( , ) :

Qa = ( 1 - ) c Ap
100

, Qa : ( ton )

c : Concrete ( t / m) = 3,000 t / m

D : ( m ) = 0.3 m

Ap : ( m) = x 0.250 / 4 = 0.049 m

() Concrete
,

.

: Concrete 60 kg/cm
: 2
Concrete : 180 kg/cm
Concrete : 20% ( ) Concrete

1) c 3,000
Qa = Ap = x 0.049 = 36.8 ton /
4 4

2) Qa = 600 Ap = 600 x 0.049 = 29.4 ton /

29.4 ( t / ) .

1) ( t / m) :

< . > ( t / m)



0.2 Ns ( 10 ) 0.5 Ns ( 20 ) 0.1 Ns ( 5 )
C Nc ( 15 ) C Nc ( 15 ) 0.5C 0.5Nc ( 10 )
* ) N 2 .
( p688)
) C : (= 0 )
Ns : N ( = 50 )
Nc : N ( = 0 )

Ap = x x 0.25 0.049 m

U=x 0.25 = 0.785 m

Ls= 7.0 m ( )
Lc= 0.0 m ( )

fi(s) = 0.5 x Ns = 25 ( t / m)
fi(c) = C or Nc = 0.0 ( t / m)

Qf1 = 0.785 x 7.0 x 25.0 + 0.785 x 0.0 x 0.0 = 137.4 ton

() ()
2) ( t / m) :

socket .

Socket

socket ( , )


Creep

Socket : ( Horvarth, Rosenberg and Journeaux, Williams and Pells )

fs = quc = 0.01 x 0.38 x 9980 = 37.9 t / m

, : = 0.01

: = 0.38

quc : = 9,980 t / m

Lr = 6.0 m ( )

Qf2 = fs Lr U = 37.9 x 6.0 x 0.785 = 178.5 ton

, Qf = Qf1 + Qf2 = 315.9 ton .

< Fig. socket >

< Fig. >

3) :
 RCD Pile .
.
,
, .
,
.

Goodman

qp = qu ( N + 1 )

, N = tan ( 45 + /2 ) = 3.69

qu = = 9,980 t / m

= = 35.0

, Das Scale effect qu 1/5

, 3 .

qu
Qp = ( N + 1 ) Ap
5

9,980
= ( 3.69 + 1 ) 0.049
5

= 458.7 ton

1 1
Qa = x ( Qp + Qf ) = x ( 458.7 + 315.9 ) = 258.2
3 3 ton

Kulhawy & Goodman ( Foundation Design & Construction, MJ Tomlinson )

Qp = cNc + DNq + BN

,
.

Qp = 1.2cNcAp = 1.2 x 998.0 x 11.0 x 0.049 = 645.5 ton

, qu_lab : = 9,980 t / m

c : 0.1qu_lab = 0.1 x 9980 = 998.0 t / m

Nc : = 11.0

RQD Rock mass properties

(%) c
0 ~ 70 0.1 qu_lab 30
70 ~ 100 0.1 qu_lab 30 ~ 60
( , quc = )

, 3 .
 qu_lab
Qpa = 1.2 x ( 0.1 x ) x Nc x Ap
3

= 0.44 x qu_lab x Ap = 215.2 ton

Qf 315.9
Qa = Qpa + = 215.2 + = 320.5
3 3 ton

( Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, Polus & Davis )

.
( 0.2 ~ 0.5 )qu(lab) RQD
0.17 qu(lab) .

Qpa = 0.17 x qu(lab) x Ap = 0.17 x 9980 x 0.049 = 83.1 ton

Qf
Qa = Qpa + = 188.4
3 ton
 :

1)

-.

Kh = k_H0 ( B_H / 30 )^(-3/4)

, Kh : ( kg/cm)

k_H0 : 30cm
,

k_H0 = ( 1 / 30 )Eo

, Eo : ( kg/cm),
Eo

Eo ( kg/cm)

30cm
1 2
1/2
4 8

1 3 4 8

N Eo=28N 1 2

, = 1 , Eo = 28N = 28 x 50 = 1400 kg/cm

B_H : (cm)

1/ .

D : (cm)

1/ : (cm) .

: (cm^(-1))

Kh = 0.34 x (Eo)^(1.1) x d^(-0.31) x EI^(-0.1)

= 0.34 x ( 1 x 1400 )^(1.1) x 150^(-0.31) x 6709631965200^(-0.1) = 10.838 kg/cm

, Eo = 28 N = 28 x 50 = 1400 kg/cm
= 1
d = 150.0 cm
E = 2.70E+05 kg/cm
2 I = 24850488.76 cm

-.

Kh = 0.691 N^(0.406) = 0.691 x 50^(0.406) = 3.383 kg/cm

3.383 kg/cm
2)

-.
(1985 ) 8
kh nh 2.5D

-. 3
2.5 D
0.25 .

8D 1.00
6D 0.70
4D 0.40
3D 0.25

, 0.846 kg/cm

3)

-.

dy
EI + P = 0
d x

, x : (cm)
y : (cm)
E: ( kg/cm)
I : 2 ( cm)
P: ( kg/cm)
P = khBy ( kh )
P = nhxy ( kh )
B : (cm)
kh : ( kg/cm) - ( kh )
nh : ( kg/cm) - , ( kh )

Q
y = e^(-x)cos x
2 EI

Q
yo =
2 EI

Q = 2 EI yo = 2 x 6709631965200 x 0.001475^3 x 1.5 = 64.595 ton

Q 64.595
Mm = -0.3224 = -0.3224 x = -141.189 ( tm )
0.148

3
L =
4

, yo : (cm) = 1.5 cm
: 1.5cm
: 2.25cm ( , 1996, )
y :
Mm :
 L : "0"
EI : ( kgcm)
kh B 0.846 x 150
= ( )^() = ( )^()
4EI 4 x 6709631965200

= 0.001475 cm^(-1)
kh : = 3.383 kg/cm

Q
y = e^(-x)( cos x + sin x )
4 EI

Q
yo =
4 EI

Q = 4 EI yo = 4 x 6709631965200 x 0.001475^3 x 1.5 = 129.189 ton

Q 129.189
Mm = -0.2079 = -0.2079 x = -91.045 ( tm )
2 0.295

L =

 :

1)

-.

Kh = k_H0 ( B_H / 30 )^(-3/4)

, Kh : ( kg/cm)

k_H0 : 30cm
,

k_H0 = ( 1 / 30 )Eo

, Eo : ( kg/cm),
Eo

Eo ( kg/cm)

30cm
1 2
1/2
4 8

1 3 4 8

N Eo=28N 1 2

, = 1 , Eo = 28N = 28 x 40 = 1120 kg/cm

B_H : (cm)

1/ .

D : (cm)

1/ : (cm) .

: (cm^(-1))

Kh = 0.34 x (Eo)^(1.1) x d^(-0.31) x EI^(-0.1)

= 0.34 x ( 1 x 1120 )^(1.1) x 150^(-0.31) x 6212622190000^(-0.1) = 8.545 kg/cm

, Eo = 28 N = 28 x 40 = 1120 kg/cm
= 1
d = 150.0 cm
E = 2.50E+05 kg/cm
2 I = 24850488.76 cm

-.

Kh = 0.691 N^(0.406) = 0.691 x 40^(0.406) = 3.09 kg/cm

-. ( , 1997.6 )

Em 4.55E+04
Kh = 3.3 x = 3.3 x = 1001.0 kg/cm
B 150.0

, Em : = 4.55E+04 kg/cm
B :

-. (1996,) Eo .

Eo / N
, 4
7
10
, 12 ~ 15

, Eo = 12 N ,
Eo = 12 x 40 = 480 kg/cm

Kh = 0.34 x (Eo)^(1.1) x d^(-0.31) x EI^(-0.1)

= 0.34 x ( 1 x 480 )^(1.1) x 150^(-0.31) x 6212622190000^(-0.1) = 3.365 kg/cm

3.090 kg/cm

2)

-.
(1985 ) 8
kh nh 2.5D

-. 3
2.5 D
0.25 .

8D 1.00
6D 0.70
4D 0.40
3D 0.25

, 0.773 kg/cm

3)

nh .

B 150
nh = kh = 0.773 x = 0.116 kg/cm
z 1000

, z : = 1000.0 cm

(T) :

EI 6212622190000
T = ( )^0.2 = ( )^0.2 = 556.9
nh 0.116
 L 1000.0
Zmax = = = 1.8 < 4.0 !
T 556.9

FyHT 1.1 x 33780 x 556.9

-. = yo = = = 10.33 mm
EI 6212622190000

-. = Mo = Fm H T = -1.05 x 33780 x 556.9 = -197.527 t m

, Fy : Deflection coefficient = 1.1

Fm : Moment coefficient = -1.05
H : 1 = 33.78 ton

Zmax Fy Fm Zmax 0.0 2.0

0.0 0.00 0.00 ,
2.0 1.10 -1.05
3.0 1.03 -0.97 Fy = 1.1
4.0 0.95 -0.93 Fm = -1.05 .
5.0 0.93 -0.93
10.0 0.93 -0.93

1.5 cm .

yo EI 1.5 x 6212622190000
H= = = 49.05 ton
Fy T 1.1 x 556.9

, yo : (cm) = 1.5 cm
: 1.5cm
: 2.25cm ( , 1996, )
Zmax = 0 Fy = 0.00
Zmax = 2 Fy = 1.10

Zmax = 0 Fm = 0.00
Zmax = 2 Fm = -1.05

, .

49.05
Ha = = 16.35 ton
3
 :

1)

St = Ss + Sp + Sps = 2.404 + 35.34 + 2.069 = 39.813 mm

, Ss :
Sp :
Sps :

L
Ss = ( Qpa + s Qfa )
A Ep

13.0
= ( 657.30 + 0.67 x 238.00 ) x
1.767 x 2500000

= 2.404 mm

, Qpa :
= 657.3 ton

Qfa :
= 238.0 ton

L : = 13.0 m

A : ( ) = 1.767 m

Ep : = 2.50E+06 t/m

s : = 0.67
s
N
N 0.67 .

Cp Qpa 0.09 x 657.30

Sp = = = 35.340 mm
B qb 1.5 x 1,115.96

, Cp : = 0.09

(~) 0.02 ~ 0.04 0.09 ~ 0.18
(~) 0.02 ~ 0.03 0.03 ~ 0.06
(~) 0.03 ~ 0.05 0.09 ~ 0.12

B : = 1.5 m

qb :
( , 3 )

qb = 3 Qpa / A = 3 x 657.3 / 1.767 = 1115.96 t /m

Cs Qfa 0.1261 x 238

Sps = = = 2.069 mm
Lb qb 13 x 1115.96

, Cs = ( 0.93 + 0.16 ( Lb / B ) )Cp = ( 0.93 + 0.16 ( 13 / 1.5 ) ) x 0.09

= 0.1261

Lb : = 13.0 m
2) ( , 1993 )

S_E = S_EP + S_EE = 2.060 mm

, S_E : (cm)
S_EP : (cm)
S_EE : (cm)

PL 700 x 13
S_E = S_EP = = = 2.060 mm
AE 1.767 x 2500000

, A : = 1.767 m
E : = 2.50E+06 t / m
P : = 700.0 ton
L : = 13.0 m

3) ( Pells and Turner , M.J. Tomlinson, p.147 )

Q Ip 700.0 x 0.34
St = = = 1.587 m
B Ed 1.5 x 100000

, St : (mm)
Q : = 700.0 ton
B : (m) = 1.5 m
Ed : ( t / m) = 100,000 t / m
Ip : = 0.34
( , = 100000 = 2500000
R = Ec / Ed = 25 )

4)

Pells & Turner

39.813 mm 2.06 mm 1.587 mm