTi mkvdari `dau-
marxavad~ iTvleboda. `TuSuri `aludis~ originalu-
ri nawili `sadgini~ anu cxenTrbeva~ da `dalaoba~
iyo. ezoSi gamoitandnen micvalebulis `flass~, rom-
lis garSemo motirali qalebi sxdebian... dagebuli
flasis win dadgeba xuTi cxenosani. maT Soris la-
mazi unagiriT Sekazmul `sulis cxenze~, romelsac
axali xurjinica aqvs gadakidebuli, zis `modalave~.
sxva cxenebi ubeloebi arian, an mxolod Culebi aqvT
mosarTaviT Semokruli, Zuagamonaskvulebi sarbolad
gamzadebulni arian. maT Soris erTi dedisZmis cxeni
unda iyos. xuTive mxedars xelSi aludiani Tasebi
uWiravs. motiralTagan erTi moxuci qali adgeba, qe-
ris grovidan erT muWa qers cxenebs fexebSi Seayris,
qojoTi baknidan dovs mkerdze miaSxefebs. modalave
micvalebulis suls moixseniebs, Tasidan cota al-
uds cxens fafarSi daasxams da daiwyebs dalaobas.
amasve gaimeoreben sxvanic. dalaobis sityvebs mxo-
lod modalave ambobs, sxvebi moZaxilSi eubnebian

296
bans. yoveli naxevari striqonis Semdeg damavali to-
niT amboben moZaxils: `hindoooooo, dalaeeeeee...~
`dalais~ Sesrulebis Semdeg, mxedrebi samjer Semo-
uvlian micvalebulis tansacmels. gamoTqmulia mo-
sazreba, `dalais~ kavSiris Sesaxeb RvTaeba dalis-
Tan, ciskris varskvlavTan. es kavSiri ciskris anu
dilis mzis RvTaebasTan, miuTiTebs micvalebulis
kultis mWidro kavSirze astralur kultTan, rac
agreTve micvalebulis tansacmlis irgvliv cxen-
mxedarTa garSemovlaSi, wriul moZraobaSi Cans. amasve
adasturebs `dalas~ musikaluri teqstebis melodiur-
intonaciuri monaTesaoba saferxulo simRerebTan.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom dalis, rogorc
ciskris varskvlavis kulti Semonaxulia qarTul
xalxur misamRerebSi: `o delia, o, delia, o delia
nanuni~, `o delia, o delia, o delia ranuni~, `vara-
do deli, o deli, odela, ea varado~, `dili da la-
le, dili da dili da dialeo~; `erio dila, nana di-
la, hearu dila, nana dila~, sadac deli, dela, de-
lia, dili, dila RvTaebis saxelis sxvadasxva forma
unda iyos. am RvTaebis saxels imeorebs sagalobeli
`dala~. `dalas~ yoveli frazis Semdeg mocemuli
refreni `dala~ qalRvTaebis saxelad aris miCneuli.
niSandoblivia, rom dagebul flasze dayril qerTan
erTad jamiT rZes dgamdnen, rogorc mdedruli bune-
bis arsebaTa atributs. adreul epoqaSi winaparTa
kultis kavSiri solarul RvTaebaTa kultTan SeniS-
nulia dakrZalvis xeTur ritualSi. musikosebs da
motiral qalebs am ritualSi mniSvnelovani adgili
hqondaT daTmobili.
dalis kulti gavrcelebulia Crdilokavkasiis
xalxebSi. saqarTveloSi, wova-TuSebSi dal, CaCnebSi
dl sazogadod RmerTs niSnavs. wova-TuSebi, CaCnebi
da inguSebi dl, dl da msgavsi dialeqturi forme-
biT aRniSnaven xats, jvars _ RvTaebas, wmindans, sa-
kulto obieqts. qarTul-kavkasiur RvTaebas, Sumerul
da ZvelaRmosavlur RvTaeba dilbadis, dilbatis Se-

297
satyvisad miiCneven (151: 116-117; 47: 41-44, 47-48; 30: 41-44,
48; 22: 89; 105: 76-79).
Crdilokavkasiis xalxebSi arsebuli glovis ri-
tuali mravalmxriv ukavSirdeba glovis qarTul we-
sebs. TuSuri `dalas~ musikaluri teqsti dalaobis
ritualis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia. `dalas~
meore, damaboloebeli nawili, refreni banis I-VII sa-
fexurebzea agebuli. es aris melodizirebuli Sebane-
ba, sadac banis VII safexuria xazgasmuli (105: 76-79).
natirlebma arsebiTi roli Seasrula istori-
ul-sagmiro simRerebis formirebaSi, razec miuTi-
Tebs zog SemTxvevaSi, am ukanasknelTa melodiur-in-
tonaciuri kavSiri natirlebTan. simptomaturia sam-
gloviaro poeziis genetikuri kavSiri sagmiro poezi-
asTan. aRsaniSnavia aseve istoriul-sagmiro simRere-
bis mniSvneloba sufrulebis CamoyalibebaSi (82: 41,
43). sufras imTaviTve religiuri safuZveli da sawe-
so xasiaTi hqonda. RvTaeba, salocavi, Tayvaniscemis
obieqti is centri iyo, romlis garSemo erTiandebo-
da Temi, sociumi da erToblivi Tayvaniscemis kulmi-
naciis dros anu msxverplSewirvis dros, dakluli
cxovelis xorcs eziareboda. es iyo umniSvnelovane-
si da ganuyofeli nawili sociumis umtkicesi duRa-
bisa, romelsac saerTo kulti hqvia (51: 485). simRera
sufris wesebis erT-erTi aucilebeli komponenti iyo.
igi, upirveles yovlisa, iyo sadidebeli, xSir Sem-
TxvevaSi, gaRvTaebrivebuli gmirisa, romlis saxeli
Taobidan Taobas zepiri gziT gadaecemoda. aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos mTaSi, saxato dReobebSi, sufras-
Tan `wminda~ ludis Sesmas sagangebo wesebi axlda,
romelTa saxelebis umetesoba fandurze dakvras da
simReras ukavSirdeboda. am wesebs Soris iyo `fexze
mRera~ an `Tasze SemRereba~ da `TiToobiT mRera~,
romlebic `saxelis Camdeni kacis TasebSi mogonebis~
dros sruldeboda. sityvieri teqstis Sinaarsi `saer-
To saqmisaTvis~ daRupuli gmiris Tu winaparTa sag-
miro ambebiT iyo datvirTuli.

298
 dReobaze jvarionni soflis jaris warmomadgen-
lebs jer darbazSi miipatiJebdnen, mere ludze miiw-
vevdnen, amis Semdeg gamodgamdnen sawdes. xucesi koSs
ludiT aavsebda, moigonebda saerTo saqmisaTvis brZo-
laSi daRupul gmirs da luds sawdeSi gadaasxamda.
sawdeSi imden koS luds Caasxamda, ramden gmirsac
moigonebda. meludeni imaxsovrebdnen xucesis mier
warmoTqmul sityvebs da CamoTvlil gmirTa rigs.
rodesac isini axali sawdeTi brundebodnen `soflis
jaris~ RreobaSi, erT-erTi maTgani am ludiT aavseb-
da Tass. `zedamdegni~, Tavis mxriv, jvaridan adre mo-
tanili ludiT Seavsebdnen `jaris~ Tasebs da kvlav
grZeldeboda dasaxelebul gmirTa dalocva saTana-
do wesebis dacviT. ludis smis dros `SemRerneba~
icodnen, rasac `Tasze SemRerneba~ an `fexze mRera~
ewodeboda. meTase ludiT savse koSs `soflis ja-
ris~ warmomadgenels gadascemda da `SeumRernebda~
istoriul-sagmiro simReras. roca igi leqsis pirvel
taeps mReroda, bans meore meTase eubneboda, da ro-
desac es ukanaskneli pirvelis sityvebs imeorebda,
bans pirveli meTase aayolebda. amgvarive wesiT xde-
boda `SemRerneba~ meTasesa da `jaris~ warmomadge-
nels Soris, romelsac ludiT savse Tasi unda dae-
cala. `TiToobiT mRera~ Semdegi wesiT sruldeboda:
`saxelis Camdeni kacis~ TasebSi mogonebis dros, ro-
desac `soflis jari warsul dReTa da saqmeT gaix-
senebda~, erT-erTi ufrosTagani wamodgeboda, fan-
durs aiRebda, sufris boloSi cal muxls moiyrida,
fandurze daukravda da romelime gvaris gmir wina-
parze daamRerebda... Sua simReraSi sufridan sxva me-
Tase adgeboda, muxlmoyrils simReras CamoarTmevda
da misken gaemarTeboda. is, Tavis mxriv, simReras Sew-
yvetda, magram fandurs kvlav aJRerebda da masTan
miaxloebuli meTasis xmas ayolebda. meTase mas
`wminda~ sasmels Seasmevda. roca muxlmoyrili fan-
duris dakvriT Tass daclida, meTase ukan dabrunde-
boda. maSin mefandure wamodgeboda, Tavis Tass lu-

299
diT aavsebda, meTases miarTmevda da etyoda: `jvar
dagiweras RmerTm~... amgvarad, istoriul-sagmiro sim-
Rerebi imTaviTve sufris wesebis organuli nawili
iyo (24: 70-71; 71: 33-36).
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi ferxulebi uka-
nasknel dromde saxato dReobebisa da sxva religiu-
ri wes-Cveulebebis aucilebel komponents Seadgenda.
mTam Semogvinaxa ferxulTa sxvadasxva saxeobani: wri-
uli, wriuli ori da samsarTuliani, naxevarwriuli,
mwkrivis saxis _ grZeli erTriga an orriga, erTimeo-
ris ukan Tu erTmaneTis pirdapir (24: 55).
qvemoT warmovadgenT CvenTvis saintereso monak-
veTebs saarqivo eTnografiuli masalidan: xevsureTSi,
Satilis TemSi, anatoris jvarSi, dReoba aTengenobas,
garkveuli wesebis (sarigo saklavis dakvla xucesis
mier, zRvnebis dalocva, xucoba, Tofis srola niSan-
Si, dasturTa mier tablis dadgma) Sesrulebis Semdeg
sruldeboda ferxisuli. meferxuleni xelixelCakide-
bulni Sekravdnen wres. wre iyofoda or momReral
gundad. erT mxares `simRerisTavi~ iyo, mopirdapire
mxares _ `meore gundisTavi~. simRerisTavis mier ga-
moTqmul sityvebs meore gundisTavi imeorebda. TiToe-
uli maTganis membanebeli Tavisive gundi iyo. wreSi
dgeboda axalgazrda, an jvarionis warmomadgeneli
ludiani suriT xelSi da momRerlebs morigeobiT as-
mevda luds. ludis Sesmis dros simRerisTavs mis
gverdiT myofi Secvlida, Semdeg kvlav simRerisTavi
gaagrZelebda mReras. dasasruls simRerisTavi imRe-
rebda: `...Tu ginda kidev vimReraT, Tu ginda gavaTa-
vaTo~. ferxulis dasrulebis Semdeg meore gundis-
Tavi simReriTve upasuxebda: `arale gavaTavaTo~ da
ferxuli daiSleboda. analogiuri wesiT sruldeboda
ferxulebi fSavSi, magaliTad: maTuris TemSi, dReoba
`aTengenobas~ sayaWis svetis angelozis xatSi, saTana-
do wesebis Sesrulebis Semdeg, medroSe, droSiT xel-
Si salocavis (xatis) win gaCerdeboda. mlocavni dro-
Sis irgvliv daabamdnen ferxisas da garSemovliT, or

300
momReral gundad dayofilni Seasrulebdnen saferxu-
lo simReras. medroSesTan erTad wreSi mdgomi melu-
de ferxulis monawileebs luds asmevda. ferxuliT
gars uvlidnen agreTve salocavs: dReoba `mariamo-
bas~, maRawlis mTaze, gogolaurT gvaris wminda gior-
gis xatSi (patara kvrivi) misvlisas mlocvelni daa-
bamdnen ferxisas da kvrivs simReriT samjer Semouv-
lidnen irgvliv. sainteresoa dReobebSi TuSuri or-
sarTuliani wriuli ferxulis `qorbeRelas~ Sesru-
lebis wesi: `aTnigenobebis~ dawyebis dRes xelosani
droSas `gamoabrZanebda~, xatis niSze gadmohkidebda
da `daaJRrialebda~. amiT sofels dReobis dawyebas
amcnobda. sanam droSas Seexeboda, igi ramdenime dRis
ganmavlobaSi `wmidaobda~, sxvisas ar Sevidoda da
arc sxvas SeuSvebda Tavis saxlSi, rom SemTxveviT
mis WerqveS `mrioSi~ _ uwminduri aravin moxvedrili-
yo. wina dRes dadgenil adgilas civi wyliT gani-
baneboda, im Rames xatSi gaaTenebda da mxolod amis
Semdeg hqonda droSis Sexebis ufleba. sanam droSa
gareT iyo da salocavidan salocavSi mogzaurobda,
xelosani mas ar scildeboda da dRedaRam hyaraulob-
da. aucilebeli wesebis (droSis gamobrZaneba, safuar-
Si mTavari kodis dalocva, xelosnis mier saklavis
dakvla, `ymis jvarSi gayvana~, dasaloci sufris da-
geba da xelosnis mier sadideblis Tqma) Sesrulebis
Semdeg daiwyeboda puroba. Tu sofelSi `axalsuli~ _
wlis xarjgauxdeli micvalebuli iqneboda, ori moxu-
ci kaci TasebiT xelSi jaris winaSe wadgeboda, am
micvalebulis Sesandobars ityodnen. Wirisuflis wi-
naSe bodiSs moixdidnen da dasZendnen, marTalia, sag-
lovi saqme gvWirs, magram aTnigenobis wes-rigic Ta-
visas moiTxovs, ulxinod yofna ar ivargebso da ax-
algazrdobas lxinis uflebas miscemdnen. qalebi gar-
mons daukravdnen, ymawvilkacebi icekvebdnen da qa-
lebsac acekvebdnen rig-rigobiT. mze rom Casasvle-
lad daqandeboda, kacebi aiSlebodnen gamoerCeoda
ramdenime janmagari jeili qorbeRelas gasakeTeblad.

301
xuTi kaci dadgeboda wred erTurTs mxargadaxveulni.
amaT mxrebze dadgeboda oTxi kaci, agreTve mxari-
mxars gabmulni, SuaSi fanduriT xelSi dadgeboda ki-
dev erTi kaci _ `mecixovne~. qorbeRela waRma neli
trialiT da jvarulis simReriT daiZvroda sajaridan
xatis karisaken. jvaruls SuaSi mdgomi `mecixovne~
ambobda da masve imeorebda qorbeRelaSi monawile yve-
la mamakaci erT xmaSi. ase mividodnen xatis karze, iq
samjer Semotrialdebodnen waRma da daiSlebodnen...
orsarTuliani iyo, agreTve, moxeuri `abarbare~,
romelSic cameti kaci monawileobda. mecamete _ me-
kode wris centrSi dgeboda da qveda wres ludiT um-
aspinZldeboda. orive wreSi ferxulis monawileebs
erTimeoris mxrebze xelebi hqonda gadaxveuli ise,
rom maT Soris manZili gaSlili mklavis naxevars Se-
adgenda. qveda wris moZraobaSi gansakuTrebuli mniS-
vneloba eniWeboda ritmis dacvas, ramdenadac masze
iyo damokidebuli ferxulis warmarTva... ferxuls
Tan axlda Semdegi teqsti: `abarbare-barbare! _ nu
gadmoyriT mal-male. _ Tu gadayra ar gindaT, ludi
goson mal-male~. simReris pirvel nawils zeda wre
imRerebda, meore nawils _ qveda wre. garkveuli dro-
is Semdeg qveda wreSi myofni maRla mdgomT mxrebs
gamoaclidnen da dabla Camoyridnen (110; 111; 151: 135-
140; 64: 261; 71: 54-56).
eTnografiul masalaSi yuradRebas iqcevs mefer-
xuleTa garSemovla salocavis (jvari, xati) Tu dro-
Sis irgvliv. droSis garegnuli formidan da `jvar-
TenaSi~ misi saxelwodebidan _ `alvis tani~ (alvis
xe) _ gamomdinare dadgenilia, rom droSaSi gansaxie-
rebulia sakulto xe, SemdegSi RvTaebis amqveyniuri
samkvidro. ferxulis aucilebeli Sesruleba droSis
irgvliv (Tu droSis gadaadgilebisas, `gadabrZanebi-
sas~) genetikurad dakavSirebulia xatis karze wminda
xis irgvliv saweso ferxulis dabmasTan. analogiuri
axsna aqvs ferxulis Sesrulebas agreTve salocavis
irgvliv. jvari da xati enobrivi monacemebiT Zelsa da

302
xes aRniSnavda. es Cveulebrivi xe ki ar iyo, aramed sa-
Tayvanebeli obieqti, wminda xe, dakavSirebuli kosmiur
da astralur msoflmxedvelobasTan (25: 10; 81: 29-31).
saferxulo simRerebis sityvier teqstebs Soris
erT-erTi maTgani, romlis Sinaarsi warmarTuli
rwmena-warmodgenebis anareklia, TiTqmis mTel saqar-
TveloSia gavrcelebuli. xalxurma yofam igi Semog-
vinaxa rogorc saweso-saferxulo, ise saweso simRe-
ris saxiT. qvemoT warmovadgenT ramdenime variants:
`wminda giorgis karzeda // xe alvad amosulia, // ze-
da dahsxmia yurZeni, // saWmelad Semosulia, // imis
naxvevi qal-vaJi // Savada Semosilia~ (xevsuruli).
`Cveni batonis karzeda xe alvad amosulao, // wverad
mousxam yurZeni, saWmelad gamosulao, // magis uWmeli
qal-vaJi // udrood daSaulao~ (fSauri); `... giorgi-d
galavanzeda usartylod iareboda. // imisi gadmona-
valzed xe-d alvad amosuliyo. // imas moesxa yurZeni,
saWmelad moweuliyo. // imisi-d Semcode qal-vaJi ud-
rood daSauliyo... (TuSuri). xevsureTSi am simReras
asrulebdnen jvaris msaxurni dReobaSi, wminda lu-
dis Sesmis dros, `fexze SemRernebisas~. fSavSi asru-
lebdnen rogorc ferxulSi ise saweso samReris sa-
xiT; TuSeTSi _ `qorbeRelaSi~; gudamayarSi, erTi
mxriv, `xationis simRerad~ iwodeboda: dReobaSi pir-
velad dekanozi `gaitexda xmas~ da `SemRernebda~. mis
sityvebs xatis msaxurTa Soris ufrosi gaimeorebda,
bans yvela erTad `dasZaxebda~; meore mxriv, ferxul-
Si sruldeboda: wriuli ferxuli or momReral jgu-
fad gaiyofoda, romelTagan TiToeuls Tavisi dam-
wyebi hyavda. mTiuleTSi saweso simReris saxiT Se-
morCa, mas dReobaSi dekanozi asrulebda. xevSi `smu-
ris xmaze~, raWaSi ki saxlis saZirkvlis amoyvanisas
mRerodnen. qarTlsa da kaxeTSi damowmebulia xal-
xuri leqsis saxiT (81: 31-32). leqsis Sinaarsi Seicavs
maRlari vazis irgvliv qaliSvilebisa da vaJebis mi-
er ferxulis dabmas da misi cudad Sesrulebis Sem-
TxvevaSi sabediswero Sedegs. teqstis amgvari gageba

303
paralels poulobs TuSuri orsarTuliani `qorbeRe-
las~ Sesrulebis wesTan, romlis mixedviT TuSi Ta-
vis momavals ikvlevda. qorbeRelas daqceva da simRe-
ris aRreva mousavlianobas, avadmyofobas, saqonlis
dacemas moaswavebda, an piriqiT, misi kargi Sesrule-
ba yovelmxriv sikeTisa da bednierebis maniSnebeli
iyo. am saweso saferxulo simReris gavrcelebis far-
To arealis gamo varaudoben, rom igi yvela qarTve-
luri tomisaTvis saerTo unda yofiliyo (19: 8-9; 22:
128; 24: 55, 56-57). am varauds esatyviseba qorbeRelas
musikaluri teqstebis analizis Sedegebi, romlis mi-
xedviT saferxulos uZvelesi melodiur-intonaciuri
Sre qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis intonaciur
areSi Sedis. cxadia, zemoaRniSnuli monacemebi sa-
ferxulo simReris uZvelesi droidan momdinareobaze
metyvelebs. igive SeiZleba iTqvas moxeuri ferxule-
bis `abarbares~, `gergetulasa~ da `saferxulos~ mu-
sikaluri teqstebis Sesaxeb.
sicocxlisa da cxovrebis xeebs Zveli xalxebis
kosmosuri da miTologiur-religiuri warmodgenebis
sistemaSi ganixilavdnen rogorc samyaros centrs,
Sesabamisad miTosuri warmodgenebisa. aseTi centri,
sakraluri ideali gaaCnda yovel saxls, yovel da-
saxlebas da dasaxlebaTa yovel gaerTianebas. am
obieqtTa dafuZneba xdeboda Sesabamisi socialuri
struqturis aRmocenebasTan erTad, rogorc misi
sivrcobrivi ganfenisa da damagrebis winapiroba, rome-
lic sociumis struqturas sivrceSi uqmnida centrs.
warmodgenebSi centrisa da kerZod centraluri xis
Sesaxeb, SeiWra samyaros struqturaSic, sadac xe da
misi adekvaturi Rirebulebebi (koSki, sveti, mTa,
jaWvi da a. S.) iWeren gardamaval, mesame wevris ad-
gils dapirispirebaSi `ca-dedamiwa, riTac mTavrdeba
kosmosis samdoniani vertikaluri RerZis ageba~. ase-
Ti xe unda iyos aRwerili TuSuri qorbeRelas teq-
stSi. teqstis variantebis mixedviT yurZnis uWmeli
qal-vaJi udrood ixoceba, e. i. cocxali rCeba da

304
izrdeba mxolod is bavSvi, visac am xis yurZeni Sex-
vdeba. qorbeRelas teqstSi naxsenebi xe sicocxles
yurZnis saSualebiT aniWebs, radgan xe sicocxlisa
da cxovrebis maradiuli simboloa. aseTive simbo-
lod miiCneven aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa sa-
kulto droSebs da svanuri droSas `lems~ (123: 57-60).
materialuri kulturis Zeglebidan sayuradRe-
boa vercxlis Tasi TrialeTidan, romelic Zv. w. II
aTaswleulis Sua xaniT TariRdeba. gamosaxuleba
Tasze exeba miTosur-religiur da kosmogoniur Te-
mas, romelic Seicavs warmodgenas sicocxlisa da
cxovrebis xis Sesaxeb (123: 196). es Zegli sainteresoa
im mxrivac, rom zogierTma mkvlevarma (l. gvaramaZe,
d. janeliZe) Tasze warmodgenil kompoziciaSi safer-
xulo qmedeba amoikiTxa. d. janeliZis azriT, Tasze
warmodgenilia wriseburi moZraoba samsxverplosa da
wris SigniTa personaJis irgvliv. saferxulo wyoba
wriseburi, xelmoubmeli, erTimeoris ukan miwyobiT
moZravia. mogvianebiT d. janeliZe kvlav Seexo Tria-
leTis Tass, amjerad ufro farTod, da ZiriTadad
imave mosazrebaze darCa: `TrialeTis vercxlis sas-
misze asaxulia qarTveli tomebisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-
li `ukvdavebis wylisa~ da `sicocxlis xesTan~ da-
kavSirebuli ritualur-miTologiuri saxioba, rasac
mela-daTvis niRbosanTa ganviTarebuli wyobis fer-
xuli asrulebs~. l. gvaramaZe kompoziciaSi xedavs
RvTaebis sadidebel religiur-sacekvao rituals,
ferxulis saxiT (177: 38; 178: 87; 44: 16).
Tasze asaxuli siuJetis Sesaxeb gamoTqmulia sa-
yuradRebo mosazrebebi (p. uSakovi, b. kuftini, g. go-
bejiSvili, a. afaqiZe, v. bardaveliZe, g. meliqiSvili,
m. Ciqovani, S. amiranaSvili, o. jafariZe, e. gogaZe,
i. kikviZe, n. uruSaZe, m. beriaSvili da z. sxitrlaZe).
es ukanasknelni (m. beriaSvili, z. sxirtlaZe) Tasze
warmodgenil rituals xeTur-xuritul samyaros uk-
avSireben (ix. 81: 33). arcerTi mosazreba ar gamoric-
xavs zemoxsenebul varauds imis Sesaxeb, rom fexze

305
mdgomi figurebi SesaZlebelia saferxulo qmedebas
asaxavdes. am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa, erT-erTi
maTgani: aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa gadmonaS-
Turi masalis retrospeqtiuli Seswavlis safuZvel-
ze mTielTa sarwmunoebaSi dadgenilia astraluri
panTeonis ori safexuri, romelTagan pirveliT _
pirvelyofili Temuri wyobilebis rRvevis xana _ ax-
snilia kompozicia vercxlis sasmisze. satomo Tu sa-
Temo dResaswaulebSi meTemeebs RvTisSvilTa saxel-
ze `RvTis karze~ Sesawiravebi mihqondaT, romelTagan
mTavari wminda ludi iyo. RvTisSvilni, morige Rmer-
Tis karze, wminda ludiT `sadidebelTais~ wess asru-
lebdnen. rogorc saRvTismsaxuro teqstebidan irkve-
va, morige RmerTi Tavis mxriv adidebda RvTisSvi-
lebs, hmatebda maT Zalas, uflebebs. `sadidebelTais~
wesi im `sadidebelTais~ wesis adeqvaturi iyo, rome-
lic `Jamiswirvis~ da `RamisTevis~ wesebSi Sedioda.
am wesebs saTemo dReobebSi xatis msaxurni xucesisa
da Tav-xevisberis meTaurobiT asrulebdnen. es uka-
nasknelni RvTisSvilTa rCeulni da maTgan dayene-
bulni iyvnen. diliT da saRamos, salocavis centra-
lur sadgomSi samsxverploze dgamdnen vercxlis Ta-
sebs, romlebsac Cxutidan (farTo yelis mqone Wur-
Weli) ludiT avsebdnen. xatis msaxurni samsxverplos
irgvliv ufros-umcrosobiT dgebodnen. pirvelad xu-
cesi an Tav-xevisberi warmoTqvamda saRvTismsaxuro
teqsts _ xucobas, romelsac `sadidebelTais~ miayo-
lebda. teqsti Seicavda mokle formulebs, warmoT-
qmuls TiToeuli RvTaebis mimarT. xatis msaxurni,
ludiT savse TasebiT xelSi, erTad warmoTqvamdnen
im RvTaebis qebas, romelic naxsenebi iyo formulaSi.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom ritualuri kompozicia
Tasze, `sadideblTais~ wesis zemoT aRweril epizods
gamoxatavs. centraluri figuris mimarT mdgomi erT-
gvarovani anTropomorfuli figurebi `RvTis karze~
RvTisSvilTa Sekrebas asaxavs (24: 101-103, 248-249). ze-
moTxsenebuli mosazrebis gaziarebis Semdeg, SesaZ-

306
leblad migvaCnia vifiqroT, rom `RvTis karze~
RvTisSvilTa dgomis wesSi, Tasis Semqmnelisgan ueW-
velad gaazrebulia agreTve wriuli saferxulo wyo-
ba, miT umetes, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiel-
Ta socialur-religiuri yofis amsaxvel gadmonaS-
Tur masalaSi saRvTismsaxuro wesebs mudam Tan ax-
lavs saweso saferxulo sagalobeli, romelic, ro-
gorc aRiniSna, jvar-xatis msaxurTa xvedri iyo da
RvTaebis mimarT sruldeboda. niSandoblivia, rom
eTnografiuli masalis mixedviT, romelic saferxu-
lo sagaloblis Sesrulebis wesebs exeba, sagalob-
lis warmoTqma jvar-xatebis msaxurTa xvedri iyo.
TrialeTis vercxlis sasmisze asaxuli ritua-
luri kompozicia, romelic pirvelyofili Temuri
wyobilebis rRvevis xanas ukavSirdeba, qarTvel tom-
Ta eTnikur kuTvnilebaTaa aRiarebuli (24: 252).
qarTuli xmieri musikis xnierebaze, Tavis mxriv,
qarTuli xalxuri sakravebi miuTiTebs. sasimRero
hangebi unda asaxuliyo iseT uZveles sakravze rogo-
ric ueno salamuria. samTavros (mcxeTa) erT-erT sa-
marxSi aRmoCenili es sakravi daTariRebulia Zv. w.
XV-XIV saukuneebiT. salamuri, romelic imTaviTve
daukavSirda mesaqonleobas, ara mxolod musikaluri
sakravi iyo, aramed _ mwyemsTa Soris erT-erTi sa-
komunikacio saSualeba (149: 221-222; 6: 50, 51; 4: 162-172).
m. erqvaniZis cnobiT am samTvliani salamuris bge-
raTrigi kvartis diapazons moicavs.
astralur kultebSi wriuli cekvebis azri da
daniSnuleba reliefurad mJRavndeba svanur religi-
ur dResaswaulebSi. magaliTad, svaneTSi, uZRebis
kvira dRes, romelsac meisarbi miSladeR (meisarbis
kvira) ewodeba, sofel murymelis mosaxleoba agras
saxelwodebiT cnobil adgilze ikribeboda da iq
Tovlis `koSks~ agebda. koSks SuaSi Caatandnen kets,
romlis wverze xis jvari iyo Camagrebuli. koSkis
win mlocvelni muxls moiyridnen da barbales eved-
rebodnen mosavlis siuxves da yovel saqmeSi gamar-

307
jvebas. locvis Semdeg `koSks~ irgvliv Semouvlidnen
da Seasrulebdnen or savaldebulo ferxuls `ri-
hos~ da `uSgula maxe RaJares~, romlebsac mamaka-
cebi asrulebdnen. murymelis dResaswaulze sxvadas-
xva soflidan Tu Temidan stumrad mosulT soflis
mosaxleoba ojaxebSi iwvevda. vaxSmis Semdeg Rames
erT-erT ojaxSi aTevdnen (lihri). Ramis Tevaze kvlav
`riho~ da `uSgula maxe RaJare~ sruldeboda, Sem-
deg _ sxva sacekvavoebi... `rihos~ asrulebdnen ag-
reTve lamarias dResaswaulze, romelic wminda mari-
amisadmi iyo miZRvnili. dReobis wina Rames, lamarias
xatSi Ramis saTevad mosuli moxucebi, gaTenebisas,
xats garSemouvlidnen da `rihos~ Seasrulebdnen.
meferxuleTa wris cetrSi figurirebs koSki,
realurad arsebuli an Tovlisgan specialurad aSe-
nebuli. TviT meferxuleTa wrec, rodesac erTmane-
Tis mxrebze Semdgari adamianebi ferxuls cekvaven,
ganixileba rogorc sarTulebiani nageboba, erTgvari
koSki Tu cixe. svaneTSi dResaswauls `koSkobas~
(muryvamobas) uwodebdnen. TuSeTSi, centrSi mdgar
musikoss `mecixovnes~ eZaxdnen. xis, droSis, saloca-
vis da sxva simboloTa msgavsad, koSki, cixe centri-
sa da masze gamavali RerZis erT-erT simbolos war-
moadgens. xalxuri leqsis mixedviT, samyaros Sua-
gulSi aRmarTuli koSki erTgvari gnomonis, RerZis
rols asrulebs, romlis garSemoc wuTisofeli bru-
navs. xis, koSkis, deda-boZis, rqebis, jaWvis (Zewkvis),
Subis vertikaluroba, e. i. `ze~ da `qve~ samyaroTa
Soris gadamyvani da centrze gamavali sakomunikacio
saSualebaa (5: 31-35).
uSgulSi, dReoba `liqraSis~* pirvel dRes,
melqoraSis (`liqraSis~ morige medReobe) ojaxSi,
vidre lskaris wevrebi sufras miujdebodnen, barba-
les saxelze loculobdnen da SesTxovdnen mas ls-

*
liqraSi salskaro dReoba iyo. lskari erTi an ramde-
nime gvaris ojaxebis sadReobo gaerTianebas ewodeboda.

308
karis mSvidobas da keTildReobas. sadilze pirve-
lad e. w. laxamiels ityodnen _ aryiT savse kasre-
biT barbales, uSgulis lamarias da melqoraSis
ojaxs adidebdnen. Semdeg `barbal-dolaSis~ siReras
Seasrulebdnen. `barbal-dolaSs~ liqraSis ganmav-
lobaSi yoveldRiurad mRerodnen... aqve davsZenT, rom
mTis mosaxleobaSi barbare (svanebi, leCxumelebi,
TuS-fSav-xevsurebi, moxeveebi da mTiulebi) miwaTmoq-
medebis RvTaebad miaCndaT. balsqvemour svanebs da
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielebs gansakuTrebiT
mdedrobiTi sqesis arsebaTa nayofierebis da gamrav-
lebis RmerTad warmoedginaT. baris mosaxleobas _
qarTlelebis, imerlebis, gurulebis, raWvelebis
rwmenaSi barbare umTavresad Sinaur frinvelTa ga-
mamravlebeli RvTaeba iyo (20: 28-29, 42-43). garSemov-
liTi, wriuli ferxulebi simbolurad mzis qalRvTa-
eba barbares ganasaxierebda da nayofierebasTan da-
kavSirebul erT-erT rituals warmoadgenda. `bar-
bal-dolaSi~, rogorc Cans, Tavdapirvelad saferxu-
lo simRera iyo. niSandoblivia, rom igi mzis qal-
RvTaebisadmia miZRvnili.
wriul qmedebaTa, garSemovliTi ritualis seman-
tikis sruli gaxsnisaTvis sayuradReboa qarTul
xalxur dResaswaulTagan yvelieris TamaSobani, rom-
lebic miwaTmoqmedTa sazogadoebaSia aRmocenebuli
da dakavSirebulia arqaul samiwaTmoqmedo kosmogo-
niasTan da religiasTan. qvemoT warmovadgenT Cven-
Tvis saintereso monakveTebs: yvelieris xuTSabaTs
qvemo svaneTSi imarTeboda muryvamoba, romelic rva
ZiriTadi wesisagan Sedgeboda (kvirias simRera, mur-
yvamoba (koSkoba), Widaoba, adrekila, melia-tulefia,
moril-miaqela, xewe, giorgis jvari), yvelieris Sa-
baT-kviras ki, berikaoba-gonjaoba an daTvobia imar-
Teboda. kvirias sagalobels orpiri gundi asruleb-
da. or jgufad gayofili medResaswauleni cdilob-
dnen koSkis, muryvamis waqcevas. romel mxaresac koS-
ki waiqceoda, im mxares kargi mosavali iyo mosalod-

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neli uTovlo weliwads Tovlis koSks naZvis xiT
cvlidnen. Semdeg erTmaneTs daeWidebodnen TiToeuli
jgufidan SerCeuli falavnebi, romlebsac am dRi-
saTvis sagangebod amzadebdnen. WidaobaSi gamarjveba
agreTve kargi mosavlis sawindari iyo. Widaobis Sem-
deg sruldeboda seqsualuri niSniT aRbeWdili ri-
tuali `adrekila~. am wess ori, erTmaneTis win
mdgomi gundi asrulebda. TiToeul gunds hyavda mo-
Tave, romelsac xelSi joxi an xis xmali eWira. gun-
debi simReriT uqaddnen erTmaneTs damtvreva-dazia-
nebas. simRerebSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli bilw-
sityvaoba. simReris Semdeg or gunds Soris imarTe-
boda brZolis imitacia. isini cdilobdnen erTmaneTi-
saTvis raime waerTmiaT. analogiuri xasiaTis iyo
momdevno wesi, melia-tulefia... mas mosdevda ori an
samsarTuliani ferxuli moril-miaqelas, anu miqael
mJave wylisas saxelobaze, sadac meferxuleni erTma-
neTs isev da isev damtvreviT emuqrebodnen. kvlav it-
yodnen esxrologiur, seqsualur simReras... bolos
ki, xewes simReris Sesrulebisas axsenebdnen monadi-
re kaxabers, romelic xar-jixvebs xocavs. dResaswau-
li grZeldeboda yvelieris SabaTs. sofel Jaxun-
derSi irCevdnen berols, berikas, gonjas, romelsac
Semuravdnen Caacmevdnen Txis tyavs, Tavsa da tanze
moaxvevdnen ZonZebs da pureulis namjas. welze xis
faloss Camohkidebdnen da xisave xmals miscemdnen
xelT. beroli mTels laSxeTs Semoivlida... mas mic-
vivdebodnen qalebi da cdilobdnen moeglijaT Cac-
mulobis nawilebi, romelTac nayofierebis da xvav-
rielobis gansakuTrebuli Zala miewerebodaT. kar-
dakar siarulisas berol-gonja mReroda simReras,
romlis teqstis mixedviT igi `Tvalebs aRvrialebs~,
moiTxovs yvels da sxva sanovages. vinc amaze uars et-
yvis, mis yanebs gvalviT daemuqreba... (122: 108; 81: 36-37).
yvelierSi, zemo svaneTis sofel JabeSSi imarTeboda
dReoba aRba-laRrali, aRebis TamaSobani, romlis
mTavari ceremoniali yvelieris aRebis kviras srul-

310
deboda. Tovlisgan Sendeboda ori koSki... amaTgan er-
Ti didi iyo da misi mSenebloba yvelieris kviras
mTavrdeboda. tyidan mohqondaT uzarmazari keti,
romlis boloebs TiTbris bunikebiT da feradi naW-
rebiT morTavdnen. am kets droSas uwodebdnen. yveli-
eris paraskevs `kvirias~ imRerebdnen, SabaTs igive
rituals gaimeorebdnen. Semdeg ki, xalxi Tovlis
koSks miadgeboda. TiToeuli cdilobda Tavisken wa-
moeZlia koSki. imarTeboda Tovlis miyra, gundaoba,
Widaoba. es rituali soflebs Soris Sejibrebis sa-
xiT ewyoboda da gamarjvebuls karg mosavals uwi-
naswarmetyvelebda. Semdeg amoirCevdnen `saqmisas~,
`yaens~, saqmisas Tormet moaxles da yaenis or `de-
dofals~. kvirias koSkebTan saqmisas da yaens mor-
Tavdnen... saqmisas msgavsad `morTavdnen~ agreTve
koSkSi Camagrebul did boZs. saqmisa xaWapurs da
yvels ReWavda, irgvliv afurTxebda, Tan siuxvesa da
baraqas SesTxovda RmerTs... dResaswaulis dasas-
ruls cdilobdnen boZidan `qudis~ Camogdebas. gamar-
jvebuls uxvi mosavali moeloda. Semdeg koSkis Tav-
ze aRmarTul boZs saferxulo simReriT irgvliv Se-
mouvlidnen da bolos, koSks waaqcevdnen.
sayuradReboa dResaswaulis sivrceSi ganfenis
principi. ritualis monawileebis qmedebaTa interesi
ar scildeba Sesrulebis procesSi aTvisebul siv-
rces. es organizebuli sivrce upirispirdeba danar-
Cens, araorganizebul samyaros, aRuniSvnels. es gare-
moeba rituals ukavSirebs garkveuli regionis saz-
Rvrebs, romlis SigniT iseTi eTnikuri da socialu-
ri organizacia unda iyos ganlagebuli, romelic ra-
Rac niSanTa jgufiT unda gamoyofdes Tavs sxva da-
narCenisagan. niSanTa Soris igulisxmeba dResaswau-
lic, romelic aRebuli regionis religiur-kosomo-
goniur warmodgenebs Seesabameba. wresa da wriul
ritualur religiur qmedebebSi _ dResaswaulis mo-
nawileTa mier soflis Tu soflebis garSemovla, uw-
yveti kompoziciebi Tixaze da xeze, orpiruli simRe-

311
rebi, wriuli ferxulebi da a. S. _ saZiebelia ufro
vrceli koncefcia, romelic ara mxolod astralur
warmodgenebs asaxavs, aramed warmogvidgens drois
aRricxvis wriul, ciklur wess, bunebis kvdoma-aRor-
Zinebis Sesabamisad. es idea vlindeba brinjaos bal-
Tebis dekorSi, sadac xSiria wris anu SemovliT
principze agebuli kompoziciebi. aRniSnul kompozi-
ciebSi mocemulia yvela sknelis simbolika da isini
kompoziciurad wris ciklis saxiT aris warmodgeni-
li, rac iZleva maTi semantikuri arealis astraluri
warmodgenebiT Semofargvlis saSualebas (109; 122: 111-
116; 2003: 110-111; 81: 34-37).
svanur eTnografiul masalaSi sayuradReboa kvi-
riasadmi miZRvnili simReris Sesrulebis wesi, mas
or jgufad gayofili medResaswauleni asruleben.
`kvirias~ musikaluri teqstebis arqiteqtonikis siZve-
le da zemoxsenebuli Sesrulebis wesi misi, rogorc
saferxulo simReris, warmarTuli xanidan momdinare-
obaze miuTiTebs. niSandoblivia termin `kvirias~ eti-
mologiuri msgavseba kerasTan, kverTan (nacarSi ga-
momcxvari puri), kvarTan, rac xazs usvams `kvirias~
genetikur kavSirs cecxlTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom keris
kultis arsebobas varaudoben eneoliTis xanaSi. misi
sakulto xasiaTi gansakuTrebiT mtkvar-araqsis kul-
turaSi iCens Tavs. fiqroben, rom nayofierebis RvTae-
baTa sameuli _ morige RmerTi, mzeqali da kviria,
kavkasiis tomebis religiur warmodgenebSi III aTas-
wleulis dasawyisidan ukve Camoyalibebuli unda yo-
filiyo (66: 176-177; 172: 104).
amgvarad, `barbal-dolaSi~, `riho~, `uSgula ma-
xe RaJare~, agreTve `elia lrde~, `amirani~, `kvi-
ria~ da sxv. warmarTuli xanidan momdinare rwmena-
warmodgenebis orbitaSia moqceuli.
sagangebo aRniSvnis Rirsia saweso saferxulo
simRera `iavnana~ anu `batonebis nana~ (`batonebis na-
nina~, `sabodiSo~). igi saxadis kultTan dakavSirebu-
li ritualis erT-erTi komponenti iyo, sruldeboda

312
avadmyofis irgvliv Semovlisas (`TavSemovleba~).
`iavnanas~ asrulebdnen rogorc calkeuli pirebi _
batonebis `qurumi~ (batonebis `mamida~), avadmyofis
deda _ ise erTad, avadmyofis ojaxis wevrebi, naTesa-
vebi, mezoblebi da saxadianTan mosuli batonebis
Tayvanismcemlebi. sacekvaoebidan sruldeboda wriu-
li da mwkrivis saxis ferxulebi. TamaSoba ZunZuliT,
xtomiT, CabuqvniT. mocekvaveni da ritualis monawile
sxva pirebi batonebiani ojaxisaTvis Sesaferisi wi-
Teli, TeTri an sxva mxiaruli feris tanisamosiT iy-
vnen mosilni. zogierTni ZonZebSi gamowyobilni an
sruliad SiSvelni cekvavdnen. yovelgvari cekva ba-
tonebianis `TavSemovliT~ sruldeboda. `TavSemov-
la~, wrexazis Semovleba mzis qaRlvTaeba barbares-
Tan misi asociaciis Sedegi iyo. saxadis movlenebis
dakavSireba sagaloblis sityvier teqstebSi naxseneb
mcenareulTan (ia, vardi) axsnilia gamonayris msgav-
sebiT masTan, agreTve im garemoebiT, rom saxadi (wi-
Teli, yvavila), xalxSi daculi cnobebis mixedviT,
gazafxulze Cndeboda. aqedan gamomdinare, igi gazaf-
xulis yvavilebTan iyo identificirebuli. saxadis
movlenebis kavSirs mcenareulTan, Tavis mxriv, unda
warmoeSva rwmena imis Sesaxeb, rom saxads aCens is
RvTaeba, romelic mcenareulis aRorZinebas ganagebs
da amas igi anxorcielebs sulebis saxiT warmodge-
nili batonebis anu anelozebis saSualebiT. gamoT-
qmulia mosazreba, rom zemoxsenebul infeqciur daa-
vadebebTan (yvavila, wiTela) dakavSirebuli rwmena-
warmodgenebi SemuSavebuli unda yofiliyo astralu-
ri kultebis arsebobis xanaSi, poliTeizmis im safe-
xurze, rodesac qarTveli xalxis religiis istoria-
Si mcenareulisa da mzis Tayvaniscemis safuZvelze
aRmocenebuli didi dedis, RvTaebrivi dedis _ nanas
kulti uaRresad ganviTarebuli iyo. (20: 129-130; 21: 14,
15, 45-49; 22: 129-130).
sayuradReboa RvTaeba barbares Sesaxeb v. barda-
veliZis Semdegi mosazreba: `barbale//qal-babar-i qar-

313
TvelebSi mowmdeba ara mxolod astraluri religiis
ganviTarebis xanidan, aramed am xanis gacilebiT uf-
ro uwinaresi droidan. es faqtebi da, meores mxriv,
qarTvelebis mzis am RvTaebis barbale//qal-babar-is
uSualo Sexvedra Sumeruli mzis RvTaeba babbar-Tan
gvaZlevs uflebas davsvaT sakiTxi _ egebis, SamaS-is
msgavsad, Sumeruli babbar dasawyisSi Tavisi arsebiT
qal-RmerTi iyo da am uZvelesi safexuris RvTaebis
kulti qarTvel tomebs aqvT Semonaxuli~. nanas kul-
ti mkvlevarma adreklasobrivi sazogadoebis ganviTa-
rebis xanas daukavSira, kerZod _ rodesac miwaTmoq-
medebis kultura maRal safexurze idga (20: 120; 100:
213). musikaluri monacemebis mixedviT `iavnanas~ arse-
boba swored am xanas unda ukavSirdebodes. uZvelesi
intonaciuri kavSirebi Cans agreTve `iavnanasa da in-
feqciur daavadebasTan (yvavilTan) dakavSirebul af-
xazur simReras ` ~ Soris (170: 36-37). uZvele-
si saweso saferxulo simRerebis _ `lazare~, `deda-
kacebis ferxuli~, `mze Sina da mze gareTa~ da sxva
_ melodia `iavnanas~ intonaciur areSi Sedis, misi
martivi variantebia da genetikurad saerTo-qarTve-
lur musikalur fuZe-enas ukavSirdeba. am simRerebis
Sesrulebis wesSi gamosWvivis warmarTuli xanidan
momdinare rwmena-warmodgenebis kvali. magaliTad,
gvalvis da delgmis, aseve qarisa da setyvis sawina-
aRmdegod xalxuri wesebidan arqaul fenas Seadgens
magiuri moqmedebebi, romelTa mizania sasurveli
amindis provocireba. es moqmedebebi gansakuTrebuli
simartiviT gamoirCeva. isini Cveulebriv, analogis
princips emyareba da amitom Semsrulebeli xelovnu-
rad qmnis suraTs, romlis msgavsi situaciis SeqmniT
realurad aris dainteresebuli. mcenareuli mosava-
li Tu mecxoveleobis produqti, veluri iqneboda is
Tu kulturuli, mTlianad amindze iyo damokidebu-
li, rac xels uwyobda amindis Sesacvlel ritualTa
mravalferovani formebis aRmocenebas, romelTa So-
ris garkveuli adgili eWira zoomorful obieqtebs,

314
anu bunebis ZalTa ganmasaxierebel cxovelebs, aseve
Sromis iaraRs, da yofiT inventars. mogvianebiT, ro-
ca amindis Secvla bunebis ZalTa gamgebeli RvTaeb-
ebis prerogativad iqca, es cxovelebi da inventari
am ukanasknelTa atributebad, funqciis gamomxatvel
sagnebad ganixilebodnen. lazaroba-gonjaoba TiTqmis
saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSia damowmebuli, mciredi
gansxvavebiT. gansxvaveba ufro xSirad Seexeba ritua-
lis mTavari personaJis saxels, romelic amindis
RvTaebas ganasaxierebs. mas qarTlSi, imereTSi, mes-
xeT-javaxeTSi da aWaraSi `lazare~ erqva, raWa-leC-
xumSi, svaneTsa da kaxeTSi _ `gonja-gonjo, TuSeTSi
igi `sawvimara gugais~ saxeliTaa cnobili, xolo mes-
xeT-javaxeTSi, zogan kotia-koti~-asac eZaxdnen.
`lazare-gonjaobas~ ormxrivi daniSnuleba hqonda,
mas gamarTavdnen rogorc daris, ise wvimis dros,
oRond savedrebel teqstSi RvTaebas saWiroebis mixed-
viT SesTxovdnen mzian Tu Rrublian dars. magaliTad,
sof. kavTisxevSi gvalvisas ikribebodnen qalebi, Tixi-
sagan akeTebdnen Tojinas lazares, romelsac kari-
dan karze daatarebdnen da galobdnen (123: 216-227).
saferxulo cekvebi da simRerebi agreTve saqor-
wilo ritualis erT-erTi komponenti iyo. magaliTad,
samcxe-javaxeTSi, Tavisi specifikuri wyobiT, `Svidi
wyvili ferxuli~ gamoirCeoda. Svidi wris Semovlis
Semdeg ferxuli mTavrdeboda. garkveulia, rom ricxvi
Svidi mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli ciur mnaTobebTan.
arqeologiuri monacemebiT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze
paleoliTis adamiani ricxv Svids ukavSirebda mnaTo-
bebs, romlebic ukve gaRmerTebulni iyvnen da ricxvi
Svidi sakraluri iyo (66: 153; 62:502; 63: 91).
saweso saferxulo simRera `jvaris winasa~, ro-
melic gavrcelebuli iyo aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTasa da barSi, sruldeboda keris irgvliv nefe-de-
doflis garSemotarebisas (71: 56-58, 156-158).keris ir-
gvliv sruldeboda agreTve megruli `kuCxa-bedinera~.
aRniSnulia fSauri `jvaris winas~ da megruli `kuCxa

315
bedineras~ Sesrulebis wesisa da musikaluri teqste-
bis siaxlove, rac maT saerTo warmomavlobaze miui-
TiTebs (79: 11, 43; 158: 256-260). ritualis uZvelesi dro-
idan momdinareobas asabuTebs musikaluri teqstebis
xniereba da, garda amisa, misi kerasTan Sesrulebis
wesi. arqeologiuri da eTnografiuli monacemebiT ke-
ra, romelic mzis asociacias iwvevda da solaruli
rwmenebis orbitaSi eqceoda, imTaviTve daukavSirda
nayofierebis kults. am ritualis uZvelesi droidan
momdinareobas asabuTebs musikaluri teqstis xniereba
da garda amisa, misi kerasTan Sesrulebis wesi. cen-
tri, rogorc sacxovrisis Sida sivrcis maorgani-
zebeli wertili, ZiriTadad emTxveva keras, magram
yovelTvis emTxveva mas darbazuli tipis sacxovre-
belSi, sadac centri kera-dedaboZi gvirgvinis er-
TobliobiT aris warmodgenili. kera iTvleboda sax-
lis socialur da sakralur centrad, sadac srulde-
boda mravali saxis religiuri ceremoniali dakav-
Sirebuli astralur nayofierebisa da micvalebulis
kultebTan. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sacxovrebelSi
dedaboZi ganuyrelad kerasTan idga da orive erT
mTlian kompleqss qmnida. axlad moyvanil patarZals
samjer Semoatarebdnen kerisa da boZis garSemo. de-
daboZs ukavSireben xurituli saxlis svetebs da iun-
ur kolonebs, romlebic mcire aziidan unda momdina-
reobdnen. boZTan dakavSirebuli sarwmunoebrivi gad-
monaSTebi genetikurad xis kultis uZvelesi for-
mebidan unda iRebdes saTaves (66: 163-173; 63: 91; 123: 58).
astralur rwmena-warmodgenebs ukavSirdeba uZve-
lesi svanuri saferxulo simRerebi: `dala kojas
xelRvaJale~ (`dali kldeSi mSobiarobs~), romelic
miZRvnilia nadirobis qalRmerT dalisadmi. dalis,
rogorc ciskris varskvlavis kulti Semonaxulia
qarTul xalxur misamRerebSi: o delia nanuni, vara-
do deli, o deli, o dila, dili da lale da a. S.;
`bail beTqil~, romlis siuJeti RvTaeba dalisa da
ganTqmuli monadiris siyvarulis amsaxveli erT-erTi

316
arqauli variantia; `amiranis ferxuli~ an `amirani~
(svanuri da raWuli variantebi), romelic eZRvneba
qalRmerT dalis vaJs, `RvTaebrivi Camomavlobis ti-
tans~. f. baiernis mier samTavroSi aRmoCenili brin-
jaos sartyeli, romelic daTariRebulia Zv. w. I aT-
aswleuliT, sayuradReboa im mxriv, rom masze gadmo-
cemulia fragmenti amiranis eposidan, kerZod, _ ami-
ranis, badris da usupis nadiroba. gamoTqmulia mo-
sazreba, rom amiranis mxatvruli saxe saTaves iRebs
im uZveles xanaSi, rodesac qarTvelur enaTa fuZe-ena
jer kidev diferencirebuli ar iyo. fiqroben, rom
amiranis Tqmulebis Semqmnelebi mtkvar-araqsis kul-
turis matarebeli tomebi iyvnen. `amiranis~ musikalu-
ri teqstebis siZvele, Tavis mxriv, eposis uZvelesi
droidan momdinareobaze metyvelebs. sazogadod, sva-
nuri samonadireo saferxulo simRerebi `dalis cik-
lis~ organul nawilad gaiazreba (22: 89; 172: 31-32, 68-
79; 81: 80; 166: 111-118).
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT ferxulis xnierebas, adgi-
lad warmosadgenia, raoden martivi struqturis mqo-
ne musikaluri masala unda asaxuliyo saferxulo
sagalobelSi odesRac, sazogadoebis ganviTarebis
zemoT aRniSnul xanaSi. rogorc aRiniSna, musikalu-
ri teqstebis retrospeqtulma analizma warmoaCina
umartivesi melodiuri formula an fuZe-hangi, rome-
lic garkveul intonaciur ares moicavs da qarTuli
musikaluri fuZe-enis gamomxatvelia. amave dros igi
musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis zogad kanonzo-
mierebas emyareba.
kvartis diapazonis aTviseba uadres musikalur
kulturaTa istoriaSi aRiarebulia didi mniSvnelo-
bis faqtad: `momijnave~ tonebis intonirebidan (reCi-
tativi `sekundur-terciuli~ diapazonis farglebSi)
gadasvla xdeba im intonaciebis gamoyenebaze romle-
bic warmoiqmnebian obertonuli naTesaobis safuZvel-
ze da gamoirCevian meti azrobrivi diapazoniT. bge-
raTa mimarTebis obertonuli naTesaobis `aTviseba~

317
bgeriTi masalis obieqturi Taviseburebebis xaris-
xobrivad mravalferovani gamoyenebis saSualebas iZ-
leva. am Taviseburebebs, gansxvavebiT `gareganisagan~,
r. gruberi pirobiT uwodebs `Sinagans~, radgan isini
musikaluri xerxebiT exmarebian gaxsnan sinamdvilis
Sinagani kavSirebi. adamiani afarToebs ra mis mier
gamoyenebuli tonebis diapazons da aRwevs kvartas,
didxans Cerdeba masze. es aixsneba ara mxolod sa-
metyvelo intonaciebTan misi diapazonis Sesatyviso-
biT, aramed umTavresad imiT, rom kvarta pirvelia im
intervalTagan, romlebic miRebulia `intonaciuri
velis~ TandaTanobiTi gafarToebis procesSi, ober-
tonuli naTesaobis mqone intervalTa gamoyenebis sa-
fuZvelze. kvartis diapazonis aTvisebas ukavSireben
sazogadoebis ganviTarebis pirvelyofil-Temur wyo-
bilebas (53: 50).
zemoxsenebuli msjelobis Semdeg sagulisxmoa,
rom fuZe-hangi, romelic safuZvlad daedo qarTul
xalxur musikas, odesRac unda asaxuliyo saferxu-
lo sagaloblebSi, romelTa Sesabamisi saferxulo
wyoba, SesaZloa, Zv. w. II aTaswleulis SuaxaniT da-
TariRebul sasmiszea gaazrebuli.
rogorc ukve iTqva, wriuli ferxulebi dakavSi-
rebulia nayofierebasTan, mosavlianobasTan, gamrav-
lebasTan. saferxulo sagaloblebis sityvier teq-
stebSi asaxulia mimarTva mosavlis mfarveli da ada-
mianTa da saqonlis gamamravebeli RvTaebebisadmi.
wriuli ferxulebi da sxva wriuli qmedebani, bune-
bis kvdoma-aRorZinebis Sesabamisad, warmogvidgens
drois aRricxvis wriul, ciklur wess. ferxulis
wamoaRniSnuli funqciidan gamomdinare bunebrivia is
mWidro kavSiri, romelic odiTganve arsebobda sa-
ferxulo da Sromis simRerebs Soris. mTaSi koleq-
tiuri Sromis uZveles formas warmoadgenda na-
di//xornadi, ulavi//ulami. garkvulia, rom koleqti-
uri Sromis es forma pirvelyofili Temuri wyobile-
bis droidan momdinarea, radgan Temis mier damuSa-

318
vebul jvaris (salocavis) mamulebze mosuli Wirna-
xuli Tanabrad nawildeboda (23: 104).
saqarTvelos barSi cnobilia Sromis gaerTiane-
bis sxvadasxva formebi, modgami, nacvalgardoba, ma-
miTadi, nadi da sxv. modgamobis instituti Tavisi
formiT genetikurad pirvelyofil _ Temur wyobile-
bas ukavSirdeba (118: 407-420; 43). eTnografiuli mona-
cemebiT irkveva, rom koleqtiur Sromas mudam Tan
axlda simRera, rogorc Sromis procesis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani komponenti. gansakuTrebiT sayuradRe-
boa mkis simRerebi, romelTa melodia struqturu-
lad martivia da qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis,
fuZe-hangis doneze ganixileba. musikalur-intonaciur
mxaresTan erTad arsebiTia metri da ritmi, rogorc
Sromis procesis maorganizebeli. Tu gaviziarebT mo-
sazrebas koleqtiuri Sromis formebis uZvelesi
droidan momdinareobis Sesaxeb, Sromis simRerebis
melodiur-intonaciuri kavSiri saferxuloebTan, qar-
Tuli xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis adreul safexu-
rebze, met damajereblobas iZens. es kavSiri maT So-
ris gvian xanaSic aRiniSneba. magaliTad, mTiuluri
`namgluri~ mTiuluri saqorwilo saferxulos `jva-
ris winas~ intonaciebzea agebuli. SeniSnulia `nam-
glurisa~ da saerTod, xevsuruli, fSauri da mTiu-
luri saferxuloebis melodiur-intonaciuri naTesa-
oba. Sromis simReris `aRzevans waval (dakavSirebu-
lia aRzevnis midamoebidan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
qvamarilis SemotanasTan) Sesaxeb gamoTqmulia mosaz-
reba, rom misi sityvieri teqsti, Tavisi wyobiT, da
hangi gundobrivi Sesrulebis niSnebs Seicavs. Ses-
rulebis orpiruli forma, romelsac leqsi amJRav-
nebs, saweso xasiaTisaa da SesaZlebelia ferxulis
saxiT sruldeboda.musikaluri teqstebis intonaci-
urma analizma daasabuTa am mosazrebis safuZvliano-
ba. Sromis simRerebSi aisaxa agreTve saferxuloebis
`mumli muxasa~ da `Savlego~ musikaluri teqstebi. T.
mamalaZe kaxuri Sromis simRerebis Seswavlisas Se-

319
niSnavs, rom qarTl-kaxuri sameurneo mniSvnelobis
uZveles simRera-ferxulebsa da Sromis simRerebs er-
Ti ZiriTadi hangi aqvT, romelic adis kvintaze, Sem-
deg sekundiT ixevs ukan da terciaze naxtomiT ub-
rundeba sawyis mdgomareobas. misi fragmentebi `iav-
nanas~ sagalobelSia Semonaxuli. hangi, romlis Sesa-
xeb mkvlevari miuTiTebs, fuZe-hangis gafarToebis Se-
degadaa miRebuli da igi Tavs iCens ara mxolod
Sromis simRerebSi, aramed sazogadod, qarTul xal-
xur simRerebSi (91: 51-52, 67-69, 74, 82).
mosavlianobis Zalisadmi miZRvnili dasavleT
saqarTvelos barSi arsebuli naduri simRerebi
`odoia~, `xelxvavi~, `oCeSxvei~, `oCeSxveda xvabrieli~
da sxv. am simRerebis sityvier teqstebSi gansakuTre-
buli adgili eTmoba locva-vedrebas nayofierebis,
mosavlis gadidebisaTvis. `oCeSxvei~ Romis Toxvnisa
da misi `Cxvarvis~ (cexvis) dros sruldeboda. mosav-
lis `rCevasTan~ dakavSirebul simReraSi `xelxvavi~
naxsenebi oCo//oCi da misadmi baraqis gamoTxovis
formuliT mimarTva SemTxveviTi ar unda yofiliyo,
radgan RvTaeba oCe//oCis erT-erT funqcias nayofie-
rebis mfarveloba Seadgenda. zemoxsenebuli Sromis
simRerebis analogiurad, `odoia~ RvTaeba odisadmi
miZRvnili himni-vedreba iyo, romelic guriaSi, sameg-
relosa da imereTSi simindis Toxnis dros (adre Ro-
mis Toxnisa da aRebisas) sruldeboda (155: 100; 156: 51-
52; 119: 187-193).
musikalur-eTnografiuli masalidan mkafiod
Cans sayofacxovrebo tradiciis arsebiTi roli qar-
Tuli xalxuri musikis Camoyalibebasa da ganviTare-
baSi, musikaluri Janrebis (Sromis, saweso, sayofac-
xovrebo) formirebaSi. irkveva, rom musikaluri az-
rovnebis uadres safexurze simRera saweso moqmede-
baTa kompleqsSi Semavali erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
elementTagania. igi garkveuli Sinaarsis Semcvelia
da yofis calkeuli mxareebis amsaxveli. zemoxsene-
buli msjelobis Semdeg SesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom

320
qarTuli musikaluri fuZe-ena Camoyalibda im uZvele-
si rwmena-warmodgenebis amsaxvel ritualebSi, rom-
lebic imTaviTve dakavSirebuli iyo qarTvelTa yo-
fasTan, am mxriv aRsaniSnavia saferxuloebisa da,
gansakuTrebiT ki, xmiT natiralTa arsebiTi roli
fuZe-enis, fuZe-hangis CamoyalibebaSi. Tu gaviTvalis-
winebT fuZe-hangis xnierebas da mis adgils xalxur
yofaSi, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom igi qarTve-
lur enaTa fuZe-enis paralelurad arsebobda. fuZe-
hangis infiltraciam yofis sxvadasxva sferoSi, gamo-
iwvia misi semantikuri transformacia: cvlilebebs
ganicdis musikaluri teqstis forma da Sinaarsi,
Sesrulebis xasiaTi da bolos, yalibdeba Tvisebri-
vad axali, gansxvavebuli sasimRero nimuSebi, romle-
bic zogad qarTul musikalur struqturaSi garkve-
ul adgils imkvidrebs.
amgvarad, musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
uadres safexurebze gaazrebuli intonireba, datvir-
Tuli adamianTa garkveuli jgufis Sinagani samyaros
gamomsaxvelobis Tavisebur xerxTa erTobiT, ufro
mogvianebiT warmoqmnis im musikalur-eTnikur Tavise-
burebas, romelic erovnuli fsiqologiis struqtu-
rul elementad warmogvidgeba.
Tu xalxuri musikis monacemebiT vimsjelebT, eW-
vgareSea, rom mravalxmianobis (samxmianobis) kompleq-
surma formam, romlis matarebeli svanuri mosaxleo-
ba iyo, arsebiTi roli Seasrula saerTo-qarTveluri
musikaluri fuZe-enis diferenciaciaSi. masalebi sa-
Sualebas iZleva vivaraudoT, rom mravalxmianobis am
formis Casaxva, bundonuli orxmianobis Semdeg,
saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis doneze
xdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, qarTuli mravalxmianobis
xnierebaze metyvelebs. mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri
formis Camoyalibebam qarTvelur, svanur tomebSi, ga-
napiroba Tavdapirvelad svanuri musikaluri dialeq-
tis gancalkeveba saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri
fuZe-enidan, rac Seesatyviseba qarTvelur enaTa fuZe-

321
enidan Tavdapirvelad svanuris gamoyofas. im uZvele-
si xanisaTvis kompleqsuri mravalxmianoba farTo te-
ritoriaze Cans ganfenili. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
mravalxmianobis am saxeobis gavrcelebam dasavleT
saqarTveloSi, safuZveli Cauyara musikaluri kultu-
ris dasavlur-qarTul wres da amgvarad Camoyalibda
qarTuli musikaluri kulturis ori didi wre: aRmo-
savluri da dasavluri. sainteresoa qarTveli xal-
xis eTnikuri istoriis romel periods ukavSirdeba
odesRac saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis
arseboba da misi diferenciacia. lingvisturi monace-
mebiT qarTvelur enaTa fuZe-enis arsebobas Zv. w. IV-
III aTaswleulebSi varaudoben (95: 71; 97: 338-341; 176:
292-295: 101: 13, 19; 39: 880-881, 909). gaziarebulia g. dee-
tersis mosazreba qarTvelur enaTa fuZe-enidan Tav-
dapirvelad svanuris gamocalkevebisa da Semdeg,
erTxans, qarTuli da megrul-Wanuri (zanuri) enobri-
vi erTobis arsebobis Sesaxeb. gamoTqmulia varaudi
Zv. w. II aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi svanuri eTni-
kuri jgufis enobrivi da amasTanave faqtiuri gan-
calkevebis Sesaxeb qarTul-zanuri jgufisagan (97:
340-341; 176: 293-294). ukanasknel xanebSi wamoyenebuli
mosazrebis mixedviT Zv. w. IV-III aTaswleulebSi qar-
Tvelur migraciaTa pirvel talRas dasavleTiT da
Crdilo-dasavleTiT, kolxeTis dablobisaken, saer-
To-qarTveluris dasavlur-qarTuli dialeqtTagan,
Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi unda gamoeyo erT-erTi mTgani
da saTave unda daedo svanuri enis CamoyalibebisaT-
vis. Zv. w. II aTaswleulis dasawyisSi unda daSlili-
yo qarTul-zanuri erToba (39: 880-881, 909). yuradReba
mieqca im garemoebas, rom rkinis cnebis (`bereJ~) gad-
mocemaSi svanuri scildeba qarTuls da zanurs, ro-
melTac saamisod saerTo sityva aqvT. aqedan gamom-
dinare, gamoTqmulia mosazreba rkinis xmarebis daw-
yebisaTvis svanurenovani tomebis sxva danarCeni qar-
Tveluri masisagan damoukidebeli arsebobis Sesaxeb.
ufro metic, `spilenZ~ sityvis mxolod saerTo qar-

322
Tul-zanuri fuZe miuTiTebs saerTo qarTveluris
daSlaze (svanurad da qarTul-zanurad) kidev ufro
adre, `spilenZ~ cnebis gaCenis xanaSi (101, 13). arqeo-
logiuri monacemebiT, qarTveluri erTobis daSlis
sawyisebi III aTaswleulis boloSia saZebari. qarTve-
luri erTobis daSla mtkvar-araqsis kulturis da-
savleTiT ganfenas ukavSirdeba (176: 294-295). qarTve-
luri enobrivi erToba dRevandel aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos da mis mimdgom mxareebSi gavrcelebuli
mtkvar-araqsis kulturis Tavisebur variants moicav-
da. am kulturis dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcele-
bam safuZveli Cauyara saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe-enis
aRmosavlur da dasavlur dialeqtur jgufebs, rasac
sabolood saerTo qarTveluridan svanuris, rogorc
damoukidebeli enobrivi erTeulis Camoyalibeba moy-
va. svanuri tomebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadanac-
vleba aucilebeli piroba iyo, romelsac saerTo-qar-
Tveluri masidan am tomTa enobrivi mowyveta unda
gamoewvia (101: 19). musikaluri enisa da sametyvelo
enis sinkretizmi musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTare-
bis uadres safexurebze, fuZis-hangis xniereba da mi-
si adgili xalxur yofaSi, uflebas gvaZlevs saerTo
qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis arseboba da misi
diferenciaciis dasawyisi, miaxloebiT, mkvlevarTa
mier zemoT warmodgenil qronologiur CarCoebSi mo-
vaTavsoT.
musikaluri kulturis dasavlur-qarTuli wris
Camoyalibeba, romelic, rogorc Cans, xangrZliv is-
toriul periods moicavda, Tavis mxriv, migvaniSnebs
svanTa gansaxlebaze dasavleT saqarTveloSi. niSan-
doblivia, rom enobrivi monacemebiT II aTaswleulsa
da I aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi varaudoben qar-
Tvelur, svanur tomTa farTod gavrcelebas dasav-
leT saqarTvelos ara mxolod mTian, aramed baris
raionebSi (95: 33; 97: 341; 101: 11, 20).
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi svanuris kvali Tavs
iCens moxeur simRerebSi. xevi erT-erTi saintereso

323
regionTagania musikaluri kulturis aRmosavlur--
qarTul wreSi. masSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis
simRerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel melodiur-intonaci-
ur da harmoniul TaviseburebebTan erTad, baris
(qarTli, kaxeTi) simRerebis (gansakuTrebiT `iavnanas~
melodiis) mniSvnelovani gavlena SeiniSneba. svanizme-
bi musikalur sferoSi (saferxuloebSi) vlindeba
ritmuli banisa da zeda ori xmis JReradobaSi. xmaTa
analogiuri Sexameba mTiulebSic SeiniSneba (81: 50-51).
sainteresoa, rom werilobiTi wyaroebidan gamom-
dinare, mkvlevarni darialis xeobis midamoebSi, xev-
Si, Zvelad wanarTa arsebobas varaudoben. Trusoeli
osebi Zvelad (da dResac) sof. stefanwmindas (yaz-
begs) uwodebdnen `sana~//`Sana~, arabuli wyaroebic
wanarebs ixsenieben _ `sanar~//`sanaria~. amasve mow-
mobs xadis xeobis saTaveSi `Sanis mTa~ da inguSeTSi
`Sanis wyali~ (69: 32-34, 103; 103: 189-190). wanarebis gan-
saxlebisa da eTnikuri kuTvnilebis Seswavlisas ga-
ziarebulia n. maris da s. kakabaZis mosazreba imis
Sesaxeb, rom wanarebi qarTuli, svanuri tomia da ara
CaCnur-inguSuri (61: 753-765). svanizmebis kvali moxeur
simRerebSi iqneb xevis teritoriaze wanarTa gansax-
lebiT aixsnas. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tu moxeuri musi-
kaluri masalis analizis SedegebiT vimsjelebT, Se-
saZlebelia wanarebi qarTul, svanur samyaros davu-
kavSiroT.
svanur tomTa gansaxlebas Tanamedrove raWis te-
ritoriaze mowmobs svanTa musikaluri azrovnebis
ganviTarebis uZvelesi Sreebis arseboba raWaSi. amas-
Tanave reliefurad Cans raWulis (qvemo, zemo, da na-
wilobriv mTis raWis) mWidro kavSiri aRmosavlur--
qarTul musikalur samyarosTan. am mxriv sayuradRe-
boa raWulis kavSiri ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos barTan, aramed mTis regionebTan. rogorc
Cans raWulis Zirebi musikaluri kulturis aRmosav-
lur-qarTuli wris wiaRSia saZiebeli. simptomaturia,

324
rom raWulSi SeRweuli svanuri simRerebis uZvelesi
formebi reliqtis saxiT Semoinaxa (79: 39).
dasavlur-qarTuli musikaluri kulturis Sem-
dgom ganviTarebaSi, vfiqrobT, aranaklebi mniSvneloba
unda hqonoda ufro mogvianebiT lazeTis (egrisis)
samefos Camoyalibebas. II saukunis bolosaTvis laze-
Tis samefo aerTianebda mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos,
romlis teritoria moicavda mTian mxaresac, Tanamed-
rove afxazeTs, svaneTs da raWas (68: 161; 103: 96).
megrul musikalur masalaSi Cans uZvelesi me-
lodiur-intonaciuri fena, romelic saerTo qarTve-
luri musikaluri kulturis aRmosavlur-qarTul
wres ukavSirdeba. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia am fe-
nis musikalur-semantikuri siaxlove aRmosavleT sa-
qarTvelos mTielTa simRerebTan, romlebSic relie-
furad iCens Tavs aRmosavlur-qarTuli musikaluri
wrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli melodiis uZvelesi for-
mebi. Cveni msjelobidan gamomdinare, sagulisxmoa
garkveul istoriul xanaSi qarTul-zanuri (megrul-
Wanuri) musikaluri erTobis arseboba. zemoxsenebuli
interpretaciis Semdgom SesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom
megruli musikaluri dialeqti ufro gvian gamoeyo
saerTo-qarTvelur musikalur fuZe-enas, vidre svanu-
ri (81: 51-52). aRsaniSnavia, rom uZvelesi werilobiTi
wyaroebi samxreT-aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi Zv. w.
XIII-XII saukuneebidan kolxeTis (daia-kulxas) same-
fos arsebobas adastureben. rogorc gvian brinjaos
xanis kolxeTis, ise Zveli kolxuri samefos mosax-
leoba umTavresad qarTveluri tomebisagan Sedgebo-
da. mkvlevarTa varaudiT im uZveles xanaSi `kolxi~
saxels dasavlur-qarTulis mniSvneloba ar eniWebo-
da, aramed saerTo qarTul-zanuri (megrul-Wanuri)
elementis aRmniSvneli iyo. am droisaTvis qarTebsa
da megrel-Wanebs Soris enobrivi gansxvaveba ar unda
arsebuliyo. kolxeTis samefo ganixileba rogorc
qarTul-zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) mosaxleobis gaerTi-
aneba, romelic moicavda agreTve istoriuli kolxe-

325
Tis CrdiloeT raionebSi mcxovreb svanur tomebsac.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom qarTis tomebi, romle-
bic adrerantikur xanaSi samxreT (mesxeTi) da aRmo-
savleT saqarTvelos teritoriazea sagulisxmo, ad-
ridanve gavrcelebuli iyvnen dRevandeli dasavleT
saqarTvelos samxreT (aWara, guria) da aRmosavleT
(imereTi) raionebSic (97: 389, 395, 442; 101: 176-182).
musikaluri monacemebi aranakleb saintereso Cans
saqarTvelos uZvelesi xanis istoriuli suraTis aR-
dgenisaTvis. ramdenadac mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri
formis Camoyalibeba svanur tomTa saxels ukavSirde-
ba, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos
musikalur yofaSi mravalxmianobis am formas mniSvne-
lovani roli adridanve, musikaluri azrovnebis gan-
viTarebis uZveles etapebze unda Seesrulebina.
xazgasasmelia, rom saerTo-qarTvelur musika-
lur fuZe-enas, svanuri da megruli musikaluri dia-
leqtebis doneze gamoeyofa. aqve davsZenT, rom lin-
gvisturi monacemebiT svanuri da megruli qarTvelu-
ri enebia (130: 57-86). bolo xanebSi arsebuli gamok-
vlevebiT maT saerTo-qarTveluri enis dialeqtebad
miiCneven (127: 206-223).
polifonia dasavleT saqarTveloSi ueWvelad
mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri formis niadagze viTar-
deba, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom qarTuli
musikaluri kulturis dasavluri wre imTaviTve mra-
valxmianobis am forma emyareboda. rogorc zemoT
iTqva, svanuri tomebis gamocalkeveba erToblivi qar-
Tveluri eTnosidan, musikalur sferoSi kompleq-
suri mravalxmianobis CasaxviT aRiniSna, rac qarTu-
li mravalxmianobis axali, gansxvavebuli formis
warmoqmnaSi gamoixata. aqedan gamomdinare, musikalu-
ri kulturis dasavlur-qarTuli wris Camoyalibeba
bunebrivad ukavSirdeba mravalxmianobis am formis
gavrcelebas dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
simptomuria, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos baris regi-
onebSi mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri formis poli-

326
foniaSi TandaTanobiTi gadazrdis procesis Cveneba
Zneldeba.
amgvarad, musikalur-eTnografiuli masalis ana-
lizis Sedegebi saSualebas iZleva vaCvenoT odesRac
qarTvelur tomTaTvis saerTo musikaluri fuZe-ena,
misi ganviTarebisa da amasTanave diferenciaciis pro-
cesi, musikaluri dialeqtebis warmoqmna, rac Tavise-
burad asaxavs erToblivi qarTveluri eTnosis arse-
bobas da mis diferenciacias, calkeuli eTnografiu-
li jgufebis, kuTxeebis Camoyalibebas; qarTveluri
musikaluri fuZe-enis arsebobis xanaSi mravalxmiano-
bis burdonuli da kompleqsuri anu sinqronuli xma-
Tasvlis formebis Casaxva; musikaluri kulturis
ori didi wre: aRmosavlur-qarTuli da dasavlur--
qarTuli, rac Seesatyviseba saqarTvelos mosaxleo-
bis dayofas istoriulad Camoyalibebul or mTavar
jgufad: iberiuli da kolxuri; svanur tomTa mniS-
vneloba musikaluri kulturis dasavlur-qarTuli
wris CamoyalibebaSi; qarTuli xalxuri musikis war-
moSobis istoriul-eTnografiuli aspeqtebi; qarTu-
li xalxuri musikis Semdgomi ganviTarebis saerTo
gza, romelmac sabolood ganapiroba erTiani qarTu-
li musikaluri kulturis arseboba.
qarTuli mravalxmianoba kavkasiaSi farTo teri-
toriaze Cans ganfenili.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna (Tavi VIII), arqeologiu-
ri monacemebiT amierkavkasia da, saerTod, kavkasia
Zveli qvis xanis adreul safexurze wina aziis uZve-
lesi adamianis gavrcelebis sferoSi Sedioda da Se-
saZlebelia, misi Crdilo, periferiuli nawili iyo.
Zveli qvis xanis Zeglebi amierkavkasiaSi adgilobri-
vi kulturis safuZvelzea warmoqmnili. aRniSnulia
bunebrivi garemos gadamwveti roli lokaluri Tavi-
seburebebis warmoqmnaSi. kavkasiis neoliTi adgilob-
rivi, winare kulturis safuZvelzea aRmocenebuli.
oRond rogorc erT-erTi Semadgeneli periferiuli
nawili wina aziis uZvelesi samiwaTmoqmedo centrisa,

327
masTan axlo urTierTobaSi viTardeboda. am xanaSi
mTel kavkasiaSi mimdinareobs tomTa farTo ganfena,
iqmneba monaTesave tomebisagan Semdgari mozrdili
eTnikuri jgufebi da, Sesabamisad erTgvarovani didi
arqeologiuri kulturebi, romelTa did teritoria-
ze ganfena TandaTanobiT daSorebas iwvevda da kavka-
siuri enobrivi da kulturuli erTobis gaTiSvis sa-
fuZvels qmnida. V aTaswleulSi es erToba ukve daS-
lili unda yofiliyo. adre brinjaos xanaSi, rome-
lic mTel III aTaswleuls moicavs, sabolood yalib-
deba kavkasiis mosaxleobis ZiriTadi eTnikuri jgu-
febi da, Sesabamisad, erTgvarovani didi arqeologi-
uri kulturebi, romelTa did teritoriaze ganfena
TandaTanobiT daSorebas iwvevda da kavkasiuri en-
obrivi da kulturuli erTobis gaTiSvis safuZvels
qmnida. fiqroben, rom V aTaswleulSi es erToba ukve
daSlili unda yofiliyo (176: 17-18, 43, 46, 93). anTro-
pologiuri kvleva-Ziebis safuZvelze gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze anTropo-
logiuri tipebis uwyveti memkvidreobiToba, eneoli-
Tis miwurulidan dRemde, qarTvelTa winaprebis ad-
gilobrivi, autoqtonuri warmomavlobis maCvenebeli
unda iyos, samxreT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, da-
savleT azerbaijanisa da somxeTis teritoriebze an-
alogiuri tipebis arseboba da maTi epoqaluri tran-
sformaciis erTi mimarTuleba, am regionis uZvelesi
mosaxleobis erTian genetikur warmomavlobaze unda
miuTiTebdes. es anTropologiuri erTianoba SeiZleba
maCvenebeli iyo iberiul-kavkasiuri didi erTobisa,
romelic SeniSnulia kulturasa da enaSi (2: 39). der-
matoglifikis Seswavlis safuZvelze kavkasiuri ti-
pis genezisi da misi Tavisebureba ganxilulia ro-
gorc winaaziuri tipis regionaluri forma, romelic
Camoyalibda gansxvavebul maRalmTian garemoSi (31:
107). lingvisturi monacemebiT iberiul-kavkasiuri en-
ebi miCneulia monaTesave enebad, magram amave dros
gaCnda gansxvavebuli Sexedulebac (sakiTxTan dakav-

328
SirebiT vrclad ix. 176: 252-267). qarTuli da Crdi-
lokavkasiuri musikaluri enebis SedarebiTi anali-
zis Sedegebi garkveulwilad Suqs hfens kavkasiis mo-
saxleobis eTnogenezis problemas (79, I: 216-277; 81: 55-
62, 72). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, qarTuli, afxazuri,
adiReuri, osuri, CaCnur-inguSuri da nawilobriv da-
Restnuri musikaluri monacemebi _ musikalur-intona-
ciur da harmoniul elementTa (maT Soris, simRere-
bis damaboloebeli nagebobebis _ kadansebis) naTesa-
oba musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis uZveles
etapebze, tipologiuri msgavseba ganviTarebis Sem-
dgom procesSi, saerTo kavkasiuri musikalur-intona-
ciuri xasiaTi da, rac mTavaria, mravalxmianoba da
misi formebi _ metyvelebs kavkasiis teritoriaze
odesRac saerTo musikaluri kulturis arsebobaze,
romlis SeqmnaSi ZirZvel, adgilobriv mosaxleobas
unda mieRo monawileoba. musikaluri masalis ret-
rospeqtuli analizi warmoaCens qarTvelur tomTa
arsebiT mniSvnelobas, am kulturis Camoyalibebasa
da Semdgom ganviTarebaSi, romelic ZiriTadad kavka-
siuri musikalur-intonaciuri da harmoniuli azrov-
nebis farglebSi mimdinareobda. sagulisxmoa, rom im
uZveles xanaSi qarTveluri tomebi farTo teritori-
aze iyvnen ganfenilni da am tomTa polifoniurma az-
rovnebam substratis roli Seasrula saerTo kavkasi-
uri, kerZod iberiul-kavkasiuri musikaluri kultu-
ris CamoyalibebaSi. musikaluri monacemebiT `qarTve-
luris~ saxelwodebiT xsenebul tomTa gavrcelebis
are, rogorc Cans, TandaTan izRudeboda. niSandobli-
via, rom musikaluri azrovnebis, mravalxmianobis
formebis ganviTarebis Tanmimdevrul, uwyvet suraTs
mxolod qarTuli musikaluri ena iZleva, romelTa-
nac mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli, melodiur-intona-
ciurad da harmoniulad mdidari da mravalferovani
Crdilokavkasiuri musikaluri enebi rogorc geneti-
kurad, ise istoriul-kulturuli kavSirebiT. sauku-
neebis manZilze, regionalur specifikur niSanTa

329
zrdasTan erTad mimdinareobda am kulturis daSla.
es procesi iberiul-kavkasiuri musikaluri enebis Ca-
moyalibebiT dasrulda. iberiul-kavkasiur musika-
lur enaTa ojaxi ufro farTo areals moicavs, vid-
re iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ojaxi. masSi Sedis osu-
ri musikaluri ena. miuxedavad imisa, rom lingvistu-
ri monacemebiT osuri ena indoevropuli enebis
Crdilo iranul jgufs miekuTvneba. osuri musikalu-
ri enis substrati kavkasiuria, qarTveluria. aqve
davsZenT, rom musikaluri monacemebiT afxazebi is-
toriuli dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze qar-
Tveluri kulturis matarebel erT-erT qarTvelur
tomad moiazreba. es Sedegi Seesatyviseba anTropo-
logiur monacemebs, romlis mixedviT afxazebi isto-
riul kavSirebs metwilad qarTul eTnikur samya-
rosTan amJRavneben vidre adiReurTan. afxazebis
eTnogenezi ganixileba rogorc erT-erTi qarTveluri
jgufis adiReur enaze gadasvla. afxazeTis terito-
riaze gansaxlebuli uZvelesi tomebis eTnikuri vi-
naoba qarTuli iyo (sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ufro
vrclad ix. Tavi VIII. 17: 7; 18: 279, 282, 294). iberiul-
kavkasiur musikalur enaTa Semdgomi kvleva ufro ga-
amdidrebs Cvens warmodgenas odesRac iberiul-kavka-
siuri musikaluri kulturis Sesaxeb.
adreSuasaukuneTa miwuruls kavkasiis xalxTa po-
litikur-socialur-ekonomikursa da kulturis sfero-
ebSi mimdinare imanenturi procesebiTa da saqarTve-
los saxelmwifos kavkasiuri politikis Sedegad war-
moSobili kavkasiuri saxelmwifoebriobis religiur-
kulturuli safuZveli qristianuli religia da
kultura iyo, rac ufro aaxlovebda saqarTvelosa
da imierkavkasiis xalxebs erTmaneTTan (131: 6). es ki,
Tavis mxriv, ganapirobebda, saukuneebis manZilze, am
xalxTa mWidro kulturul urTierTobebs, rac musi-
kis sferoSic aisaxa.
`Zveli saqarTvelo ufro vrceli samyaros or-
ganuli, magram TavisTavadi nawilia. am samyaros Se-

330
adgens viwro aspeqtSi _ kavkasia, farTo aspeqtSi _
Zveli aRmosavleTi, romelTa sxva komponentebsac sa-
qarTvelo ukavSirdeba mravalricxovani da nairsaxo-
vani genetikuri da istoriuli kavSirebiT~ (175; 15:
94). qarTveli xalxis winaparTa odiTganve mWidro is-
toriul-kulturuli kontaqtebi wina aziis uZveles
mosaxleobasTan musikaluri nimuSebis uZveles Sreeb-
Si, musikalur terminebsa da sakravebSi aisaxa. am
TvalsazrisiT, uwinares yoflisa, Cveni yuradReba mi-
iqcia Zveli qarTuli sakravis ebanis warmomavlobam.
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, `bani~ Tavdapirvelad
garkvuli xmis saxelwodebas ki ar niSnavda, aramed
zogadad Sebanebas, xmaTa Sewyobas. am mosazrebis
dasasabuTeblad igi iyenebs xalxuri zepirsityviere-
bis masalebs. magaliTad, `leqs sxvazed gadavaqcioT,
ban mamec saJiJinao~, an `dahkar da dahkar fanduro,
karga maZlie bania~ da sxv. aq bani mxolod da mxo-
lod akompanements niSnavs. Sebaneba, dabaneba, akompa-
nementis aRmniSvneli termini iyo. mxolod SemdegSi
iqca bani dabali xmis aRmniSvnel saxelad. iv. java-
xiSvili bans etimologiurad da funqciiT ukavSi-
rebs Zvel qarTul sakravs ebans. `bani Zveladac da
Tanamedrove xalxur sityvierebaSic imdenad boxi
xmis aRmniSvneli ar iyo, ramdenadac zogadad akom-
panementis, Sebanebisa, romelic SesaZlebelia sakra-
vieric yofiliyo da xmieric, Tu am garemoebas ga-
viTvaliswinebT da Tanac gavixsenebT, rom Zvel qar-
Tul ZeglebSi galobis Sexmoba-ayolebisa, anda da-
samRerad gankuTvnil sakravs ebani erqva, SesaZlebe-
lia am ori sityviT banisa da ebanis esoden didma
bgeriTma msgavsebam Cveni yuradReba miipyros. mar-
Tlac, nuTu SemTxveviTia, rom akompanements, Sexmoba-
ayolebas bani ewodeba da akompanementisa da damRere-
bisaTvis gankuTvnil sakravsac ebani erqva, romelic
qnarisa da Cangis sinonimebadac gvxvdeba. Zneli
dasajerebelia, rom aq srulebiT SemTxveviTi, mxo-
lod garegnuli, bgeriTi msgavseba iyos. qarTul sa-

331
xels ebans arsad Tvisomni ar uCans egvipturis gar-
da, sadac aseTsave sakravs `te buni~ anu `tebuni~
ewodeboda... samwuxarod, ver gavarkvie, arsebobs Tu
ara raime etimologia am egvipturi saxelisaTvis,
magram vfiqrobT, rom qarTuli ebanisa da Zv. egvip-
tur tebunisa da arc qarTuli banisa da ebanis
msgavseba SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos da Ziri maT saer-
To unda hqondeT~. dabadebis qarTuli Targmanis sa-
Tanado adgilebis ebraul, berZnul, laTinur da
somxur TargmanebTan Sedarebisas iv. javaxiSvili eb-
ans qnaris qarTul Sesatyvisobad miiCnevs. `sakravic
qarTuli iyo Tu ara Tavdapirvelad, es jerjerobiT
gamosarkvevia, magram misi ebrauli qinnor-is qarTul
Sesatyvisobad miCneva da gamoyeneba uflebas gvaZ-
levs vifiqroT, rom ebanic galoba-simReris Sebanebi-
saTvis gankuTvnili sakravi yofila, romelic Zale-
bian sakravTa jgufs hkuTvnebia dabadebis qarTulad
gadmoTargmnis xanaSi mainc~ (174, I: 303-305, 135-145, 138).
iv. javaxiSvilis mosazrebis analogiurad gr. Cxikva-
Ze ebans Zalebian sakravTa (Cangi, qnari) jgufs mia-
kuTvnebs. misi azriT, ebani qnaris tipis qarTuli
sakravia. TviT saxelwodeba `ebani~ am sakravis qar-
Tuli saxelia. arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad
yazbegSi (stefanwmindaSi) aRmoCenil xuTZalian sak-
ravs, romelic memusikes xelSi uWiravs (Zv. w. VI s.),
mkvlevari ebanis moyvanilobis samusiko sakravad mi-
iCnevs. i. xaSbas azriT, sakravi yazbegis ganZidan
TiTqmis emTxveva Sumerul xuTZalian rkalisebur
Cangs, romelic daTariRebulia Zv. w. IV aTaswleu-
liT. aranakleb mniSvnelovania ufliscixeSi sof.
bambebis namosaxlarSi aRmoCenili niRbosani memusi-
kis Tixis figura. igi, rogorc d. xaxutaiSvili Se-
niSnavs, qronologiurad axlos dgas yazbegis qanda-
kebasTan da miekuTvneba Zv. w. VII-VI saukuneebs. mkvle-
vris azriT, sakravi, romelic memusikes xelT aqvs,
Cangi unda iyos. m. SilakaZe am Zegls Cangisebur
sakravs, liras uwodebs. ufliscixeSi aRmoCenili

332
sakravi formiT enaTesaveba yazbegidan cnobil sak-
ravs (146: 56-57; 167, II: 75; 173: 73-74; 135: 57; 14; 778).
termin `ebanis~ etimologiisaTvis sayuradReboa
f. galpinis mosazreba Sumeruli arfis uZvelesi
saxelwodebis Sesaxeb. f. galpini urSi aRmoCenili
arfebis ganxilvisas yuradRebas amaxvilebs mSvildi-
seburi arfis arqaul saxelwodebaze PAN an BAN. es
sakravi egvipteSi uZvelesi droidan iyo cnobili ban
an ben-is saxeliT da warmomdgaria sityvis Sumeruli
mniSvnelobidan `mSvildi~ (rkali). Gsakravis aRniS-
nul saxelwodebaze Sumerul enaSi SemorCenili sit-
yvebi miuTiTebs: GI-PAN-TAG-GA niSnavs `daartya
PAN-s~, LU-GI-PAN-TAG-GA _ `PAN-is damrtymeli~. f.
galpinis azriT TAG-s germanuli schlagen-is mniSvne-
loba aqvs (simebian sakravze ZalTsacemliT dakvris
teqnikuri saxelwodeba). mSvildisebur arfas dasav-
leT aziaSi Tavdapirvelad PAN ewodeboda. grZelye-
liani sakravi PAN-TUR, romelic warmoiSva mSvildi-
seburi arfisagan da niSnavs `patara mSvilds~
(rkals), somxeTSi Pandir-is da saqarTveloSi Panduri-is
saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. istoriulad _ SeniSnavs
mkvlevari, _ es qveynebi mWidro kavSirSi iyvnen meso-
potamiasTan, sadac aRniSnuli sakravi Zv. w. II aTas-
wleulidan dasturdeba. sainteresoa, rom f. galpini
qarTul fandurs etimologiurad da formiT Sume-
rul PAN-TUR-s ukavSirebs da rac mTavaria, am kav-
Sirs igi xsnis wina aziasTan qarTvel tomTa wina-
prebis kulturul-istoriuli kavSiriT. fanduris uZ-
veles nimuSad f. galpini miiCnevs Tixis firfitaze
gamosaxul orZalian sakravs q. nifuridan. fanduris
es uZvelesi nimuSi daTariRebulia Zv. w. 1900 wliT. k.
zaqsi am sakravs Zv. w. 2500 wliT aTariRebs (37: 27-35,
70; 57: 98). orsimiani fanduri kvartuli wyobiT qar-
Tveli xalxis yofam dRemde Semogvinaxa. orsimiani
sakravebi cnobilia Crdilokavkasiis xalxebSic:
afxazebSi, adiReelebSi, osebSi, CaCnebSi. sakravis

333
saxelwodeba, romelic ZalTa raodenobiT ganisaz-
Rvreba, saqarTveloSi iyo cnobili. werilobiTi wya-
roebidan irkveva, rom ZalTa anu simTa raodenobis
mixedviT arsebobda orZali, samZali, oTxZali, xuT-
Zali, aTZali. iv. javaxiSvili sakravis simis aRmniS-
vnel termins `Zals~ ukavSirebs `Zels~, `xes~, romel-
sac Seesatyviseba megrul-Wanuri `ja~, `jali~. aqedan
gamomdinare, iv. javaxiSvili varaudobs Zvelad qar-
Tvel tomebSi xembgeri sakravis arsebobas, romelzec
dartymiT (ZalTsacemliT) ukravdnen. `Zali~ istori-
uli xanis Zvel qarTulSi tyavisa da nawlavisagan
damzadebul sims niSnavda. xis Zalebis nacvlad
amgvari Zalis SemoRebas iv. javaxiSvili kulturul
dawinaurebas ukavSirebs. saerTod, xis simebiani sak-
ravis arseboba cnobilia adreul musikalur kultu-
raTa istoriaSi. simebiani sakravebis prototipad aR-
iarebulia mcenareulze atkeCili qerqi. aseTi saxis
xis simebiani sakravi afxazeTSic iyo cnobili (174, I:
103, 105, 283; 57: 47; 167, II: 54). Tu mxedvelobaSi mivi-
RebT iv. javaxiSvilis varauds, Zvelad qarTvelur
tomebSi xembgeri sakravis arsebobis Sesaxeb, `Zalis~
warmomavloba Zelidan savsebiT kanonzomieria. amgva-
rad, qarTvelur tomebSi Zalebiani sakravis arseboba
Soreuli warsulidan ivaraudeba. niSandoblivia, rom
k. zaqsi qarTul Cangs Sumerul arfas ukavSirebs,
romelic daTariRebulia Zv. w. 2700 wliT. v. beli-
aevma Tavis dros daayena sakiTxi qarTuli da, ker-
Zod, svanuri arfebis bgeraTrigebis Seswavlisa, ra-
sac SesaZloa Suqi moefina iseTi Soreuli kulture-
bisaTvis, rogoric Sumeruli musikaluri kulturaa
(mas mxedvelobaSi hqonda urSi aRmoCenili TerTmet-
simiani arfa) (57: 98; 28: 39).
qarTul Zalebian sakravTa wyobis ganviTarebis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani etapia sekundur-terciuli
wyoba, romelic fandurze aisaxa. v. belaevi varau-
dobda fanduris uZvelesi bgeraTrigis arsebobas
xuTtoniani gamis (pentatonikis) saxiT da dasZenda,

334
rom es bgeraTrigi TviT fanduris wyobaSia moce-
muli. am TvalsazrisiT interess iwvevs k. zaqsis mi-
er amokiTxuli Sumeruli lursmuli samusiko dam-
werloba (Zv. w. III aTaswleuli). igi Sedgeba ormoc-
daCvidmeti marcvlisagan, romelTagan Tvrameti cal-
keul musikalur bgerebs aRniSnavs. danarCeni _ or
da samxmian Tanabgeradobebs gamoxatavs. miuxedavad
bgeraTrigis diferenciaciisa, oqtavis farglebSi ga-
moiyeneba mxolod xuTi bgera pentantonikis saxiT,
romlis ageba SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva safexurze (28:
38; 57: 103; 53: 195-196; 73: 212). anhemitonuri pentantoni-
kis bgeraTrigze agebuli simRerebi xevsurul xmier
musikaSi gvxvdeba (`jvarionis simRera~, `beRliskru-
li~, `gvaris simRera~, `Tasze mRera~ da sxv.) Sume-
ruli samusiko damwerlobidan irkveva, rom arfa ara
mxolod imeorebs melodias, aramed, Semofarglavs
mas ori da samxmiani TanabgeradobebiT: kvartebiT,
kvintebiT, oqtavebiT, sekundebiT, ormagi oqtavebiT
(57: 103; 53: 195-196). es Tanabgeradobebi melodiisaTvis
harmoniul sayrdens warmoadgens da sakravieri mra-
valxmianobis erT-erT adreul etapze miuTiTebs. qar-
Tuli mravalxmianobis ganviTarebis uZvelesi safe-
xuri kvartuli wyobis mqone orsimianma fandurma Se-
mogvinaxa. afxazuri orsimiani sakravis afxarcas sim-
Ta JReradoba zustad emTxveva svanuri samsimiani Wu-
niris ganapira simTa JReradobas (sol _ (la) _ do),
ris safuZvelzec irkveva, rom Wuniri adre kvartuli
wyobis orsimiani sakravi unda yofiliyo. fiqroben,
rom es damTxveva, savsebiT bunebrivia, radgan afxa-
zur orsimian sakravze afxazuri simRerebisaTvis da-
maxasiaTebeli orxmianoba aisaxa, xolo svanur samsi-
mian sakravze ki _ svanuri simRerebisaTvis damaxasia-
Tebeli samxmianoba (16: 9). sayuradReboa, rom sakravis
simTa raodenoba da wyobebi mravalxmiani simRerebSi
xmaTa raodenobis Sesabamisadaa ganxiluli. Tu mxed-
velobaSi miviRebT arsebul mosazrebas grZelyelia-
ni sakravis arfidan warmoSobis Sesaxeb, maSin cxa-

335
dia, sakravieri mravalxmianobis is uZvelesi forma,
romelic fandurma Semogvinaxa, odesRac Cangzec un-
da asaxuliyo. amgvarad, mravalxmianobis ganviTare-
bis adreuli formebi, romlebic xmier musikaSia da-
leqili, sakravier musikaSi, kerZod Zalebiani sak-
ravebis uZveles wyobebsa da, TanabgeradobebSi vlin-
deba. bunebrivia, aRniSnuli wyoba da Tanabgera-
dobebi cnobili unda yofiliyo im xanisaTvis, rode-
sac TviT es sakravebi arsebobda. Tu gaviTvaliswi-
nebT, rom musikaluri kilo da mravalxmianobis sa-
wyisebi xmieri musikis wiaRSi Cndeba da mraval-
xmianobis SegrZneba, xmaTa harmoniuli Sexameba imTa-
viTve qarTvelTa winaprebis musikaluri azrovnebis
damaxasiaTebeli, Tandayolili Tvisebaa, anu qarTve-
lur tomTa fsiqikis struqturuli elementia, maSin
SesaZlebelia Zalebiani sakravebis asakis mixedviT,
agreTve qarTuli mravalxmianobis sawyisi formebis
xnierebis gansazRvra. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT samecnie-
ro literaturaSi arsebul monacemebs qarTvel tom-
Ta winaprebis winaaziis uZveles mosaxleobasTan,
kerZod, ki SumerebTan kulturul-istoriuli urTi-
erTobebis Sesaxeb (m. wereTeli, v. bardaveliZe, g. Ci-
taia, m. gegeSiZe, j. SaraSeniZe, v. Tofuria da sxv.),
cxadia, maT Soris kavSiri musikalur samyaroSic sa-
fuZvelmoklebuli ar unda iyos. aseT viTarebaSi
qarTvelur tomebSi Zalebian sakravTa arsebobis xana
kidev Soris gadaiwevs. niSandoblivia, rom uZvelesi
qarTuli Zalebiani sakravebi _ ebani da fanduri ro-
gorc etimologiurad, ise agebulebiT winaaziur
sakravebs, kerZod, Zv. w. III-II aTaswleulebiT daTari-
Rebul Sumerul Zalebian sakravebs ukavSirdeba, vfi-
qrobT, rom qarTuli Zalebiani sakravebis uZvelesi
wyoba da Tanabgeradobebi da Sesabamisad, qarTuli
xmieri mravalxmianobis uZvelesi formebi, cnobili
unda yofiliyo zemoT aRniSnuli periodisaTvis, ker-
Zod, im xanisaTvis, rodesac ivaraudeba winaaziis uZve-

336
les mosaxleobasTan qarTvelur tomTa genetikuri Tu
mWidro kulturul-istoriuli kavSirebi (73: 202-215).
winaaziur samyarosTan siaxlove qarTuli `iavna-
nas~ da winaaziuri musikaluri nimuSebis uZveles
SreebSi mJRavndeba. `iavnanas~ sagalobeli nayofiere-
bis qalRvaTaebis, didi deda nanas kults ukavSirde-
ba. arqeologiuri monacemebiT nanas kultis, rogorc
nayofierebis RvTaebis Camoyalibeba, neoliTis dasas-
ruls ivaraudeba. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, kavkasiis
neoliTi adgilobrivi, winare kulturis safuZvel-
zea aRmocenebuli, oRond rogorc erT-erTi Semadge-
neli periferiuli nawili wina aziis uZvelesi sami-
waTmoqmedo centrisa, masTan axlo urTierTobaSi vi-
Tardeboda. adre samiwaTmoqmedo tomTa ideologia,
ganviTarebis zemoxsenebul safexurze, gamsWvalulia
nayofierebis ideiT. religiur SexedulebebSi umTav-
resi adgili nayofierebis mfarvel RvTaebas _ bune-
bis did dedas ekuTvnis, Tumca maSinve mimdinareobs
misi garkveuli diferenciaciis procesi, iqmneba misi
gansxvavebuli saxeebi (66: 77; 172: 98-100).
sainteresoa, istoriuli somxeTis da azerbaija-
nis xalxuri simRerebis musikalur-intonaciuri siax-
love `iavnanas~ melodiasTan. SeniSnulia somxuri
`orovelebis~ msgavseba ara mxolod saxelwodebaSi,
aramed struqturaSi (11: 137, 150, 287; 85). es mcireo-
deni magram mniSvnelovani masala Taviseburad asa-
xavs Soreul xanaSi qarTul-somxur urTierTobebs.
xalxuri musikis sferoSi qarTul-somxuris siaxlo-
ve iqneb mtkvar-araqsis kulturis wiaRwia saZiebeli,
romlis matarebelni, rogorc fiqroben, qarTvelur-
enovani da xuritulenovani tomebi iyvnen, agreTve
garkveuli indoevropuli eTnikuri gaerTianebebi, an
iqneb aixsnas, ufro mogvianebiT, qarTvel tomTa in-
tensiuri urTierTobiT xuti-urartelebTan, romelTa
samefos dacemis Semdeg, nawili mosaxleobisa qar-
Tvel tomebs Seerwya, nawili somexTa wreSi gaiTqvi-
fa (176: 289-290; 39: 893-894, 912-913; 95: 244, 97, II: 435-437).

337
 qarTul misamRerebSi gvxvdeba urartul enaSi
cnobili gamoTqmebi: `ivri alale~, `Tari arale~ (`Ta-
ri alale~), `ari alale~. garkveulia, rom `ivri~ urar-
tulad `meufes~, `batons~ niSnavs, `Tari~ _ `dids~, `di-
ads~, `ari~ _ `momec~ (mogvec). `arale~ (`alale~) mosav-
lis RvTaebis saxelia (96, 1: 436). aRsaniSnavia, rom es
gamoTqmebi gansakuTrebiT xSiria aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos baris simRerebSi (85, 1: 262). yovelive es Ta-
viseburad asaxavs Soreul xanaSi kavkasiaSi mcxovre-
bi xalxebis istoriul-kulturul kavSirebs.
qarTul xalxur simRerebSi warmodgenilia iseTi
kiloebi, romelTa bgeraTrigebi aRmosavlur intona-
cias anu gadidebul sekundas (kilos II da III safexu-
rebs Soris) Seicavs. arsebobs mosazreba aRmosavluri
intonaciis adgilobrivi warmoSobis Sesaxeb (48; 160:
138-139).
sayuradReboa simRera `odoias~ saxelwodeba an
svanur misamRerebSi xSirad xmarebuli sityvebi: `odi
oida~, `vodo dia~, `odoia~, `vodivo~, `oidi~. fiqro-
ben, rom `odi~ svanuri ca-Rrublis RvTaebis `vobis~
sinonimia. amasTanave ar gamoricxaven misi `ordi~//
`ordo~-dan (=ganTiads, ciskars, baskurSi _ ho-or-
_ ca, cis tatnobi; or- _ ca. 93: 147) momdinareobas
(155: 96-104). sainteresoa `odis~ etimologiuri siax-
love dasavleT semitur RvTaebasTan `adadi~. babi-
lonur religiaSi `adadi~ da uZvelesi palestinis
religiaSi `hadadi~ Weqa-quxilis da wvimis RmerTia
(134: 123). baskurSi `odoi~ patara Rrubels niSnavs,
`hodei~ _ Rrubels, quxils, elvas, `edoi~ _ Rru-
bels, xSir nisls (124).
`odisTan~ kavSirs avlens saerTo indo-evropuli-
dan _ ut[h] (=agznebuli, eqstazuri, STagonebiTi mdgoma-
reoba) momdinare Semdegi sityvebi: Zv. isl. inn Rmer-
Ti odin, Zv. ingl. Wden, Zv. germ. Wuotan votan (Zv.
germanuli RmerTi poeturi STagonebisa), Zv. isl. r
poezia, Zv. ing. wo simRera, xma, leqsi (39: 836).

338
 mcire aziur-xeTur samyarosTan qarTvelur tom-
Ta urTierTobis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobas gvawvdis
svanuri musikalur-eTnografiuli masala. svanur sa-
ferxulo simRerasa da ritualSi `adrekila wagvi-
vida da mogvivida~ da `melia telefia~ dadgenilia
RvTaeba telefinuSis kultis kvali, romlis saTave
mcire aziis uZvelesi mosaxleobis religiur war-
modgenebSia saZebari. kerZod, telefinuSis da misi
meuRlis xatepinuSis saxelebi da am RvTaebaTa kul-
ti xaTuria (101: 12). garkveulia, rom `melia-telefi-
as~ pirveli nawili _ `melia~ ukavSirdeba xeTuri mi-
Tis personaJs _ futkars da rom es sityva svanurSi
xeTuri enobrivi samyarodan unda moxvedriliyo (29:
100). svanur saweso saferxulo simReraSi `adrekila~
(xelnaweri inaxeba v. sarajiSvilis sax. Tbilisis
saxelmwifo konservatoriis folkloris kaTedris
arqivSi) uadresi intonaciuri fena, kvartis diapazo-
nis mqone melodiis saxiT, Tavis mxriv, qarTvelTa
yofaSi am ritualis xnierebaze metyvelebs (85: 263).
aRsaniSnavia qarTuli da indoevropuli leqsi-
kuri Tanxvedrebi musikalur sferoSi: `galoba~ uZve-
lesi xanis qarTulSi musikaluri `bgerobis~ gamom-
xatveli erTaderTi zogadi sityvaa. dabadebis qar-
Tul TargmanSi `galoba~ saero, xmieri musikis, mRe-
ris aRmniSvnelia. mas enaTesaveba megruli `gara~,
`mongara~, romelic Tavdapirvelad moTqmiT da Seba-
neba-zruniT, xmaSewyobili tirilis aRmniSvneli unda
yofiliyo (174; II: 39-40). (Wan. m-gar//b-gar _ tirili;
megr. gar _ tirili, qarT. gl-ov _ datireba (141: 259).
`galoba~ axlomdgomia saerTo indoevropul formas-
Tan *gol(h)olg(h)ol. gamoTqmulia mosazreba rom musika-
luri insrumentebis aRmniSvneli saerTo indoevropu-
li sityvebi (maT Soris *gol(h)olg(h)ol) SeiZleba saweso
sagaloblebis, Cveulebriv, musikaluri Tanxlebis ma-
niSnebeli iyo. xeTurSi galgalturi _ cimbali an dasar-
tymeli sakravebis garkveuli saxesxvaoba; galgalinai, kal-

339
galinai wkriali, wkaruni, JRaruni, guguni, griali (sa-
ritualo simRera); godeba, moTqma; Zv. ind. grgara _
musikaluri instrumenti; saerTo slav. *golgol _ sit-
yva, metyveleba, JReradoba. zemoaRniSnuli sityvebi
saerTo indoevropulisaTvis reduplicirebuli Ziris
*g(h)olg(h)ol (SesaZlebelia bgeraTmimbaZvelobiTi xasia-
Tis) varaudis safuZvels iZleva (39: 837; 125: 16).
`ma~, `ma~ (megrulSi _ , , u) (67: 266)
mogvagonebs Zvel indoevropul termins *sHomen _ sim-
Rera, xeT. ihamai _ simRera, ihamai _ mRera ihamanatala
_ momRerali, Zv. ind. aman simRera, sagalobeli (39:
835). dadgenilia, rom *sHomen Zvel indoevropulSi ri-
tualur _ poeturi metyvelebis gamomxatveli termi-
nia, gansxvavebiT Cveulebrivi salaparako metyvelebi-
sagan (39: 835). sayuradReboa mosazreba Zv. egvipturi
terminis hmhm (reduplicirebuli Ziri) kavSiris Sesa-
xeb `xmasTan~. igi ikiTxeba rogorc `xma~ an `xam~ da
niSnavs: 1. xma, 2. yvirili, 3. sabrZolo yiJini (33). es
leqsikuri Tanxvedrebi, iqneb migvaniSnebdes `mis~,
rogorc musikaluri terminis bevrad ufro adre arse-
bobaze, vidre igi Zvel qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi
Cndeba.
aqve SevexebiT cekvis aRmniSvnel Zvel qarTul
termins `rokva~, romelic araerTgzis gvxvdeba qar-
Tul werilobiT ZeglebSi. dabadebis qarTul Tar-
gmanSi naTqvamia: `ganvidodes qalwulni rokviT mige-
gebad saul mefisa... galobdes da xldeboden winwi-
liTa sixarulisaTa da ebniTa~ (174, II: 45-46). gamoT-
qmulia mosazreba rokvis (=cekva, xtoma) kavSiris Se-
saxeb inglisur rock-Tan (=ryeva, qanaoba), romelsac
Sesatyvisobebi germanuli jgufis sxva enebSic moepo-
veba (95: 237). warmodgenili Zveli qarTuli terminebi,
Tundac mcireodeni, aranakleb mniSvnelovania qar-
Tveli xalxis eTnikuri istoriis sakiTxebis kvlevi-
saTvis.

340
 zemoxsenebuli monacemebidan Cans, rom kavkasia
odesRac winaaziuri musikaluri kulturis arealSi
Sedioda. imavdroulad yalibdeba lokaluri, kavkasi-
uri musikaluri kultura da misi variantebi. maT So-
ris erT-erTi maTgani kavkasiaSi mosaxle tomTaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli polifoniuri azrovnebiT aRiniSneba.
rac Seexeba qarTul-xmelTaSuazRvispirul ur-
TierTobebs, musikalur-eTnografiuli masalis ana-
lizma SesaZloa sayuradRebo Sedegebi mogvces. naTe-
saobis kvali Tavs iCens mravalxmiani saeklesio sa-
galoblebis harmoniaSi, romlis Zirebi xalxuri mu-
sikidan iRebs saTaves da am TvalsazrisiT aranakleb
sainteresoa kvlevisaTvis. qarTul-xmelTaSuazRvispi-
ruli mravalxmianobis erTobis dasabuTebis SemTxve-
vaSi, mravalxmianobis kerad, ueWvelia, kavkasia, ker-
Zod saqarTveloa sagulisxmo. xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT,
rom analizi qarTuli xalxuri simReris warmoSobis
Camoyalibebisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebis Tanmimdev-
rul, uwyvet suraTs iZleva, rac udavod niSnavs im-
as, rom qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi mravalxmia-
nobis Camoyalibeba-ganviTareba adgilobriv niadagze
mimdinareobda (81). niSandoblivia mosazreba imis Se-
saxeb, rom kavkasiur-mediteranuli mimarTebis didi
nawili, Zv. w. III-II aTaswleulTa mijnaze dawyebuli
kavkasiuri migraciebiT aixsneba. pelasgebi, romelnic
berZnuli miTologiuri tradiciis mixedviT Zv. w. II
aTaswleulis dasawyisidan Cndebian asparezze, arian
swored am emigrantTa memkvidreebi (50: 24). am mosaz-
rebas mxars uWers is garemoebac, rom qarTveluri
elementebi Tavs iCens ara mxolod egeidaSi, aramed
yvelgan, sadac tradiciis mixedviT gavrcelebulan,
maT Soris etruriaSic, razec etruskul enobriv ma-
salaSi qarTveluri tipis komponentis dadastureba
miuTiTebs (49).
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi saukuneTa man-
Zilze mimdinareobda aRmosavlur da dasavlur kul-
turaTa elementebis SemoRweva da gaTaviseba, magram

341
am procesSi qarTveluri kultura, romelic adgi-
lobriv niadagzea aRmocenebuli da Camoyalibebuli,
mudam substratis rols asrulebda (89: 321).
qarTul musikalur enaSi Taviseburad aisaxa
erovnuli cnobierebisa da saxelmwifoebriobis Camo-
yalibebis procesi, rac mkafiod Cans ara mxolod
qarTul xalxur musikaSi, aramed _ qarTul qristia-
nul saeklesio musikaSi. pirveli bizantiuri da qar-
Tuli nevmirebuli xelnawerebi X saukuniT TariRde-
ba. X-XI saukuneebis paleobizantiuri xelnawerebi
jerjerobiT gaSifruli ar aris. dRemde ar aris ga-
Sifruli agreTve qarTuli nevmuri damwerloba (si-
nas mTis qarTuli xelnawerebi, miqael modrekilis
sagalobelTa krebuli da sxv.). fiqroben, rom ebra-
ulma RvTismsaxurebam didi wvlili Seitana qristia-
nuli RvTismsaxurebis CamoyalibebaSi, rac musikis
Sesaxeb ar SeiZleba iTqvas. adreqristianuli musikis
safuZvels elinisturi aRmosavleTis tradiciaSi xe-
daven (55: 71-72, 85). simbiozuri elinisturi kulturis
SerwmiT aRmosavlur qristianobasTan, iqmneba bizan-
tiuri kulturuli tradiciebi, romlis sferoSi Se-
modian agreTve aRmosavluri qristianobis arealSi
moqceuli qveynebi, maT Soris saqarTvelo (40: 13-14).
arsebobs Sexeduleba, rom qarTuli saeklesio galo-
ba adreul qristianul xanaSi, swored pirvel qris-
tian ebraelTa sefarduli musikaluri tradiciebis
da kanonikuri hangebis damcveli unda yofiliyo (174;
II, 202; 34: 35, 49).
amgvar viTarebaSi sainteresoa rogor iqmneba
qarTuli erovnuli sagaloblebi. sakiTxTan dakavSi-
rebiT yuradRebas SevaCereb musikis arsis Sesaxeb di-
onise areopagelis da ioane petriwis ganmartebebze.
gamokvleulia, rom dionise areopagels musikis arsi
Semofargluli aqvs misterionuli SinaarsiT _ `saR-
mrToi igi galobai~. musikis eqvivalenturi gagebebia:
`galoba~, `qebismetyveleba~, `fsalmuneba~. musikis
zogadi cneba dasazRvrulia sasuliero musikiT, sae-

342
ro musika ki am cnebis gareT rCeba. ioane petriwma
`galobis~ da `simReris~ mravalsaukunovani cnebebi
`musikis~ erTiani ganzogadebuli cnebiT Secvala.
moxsna musikis Teologiuri interpretacia da igi
warmoadgina abstraqtuli `wminda~ saxiT. ioane pet-
riwisaTvis `erTi~ (pirvelarsi) aris pirvelmizezi
da Semoqmedi upirvelesi harmoniuli mSvenierebisa.
amgvarad, petriwis mixedviT `musikas~ moxsnili aqvs
dayofis mijnebi sasuliero da saero sferos Soris
(27: 166-182, 327-332).
ioane petriwis am naazrevs agreTve saxelmwifo-
ebrivi mniSvneloba unda hqonoda, radgan qarTul
qristianul RvTismsaxurebaSi sagaloblebi qarTuli
erovnuli cnobierebis gamomxatveli unda yofiliyo.
erovnuli sagaloblebi cariel adgilze ver Seiqmne-
boda, aramed mas safuZvlad unda dasdeboda qristia-
nobis winare xanidan momdinare musikalur-eTnikuri
monapovari, romelic odesRac qarTvelur tomebSi Ca-
moyalibda da sabolood qarTul eTnosSi damkvid-
rda, rogorc erovnuli fsiqologiis struqturuli
elementi.
aRmosavluri qristianoba qristianul rwmenas
warmarT xalxTa Soris adgilobriv enebze avrceleb-
da (40: 14). es, erTi mxriv, mniSvnelovani iyo im Tval-
sazrisiT, rom qritianuli RvTismsaxureba advilad
misawvdomi xdeboda sxvadasxva enebze molaparake
xalxebisaTvis, magram meore mxriv, qristianuli rwme-
nis gavrcelebis amgvar gzas arsebiTi mniSvneloba
unda hqonoda eTnikuri cnobierebisaTvis. aqedan ga-
momdinare, sametyvelo enis Sesatyvisad, qarTuli mu-
sikaluri ena, rogorc Cans, saqarTveloSi imTaviTve,
qristianobis gavrcelebis pirvelive saukuneebSi un-
da asaxuliyo saeklesio sagaloblebSi. aqve dav-
sZenT, rom uZvelesi droidan momdinare qarTulma
xalxurma terminebma _ `galoba~, `ma~, `kilo~ _ qar-
Tul qristianul RvTismsaxurebaSi saTanado adgili
daimkvidra.

343
 Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qritianobis winare xa-
nidan anu qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enidan momdina-
re hangebi iZenen im musikalur-eTnikur Taviseburebas,
romelic erovnuli fsiqologiis struqturuli ele-
mentia, cxadia, es hangebi safuZvlad unda dasdeboda
qarTul erovnul saeklesio sagaloblebs anu qarTul
profesiul musikas damoukideblad imisagan, Tu ra
funqciis matarebeli iyo igi qristianobis winare xana-
Si. aqedan gamomdinare sagulisxmoa, rom ioane petri-
wis mier `musikis~ cnebaSi farTo gagebis Cadeba da
misTvis dayofis (sasuliero da saero) mijnebis moxsna
dakavSirebuli iyo qarTul erovnul cnobierebasTan
da saxelmwifoebriobasTan (88: 404-405).
qarTvel profesional musikosTa anu himnograf-
Ta mizani qarTuli erovnuli sagaloblebis Seqmna
iyo. qarTuli musikaluri ena mravalxmiania da sagu-
lisxmoa, rom uZvelesi qarTuli erovnuli sagalob-
lebi agreTve mravalxmiani iyo. prokle diadoxosis
`kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTnis~ petriwiseul `komen-
tarebSi~ ioane petriwi wers: `samusikeloi rai rame-
Tu yovliTurT samosoi ars Cueni ese samoyusoi mor-
Tuli wmidisa mier sulisa, da eseca samTa mier
frTongTa, vity samTa dabamvaTa, romelTa mier Sei-
nawevrebis yoveli Seyovlebuli: mzaxr, Jir da bam,
rqmuli da ranive mrTvelobani ZalTa da xmaTani...~.
ioane petriwis es, da sxva msgavsi gamonaTqvamebi
mkvlevarTa mier sxvadasxvagvarad aris interpretire-
buli (ix. 27: 178-185). gasaziarebelia Tvalsazrisi,
romlis mixedviT samebis samgvarovnebisa da erTarse-
bis dasamtkiceblad petriws qarTuli musikis samxmi-
anoba aqvs gamoyenebuli da `mzaxr, Jir, da bam~ amis
amsaxvelia.
himnografiul krebulebSi sagaloblebi Caweri-
lia sanoto niSnebis anu nevmebis aRniSvniT, romle-
bic striqons zemoT da striqons qvemoT aris ganTav-
sebuli. gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva miqael modrekilis
`diadi naSromi~ `iadgari~ (978-988), sadac Tavmoyri-

344
lia IX-X saukuneebis liturgikuli literaturisa
da qarTuli himnografiis monapovari. krebulSi bi-
zantiuri himnografiis qarTulad gadmoRebul nimu-
SebTan erTad warmodgenilia originaluri saeklesio
sagaloblebi, Sedgenili qarTveli avtorebis mier _
ioane minCxi, ioane mtbevari, miqael modrekili, ezra,
ioane qonqozisZe, kurdana, stefane Wyondideli sana-
nosZe da sxv. mwyobr, Camoyalibebul sistemasTan er-
Tad Camoyalibda qarTul sagalobelTa daxvewili
formebi, musikalur niSanTa logikuri, kanonzomieri
Tanmimdevroba. sagalobelTa garkveuli monakveTebis
bolos sakandaso formulaTa arseboba, `xmaTa~ da
maTi variantebis ganmsazRvreli niSnebi, miuTiTeben
qarTuli musikaluri sistemis ganviTarebis xan-
grZliv gzaze (157: 244-248; 46: 406-417).
mogvianebiT, XVIII saukuneSi, qarTuli samusiko
damwerloba asoTa niSnebiT aRiniSneboda. sazogado
moRvawem, mecnierma da enciklopedistma ioane bagra-
tionma Seadgina `notismagvarni~ (samusiko anbani),
romelic asaxulia vokaluri da instrumentuli mu-
sikaluri niSnebis saxelmZRvaneloSi.
amgvarad qarTuli erovnuli sagaloblebi aTas-
wleulebis manZilze Camoyalibebuli qarTuli musi-
kaluri azrovnebis Sedegia. qarTuli himnografia,
romelmac arsebiTi roli Seasrula profesiuli mu-
sikis CamoyalibebaSi, erovnuli kulturis saganZuria
da eris TviTmyofadobis gamomxatveli.
qarTuli xalxuri da profesiuli (himnografia)
musikis ganviTarebisa da Camoyalibebis xangrZlivi
gza, romelic aTaswleulebs moicavs, Taviseburad
asaxavs qarTveli eris eTnikuri istoriis mniSvnelo-
van etapebs. qarTuli polifonia qarTvelTa mentali-
tetis da qarTvelobasTan identobis gamomxatvelia,
musikaluri monacemebiT qarTuli tradiciuli musi-
ka, misi mravalxmianoba (mravalxmianobis formebi)
ukavSirdeba kavkasiaSi mcxovreb monaTesave tomTagan
qarTveluri tomebis saxels, romlebic im uZveles

345
xanaSi farTo teritoriaze iyvnen ganfenilni. qar-
Tvelurma tomebma, romelTac istoriul-kulturuli
kavSirebi gaaCndaT rogorc aRmosavlur, ise dasav-
lur civilizaciebTan, mniSvnelovani roli Seasru-
les kavkasiuri civilizaciis CamoyalibebaSi.
qarTuli mravalxmianoba `UNESCO~-s mier aRia-
rebulia msoflio polifoniis Sedevrad. 1977 wels
`Cakrulo~ `NASA~-s mier gaigzavna kosmosSi.

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370
 GEORGIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC AND
NATIONAL AWARENESS

Georgia is a world of polyphonic music, in which three and four

voice song patterns are distinguished with their complex polyphonic
structure, with their peculiar, individual means of expression, with the
wide gamut of voices and harmonious tuning, and with their develo-
ped versatile bass, with numerous modulations and versatile cadencies
and codes, the wonderful and unique symphony is created which is
called the Georgian folk song. It is recognized as a masterpiece of
world culture.
The primary forms of Georgian musical ideas, the common
root-basic language and basic-tune was developed and formed in the
pre-Christian epoch, rituals reflected the faith and thoughts of Kar-
tvelian tribes, namely in the round dance and lamenting processes
associated with the cults of the astral and deceased. This can be seen
in numerous musical-ethnographic materials, which are used as a
historical source for studying the history of the Georgian culture. The
basic musical language, in which all the sound achievements are gat-
hered, is universal. It is located in a national area of a certain structure
and is distinguished by a phonological and morphological structure
that no other language has.
Infiltration of a basic tune in different spheres of everyday life
caused its semantic transformation. Through a certain form and con-
tents of a musical text and through a certain style of its performance,
we finally obtain qualitatively new and different song patterns in the
Georgian musical culture.
The history of Georgian folk songs speaks a great deal about the
material culture, among which the silver bowl from Trialeti (11 cen-
tury B.C.) is the most significant. This monument is important beca-
use on the bowl itself, some investigators discovered the composition
of the round dance. Numerous opinions and ideas have been expressed
about the plot reflected on it. According to one investigator, the ritual
composition of the bowl shows the episode of "Praising", a ritual
being preserved by mountaineers of East Georgia. After sharing this
opinion, it is significant to mention that the order and manner of the
standing of God's children before the Lord is thought to be in same
round dance order as the one made by the creator of this bowl. This is
371
important because the mountaineers of East Georgia reflected the rules
of the divine service in their social-religious life with a ritual round
dance song. It was sung by those being in service of the sanctuary.
The ritual compositions of the Trialeti silver bowl, connected to
the same period as the disintegration of the primitive communal
society, are considered to be the ethnic possessions of Kartvelian
tribes. If we take into account the age of the round dance, then it is
easy to imagine how simple the structure of the musical material is,
reflected in the round dance song during the development of society.
Georgian instruments originate from the same time period as
Georgian vocal music, their song melodies and tunes must be reflected
in instruments as old as the pipe. This instrument found in one of the
burials of Samtavro, dates back to the 14th to 15th century.
The ethnical culture, the specificity of which is found in the
psychical structure of the ethnos, has emerged as the basis of a certain
language. The same can be said about musical language, which comes
from colloquial language intonations. According to certain data, a
basic language among the Kartvelian languages was assumed to exist
anywhere between the 3rd and 4th centuries B.C. Syncretism of the
musical and colloquial languages in the earliest stages of musical
thinking, and the age of the basic tune and its place in everyday life
enables us to locate the origin of the common Kartvelian language in
the chronological time frame presented by researchers.
In polyphonic cultures, musical language embraces musical-
ethnical peculiarities, accepted by the integrity of the melodious-
international and harmonious elements, being formed in the process of
development of these elements. The oldest stage of Georgian polyp-
hony is the Origin of the burdonic (continuous bass) and complex
(parallel movement of the voices) forms in the bosom of the musical
base language.
The complex form of polyphony (three voices), the carrier of
which was the Georgian (Svan) population in West Georgia, served as
the basis for the musical culture of the West Georgian circle. Thus,
two big circles of the musical culture were formed: East Georgian and
West Georgian. Existence of the East and West Georgian transit
dialects and the development of musical thinking among the Georgian
people are associated with this significant period.

372
 Formation of the musical dialects or accents corresponds with
the differentiation of the Kartvelian ethnic groups, and the separate
ethnographic groups or formation of the districts. Musical dialects
emerged from the origin, which gradually broke up into comparatively
small units. Together with the growth of specific signs, the process of
differentiation among musical dialects deepened. The multiplicity of
the dialects or accents and most importantly, the melodious and
harmonious peculiarities of the structure of separate accents, created a
unique coloring of Georgian songs. This subsequently enriched the
general language of the Georgian musical language. It must be noted
that if the Megrelian and Svan languages developed into the Kartveli-
an languages, they still remained separated from the Kartvelian mu-
sical base, but only differing on the level of musical dialects.
In the Caucasus, the Georgian polyphony is spread throughout
the vast territory. For example, the Abkhazian, Adigean, Ossetian,
Chechen-lngushian, and partly Dagestanian musical data, the integrity
of their harmonious elements in the earliest stages of development,
and their forms of polyphony and typological similarities suggest the
existence of a common musical culture on the territory of the Cauca-
sus, the creation of which was the result of participation from the local
residents. It must be noted that unlike the paleo-Caucasian languages,
the Ossetian language belongs to the indo-European language family.
However, according to musical data, the substrate of the Ossetian
musical language is Caucasian, Georgian.
The musical material clearly presents the importance of the
Kartvelian tribes. It played a leading role in the formation of the
common Caucasian musical culture and its further development within
the Caucasian musical and harmonious thinking. It is remarkable that
in that remote period, the Kartvelian tribes were spread throughout
vast territories and within the musical thinking of these tribes, the
polyphony served as the basis in the formation of all Caucasian mu-
sical culture. The differentiation of these cultures occurred a bit later.
This process was completed by the formation of the northern Cauca-
sian musical languages relative to Georgian.
The area of spreading the relative tribes mentioned under the
Kartvelian name gradually became limited. It is significant to mention
that the musical thinking of the above-mentioned tribes derived from

373
Georgian musical thinking, being in close relations with the northern
Caucasian musical languages and having close historical-cultural ties.
The close historical and cultural contacts of the Georgian people
with the oldest population of western Asia are reflected in the oldest
layers of musical thinking, as well as in the instruments and musical
terminology. Harp-like instruments, such as the Georgian (Svan)
Changi found after the archeological excavations in Kazbegi and
Uplistsikhe was determined to be a relative to the Sumerian harp and
dates back to the 4rd-3th millennium B.C. The string instrument ebani
is similar to the archaic name of the Sumerian harp, "PAN" or "BAN
(bow). From ancient times in Egypt, it was known as ban/ben The
long necked instrument PANTUR, developed from the bow-like harp
and with the meaning of "small bow, was known under the name of
pandir in Armenia and panduri in Georgia.
Closeness with the western Asian world was reflected in the
oldest layers of musical samples of the Georgian ritual round-dance
song _ "Iavnana". "Iavnana is one of the components connected with
the children's infectious disease ritual. According to archeological da-
ta, the development of the formation of Nana's cult as the goddess of
furtility is assumed in tile Neolith and Eneolith epochs. The beliefs
and images connected with infectious diseases were developed in the
period of formation of the astral cult. During the age of polytheism, at
a time in which the religion of the Georgian people was based on sun
and plant flora worship, the cult of the great mother was especially
significant.
The melody of the "Iavnana" is seen in separate samples of
Azerbaijani and Armenian songs.
Common phrases in the Urartian language _ "Ivri Alale"
(Lord" or "Master"), Tari (big or great), "Alale" or "Ari" (give me or
give us) are frequently found in Georgian refrains. These phrases are
particularly common in the songs from the East Georgian valley.
The small but important material presented here reflects the
Georgian-West Asian relations of the remote epoch. From the musical
data we can determine that the Caucasus was within the West Asian
musical culture area at one time and was organically connected to it.
During the same period, the local Caucasian variant of this culture was

374
formed, the emergence of which was connected to the Caucasus with
the formation of polyphony.
As for the Georgian and Mediterranean Sea relations, the ana-
lysis of the musical-ethnographical material gives us important results.
In the case of proving the commonality between the Georgian and
Mediterranean polyphony, the hearth of the polyphony will be con-
sidered the Caucasus and namely Georgia. We'd like to emphasize the
fact that the analysis of the origin of the formation of Georgian songs
and their further development gives us a continuous sequence. In other
words, Georgian folk music, and the formation and development of its
polyphonic songs, occurred at a local level.
In the Georgian musical language, the process of the formation
of national awareness and statehood was reflected in certain aspects,
as seen in the Georgian Christian music.
The first Byzantine and Georgian manuscripts are dated from the
tenth century. The paleo-Byzantine manuscripts of the 10th to 11th cen-
turies have not been decoded up until today. The Georgian neumic
writing are also not decoded (the Georgian manuscripts of the Sinai
Mountain, collection of the chorals by Mikael Modrekili etc). Resear-
chers think that the Hebraic church service played an important role in
developing the Georgian church service, which is not true. The basis of
early Christian music is seen in the traditions of the Hellenistic East.
According to researchers, through the mingling of symbiotic
Hellenistic culture with eastern Christianity, the Byzantine cultural
traditions were formed, some of which are now Christian countries,
such as Georgia.
The process of formation of the Georgian national chorals in
similar circumstances is extremely interesting. Concerning the prob-
lem, the explanations of the essence of music given by Diony-
sius Areopagita and Joanne Petritsi will be given as an example. It
was studied that Dionysius Areopagita limited the essence of music
with the mysterious plot _ "Chant Divine". The equivalent understan-
dding of music is: "Chant", "Praise," "Psalms." The general notion of
music is limited by religious music, and secular music remains beyond
this notion. Joanne Petritsi changed this long held belief of "Chant"
and "Song" with the integral generalized notion of music. He aboli-
shed the theological interpretation of music and presented it in its ab-
stract, pure form. For Joanne Petritsi, "one" (essence of the origin)
375
was the first reason and creator of the high harmonious beauty. Thus,
according to Petritsi, "music" has no boundaries in the division of spi-
ritual and secular spheres.
Joane Petritsi's idea must have been significant for the State, as
it had to express the consciousness of the Georgian people in divine
Christian service. The national chorals could not have emerged in an
empty place. The basis must have come from pre-Christian ethnic mu-
sic, which at some time formed among the Kartvelian tribes and fina-
lly settled in the Georgian ethnos, as the structural element of national
psychology.
Eastern Christianity spread the Christian religion among page-
ant populations in their local languages. From one aspect, it was inter-
esting, as the Christian divine service was easily accessible for people
speaking different languages, but on the other hand, this way of sprea-
ding Christianity was important for ethnic awareness. Arising out of
this fact was the Georgian musical language in correspondence with
the colloquial language, which must have been reflected in the church
chorals in the first centuries of spreading Christianity in Georgia?
If we maintain the fact that from the pre-Christian period or from
the beginning of the Kartvelian musical basic-language, the tunes acquire
an ethnic peculiarity musically, then it is obvious and natural that these
tunes must comprise the basis for the Georgian national church chorals or
the Georgian professional music _ regardless of the role they played in
the pre-Christian epoch. Thus, given the wide meaning to the notion of
"'music," by Joane Petritsi and abolishing the borders of its division
(spiritual and secular), the connection to the Georgian national awareness
and statehood can be seen.
The aim of Georgian musicians or hymnography was to create
chorals. The Georgian musical language was polyphonic and it is
worth mentioning that the Georgian national chorals were polyphonic
as well. In the "Comments" of the "Connections of Divinity," by Prok-
los Diadochos made by Petritsi, the latter wrote: "Our music with its
essence is ornamented by the Holy Spirit and these three united are:
Mzachr, zhir and bam regulating the voices and strength..." However,
similar statements made by Jaonne Petritsi are inferred differently by
interpreters. I agree with the opinion, that for proving the nature of the

376
Trinity _ Three in one, Joanne Petritsi uses the three voice structure of
the Georgian music and "mzachr, zhir and bam" to reflect this.
Together with the ordered, shaped system, the refined forms of
the Georgian chorals were developed. The logical, regulatory sequen-
ce of the musical signs, the existence of the cadence formulas at the
end of certain parts, and the specifying signs of the voices and their
variants pointed to the long period of development of the Georgian
musical system.
Later, in the 18th century, Georgian music composition was deno-
ted with the signs of letters. The public figure, scientist and encyclopedist,
loane Bagrationi, compiled note signs (Musical alphabet), which is shown
in the text-book of vocal and instrumental musical signs.
Thus, the Georgian national chorals are the result of Georgian
musical thinking, developed across centuries. The Georgian hymnog-
raphy, which played an essential part in the development of professio-
nal music, is the treasury of the national culture and expresses the ori-
ginality of the nation.
Finally, the long period of development and formation of the
Georgian folk and professional (hymnography) music over the centu-
ries reflects the important stages of the ethnic history of the Georgian
nation. According to musical data, and Georgian traditional music, its
polyphony is connected to the kindred tribes living in the Caucasus, or
the Kartvelian tribes spread throughout the vast territories in ancient
periods. Having historical-cultural ties with both the Oriental and
Western civilizations played an important role in the process of the
development of the Caucasian civilization.

377
 g a m o x m a u r e b a

nino maisuraZe

nino RambaSiZe _ `mze Sina da mze gareTa~

cnobilia, rom Sexedulebebi qveynierebis agebu-

lebis Sesaxeb emyareba empiriul praqtikaSi istoriu-
lad SemuSavebul codnas. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba
sivrcis organizaciis Sesaxeb arsebul warmodgeneb-
Si, romelTa moqmedeba ZiriTadad religiur-miTolo-
giur SexedulebebSi vlindeba. sivrcis gaazrebis
erT-erTi Teoria samyaros centrSi ayenebs indivi-
dums, romelic socialur jgufTan mTlianobaSi un-
da ganixilebodes. mas gars artyia Secnobili, mowes-
rigebuli garemo, xolo am ukanasknels ki, Seucnoba-
di, SeuRwevadi sivrce. `Sina~ mowesrigebuli, socia-
luri erTeulis Tvalsawierze ganlagebuli terito-
riaa, romelic horizontis saxiT esazRvreba `gares~,
qaoss, stiqiaTa araorganizebulad gamovlenis aspa-
rezs. misi mowesrigebis, kreaciis procesi miTosur
droSi mimdinareobs. am process RvTaebebi axorcie-
leben. mouwesrigebeli, arasocialuri sivrcis qceva
socialurad, anu kulturis dadgena bunebaSi, sakra-
luri aqciaa, romelic moaswavebs qaosidan axali,
Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli garemos Seqmnas, ris Sede-
gad qaosi iqceva kosmosad, uxilavi xilulad. qaosis
kosmosad qceva, e. i. araorganizebuli materiis siv-
rceSi mowesrigeba, qveynierebis Seqmnis miTosur saw-
yiss warmogvidgens. `Sina~ socialuri jgufisa da in-
dividis saarsebo, mowesrigebuli sivrcea, romelic
iseve upirispirdeba `gares~, rogorc kosmosi qaoss.
`gares~ gaazrebaSi SenarCunebulia `qaosuri~ buneba
da amitom Tu `Sina~ sakraluri da wmindaa, `gare~ Se-
iZleba uwminduri da mavne iyos. amitom am or samya-
ros Soris gardauvali urTierToba garkveuli wesiT

378
xorcieldeba, rac gamoixateba sagangebo ritualuri
moqmedebiT. am ritualebSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-
loba eniWeba imitacias, ganwmendas da a. S., romelTa
mizania ucxo niSanTa nivelireba, e. i. konfliqturi
situaciis mospoba (i. surgulaZe). amgvar ritualTa
Soris sayuradReboa `mze Sina da mze gareTa~, rome-
lic uZvelesi droidan momdinare saweso-saferxulo
simReraa. masSi daleqilia rwmena-warmodgenebis mra-
vali Sre, romelsac kavSiri aqvs arqaul kosmogoni-
asTan da religiasTan. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT did
interess iwvevs istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, eT-
nologis nino RambaSiZis naSromi `mze Sina da mze
gareTa~, romelic simReris eTnologiuri aspeqtiT
kvlevis samagaliTo nimuSia. gansakuTrebiT sayurad-
Reboa sakiTxisadmi diferencirebuli midgoma: Tana-
mimdevrulad aris ganxiluli xalxuri zepirsityvie-
rebis, musikalur-folkloruli, eTnografiuli da
eTnomusikologiuri monacemebi. garkveulia, rom `mze
Sina~ ara mxolod bavSvis dabadebasTan, ZeobasTan
dakavSirebuli ritualia, aramed saweso-saferxulo
simReris saxiT religiuri dResaswaulebis mniSvne-
lovani komponentia, romelic melodiur-intonaciuri
da harmoniuli azrovnebis ganviTarebis erT-erTi uZ-
velesi etapia. nino RambaSiZis yuradRebis centrSi
moeqca simReris sityvier teqstebSi arsebuli termi-
nebi `Sin~ da `gare~ (`mze Sina da mze gareTa, mzev
Sin Semodio...~). kerZod, leqsis mTqmeli mzes garedan
Sin Semosvlas SesTxovs, radgan mze sinaTlis, siT-
bos da sicocxlis energiis mimniWebelia. mkvlevris
azriT terminebi `Sin~ da `gare~ am SemTxvevaSi, seman-
tikurad kosmosis da qaosis gamomxatvelia. misi ga-
gebiT `Sina~ kosmosia, mowesrigebuli da kulturuli
garemo, mas `samzeosac~ uwodeben. mze ki aris is, rac
kosmoss qaosisagan gamohyofs. interess iwvevs avto-
ris mier mikvleuli leqsis erT-erTi varianti, rom-
lis Sinaarsi Semdegia: Camavali mze frinveliviT
jdeba budeSi da mTvaris amosvlis Jams oqros

379
kvercxs debs (`mze CaRma Camavalia, // Cava Cajdeba bu-
desa, // oqrosi kvercxi daudevs...~). leqsis am varian-
tis Semqmnelis miTo-poeturma azrovnebam mocimcime
mze frinvelad warmoidgina, romelic manaTobel as-
tralur RvTaebad unda iqces. avtori paralels av-
lebs miTiur ixvTan, igive gedTan, romelic mzis
frinveli da misi simboloa. aqedan gamomdinare, igi
im daskvnamde midis, rom qarTulma msoflmxedvelo-
bam Semoinaxa miTi kosmiuri kvercxis Sesaxeb, rome-
lic mravali xalxis miTosSi Sobs samyaros, Semoq-
meds da kulturul gmirs _ demiurgs an kacobrio-
bas. amgvarad, nino RambaSiZem samyaros Seqmnis qarTu-
li versiis arseboba daadgina.
ra kavSiri aqvs `mze Sinaos~ mzis qalRvTaebis,
didi deda nanas kultTan? `mze Sinaos~ musikaluri
teqstebi didi deda nanasadmi miZRvnili saweso sa-
ferxulo sagaloblis `iavnanas~ intonaciur areSi
Sedis da genetikurad saerTo-qarTvelur musikalur
fuZe-enas ukavSirdeba. RvTaeba nanasTan dakavSirebu-
li ritualebi SemuSavebuli unda yofiliyo astra-
luri kultebis arsebobis xanaSi, poliTeizmis im sa-
fexurze, rodesac qarTvelTa religiis istoriaSi,
mcenareulis da mzis Tayvaniscemis safuZvelze aRmo-
cenebuli didi dedis, RvTaebrivi dedis kulti uaRre-
sad ganviTarebuli iyo. ritualSi, romelic srulde-
ba avadmyofTan, nino RambaSiZe xedavs RvTaeba nanas-
Tan dakavSirebuli miTologiuri gadmocemebis sarki-
sebur asaxvas. avtoris azriT, ritualsa da sityvieri
teqstis variantebSi mzis qalRvTaeba didi deda nana
warmoCenilia rogorc sicocxlis, nayofierebis da
aRorZinebis RvTaeba, rac agreTve gamosWvivis `mze Si-
naos~ melodiis Tanmxleb sityvier teqstebSi. aqve Se-
vniSnav, rom gamovlenilia teqstebi, sadac saubaria
alvis xeze axveul maRlar vazze anu sicocxlis xe-
ze, romlis nayofi ukvdavebis mimniWebelia.
`mze Sinaos~ da `iavnanas~ SedarebiTi analizis
safuZvelze mkvlevari ganamtkicebs mosazrebas imis Se-

380
saxeb, rom `miTis ena sazogadoebis mexsierebaa~. es
aris gza, romliTac RvTaebrivi realur samyaroSi Se-
modis, rac aCens da afuZnebs sofels, adamianur isto-
rias aZlevs sazriss, akavSirebs warsuls, awmyos da
momavals. avtori asabuTebs, rom qarTulSi arsebuli
kosmogoniuri miTi `mze Sinaos~ da mzesTan dakavSire-
bul folklorul teqstebSia mocemuli. man SeZlo
sistemaSi moeyvana simRerebis Tanmxleb sityvier teq-
stebSi asaxuli rwmena-warmodgenebi samyaros Sesaxeb.
sayuradReboa nino RambaSiZis varaudi, rom `mze
Sinao~, rogorc uZvelesi droidan momdinare wriuli
saweso saferxulo simRera, Tavdapirvelad wlis da-
sawyisis, mzis dabadebis, axalwlis dResaswaulis
ritualis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponenti unda
yofiliyo. niSandoblivia, rom axalwels sruldebo-
da rituali, romlis drosac kosmogoniuri aqti aq-
tualuri xdeboda; ferxuliT, romelic mzis simbo-
luri gamoxatuleba iyo, axldeboda praimordialuri
dro, mtkicdeboda miwis da cis kavSiri, maT Soris
myardeboda harmonia. avtoris es mosazrebebi dasabu-
Tebulia uxvi eTnografiuli masaliT. am Tvalsazri-
siT sayuradReboa magaliTad, samegreloSi, `Wvenie-
robis~ dResaswaulze, `kirileisonTan~ erTad, `mze
Sinaos~ Sesrulebis wesi. mkvlevris ganmartebiT `Wve-
nieroba~, Tavis mxriv, `kapunobis~ dResaswaulTan iyo
dakavSirebuli. `kapunoba~ uzenaes warmarTul RvTae-
bas eZRvneboda. igi axalwlis dResaswauli unda yo-
filiyo, romlis drosac mze//RvTaebas Sin dabrune-
bas SesTxovdnen.
avtoris farTo erudiciam da profesionalizmma
ganapiroba iseTi saintereso da qarTvelTa uZvelesi
rwmena-warmodgenebis amsaxveli naSromis Seqmna, ro-
goric aris `mze Sina da mze gareTa~. simReris mra-
valmxrivi Seswavlis safuZvelze, man gviCvena Soreu-
li warsulidan momdinare sazogadoebis socialuri
da kulturuli ganviTarebis done, qarTveluri tome-
bis msoflmxedveloba, Sexedulebebi samyaroze. eT-

381
nografiuli, miTologiuri da enobrivi monacemebis
SejerebiT mkvlevarma SeZlo warmarTuli xanidan
momdinare ritualebis da wes-Cveulebebis erT-erTi
uZvelesi plastis rekonstruqcia. aqve davsZen, rom
nino RambaSiZe avtoria araerTi sayuradRebo naSro-
mis, maT Soris _ ukanasknel xans gamocemuli wignis
`qarTuli xalxuri saeklesio da xalxuri dResaswa-
ulebi (Tbilisi, 2010), sadac aSkarad moCans xalxuri
da qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis urTierTSeRwevis
procesi.
nino RambaSiZe erT-erTi gamorCeuli eTnologi
da qarTveli xalxis religiis istoriis SesaniSnavi
mkvlevaria. amJamad igi samecniero moRvaweobas eweva
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis da eTnologiis
institutSi, agreTve warmatebiT kiTxulobs leqciebs
eTnologiaSi Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelo-
bis saxelmwifo konservatoriis musikaluri fol-
kloris kaTedraze.

382
 giorgi gociriZe

qarTuli xalxuri musikis eTnologiuri

kvlevis saTaveebTan

musika qarTveli xalxis kulturul memkvidreo-

baSi erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri, unikaluri da ganume-
orebeli fenomenia. misi fesvebi Soreul warsulSia
saZiebeli da sazogadoebis ganviTarebis adreul sa-
fexurebs ukavSirdeba. xalxuri simRera eris sulie-
ri saganZuria, igi xelTuqmneli Sedevria, Taobidan
Taobas rom gadaecema. amasTan dakavSirebiT ar SeiZle-
ba ar gagaxsendes, didi qarTveli istorikosi, qarTve-
li eris istoriis mkvlevari iv. javaxiSvili, romel-
mac qarTuli musikis istoriis Seswavla qveynis war-
sulis warmoCenas da mis momavals daukavSira. am Te-
mas man sagangebo gamokvleva miuZRvna, Tumca unda
iTqvas, rom qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri memkvidre-
obiT, xalxuri simRerebiT, sagaloblebiT da sakra-
vebiT daintereseba CvenSi XIX saukunis meore naxevri-
dan iwyeba, roca sazogadoebriv asparezze didi ilia
WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, rafiel erisTavi da sxvebi
gamovidnen. im droidan moyolebuli qarTuli musikis
mkvlevarTa, kompozitorTa da sazogado moRvaweTa mi-
er fasdaudebeli samuSaoebia Catarebuli qarTuli mu-
sikaluri folklorisa Tu sasuliero musikis (himnog-
rafia) Seswavlisa da fiqsaciis saqmeSi (d. arayiSvili,
S. aslaniSvili, gr. CxikvaZe da sxv.). maT naSromebze
aRizardnen folkloristTa momavali Taobebi, romle-
bic dResac warmatebiT moRvaweoben v. sarajiSvilis
sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriaSi musikalu-
ri folkloris Tu sasuliero musikis sferoSi. am
mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia xelovnebis damsaxu-
rebuli moRvawis evsevi WoxoneliZis Rvawli.
rogorc eTnologma minda visaubro qarTuli
xalxuri musikis eTnologiuri kvlevis mimarTuleba-
ze, romelic arsebiTad gansxvavdeba folkloruli

383
kvlevisagan da romelsac safuZveli saqarTveloSi
qarTuli eTnologiuri skolis fuZemdebelma akad.
giorgi Citaiam gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi Cauya-
ra. aqve davsZen, rom XX saukunis 40-50-ian wlebSi, iv.
javaxiSvilis sax. istoriis, arqeologiis da eTnogra-
fiis institutis eTnografiis ganyofilebaSi, musika-
luri folkloris mimarTulebiT muSaobdnen cnobili
musikismcodneebi da kompozitorebi, dimitri arayiSi-
li, Salva aslaniSvili, grigol CxikvaZe, Tamar mama-
laZe da sxv., romlebmac mniSvnelovani naSromebi Seq-
mnes qarTuli xalxur musikis istoriaSi. T. mamalaZem
SesaniSnavi monografia dagvitova Sromis kaxur simRe-
rebze.
giorgi Citaias kargad esmoda, rom xalxuri mu-
sikis Zirebi, misi sawyisebi yofiTi kulturis qvakuT-
xedSi iyo moqceuli da iqidan ganviTarebuli, da
rom qarTveli xalxis sulierebis es didi saganZuri,
yofiTi, eTnografiuli realiebidan iyo nasazrdoebi.
amitom aris qarTuli xalxuri simRera aseTi Zlieri,
mgznebare, Rrma Sinaarsis mqone da ganumeorebeli.
qarTveli glexi mReroda maSin, roca is miwas xnavda
da guTneulSi idga, mReroda roca yanas Toxnida da
venaxs uvlida, mReroda roca mosavali mohyavda da
roca lxinobda. amasTan mis xmaSi, omaxian bgerasTan
erTad, raRac sevdanarevi motivebi JRerda. es hangebi
RvTisadmi aRvlenili ocnebisa da locvis gamomxat-
veli iyo, didi saTnoebiT, rudunebiTa da sifaqiziT
rom CamoiZerwa qarTuli simRerebis mravalferovan
palitraSi, romelic qarTuli sulis, mentalobis da
identobis gamomxatvel simbolod iqca.
rogorc ukve iTqva, XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi
giorgi Citaias iniciativiT safuZveli Caeyara qarTu-
li musikaluri memkvidreobis eTnologiuri kuTxiT
Seswavlas. igi folkloruli kvlevisagan gansxvave-
bul midgomas moiTxovda. am mxriv nino (nanuli) mai-
suraZe qarTvel eTnomusikologTa pirveli Taobis
warmomadgenelia, romelsac 1983 w. samecniero xaris-

384
xebis mimniWebelma umaRlesma saatestato komisiam is-
toriis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi da profeso-
ris wodeba ori specialobiT mianiWa _ 1. eTnologia
da 2. musikismcodneoba.
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis, arqeo-
logiisa da eTnografiis institutSi nino maisuraZe
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis istoriis fa-
kultetis damTavrebis Semdeg movida da rogorc
axalgazrda mecnierma imTaviTve miiqcia specialiste-
bis yuradReba. misi, rogorc mkvlevaris pirveli na-
bijebi uSualod daukavSirda eTnologiuri dargis
60-70-iani wlebis saqmianobas, im didi kompleqsuri
eTnografiuli eqspediciebis muSaobas, romlis xel-
mZRvanelebi misive maswavleblebi akad. giorgi Citaia
da prof. vera bardaveliZe iyvnen. isini intensiurad
swavlobdnen saqarTvelos mTisa da baris proble-
mebs. q-n ninos bedma arguna imTaviTve prof. v. barda-
veliZis gverdiT yofna. wlebis manZilze misi xeli-
Taa Cawerili da klasificirebuli q-ni veras mier
socialur-religiur sakiTxebze moZiebuli unikalu-
ri eTnografiuli masala fSavSi, xevsureTSi, TuSeT-
Si, mTiuleTsa da gudamayarSi, xevSi, svaneTsa da
CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi. mTel am savele da saarqivo
eTnografiuli masalis laboratoriul damuSavebas
qalbatoni vera mas andobda. dRes es zRva masala,
romelic inaxeba iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eT-
nologiis institutis arqivSi, safuZvlad udevs
mTel rig fundamentur gamokvlevebs.
roca akad. giorgi Citaias winadadebiT nino maisu-
raZem eTnomusikologiaSi muSaoba gadawvita, saWiro
gaxda misi rogorc musikismcodnis kvalifikaciis amaR-
leba. miT umetes, rom mas saSualo skolis paralelu-
rad damTavrebuli hqonda Tbilisis IV musikaluri
saswavlebeli. amitom musikismcodneobis specialuri
kursi Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo kon-
servatoriaSi gaiara. mas cota mogvianebiT SeuerTdnen
manana SilakaZe, simon (soso) WanturiSvili, ina xaSba

385
da meri xaSba (soxumis gulias sax. enis, literaturis
da istoriis institutidan), SemdegSi istoriis mecnie-
rebaTa doqtorebi. ina xaSba pirveli iyo afxaz mecni-
erTagan, vinc daicva sakandidato disertacia afxazu-
ri xalxuri musikaluri sakravebis Sesaxeb.
amis Semdeg nino maisuraZe SesaSuri energiiT ag-
rZelebs kvleviT saqmianobas da swavlobs qarTuli
xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis uZveles etapebs, ad-
gens mis eTnikur Taviseburebebs da ganixilavs mas
qarTveli xalxis eTnikur istoriasTan kavSirSi, ra-
sac aTeuli weli Sealia da dargis TvalsaCino mec-
nieri gaxda. warmatebasTan erTad mas araerTi dab-
rkolebis da winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva mouxda. mTa-
vari mainc is iyo, rom musikaluri eTnologia (eTno-
musikologia) unda damkvidrebuliyo rogorc dargi
da kvlevis Sedegebi farTo samecniero mimoqcevaSi
Sesuliyo, rac warmatebiT ganxorcielda kidec. ami-
tom ityvis cota mogvianebiT (sadoqtoro disertaci-
is dacvis dros) misi oponenti, msoflioSi aRiarebu-
li eTnomusikologi prof. izali zemcovski: `n. mai-
suraZis disertacia, yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe,
eZRvneba msxvil samecniero Temas, me vityodi, yvela mu-
sikaluri eTnografisaTvis sanukvar Temas. swored eT-
nikuri problematika unda iyos kulminaciuri eTnomu-
sikologiur gamokvlevebSi. aq aris Tavmoyrili Cveni
disciplinis mTavari istoriuli gamarTleba, misi so-
cialuri paTosi. eTnikuri istoriis Seswavlisas musi-
kis gaTvaliswineba axali saqmea, praqtikulad daumuSa-
vebeli. gamonaklisia statiebis saxiT TiTze CamosaT-
vleli publikaciebi. arc erTi monografia ar arse-
bobs mocemul disertaciasTan axlos mdgomi. mis av-
tors gauvali bilikebiT mouxda siaruli... n. maisura-
Zem gamoamJRavna araCveulebrivi mecnieruli gambedao-
ba, aiRo ra aseTi yovlismomcveli Tema _ aqtualuri
da novatoruli, WeSmaritad Tema Rirsi sadoqtoro di-
sertaciisa... gasagebia, rom mecnieruli Sromis srul-

386
yofas ara aqvs dasasruli, gansakuTrebiT aseTi pione-
ruli Temisa~ (stili daculia).
n. maisuraZem Seqmna axali etapi qarTuli eTno-
musikologiis ganviTarebaSi, amave dros es aris kuT-
vnili wvlili zogadad musikaluri kulturis isto-
riaSi. Znelia sruliad isaubro yvela im miRwevasa
da warmatebaze, rac n. maisuraZes ukavSirdeba, magram
saWirod vTvli ramdenime momentze SevCerde:
ra aris qarTuli xalxuri simRera, saidan iRebs
igi saTaves? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad movitan
erT amonarids nino maisuraZis naSromidan: `xalxuri
simRera sayofacxovrebo tradiciis wiaRSi Cndeba da
yalibdeba. igi garkveuli Sinaarsis Semcvelia da yo-
fis calkeuli mxareebis amsaxveli. simRera moicavs
ara mxolod musikalur, aramed sityvier teqsts. maT
Soris mWidro intonaciuri da Rrma Sinaarsobrivi
urTierTkavSiri arsebobs. niSandoblivia, rom simRe-
ra gulisxmobs `leqsis damRerebiT Tqmas~. simRera,
rogorc sayofacxovrebo tradiciis erT-erTi mniS-
vnelovani komponenti, masTan uSualo kavSirSi gaiaz-
reba. tradicia gansazRvravs simReris Sesrulebis
wess, xasiaTs da, SesaZloa, mis asaksac. Tavis mxriv,
simReris xniereba Sesabamisi tradiciis asakis ganmsaz-
Rvrelia~. am interpretaciidan gamomdinare, xalxur sa-
musiko nimuSebs mkvlevarma musikalur-eTnografiuli
masalis mniSvneloba mianiWa. simReris, rogorc sulie-
ri kulturis organul nawils, yofis sxva komponen-
tebTan SedarebiT, meti mdgradoba da konservatuloba
axasiaTebs. n. maisuraZem musikaluri ena sametyvelo
enis analogiurad, eTnosis, rogorc socialuri orga-
nizmis erT-erT ZiriTad maxasiaTebel niSnad miiCnia.
aqedan gamomdinare eTnikuri istoriis, eTnogenetikuri
problemebis kvlevisaTvis xalxuri musika, misi ganmar-
tebiT, istoriuli wyaros mniSvnelobas iZens. mas ekuT-
vnis musikaluri eTnologiis Semdegi gansazRvra:
`xalxur musikas istoriul-eTnologiur aspeqtSi musi-
kaluri eTnologia Seiswavlis. musikaluri eTnolo-

387
gia, musikaluri monacemebiT eTnosis mecnierul Ses-
wavlas gulisxmobs. musikaluri eTnologiis kvlevis
amocanebia xalxuri musikis kulturul-yofiTi da eT-
nikuri funqciebis gamovlena, eTnokulturuli da eT-
nogenetikuri problemebis kvleva~.
musikaluri ena mWidro kavSirSia sametyvelo
enasTan. dadgenilia, rom musikaluri enis Camoyali-
bebam sametyvelo enasTan erTad xangrZlivi ganviTa-
rebis gza ganvlo. amave dros utyuari faqtia isic,
rom metyveleba da musika, orive adamianis rafinire-
buli azrovnebis Sedegia. amdenad, kulturis es ori
elementi, romelic bgeriT gamoixateba naTlad war-
mosaxavs adamianis sulier samyaros, mis gancdas,
grZnobas, xasiaTs. mkvlevari wers: musikaluri enis
Camoyalibeba uSualo kavSirSia geografiul garemos-
Tan, socialur fsiqologiasTan, esTetikasTan da,
rac mTavaria, musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
adreul safexurebze, metyvelebis bgeraTa akustikur-
ma (smeniTma) da fiziologiurma (artikulaciurma) Ta-
viseburebebma, intonaciurma mxarem gadamwyveti roli
Seasrula musikalur-intonaciuri azrobrivi erTeu-
lis _ fuZe-hangis anu fuZe-enis CamoyalibebaSi. niSan-
doblivia isic, rom sxva enobrivi samyarodan odes-
Rac SeTvisebuli sityvebi qarTveluri enebis intona-
ciur areSi moeqca da adgilobrivi xasiaTis cvlile-
bebi ganicada. es Tema uaRresad mniSvnelovania musi-
kaluri enis gansazRvrisaTvis.
rogorc cnobilia, magiuri qmedebebi (e. i. ritua-
lebi) musikaluri intonirebis safuZvelia. amasTan igi
damaxasiaTebeli faqtoria sametyvelo enidan musika-
lur enaze gadasvlis gardamavali safexurisaTvis. q-n
ninom siRrmiseulad Seiswavla qarTveli xalxis musi-
kaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis pirveladi formebi,
qarTvelur tomTa saerTo musikaluri fuZe-enis, fuZe-
hangis eTnikuri Taviseburebebi, romlebic Tavis mxriv
qristianobis winare xanis rwmena-warmodgenebidan da
ritualebidan iRebs saTaves. zemoxsenebuli uZvelesi

388
plasti astralur da micvalebulis kultebTan dakav-
Sirebul saferxuloebsa da xmiT natirlebSi aisaxa.
aseTive arqauli plasti Cans yofaSi dRemde SemorCe-
nil `akvnis nanebSi~, sadac aSkarad vlindeba genetiku-
ri kavSiris arseboba samgloviaro, saferxulo da, na-
wilobriv istoriul-sagmiro simRerebTan. aRsaniSnavia,
rom q-ni ninos mier eTnomusikologiaSi pirvelad iqna
Semotanili termini `musikaluri fuZe-ena~ (`saerTo-
qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe ena~).
nino maisuraZisaTvis polifoniuri azrovneba qar-
TvelTa fsiqikis struqturuli elementia. misi dakvir-
vebiT qarTuli mravalxmianobis safuZveli musikalur
fuZe-enaSi hangis damaboloebeli ritmulad myari say-
rdeni bgeris gaazrebaa banis saxiT anu dasabami eZle-
va mravalxmianobis burdonul formas... `qarTuli mra-
valxmianobis erT-erTi uZvelesi etapia musikaluri
fuZe-enis wiaRSi burdonuli mravalxmianobis Semdeg
mravalxmianobis kompleqsuri formis Camoyalibeba,
rac qronologiurad musikaluri fuZe-enis arsebobis
xanas ukavSirdeba~. am daskvniT mkvlevarma qarTuli
mravalxmianobis xniereba gansazRvra da, amasTanave, sa-
erTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-enis arseboba qar-
Tvelur enaTa fuZe-enis arsebobis xanas daukavSira;
musikaluri monacemebiT aCvena erToblivi qarTveluri
eTnosis arseboba. daadgina, rom musikaluri dialeqte-
bis Camoyalibeba esatyviseba qarTveluri eTnikuri
jgufis diferenciacias, calkeuli kuTxeebis Camoyali-
bebas. istoriuli wyaroebis da musikalur-eTnografiu-
li masalis Seswavlis Sedegad nino maisuraZem enis
dialeqtisagan anu kilosagan gansxvavebiT, mogvca mu-
sikaluri dialeqtis anu kilos Semdegi ganmarteba:
`kilos, rogorc kuTxobrivi specifikis gamomxatveli
terminis xalxuri interpretacia, garda mravalxmiano-
bis formebis, melodiur-intonaciuri da harmoniuli
Taviseburebebisa, gulisxmobs Sesrulebis kuTxur xasi-
aTs, kerZod im intonaciur Taviseburebebs (niuansebs),
romlebic sametyvelo enis kuTxur intonaciur Tavise-

389
burebebTan uSualo kavSirSi yalibdeba~. aqedan gamom-
dinare mkvlevarma naTlad aCvena is didi wvlili, rome-
lic TiToeul kuTxes miuZRvis zogadqarTuli musika-
luri enis ganviTarebaSi. rogorc dasavlur, ise aRmo-
savlurqarTul simRerebSi, man daadgina harmoniul
elementTa uwyveti, kanonzomieri ganviTarebis procesi.
qarTuli xalxuri simReris genezisis kvlevaSi,
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs simReris saweso safuZvle-
bis warmoCenas. garkveulia, rom am mxriv arsebiTi
mniSvneloba `xmiT natirlebs~ eniWeba. eTnografiul
monacemebze dayrdnobiT nino masisuraZem kidev er-
Txel daadastura adre gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom
xmiT motirali sakraluri personaJia. igi rwmena-war-
modgenebis Tanaxmad, saiqios miRweuli sulis mier
arCeuli meenea, romelmac `samzeoSi~ misi survilebi
unda aRasrulos (`gaacxados~). micvalebulis dati-
reba xalxSi saweso qmedebis is aucilebeli elemen-
tia, romelsac wminda religiur SinaarsTan erTad
garkveuli esTetikuri Rirebuleba gaaCnia. Tu am mov-
lenas musikaluri kuTxiT SevxedavT davinaxavT, rom
motirali godebis Tavisebur melodiur-intonaciur
qargas qmnis. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT natirali, rome-
lic qronologiurad Zalian Zvelia, mainc ver scil-
deba improvizirebuli reCitativis CarCoebs da amis
gamo maRalganviTarebul musikalur kulturaSi, re-
liqtis saxiT inarCunebs Tavs. amgvari rakursiT aqvs
Seswavlili nino maisuraZes `gvrini~, Tibvasa da mkaSi
Sesrulebuli simRera, mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTaebe-
bis ideiT rom aris Seqmnili da micvalebulis datire-
bis imitirebul formas warmoadgens. mkvlevris azriT
`gvrini~ gardamavali formaa `xmiT natirlebsa~ da
`mTiblurebs~ Soris. man SesaniSnavad aCvena `xmiT na-
tiralis~ magaliTze fuZe-enis, fuZe-hangis infiltra-
cia yofis sxvadasxva sferoSi (am SemTxvevaSi miwaT-
moqmedebis sferoSi), ramac gamoiwvia misi semantiku-
ri transformacia: Seicvala musikaluri teqstis
forma da Sinaarsi, Sesrulebis xasiaTi da bolos Ca-

390
moyalibda Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli sasimRero ni-
muSi, am SemTxvevaSi SromiT saqmianobasTan dakavSi-
rebuli mTibluri simRera.
xalxuri musikis uZvelesi sakraluri semantika
qarTul sufrulebSicaa Semonaxuli. irkveva, rom
`puroba~ (trapezi, purad sxdoma) Zvelad is ritua-
luri saweso qmedeba iyo, romelic RvTisgan boZebu-
li sakvebis//madlis miRebisa da ukugebis sakralur
arss gamoxatavda (g. gociriZe). es yvelaferi `warmar-
Tul~ xanaSi Caisaxa, magram Semdeg qristianul for-
matSi iqna gadatanili. `puris Wama~, `puris gatexa~,
qristes xorcTan da sisxlTan ziarebis anu evqaris-
tiis simbolur aqtad iqca (n. abakelia). SemTxveviTi
arc isaa, rom xat-salocavebSi anu taZarSi adamiane-
bi sakralur-ritualur purobas marTaven. am SemTxve-
vaSi salocavi is religiuri centria, romlis garSe-
mo Tavs iyris da erTiandeba garkveuli socialuri
jgufi, sociumi, Temi, sagvareulo. isini msxverplSe-
wirvis arqaul wess asruleben da Sewiruli cxove-
lis wminda sisxliT kultTan ziarebis aqts anxor-
cieleben (v. bardaveliZe, g. gociriZe).
xatoba-dReobebSi Sesrulebuli simRerebi zemoT
aRniSnuli ritualis Semadgeneli nawilia da erTian
kompleqsSia mocemuli. `purobaSi~ simRerebis Sesru-
lebis wesi, romelic Tavis droze v. bardaveliZem
Seiswavla, Semdeg eTnomusikologiuri kuTxiT n. mai-
suraZem gaafarTova da gaamdidra. misi kvlevis areSi
moeqca mTielTa istoriul-sagmiro simRerebi, romle-
bic man sufris wesebis organul nawilad ganixila
da, rac mTavaria, sufrulebis CamoyalibebaSi maTi
arsebiTi mniSvneloba gansazRvra. sakiTxTa am wres
ganekuTvneba agreTve saferxuloebis, sadidebel-sa-
vedreblebis mTeli arsenali, romlis siRrme da ar-
si mravali saidumloebis momcvelia.
nino maisuraZis samecniero moRvaweobis erT-erT
mimarTulebas qarTuli da Crdilokavkasiuri musika-
luri enebis urTierTmimarTebis kvleva warmoadgens.

391
am problemam mkvlevari cnobil kavkasiologs, kavka-
siologiuri eTnologiis fuZemdebels saqarTveloSi,
akad. aleqsi robaqiZes daakavSira. problema qarTu-
li da Crdilokavkasiuri kulturebis SesaZlo erTi-
ani safuZvlisa yovelTvis iyo da rCeba enaTmecnier-
Ta, istorikosTa, arqeologTa, eTnologTa da anTro-
pologTa Seswavlis obieqtad. ufro metic, es Tema
gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri xdeba dRes, roca `kavkasi-
uri civilizaciis~ Sesaxeb Teoriebis gadasinjva
xdeba da dRis wesrigSi kavkasiuri identobis, eTni-
kuri da kulturuli integraciis, `kavkasiis saxlis~
mcnebebi, interdisciplinaruli da multikulturu-
li kvlevebis arealSi Semodis.
nino maisuraZe aris qarTul eTnomusikologTagan
pirveli, romelic aRniSnuli mimarTulebis kvlevaSi
CaerTo da musikalur monacemebze dayrdnobiT friad
sagulisxmo daskvnebis gakeTeba SeZlo. amosavals mis-
Tvis (da ara mxolod misTvis) warmoadgenda is garemo-
eba, rom aRmosavleTis da dasavleTis gzajvaredinze,
e. w. evraziul sivrceSi moqceuli qarTuli kultura
arasodes ar warmoadgenda calke aRebul, msoflio
civilizaciebisagan mowyvetil izolirebul samyaros
da igi yovelTvis Sedioda, erTi mxriv, Savi da xmel-
TaSua zRvis auzis da, meores mxriv, kavkasiis qeds
miRma mcxovrebi xalxebis, politikuri, socialur-eko-
nomikuri da kulturuli interesebis sferoSi. amas
garda, kavkasiis regionis erTiani geografiuli garemo,
Sesabamisi bunebriv-ekologiuri pirobebiT da msgavsi
meurneobis formebis arsebobiT, xelsayrel mdgomareo-
bas qmnida eTnosTa kulturuli Tanacxovrebisa da in-
tegraciisaTvis. es procesebi Zalian adrea dawyebuli
da kavkasiis uZveles tomTa gansaxlebisa da migraciis
arqaul xanas ukavSirdeba. amasTan erTad mecnierulad
dadgenilia, rom kavkasiur sivrceSi qarTuli kultu-
ra, sxva eTnikur kulturebTan SedarebiT, yovelTvis
iyo ufro metad dawinaurebuli, wamyvani da ganviTare-
buli, rac SesaniSnavad Cans yofis yvela sferoSi, me-

392
urneobidan dawyebuli, enis, damwerlobis, materialu-
ri da sulieri kulturis ZeglebiT damTavrebuli.
isic cxadia, rom qristianobam kavkasiis qeds miRma re-
gionSi (maT Soris CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi) TiTqmis XIX
saukunemde iarseba, rogorc Zlierma da ZiriTadma mo-
noTeisturma sarwmunoebam, miuxedavad islamis gavrce-
lebisa, razec metyvelebs iq SemorCenili qarTuli
qristianuli xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebi Tu sakulto
nagebobebi (l. musxeliSvili, d. musxeliSvili, n. ber-
ZeniSvili, d. berZeniSvili, g. RambaSiZe da sxv.).
kavkasiis uZvelesi mosaxleobis genetikuri kav-
Sirebis Sesaxeb arqeologiur da anTropologiur
monacemebTan erTad (o. jafariZe, m. abduSeliSvili,
l. biTaZe) sruliad gamorCeulia da gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs `lingvistur Ziebebs~, `iberiul-kav-
kasiuri enebSi~ bgeraTa Sesatyvisobebis kvlevas (ar.
Ciqobava, m. qurdiani, m. Cuxua, c. baramiZe, v. Sengelia
da sxv.). swored es kvlevebi iyo amosavali nino mai-
suraZisaTvis, roca am urTules da mravalwaxnagovan
problemas _ qarTul-Crdilokavkasiuri musikaluri
enebis urTierTmimarTebisa da maTi erTobis kvlevas
Seudga. mravalwliani dakvirvebis Sedegad avtori mi-
vida im daskvnamde, rom ise rogorc am xalxTa enebSi
dasturdeba Tanxvedrebi, aseve dasturdeba musikalu-
ri monacemebis Tanxvedrac. movitan amonarids misi
naSromidan, romelic exeba qarTuli da afxazuri mu-
sikaluri enebis retrospeqtuli analizis Sedegebs:
`vfiqrob, angariSgasawevia musikaluri monaceme-
bi, romlis mixedviTac afxazuri musikaluri ena, gan-
viTarebis uZveles etapebze organulad iyo dakavSi-
rebuli saerTo-qarTvelur musikalur enasTan. sagu-
lisxmoa rom saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri enidan
Tavdapirvelad igi musikaluri dialeqtis doneze
gancalkevda. amave dros, afxazuri da adiReuri musi-
kaluri masala, garkveulwilad, melodiur-intonaci-
ur da harmoniul elementTa gansakuTrebul siaxlo-
ves amJRavnebs, Tumca orive maTganSi harmoniuli az-

393
rovnebis safuZveli qarTveluria (maT Soris kadanse-
bi, mravalxmianobis formebi, kerZod, burdonuli
mravalxmianoba, rogorc mravalxmianobis ZiriTadi
forma). musikaluri masalis analizi mowmobs, rom
harmoniul elementTa ganviTarebis procesSi, afxazu-
ri asrulebda Sualedur rols qarTulsa da adiRe-
urs Soris. iqneb amiT aixsnas is garemoeba, rom afxa-
zuri musika qarTvelurTan naTesaobis srul suraTs
iZleva... gansxvavebiT afxazurisagan adiReurSi, xSir
SemTxvevaSi, wyvetili Cndeba, romlis tipologiuri
Sevseba afxazuri simRerebis saSualebiT xerxdeba...~.
dRes samecniero literaturaSi gansxvavebuli
Sexedulebebia gamoTqmuli eTnonim `afxazze~. zogi-
erTi maTganis mixedviT afxaz//abxaz-i dasavlurqar-
Tveluri terminia. eTnonimi afxaz- da Sesabamisad mi-
si berZnuli eqvivalenti abasg-i Tavdapirvelad da-
savlur qarTul toms aRniSnavda (T. gamyreliZe, d.
musxeliSvili). rac Seexeba qarTul-afxazur musika-
lur monacemebs, romelzec saubaria n. maisuraZis
naSromSi afxazebi dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriul
teritoriaze qarTveluri kulturis matarebel erT-
erT qarTvelur tomad moiazreba. dameTanxmeba mkiT-
xveli, rom aRniSnul debulebas uaRresad principu-
li mniSvneloba aqvs qarTveli da afxazi xalxis ge-
netikuri kavSir-urTierTobis, ufro metic, saerTo
Zirebis dasadgenad, zogadad kavkasiis xalxTa eTno-
genezis kvlevisaTvis. da kidev erTic, afxazurTan
erTad qarTul-Crdilokavkasiuri (adiReuri, osuri,
CaCnur-inguSuri da nawilobriv daRestnuri) musika-
luri monacemebiT nino maisuraZem daadgina odesRac
saerTo musikaluri kulturis arseboba, romlis Seq-
mnaSi kavkasiis adgilobriv, ZirZvel mosaxleobas un-
da mieRo monawileoba. man gviCvena qarTvelur tomTa
arsebiTi roli am kulturis Camoyalibebasa da Sem-
dgom ganviTarebaSi. musikaluri monacemebiT gamoTqva
mosazreba uZveles xanaSi qarTvelur tomTa farTo
teritoriaze ganfenis Sesaxeb, romelTa gavrcelebis

394
areali TandaTan izRudeboda. niSandoblivia, rom
zemoxsenebul tomTa musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTa-
rebis Tanmimdevrul, uwyvet xazs mkvlevris dakvirve-
biT, mxolod qarTuli masala iZleva, romelTanac
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli Crdilokavkasiuri musika-
luri enebi, rogorc genetikurad, ise kulturul-is-
toriuli kavSirebiT.
yvela es mosazreba nino maisuraZes sadoqtoro
disertaciaSi aqvs Tavmoyrili, uxvi musikaluri masa-
lis analiziT dasabuTebuli. amitom samarTlianad
Tvlian, rom n. maisuraZe aris qarTuli xalxuri musi-
kis eTnomusikologiuri kvlevis erT-erTi mesaZirkvle.
da bolos, viTvaliswinebT, ra Temis aqtualobas,
minda kidev erTxel aRvniSno, rom SesaZloa, dRes, mec-
nierebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze, vinmem sada-
vod miiCnios an ufro metic, ikamaTos e. w. `kavkasiuri
civilizaciis~ (rogorc kavkasiis xalxTa kulturuli
erTianobis) Taobaze, magram faqti erTia, n. maisuraZe
sruliad miukerZoeblad, damoukidebeli kvlevis sa-
fuZvelze mivida mniSvnelovan daskvnamde odesRac er-
Tiani kavkasiuri kulturuli sivrcis arsebobis Sesa-
xeb da am daskvnas aqvs arsebobis ufleba.
nino maisuraZes, rogorc eTnolog mkvlevars, nam-
dvilad mouxda yamiris gatexva eTnologiis am mimar-
Tulebis _ musikaluri eTnologiis (eTnomusikologi-
is) ganviTarebisaTvis. man SeimuSava kvlevis Taviseburi
meTodologiuri programa, romelmac Semdeg gza gaux-
sna am mimarTulebiT momuSave momaval Taobebs. misi
uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT da konsultaciiT eTnomusi-
kologiaSi daculia sakandidato da sadoqtoro di-
sertaciebi (q. nakaSiZe, q. WiTanava, a. petriaSvili, b. ka-
gazeJevi (adiRe), g. sulaberiZe, m. xaSba). warmatebiT da-
icva sadoqtoro disertacia m. SilakaZem (`tradiciuli
samusiko sakravebi da qarTul-Crdilokavkasiuri eTno-
kulturuli urTierTobani~); sakravebis xaziT sayu-
radRebo naSromebi Seqmna n. bedoSvilma.

395
 1980-90-ian wlebSi nino maisuraZis mier pirvelad
iqna wakiTxuli leqciebi (specialuri kursi) eTnomusi-
kologiaSi iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetsa da sulxan-saba orbelianis sax. Tbili-
sis pedagogiur institutSi, revaz laRiZis sax. kaTed-
raze (dRes ilias saxelmwifo universiteti); wlebis
manZilze iyo kaTedris gamge Tbilisis damoukidebel
universitet _ `georgiaSi~, sadac Tavis dros leqciebs
kiTxulobdnen istoriis da eTnologiis institutis,
arqeologiis centris da Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis maRalkvalificirebuli mecnier-TanamSromle-
bi. mis mieraa Sedgenili programa musikalur eTnolo-
giaSi; avtoria monografiebis da mravali statiis, maT
Soris _ `aRmosavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri kul-
tura~ (Tb., 1971), -
(., 1989); `qarTuli xalxuri musika da
misi istoriul-eTnografiuli aspeqtebi~ (Tb., 1990); `es
simReraa saqarTvelosi~ (Tb., 2010); `qarTuli xalxuri
musika da qarTvelTa eTnogenezi~ // qarTeli xalxis
eTnogenezi (Tb., 2002); `musikalur-eTnologiuri monace-
mebi qarTul da winaaziur urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb // oC-
xari Tb., 2002; `qarTuli kultura aRmosavlur da da-
savlur kulturaTa konteqstSi // logosi, #5 Tb., 2008;
`qarTuli himnografia da erovnuli cnobiereba~ // ana-
lebi, #3, Tb., 2008; `qarTuli xalxuri musika da erov-
nuli cnobiereba~ // analebi, #6, Tb., 2010; Georgian Culture
in the Oriental and Western Cultural Contexts (Musical Ethnological Da-
ta) // Dialogue of Civilizations, New York, 2010; `iberiul-kavka-
siuri musikaluri enebis Sesaxeb~ // analebi, #7, 2011
da sxv. q-ni nino aris redaqtori da recenzenti araer-
Ti naSromis, maT Soris Tanaredaqtoria v. bardaveli-
Zis wignis `aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis tradi-
ciuli sazogadoebriv-sakulto Zeglebi, TuSeTi, II2
(Tb., 1985); enciklopediuri ganmartebebis erT-erTi av-
toria wignSi `iv. javaxiSvili. enciklopediuri leqsi-
koni~, mTavari redaqtori akad. r. metreveli. Tb., 2002.

396
 nino maisuraZe wlebis manZilze iyo iv. javaxiS-
vilis saxelobis istoriis da eTnologiis institu-
tis mTavari mecnieri TanamSromeli, institutis sa-
mecniero sabWos wevri; amave institutTan arsebuli
samecniero xarisxebis mimniWebeli sabWos (SemdegSi
arqeologiis centrTan arsebuli samecniero xarisxe-
bis mimniWebeli sabWos) wevri; agreTve _ saqarTve-
los SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos
saxelmwifo universitetTan da v. sarajiSvilis sax.
saxelmwifo konservatoriasTan arsebuli xarisxebis
mimniWebeli gaerTianebuli samecniero sabWos wevri.
warmatebiT uwevda oponirebas da recenzirebas eTno-
logebs, musikismcodneebs, folkloristebs, xelovne-
baTmcodneebs, kulturologebs... 1990 wlidan aris ev-
ropis eTnomusikologTa saerTaSoriso seminaris
(ESEM) wevri; xSirad monawileobda saerTaSoriso
konferenciebSi, kongresebsa da simpoziumebSi, magram
ZiriTadi samyaro, sadac man SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis
didi gza ganvlo istoriisa da eTnologiis institu-
tia. aq Camoayaliba man da xelmZRvanelobda eTnomu-
sikologiuri kvlevis sainstituto saproblemo
jgufs 2006 wlamde, ganyofilebis doneze, vidre mec-
nierebaTa akademiaSi da, Sesabamisad, istoriis da eT-
nologiis institutSi reorganizacia ar Catarda.
nino maisuraZe avtoria musikaluri kompozicie-
bis, romlebic Sesrulda saqarTvelosa da mis far-
glebs gareT (kr. `is vinc miyvarda~, Tb., 2003).
iubilari SesaniSnavi qarTuli tradiciuli, in-
teligenturi ojaxis warmomadgenelia. vicnob 1976
wlidan, mas Semdeg, rac iv. javaxiSvilis sax. isto-
riisa da eTnologiis institutSi mivedi samuSaod.
mowme var da TviTmxilveli mkvlevaris SemoqmedebiTi
warmatebebisa. rogorc adamiani nino maisuraZe yovel-
Tvis gamoirCeoda da gamoirCeva gansakuTrebuli gu-
lisxmierebiT, keTilganwyobiT, kolegialobiT, Wirsa
da lxinSi TanadgomiT, winaparTa xsovnis pativiscemi-
Ta da madlierebiT. vicnobdi mis meuRles, uaRresad

397
keTilSobil pirovnebas _ demir nozaZes, romelic mu-
Saobda umaRles saxelmwifo samTavrobo struqtureb-
Si da iyo adamiani, romelsac SeeZlo sruliad ucno-
bisaTvis xelis gawodeba da daxmareba. q-ni nino Sesa-
niSnavi dedaa, Rirseuli Svilis aRmzrdeli da ori
SviliSvilis bebia. is dResac warmatebiT agrZelebs
mecnierul moRvaweobas saqarTvelos istoriis, eTno-
logiis, religiis Seswavlisa da propagandis samecni-
ero centrSi.

398
 Sinaarsi

winaTqma....................................................................................................... 5

I. musikaluri eTnologia//eTnomusikologia............6

II. saerTo-qarTveluri musikaluri fuZe-ena

da misi ganviTarebis gzebi (musikaluri
masalis analizi)............................................................................. 19

III. qarTuli xalxuri musikis harmoniis

zogieri sakiTxi................................................................................120

IV. musikaluri da poeturi metris da ritmis

urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi.................................................. 136

V. kiloebis Sesaxeb qarTul xalxur

simRerebSi................................................................................................143

VI. mravalxmianobis ori ZiriTadi forma......................156

VII. musikaluri dialeqtebi..........................................................170

VIII. qarTul da Crdilokavkasiur musikalur

enaTa urTierTmimarTeba da maTi
erTobis problema......................................................................183

IX. qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi istoriul-

eTnologiuri aspeqtebi............................................................. 281

.............................................................................. 359

Georgian Traditional Music and

National Awareness........................................................................................ 371

399
 gamoxmaureba

nino maisuraZe
n. RambaSiZe. `mze Sina da mze gareTa~
(eTnologiuri Ziebani)......................................................................378

giorgi gociriZe
qarTuli xalxuri musikis eTnologiuri
kvlevis saTaveebTan.............................................................................383

daibeWda sagamomcemlo saxlSi em-pi-ji

tel: (+995 032)180332
Ltdmpg@gmail.com

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