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January 2010
The Year
in Review: 2009 Highlights and Key Points of Hedge Funds in the
Index
2009 marks the best annual hedge fund performance in a decade, as measured by the
Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index, and the greatest performance rebound since
inception of the Index in 1994
Overall, hedge funds have recouped 77% of 2008 losses from previous peak performance
levels, or “high water marks”
An estimated 58% of all “impaired” assets have returned to standard liquidity status,
representing a total of $102 billion. An additional $72 billion in impaired assets currently
remain illiquid
The hedge fund industry experienced net inflows of $12 billion in the fourth quarter, however
the industry lost $74 billion as a result of investor redemptions in 2009
The Long/Short Equity sector experienced the most significant inflows ($7 billion) in the
second half of 2009 as investors sought to capitalize on the directional, liquid nature of the
strategy
Including performance gains, current industry assets under management (AUM) are
estimated at $1.5 trillion as of December 31, 2009. This is up from approximately $1.3
trillion mid-year
The percentage of closed funds in the industry has dropped from 17% to 13% since
November 2007 , signifying increased investor access to some of the industry’s most in-
demand managers
The growing popularity of hedge fund type products marketed through retail channels could
provide a significant source of new revenues for the hedge fund space going forward
Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index is the source of all data listed below. All internally developed data and other
third party sources are believed to be reliable. Credit Suisse has not sought to independently verify information obtained
from public and third party sources and makes no representations or warranties as to accuracy, completeness or
reliability of such information.
Previous peak index performance levels occurred in June 2008. Data based on an analysis of funds within the Index.
A high water mark is defined as the highest peak in value that a hedge fund has reached; however, it should be noted
that high water marks will differ from investor to investor depending on their entry point into the fund. For the purposes
of this analysis, we refer to the high water mark as the highest peak in value of the overall industry or sector prior to the
financial crisis which occurred in 2008.
Data as of December 31, 2009. Please see page 5 for a complete description of “impaired” assets.
Based on a survey performed by Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index. Data as of December 31, 2009.
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
Operational Due Diligence: In 2009, investors also began to turn toward liquid, directional strategies such as Long/Short
Following a number of hedge Equity and Emerging Markets. As equity markets rallied Long/Short Equity managers capital-
fund failures in 2008 and ized on the upside, steadily increasing net exposures and securing gains in their long books to
early 2009, investors are now
placing increased emphasis finish the year up 19.5%. An increase in risk appetite and strong equity rallies in developing
on due diligence practices, nations also drove investor interest in the Emerging Markets strategy while optimism about
including greater analysis global growth, rising commodities prices and positive macro economic data also buoyed sup-
of hedge fund operations,
compliance, control and risk port for emerging market economies. China remains a particular area of interest due to its
management in addition to strong growth prospects and positive macro economic data continues to support this notion.
requesting greater transparency In December, the purchasing managers’ index (PMI), a key measure of China’s manufacturing
from managers. However, along
with additional transparency activity, reached a 20-month high indicating further expansion of activity in the region.
comes an additional burden
on the investor to process the Finally in the year’s most significant comeback story, Convertible Arbitrage managers attracted
increased inflow of information, a number of headlines in 2009. In the wake of a ‘perfect storm’ of adverse market conditions
leading many to anticipate during the fourth quarter of 2008 the strategy fell significantly as increased selling pressure
renewed growth in the fund of
hedge funds space. and tightened liquidity led to pricing imbalances in the sector. Yet these same factors worked in
many managers’ favor going into 2009 and most were able to successfully capitalize on pric-
ing imbalances while low valuations and attractive credit spreads attracted new entrants to the
market and eased liquidity constraints. Overall Convertible Arbitrage registered the strongest
performance of all sectors this year finishing up 47.3% through December. As markets begin
to normalize we expect that fundamentals and security selection will gain importance in both
this sector as well as other hedge fund strategies going forward.
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
While many hedge funds finished 2008 in the red, an examination of the return dispersion
Reviewing a Year among the individual funds within each sector illustrates the significant turnaround experienced
of Change in the space this year (Figure 2). In 2009, the bulk of returns, shown as the dark blue boxes
(one standard deviation from the mean in either direction), were positive across most strate-
Regulatory Oversight: gies. It is interesting to note that the Managed Futures and Dedicated Short Bias sectors were
The call for increased regulation the only two sectors to finish 2008 in positive territory, yet both struggled with challenging
was a hallmark of the media’s
coverage of hedge funds in market conditions in 2009.
2009. New governmental
proposals such as the Hedge Figure 2:
Fund Transparency Act in the
U.S. and a draft directive from 2009 Average Strategy Returns (data as of December 31, 2009)
the European Commission, are
300%
aimed at limiting hedge funds’ 267.0%
233.2%
potential for systemic risk and 250%
195.2%
call for increased transparency 200%
and accountability of funds. To 150% 130.4% 132.3%
116.1%
the extent that regulation aids 83.6%
100%
in providing more transparency, 300%
267.0%
many believe changes could 50%
250% -0.4%
28.2%
233.2% 24.0%
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
-4.5%
96
Cumulative Performance
86
-19.5%
Trough
76 -26.5%
66
56
-52.7%
46
Dec-07 Mar-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 Mar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
$154
$134
$114
USD billions
$94
$74
$54
$34
$14
-$6
Q1 2009 Q2 2009 Q3 2009 Q4 2009
Source: Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index. All data was obtained from publicly available information, internally developed
data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Credit Suisse has not sought to independently verify information
obtained from public and third party sources and makes no representations or warranties as to accuracy, completeness or
reliability of such information.
Developing Trends
The issue of hedge fund liquidity made headlines following the events of 2008 and, in turn,
managers have taken steps to reassure investors that they will have access to their assets
in the future. The trend toward decreasing lock-up periods within the industry illustrates this
point. While there are no standard solutions being applied across funds, investors are generally
seeing more flexible terms being offered to investors as funds seek to strengthen relationships
with clients as well as entice new assets; for example, funds with standard lock-up periods may
now permit a client to exit early for a fee.
Data based on a sample set of funds reflective of the Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index as of
December 31, 2009.
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
$0
-$20
Flows (USD billions)
-$40
-$60
-$80
-$100
-$120
-$140
Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009 Q2 2009 Q3 2009 Q4 2009
Source: Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index. All data was obtained from publicly available information, internally developed
data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Credit Suisse has not sought to independently verify information
obtained from public and third party sources and makes no representations or warranties as to accuracy, completeness or
reliability of such information.
As demonstrated in Figure 6, while nine out of ten sectors in the Broad Index experienced asset
outflows in the first half of 2009 only four sectors — Convertible Arbitrage, Dedicated Short
Bias, Managed Futures and Fixed Income Arbitrage — saw outflows in the second half of the
year. Together, these sectors represent 9.8% of overall industry AUM as of 12/31/2009.
Figure 6: 2009 Estimated Asset Flows by Sector (as of December 31, 2009)
$10
6. 7 7. 1
$5 2. 9
2. 2 1. 8
0. 7 0. 2
(0. 1)
$0
(0. 9) (0. 7) (0. 4)
Flows (USD billions)
(1. 3) (1. 7)
-$5
(4. 8)
(6. 0) (6. 1) (6. 5)
-$10
-$15
-$20
(19. 5)
(20. 6)
-$25
(26. 5)
-$30
Convertible Dedicated Emerging Equity Market Event Driven Fixed Income Global Macro Long/Short Managed Multi-Strategy
Arbitrage Short Bias Markets Neutral Arbitrage Equity Futures
Source: Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index. All data was obtained from publicly available information, internally developed
data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Credit Suisse has not sought to independently verify information
obtained from public and third party sources and makes no representations or warranties as to accuracy, completeness or
reliability of such information.
Revised from a previously published September 2009 estimate based on additional data received.
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
The majority of new assets entering the space in the second half of the year were funneled
into the Long/Short Equity sector. Interest in the space was primarily driven by investors seek-
ing to capitalize on the directional return potential of a bullish market environment as well as
the inherently liquid nature of the strategy. Also, despite underwhelming performance for the
year, the Managed Futures sector experienced an increase in new capital with net inflows of
$3 billion in 2009 as long-term investors appeared primed to capitalize on returns driven by the
bounce back in commodity markets. The Equity Market Neutral space, which makes us 2.2%
of overall industry assets (as of 12/31/09), saw the largest percentage of net inflows with
respect to total sector AUM as the strategy’s low correlation to general market movement and
its potential diversification benefits amid market dislocations attracted new interest.
In one of the most interesting trends seen in the hedge fund space this year, many hedge
fund managers have increasingly begun to turn to less traditional channels in an effort to raise
capital. The majority of hedge fund assets have historically come from high net worth and
institutional investors. However, in many cases these investors saw a more significant percent-
age of their assets negatively affected by liquidity constraints in 2008 and as a result they
were unwilling to quickly reallocate to the asset class. In turn, hedge fund managers seeking
a diversified investor base began exploring distribution opportunities through retail channels,
creating various exchange traded products, mutual funds, and UCITS III funds which provided
exposure to a previously untapped client base. In general, registered fund assets have potential
to provide more stable assets and generate relatively steady fees making these vehicles attrac-
tive to many managers.
Overall, we estimate total industry AUM is currently $1.5 trillion as of December 2009. Most
believe that AUM will continue to rise through 2010 with some analysts predicting that industry
assets will almost double to $2.6 billion by 2013.
Source: “The Hedge Fund of Tomorrow: Building an Enduring Firm,” Casey Quirk, April 2009. All data was obtained
from publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Credit
Suisse has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources and makes no
representations or warranties as to accuracy, completeness or reliability of such information.
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
14%
Global Macro
12%
Event Driven Equity Long Short
10%
Broad Index
Multi Strategy Emerging Markets
8%
Convertible Arbitrage
Annualized Returns
0%
Dedicated Short
-2%
TOPIX
-4%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Annualized Volatility
Source: Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index. All data was obtained from internally developed data and other third party
sources believed to be reliable. Credit Suisse has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public
and third party sources and makes no representations or warranties as to accuracy, completeness or reliability of such
information. Please refer to endnotes for index definitions.
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
Conclusion:
At present, the hedge fund space appears to be a ‘buyers’ market,’ with many funds showing
an increased willingness to negotiate or lower fees. In addition, better overall liquidity combined
with a decrease in outflows will likely encourage funds to lower hurdles such as gate provisions.
Also, liquidity appears to be returning to the market sooner than originally anticipated with 58%
of all previously impaired funds having been returned to standard liquidity as of December 31,
2009.
We also expect to see further significant changes take place in the hedge fund landscape as
improved performance has resulted in a renewed focus on client retention and growth. Many
managers have reported the establishment of various incentives including improved liquidity
terms and decreased incentive fees designed to attract new investors. In addition, numer-
ous funds that were previously closed are now reopening and accepting new investments.
According to a survey performed by the Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index the percent-
age of closed funds in the industry dropped from 17% to 13% since November 2007. Some
of these newly opened funds are also offering more attractive terms than before, allowing
investors access to the previously unavailable return streams of some of the industry’s best
managers.
While the steps many funds have taken may be designed to reassure and attract investors, one
of the most important measures of fund viability will be the ability of hedge fund managers to
hit their high-water marks. As of 2009 year end, the majority of managers in the space were
on their way to recovery with 28% of all managers already reaching or surpassing their previous
10
peak levels and most managers believe these statistics will continue to improve.
Overall, investors have taken notice of improvements in the hedge fund space and assets under
management continue to rise. Investor sentiment surveys also suggest that many expect net
positive flows in 2010. Adding hedge fund exposure to equity-only portfolios may have the
ability to increase the efficient frontier of traditional portfolios and as many believe the rally in
equities is now at an advanced stage, an increasing number of private investors have begun to
seek the diversification from traditional asset classes such as stocks and bonds. The availabil-
ity of hedge fund exposure through retail channels has provided private investors with access
to the uncorrelated return streams of the hedge fund space while also providing an alternate
source of fund capital which previously came almost exclusively from institutional clients. For
example, according to a recent Wall Street Journal article, it is estimated that there were 26
new “hedge-fund-like” Long/Short Equity mutual funds launched in 2009 generating assets
11
of $8.7 billion through November 2009.
Emerging from one of the most significant market dislocations to date, hedge funds success-
fully capitalized on opportunities in 2009 and many were able to recoup the majority of their
losses. Many expect that as opportunities become scarcer there will likely be greater disper-
sion and decreased correlation among fund manager returns, both of which could be positive
indicators for potential investors. Overall, the ability of hedge funds to produce their highest
returns in a decade has served to bolster investor confidence and interest in the space heading
into the year ahead.
10 Previous peak index performance levels occurred in June 2008. Data based on an analysis of funds within the Index.
A high water mark is defined as the highest peak in value that a hedge fund has reached; however, it should be noted,
that high water marks will differ from investor to investor depending on their entry point into the fund. For the purposes
of this analysis, we refer to the high water mark as the highest peak in value of the overall industry or sector prior to the
financial crisis which occurred in 2008.
11 Source: Hedge Fund AQR Goes ‘Mom & Pop’, Wall Street Journal, January 6, 2010.
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
Endnotes
The Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Index (the “Index”) is compiled by Credit Suisse
Tremont Index LLC. It is an asset-weighted hedge fund index and includes only funds, as
opposed to separate accounts. The Index uses the Credit Suisse/Tremont database, which
track over 5,000 funds, and consists only of funds with a minimum of US$50 million under
management, a 12-month track record, and audited financial statements. It is calculated and
rebalanced on a monthly basis, and shown net of all performance fees and expenses.
MSCI World: The MSCI World Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted
index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed markets. As
of June 2007 the MSCI World Index consisted of the following 23 developed market country
indices: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Barclays Global Aggregate Bond: A market-value-weighted index government securities, mort-
gage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and corporate securities, each with a maturity
of over one year, designed to simulate the universe of bonds in the market.
S&P 500: The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index is a capitalization-weighted index of 500 stocks.
The index is designed to measure performance of the broad domestic economy through chang-
es in the aggregate market value of 500 stocks representing all major industries. Investors
cannot invest directly in an index.
TOPIX: Including all First Section listed shares, TOPIX provides a comprehensive measure of
stock price changes. The Tokyo Stock Exchange domestic market is divided into two sec-
tions. The First Section is the market place for stocks of larger companies, and the Second
Section is for those of smaller and newly listed companies. Close to 1,500 companies are
listed on the First Section. TOPIX is a weighted index, the market price of each component
stock is multiplied by the number of shares listed. The index is the exclusive property of the
Tokyo Stock Exchange.
MSCI Emerging Markets Index: The index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index
that is designed to measure equity market performance of emerging markets. As of June 2009
the MSCI Emerging Markets Index consisted of the following 22 emerging market country indi-
ces: Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel,
Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan,
Thailand, and Turkey.
S&P Goldman Sachs Commodity Index: The GSCI is designed as a benchmark for investment
in the commodity markets and as a measure of commodity market performance over time.
Components of the index qualify for inclusion based on liquidity measures and are weighted in
relation to their global production levels.
10 Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review
January 2010
Investments in hedge funds are speculative and involve a high degree of risk. Hedge funds may exhibit volatil-
ity and investors may lose all or substantially all of their investment. A hedge fund manager typically controls
trading of the fund and the use of a single advisor’s trading program may result in a lack of diversification.
Hedge funds also may use leverage and trade on foreign markets, which may carry additional risks. Investments
in illiquid securities or other illiquid assets and the use of short sales, options, leverage, futures, swaps, and
other derivative instruments may create special risks and substantially increase the impact of adverse price
movements. Hedge funds typically charge higher fees than many other types of investments, which can offset
trading profits, if any. Interests in hedge funds may be subject to limitations on transferability. Hedge funds are
illiquid and no secondary market for interests typically exists or is likely to develop. The incentive fee may create
an incentive for the hedge fund manager to make investments that are riskier than it would otherwise make.
The charts, tables and graphs contained in this document are not intended to be used to assist the reader
in determining which securities to buy or sell or when to buy or sell securities. Benchmarks are used
solely for purposes of comparison and the comparison does not mean that there will necessarily be a cor-
relation between the returns described herein and the benchmarks. There are limitations in using financial
indices for comparison purposes because, among other reasons, such indices may have different volatility,
diversification, credit and other material characteristics (such as number or type of instrument or security).
Copyright 2010, Credit Suisse Group AG and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Contact Information
Credit Suisse Tremont Index LLC
Eleven Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
United States
+1 212 538 0583
hfindices.ir@credit-suisse.com
www.hedgeindex.com
Credit Suisse/Tremont • Hedge Funds Hit a High Note • 2009 Industry Review 11