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What is Operating System ?

DEFINITION
Operating System is a collection of programs that
coordinates the operation of computer hardware
& software.

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Functions of Operating System

Process Management
Memory Management
Data Management
I/O Management

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Linux Architecture

Other
Programs

Shell

Kernel

Hardware

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What is Kernel ?

A set of functions that make up the heart of an OS

It is used to provide an application interface
between programs and physical devices.
Services provided by the kernel
Controls execution of processes.
Scheduling processes fairly for
execution on the CPU.
Allocating memory for an executing
process.

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What is Shell ?

Shell is the interface between the user and the

kernel.
Services provided by the shell
It interprets all the commands to the kernel
The kernel after processing the commands
gives back to the shell.

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Linux Architecture works

USER

C Shell
Korn
Borne Shell
KERNEL Shell Shells
TC
Shell

HARDWARE

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Linux Architecture works

USER

C Shell
Korn
Borne Shell
KERNEL Shell Shells
TC
Shell

HARDWARE

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History of Unix

MULTICS PROJECT
It was started in 1965 on Main frame GE 645 by
the joint effort of
AT & T Bell Labs
General Electricals
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Multics was written in Assembly Language
In 1969 Multics project was dropped.

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History of Unix

In 1969, Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie at Bell

Labs - AT&T redesigned the Multics and introduced
New OS UNICS (Uniplexed Information &
computing system)
It is written in 80 percent of C language and 20
percent assembly language.
Later on totally rewritten in C language and named
as UNIX (1973 ).

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Flavors of UNIX

Vendor OS

AT & T, Bell labs SYS III - SYS V

Sun SunOS - Solaris

IBM AIX

SG IRIX

SCO SCO Unix

BSD Free BSD Linux

HP HPUX 12

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History of Unix

In 1988, AT&T shocked the UNIX

community by purchasing a percentage of
Sun Microsystems which became a threat
for other vendors.
So, other vendors quickly formed a
consortium group called OSF and former
formed their group named UI.
UI OSF
(Unix International) (Open Software Foundation)
AT & T

Sun
All Others
Data General
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Unisys

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Features of Linux

Open Source - Free

Multitasking
Multi-User
Portable
Scalability
Reliability
Biggest servers on this planet running Linux without
single second of downtime from last 10yrs
Security
Inbuilt firewall (iptables)

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History of Linux

In 1990 s, Linus Torvalds ,a graduate student

form University of Helsinky designed a UNIX like
kernel on 386 Intel machine and gave this to OSF.
Linux Kernel was bundled with many software's
from various distributors and it gave rise to many
flavors of LINUX.

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Linux Distribution

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RedHat Linux Versions

Free Editions Commercial Editions

RedHat 1
To
RedHat 9

Fedora core 1 RHEL 1

Fedora core 2 RHEL 2

Fedora core 3
RHEL 3
Fedora core 4

Fedora core 5 RHEL 4

Fedora core 6 RHEL 5 - beta 16

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RHEL 4 - Requirements

Minimum Maximum Minimum

Editions Processors
RAM RAM Hard disk

Desktop 1 128 MB 4 GB 2.3 GB

Workstation 2 128 MB 4 GB 3 GB

Enterprise 2 128 MB 8 GB 3 GB

Advanced 16 128 MB 64 GB 3 GB

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