PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No.

532 August 8, 1974

ANTI-PIRACY AND ANTI-HIGHWAY ROBBERY LAW OF 1974

WHEREAS, reports from law-enforcement agencies reveal that lawless elements are still committing acts of depredations upon the
persons and properties of innocent and defenseless inhabitants who travel from one place to another, thereby distributing the
peace, order and tranquility of the nation and stunting the economic and social progress of the people;

WHEREAS, such acts of depredations constitute either piracy or highway robbery/brigandage which are among the highest forms of
lawlessness condemned by the penal statutes of all countries; and,

WHEREAS, it is imperative that said lawless elements be discouraged from perpetrating such acts of depredations by imposing heavy
penalty on the offenders, with the end in view of eliminating all obstacles to the economic, social, educational and community
progress of the people;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution
and pursuant to proclamation No. 1081, dated September 21, 1972 and No. 1104, dated January 17, 1973 and General Order No. 1,
dated September 22, 1972, do hereby order and decree as part of the law of the land the following:

Section 1. Title. This Decree shall be known as the Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974.

Section 2. Definition of Terms. The following terms shall mean and be understood, as follows:

a. Philippine Waters. It shall refer to all bodies of water, such as but not limited to, seas, gulfs, bays around, between and
connecting each of the Islands of the Philippine Archipelago, irrespective of its depth, breadth, length or dimension, and all
other waters belonging to the Philippines by historic or legal title, including territorial sea, the sea-bed, the insular shelves,
and other submarine areas over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction.

b. Vessel. Any vessel or watercraft used for transport of passengers and cargo from one place to another through Philippine
Waters. It shall include all kinds and types of vessels or boats used in fishing.

c. Philippine Highway. It shall refer to any road, street, passage, highway and bridges or other parts thereof, or railway or
railroad within the Philippines used by persons, or vehicles, or locomotives or trains for the movement or circulation of
persons or transportation of goods, articles, or property or both.

d. Piracy. Any attack upon or seizure of any vessel, or the taking away of the whole or part thereof or its cargo, equipment,
or the personal belongings of its complement or passengers, irrespective of the value thereof, by means of violence against
or intimidation of persons or force upon things, committed by any person, including a passenger or member of the
complement of said vessel, in Philippine waters, shall be considered as piracy. The offenders shall be considered as pirates
and punished as hereinafter provided.

e. Highway Robbery/Brigandage. The seizure of any person for ransom, extortion or other unlawful purposes, or the taking
away of the property of another by means of violence against or intimidation of person or force upon things of other
unlawful means, committed by any person on any Philippine Highway.

Section 3. Penalties. Any person who commits piracy or highway robbery/brigandage as herein defined, shall, upon conviction by
competents court be punished by:

a. Piracy. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed. If physical injuries or
other crimes are committed as a result or on the occasion thereof, the penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be imposed. If
rape, murder or homicide is committed as a result or on the occasion of piracy, or when the offenders abandoned the
victims without means of saving themselves, or when the seizure is accomplished by firing upon or boarding a vessel, the
mandatory penalty of death shall be imposed.

b. Highway Robbery/Brigandage. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its minimum period shall be imposed. If physical
injuries or other crimes are committed during or on the occasion of the commission of robbery or brigandage, the penalty
 of reclusion temporal in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed. If kidnapping for ransom or extortion, or
murder or homicide, or rape is committed as a result or on the occasion thereof, the penalty of death shall be imposed.

Section 4. Aiding pirates or highway robbers/brigands or abetting piracy or highway robbery/brigandage. Any person who knowingly
and in any manner aids or protects pirates or highway robbers/brigands, such as giving them information about the movement of
police or other peace officers of the government, or acquires or receives property taken by such pirates or brigands or in any
manner derives any benefit therefrom; or any person who directly or indirectly abets the commission of piracy or highway robbery
or brigandage, shall be considered as an accomplice of the principal offenders and be punished in accordance with the Rules
prescribed by the Revised Penal Code.

It shall be presumed that any person who does any of the acts provided in this Section has performed knowingly, unless the contrary
is proven.

Section 5. Repealing Clause. Pertinent portions of Act No. 3815, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code; and all laws, decrees,
or orders or instructions, or parts thereof, insofar as they are inconsistent with this Decree are hereby repealed or modified
accordingly.

Section 6. Effectivity. This Decree shall take effect upon approval.

Done in the City of Manila, this 8th day of August, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-four.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 6235

AN ACT PROHIBITING CERTAIN ACTS INIMICAL TO CIVIL AVIATION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to compel a change in the course or destination of an aircraft of Philippine registry, or
to seize or usurp the control thereof, while it is in flight. An aircraft is in flight from the moment all its external doors are closed
following embarkation until any of such doors is opened for disembarkation.

It shall likewise be unlawful for any person to compel an aircraft of foreign registry to land in Philippine territory or to seize or usurp
the control thereof while it is within the said territory.

Section 2. Any person violating any provision of the foregoing section shall be punished by an imprisonment of not less than twelve
years but not more than twenty years, or by a fine of not less than twenty thousand pesos but not more than forty thousand pesos.

The penalty of imprisonment of fifteen years to death, or a fine of not less than twenty-five thousand pesos but not more than fifty
thousand pesos shall be imposed upon any person committing such violation under any of the following circumstances:

1. Whenever he has fired upon the pilot, member of the crew or passenger of the aircraft;

2. Whenever he has exploded or attempted to explode any bomb or explosive to destroy the aircraft; or

3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, serious physical injuries or rape.

Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any person, natural or juridical, to ship, load or carry in any passenger aircraft operating as a public
utility within the Philippines, and explosive, flammable, corrosive or poisonous substance or material.

Section 4. The shipping, loading or carrying of any substance or material mentioned in the preceding section in any cargo aircraft
operating as a public utility within the Philippines shall be in accordance with regulations issued by the Civil Aeronautics
Administration.

Section 5. As used in this Act

(1) "Explosive" shall mean any substance, either solid or liquid, mixture or single compound, which by chemical reaction
liberates heat and gas at high speed and causes tremendous pressure resulting in explosion. The term shall include but not
limited to dynamites, firecrackers, blasting caps, black powders, bursters, percussions, cartridges and other explosive
materials, except bullets for firearm.

(2) "Flammable" is any substance or material that is highly combustible and self-igniting by chemical reaction and shall
include but not limited to acrolein, allene, aluminum dyethyl monochloride, and other aluminum compounds, ammonium
chlorate and other ammonium mixtures and other similar substances or materials.

(3) "Corrosive" is any substance or material, either liquid, solid or gaseous, which through chemical reaction wears away,
impairs or consumes any object. It shall include but not limited to alkaline battery fluid packed with empty storage battery,
allyl chloroformate, allytrichlorosilane, ammonium dinitro-orthocresolate and other similar materials and substances.

(4) "Poisonous" is any substance or materials, except medicinal drug, either liquid, solid or gaseous, which through chemical
reactions kills, injuries or impairs a living organism or person, and shall include but not limited to allyl isothiocyanate,
ammunition (chemical, non-explosive but containing Class A, B or poison), aniline oil, arsine, bromobenzyle cyanide,
bromoacetone and other similar substances or materials.

Section 6. Any violation of Section three hereof shall be punishable by an imprisonment of at least five years but not more than ten
years or by a fine of not less than ten thousand pesos but not more than twenty thousand pesos: Provided, That if the violation is
committed by a juridical person, the penalty shall be imposed upon the manager, representative, director, agent or employee who
violated, or caused, directed, cooperated or participated in the violation thereof: Provided, further, That in case the violation is
committed in the interest of a foreign corporation legally doing business in the Philippines, the penalty shall be imposed upon its
resident agent, manager, representative or director responsible for such violation and in addition thereto, the license of said
corporation to do business in the Philippines shall be revoked.

Any violation of Section four hereof shall be an offense punishable with the minimum of the penalty provided in the next preceding
paragraph.

Section 7. For any death or injury to persons or damage to property resulting from a violation of Sections three and four hereof, the
person responsible therefor may be held liable in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Revised Penal Code.

Section 8. Aircraft companies which operate as public utilities or operators of aircraft which are for hire are authorized to open and
investigate suspicious packages and cargoes in the presence of the owner or shipper, or his authorized representatives if present; in
order to help the authorities in the enforcement of the provisions of this Act: Provided, That if the owner, shipper or his
representative refuses to have the same opened and inspected, the airline or air carrier is authorized to refuse the loading thereof.

Section 9. Every ticket issued to a passenger by the airline or air carrier concerned shall contain among others the following
condition printed thereon: "Holder hereof and his hand-carried luggage(s) are subject to search for, and seizure of, prohibited
materials or substances. Holder refusing to be searched shall not be allowed to board the aircraft," which shall constitute a part of
the contract between the passenger and the air carrier.

Section 10. The Civil Aeronautics Administration is hereby directed to promulgate within one month after the approval of this Act
such regulations as are provided in Section four hereof and cause the publication of such rules and regulations in the Official Gazette
and in a newspaper of national circulation for at least once a week for three consecutive weeks. Such regulations shall take effect
fifteen days after publication in the Official Gazette.

Section 11. This Act shall take effect after the publication mentioned in the preceding section.

Approved: June 19, 1971

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10168 June 20, 2012

AN ACT DEFINING THE CRIME OF FINANCING OF TERRORISM, PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. This Act shall be known as "The Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act of 2012?.

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. It is the policy of the State to protect life, liberty, and property from acts of terrorism and to
condemn terrorism and those who support and finance it and to recognize it as inimical and dangerous to national security and the
welfare of the people, and to make the financing of terrorism a crime against the Filipino people, against humanity, and against the
law of nations.

The State, likewise, recognizes and adheres to international commitments to combat the financing of terrorism, specifically to the
International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, as well as other binding terrorism-related resolutions of
the United Nations Security Council pursuant to Chapter 7 of the Charter of the United Nations (UN).

Toward this end, the State shall reinforce its fight against terrorism by criminalizing the financing of terrorism and related offenses,
and by preventing and suppressing the commission of said offenses through freezing and forfeiture of properties or funds while
protecting human rights.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. As used in this Act:

(a) Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC) refers to the Council created by virtue of Republic Act No. 9160, as amended,
otherwise known as the "Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001, as amended".

(b) Anti-Terrorism Council (ATC) refers to the Council created by, virtue of Republic Act No. 9372, otherwise known as the
"Human Security Act of 2007?.

(c) Covered institutions refer to or shall have the same meaning as defined under the Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA), as
amended.

(d) Dealing, with regard to property or funds refers to receipt, acquisition, transacting, representing, concealing, disposing
or converting, transferring or moving, use as security of or providing financial services.

(e) Designated persons refers to:

(1) any person or entity designated and/or identified as a terrorist, one who finances terrorism, or a terrorist
organization or group under the applicable United Nations Security Council Resolution or by another jurisdiction or
supranational jurisdiction;

(2) any organization, association, or group of persons proscribed pursuant to Section 17 of the Human Security Act
of 2007; or

(3) any person, organization, association, or group of persons whose funds or property, based on probable cause
are subject to seizure and sequestration under Section 39 of the Human Security Act of 2007.

(f) Forfeiture refers to a court order transferring in favor of the government, after due process, ownership of property or
funds representing, involving, or relating to financing of terrorism as defined in Section 4 or an offense under Sections 5, 6,
7, 8, or 9 of this Act.

(g) Freeze refers to the blocking or restraining of specific property or funds from being transacted, converted, concealed,
moved or disposed without affecting the ownership thereof.

(h) Property or funds refer to financial assets, property of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or
immovable, however acquired, and legal documents or instruments in any form, including electronic or digital, evidencing
title to, or interest in, such funds or other assets, including, but not limited to, bank credits, travellers cheques, bank
cheques, money orders, shares, securities, bonds, drafts, or letters of credit, and any interest, dividends or other income on
or value accruing from or generated by such funds or other assets.

(i) Terrorist refers to any natural person who: (1) commits, or attempts, or conspires to commit terrorist acts by any means,
directly or indirectly, unlawfully and willfully; (2) participates, as a principal or as an accomplice, in terrorist acts; (3)
organizes or directs others to commit terrorist acts; or (4) contributes to the commission of terrorist acts by a group of
persons acting with a common purpose where the contribution is made intentionally and with the aim of furthering the
terrorist act or with the knowledge of the intention of the group to commit a terrorist act.

(j) Terrorist acts refer to the following:

(1) Any act in violation of Section 3 or Section 4 of the Human Security Act of 2007;

(2) Any other act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an
active part in the hostilities in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act, by its nature or context,
is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from
doing any act;

(3) Any act which constitutes an offense under this Act, that is within the scope of any of the following treaties of
which the Republic of the Philippines is a State party:

(a) Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, done at The Hague on 16 December
1970 ;

(b) Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal
on 23 September 1971 ;

(c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons,
including Diplomatic Agents, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 14 December
1973;

(d) International Convention against the Taking of Hostages, adopted by the General Assembly of the
United Nations on 17 December 1979;

(e) Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna on 3 March 1980 ;

(f) Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil
Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil
Aviation, done at Montreal on 24 February 1988 ;

(g) Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, done at
Rome on 10 March 1988 ;

(h) Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the
Continental Shelf, done at Rome on 10 March 1988; or

(i) International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, adopted by the General Assembly
of the United Nations on 15 December 1997.

(k) Terrorist organization, association or a group of persons refers to any entity owned or controlled by
any terrorist or group of terrorists that: (1) commits, or attempts to commit, terrorist acts by any means,
directly or indirectly, unlawfully and willfully; (2) participates as an accomplice in terrorist acts; (3)
organizes or directs others to commit terrorist acts; or (4) contributes to the commission of terrorist acts
by a group of persons acting with common purpose of furthering the terrorist act where the contribution
 is made intentionally and with the aim of furthering the terrorist act or with the knowledge of the
intention of the group to commit a terrorist act.

Section 4. Financing of Terrorism. Any person who, directly or indirectly, willfully and without lawful excuse, possesses, provides,
collects or uses property or funds or makes available property, funds or financial service or other related services, by any means,
with the unlawful and willful intention that they should be used or with the knowledge that they are to be used, in full or in part: (a)
to carry out or facilitate the commission of any terrorist act; (b) by a terrorist organization, association or group; or (c) by an
individual terrorist, shall be guilty of the crime of financing of terrorism and shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its
maximum period to reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) nor more than One
million pesos (Php1,000,000.00).

Any person who organizes or directs others to commit financing of terrorism under the immediately preceding paragraph shall
likewise be guilty of an offense and shall suffer the same penalty as herein prescribed.

For purposes of this Act, knowledge or intent may be established by direct evidence or inferred from the attendant circumstances.

For an act to constitute a crime under this Act, it shall not be necessary that the funds were actually used to carry out a crime
referred to in Section 3(j).

Section 5. Attempt or Conspiracy to Commit the Crimes of Financing of Terrorism and Dealing with Property or Funds of Designated
Persons. Any attempt to commit any crime under Section 4 or Section 8 under this Act shall be penalized by a penalty two degrees
lower than that prescribed for the commission of the same as provided under this Act.

Any conspiracy to commit any crime under Section 4 or Section 8 of this Act shall be penalized by the same penalty prescribed for
the commission of such crime under the said sections.

There is conspiracy to commit the offenses punishable under Sections 4 and 8 of this Act when two (2) or more persons come to an
agreement concerning the commission of such offenses and decided to commit it.

Section 6. Accomplice. Any person who, not being a principal under Article 17 of the Revised Penal Code or a conspirator as
defined in Section 5 hereof, cooperates in the execution of either the crime of financing of terrorism or conspiracy to commit the
crime of financing of terrorism by previous or simultaneous acts shall suffer the penalty one degree lower than that prescribed for
the conspirator.

Section 7. Accessory. Any person who, having knowledge of the commission of the crime of financing of terrorism but without
having participated therein as a principal, takes part subsequent to its commission, by profiting from it or by assisting the principal or
principals to profit by the effects of the crime, or by concealing or destroying the effects of the crime in order to prevent its
discovery, or by harboring, concealing or assisting in the escape of a principal of the crime shall be guilty as an accessory to the crime
of financing of terrorism and shall be imposed a penalty two degrees lower than that prescribed for principals in the crime of
financing terrorism.

Section 8. Prohibition Against Dealing with Property or Funds of Designated Persons. Any person who, not being an accomplice
under Section 6 or accessory under Section 7 in relation to any property or fund: (i) deals directly or indirectly, in any way and by any
means, with any property or fund that he knows or has reasonable ground to believe is owned or controlled by a designated person,
organization, association or group of persons, including funds derived or generated from property or funds owned or controlled,
directly or indirectly, by a designated person, organization, association or group of persons; or (ii) makes available any property or
funds, or financial services or other related services to a designated and/or identified person, organization, association, or group of
persons, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period to reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than Five
hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) nor more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00).

Section 9. Offense by a Juridical Person, Corporate Body or Alien. If the offender is a corporation, association, partnership or any
juridical person, the penalty shall be imposed upon the responsible officers, as the case may be, who participated in, or allowed by
their gross negligence, the commission of the crime or who shall have knowingly permitted or failed to prevent its commission. If the
offender is a juridical person, the court may suspend or revoke its license. If the offender is an alien, the alien shall, in addition to the
penalties herein prescribed, be deported without further proceedings after serving the penalties herein prescribed.
Section 10. Authority to Investigate Financing of Terrorism. The AMLC, either upon its own initiative or at the request of the ATC, is
hereby authorized to investigate: (a) any property or funds that are in any way related to financing of terrorism or acts of terrorism;
(b) property or funds of any person or persons in relation to whom there is probable cause to believe that such person or persons
are committing or attempting or conspiring to commit, or participating in or facilitating the financing of terrorism or acts of
terrorism as defined herein.

The AMLC may also enlist the assistance of any branch, department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government,
including government-owned and -controlled corporations in undertaking measures to counter the financing of terrorism, which
may include the use of its personnel, facilities and resources.

For purposes of this section and notwithstanding the provisions of Republic Act No. 1405, otherwise known as the "Law on Secrecy
of Bank Deposits", as amended; Republic Act No. 6426, otherwise known as the "Foreign Currency Deposit Act of the Philippines", as
amended; Republic Act No. 8791, otherwise known as "The General Banking Law of 2000? and other laws, the AMLC is hereby
authorized to inquire into or examine deposits and investments with any banking institution or non-bank financial institution and
their subsidiaries and affiliates without a court order.

Section 11. Authority to Freeze. The AMLC, either upon its own initiative or at the request of the ATC, is hereby authorized to issue
an ex parte order to freeze without delay: (a) property or funds that are in any way related to financing of terrorism or acts of
terrorism; or (b) property or funds of any person, group of persons, terrorist organization, or association, in relation to whom there
is probable cause to believe that they are committing or attempting or conspiring to commit, or participating in or facilitating the
commission of financing of terrorism or acts of terrorism as defined herein.

The freeze order shall be effective for a period not exceeding twenty (20) days. Upon a petition filed by the AMLC before the
expiration of the period, the effectivity of the freeze order may be extended up to a period not exceeding six (6) months upon order
of the Court of Appeals: Provided, That the twenty-day period shall be tolled upon filing of a petition to extend the effectivity of the
freeze order.

Notwithstanding the preceding paragraphs, the AMLC, consistent with the Philippines international obligations, shall be authorized
to issue a freeze order with respect to property or funds of a designated organization, association, group or any individual to comply
with binding terrorism-related Resolutions, including Resolution No. 1373, of the UN Security Council pursuant to Article 41 of the
Charter of the UN. Said freeze order shall be effective until the basis for the issuance thereof shall have been lifted. During the
effectivity of the freeze order, an aggrieved party may, within twenty (20) days from issuance, file with the Court of Appeals a
petition to determine the basis of the freeze order according to the principle of effective judicial protection.

However, if the property or funds subject of the freeze order under the immediately preceding paragraph are found to be in any way
related to financing of terrorism or acts of terrorism committed within the jurisdiction of the Philippines , said property or funds
shall be the subject of civil forfeiture proceedings as hereinafter provided.

Section 12. Exceptions for Investigative Requirements. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding provision, the AMLC may
decide to defer the issuance of a freeze order for as long as necessary for any specific investigative/prosecutorial purposes.

Section 13. Humanitarian Exemptions. The person whose property or funds have been frozen under the first paragraph of Section
11 may withdraw such sums as the court determines to be reasonably needed for monthly family needs and sustenance including
the services of counsel and the family medical needs of such person.1wphi1

The person whose property or funds have been frozen under the third paragraph of Section 11 may withdraw such sums as the
AMLC determines to be reasonably needed for monthly family needs including the services of counsel and the family medical needs
of such person.

Section 14. Appropriation and Use of Funds of Public Attorneys Office (PAO). Any appropriation and use of funds of PAO to provide
free legal assistance or services to persons charged of the offenses defined and penalized herein shall not be construed as a violation
of this Act, thereby exempting the PAO from any liability.

Section 15. Publication of Designation. The Department of Foreign Affairs with respect to designation under Section 3 (e) (1) of this
Act, and the ATC with respect to designation under Section 3 (e) (2) and (3) and Section 11 of this Act, shall publish a list of the
designated persons to which this Act or the Human Security Act applies. The concerned agencies shall ensure that an electronic
version of the document is made available to the public on their respective website.
Each respective agency or authority shall ensure that information on procedures established in rules and regulations issued pursuant
to this Act for delisting, unfreezing and exemptions for basic, necessary or extraordinary expenses shall likewise be made available in
their respective website.

Section 16. Duty of the Covered Institutions and/or Relevant Government Agencies Upon Receipt of the Freeze Order. Upon receipt
of the notice of a freeze order, the covered institutions and/or relevant government agencies shall immediately preserve the subject
property or funds in accordance with the order of the AMLC and shall forthwith serve a copy of the notice of the freeze order upon
the owner or holder of the property or funds. Any responsible officer or other person who fails to comply with a freeze order shall
suffer the penalty of imprisonment from six (6) months to four (4) years and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos
(Php100,000.00) nor more than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00), at the discretion of the court, without prejudice to
the administrative sanctions that the AMLC may impose on the erring covered institution.

Section 17. Predicate Offense to Money Laundering. Financing of terrorism under Section 4 and offenses punishable under
Sections 5, 6, and 7 of this Act shall be predicate offenses to money laundering as defined in Republic Act No. 9160, otherwise
known as the "Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001?, as amended, and subject to its suspicious transaction reporting requirement.

Section 18. Civil Forfeiture. The procedure for the civil forfeiture of property or funds found to be in any way related to financing of
terrorism under Section 4 and other offenses punishable under Sections 5, 6, and 7 of this Act shall be made in accordance with the
AMLA, as amended, its Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations and the Rules of Procedure promulgated by the Supreme Court.

Section 19. Extra-Territorial Application of this Act. Subject to the provision of an existing treaty, including the International
Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism of which the Philippines is a State Party, and to any contrary provision
of any law of preferential application, the criminal provisions of this Act shall apply: (a) to individual persons who, although
physically outside the territorial limits of the Philippines, commit, conspire or plot to commit any of the crimes defined and punished
in this Act inside the territorial limits of the Philippines; (b) to individual persons who, although physically outside the territorial
limits of the Philippines, commit any of the said crimes on board Philippine ship or Philippine airship; (c) to individual persons who
commit any of said crimes within any embassy, consulate, or diplomatic premises belonging to or occupied by the Philippine
government in an official capacity; (d) to individual persons who, although physically outside the territorial limits of the Philippines,
commit said crimes against Philippine citizens or persons of Philippine descent, where their citizenship or ethnicity was a factor in
the commission of the crime; and (e) to individual persons who, although physically outside the territorial limits of the Philippines,
commit said crimes directly against the Philippine government.

The provisions of this Act shall likewise apply to a Filipino national who, although outside the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines
, commit, conspire or plot to commit any of the crimes defined and punished in this Act.

In case of an alien whose extradition is requested pursuant to the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of
Terrorism, and that alien is not extradited to the requesting State, the Republic of the Philippines, without exception whatsoever
and whether or not the offense was committed in the Philippines, shall submit the case without undue delay to the Department of
Justice for the purpose of prosecution in the same manner as if the act constituting the offense had been committed in the
Philippines, in which case, the courts of the Philippines shall have jurisdiction over the offense.

Section 20. Extradition. The Philippines may, at its option, subject to the principle of reciprocity, consider the International
Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism as a legal basis for requesting or granting extradition in respect of the
offenses set forth under this Act.

Section 21. Applicability of the Revised Penal Code. The provisions of Book I of the Revised Penal Code shall apply suppletorily to
this Act.

Section 22. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - Within thirty (30) days from the effectivity of this Act, the AMLC, in coordination
with relevant government agencies, shall promulgate rules and regulations to implement effectively the provisions of this Act.

The rules and regulations to be promulgated may include, but not limited to, designation, delisting, notification of matters of
interest of persons affected by the Act, exceptions for basic, necessary and extraordinary expenses, matters of evidence, definition
of probable cause, inter-agency coordination, publication of relevant information, administrative offenses and penalties, procedures
and forms, and other mechanisms for implementation of the Act.
Section 23. Separability Clause. If, for any reason, any provision of this Act is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the remaining
provisions not affected thereby shall continue to be in force and effect.

Section 24. Repealing Clause. All laws, decrees, executive orders, proclamations, rules and regulations, and other issuances, or
parts thereof, which are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Section 25. Effectivity Clause. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its complete publication in the Official Gazette or in at
least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.
Republic Act No. 7438 April 27, 1992

AN ACT DEFINING CERTAIN RIGHTS OF PERSON ARRESTED, DETAINED OR UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION AS WELL AS THE
DUTIES OF THE ARRESTING, DETAINING AND INVESTIGATING OFFICERS, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled::

Section 1. Statement of Policy. It is the policy of the Senate to value the dignity of every human being and guarantee full respect
for human rights.

Section 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial Investigation; Duties of Public Officers.

(a) Any person arrested detained or under custodial investigation shall at all times be assisted by counsel.

(b) Any public officer or employee, or anyone acting under his order or his place, who arrests, detains or investigates any
person for the commission of an offense shall inform the latter, in a language known to and understood by him, of his rights
to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel, preferably of his own choice, who shall at all times be
allowed to confer privately with the person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation. If such person cannot afford
the services of his own counsel, he must be provided with a competent and independent counsel by the investigating
officer.lawphi1

(c) The custodial investigation report shall be reduced to writing by the investigating officer, provided that before such
report is signed, or thumbmarked if the person arrested or detained does not know how to read and write, it shall be read
and adequately explained to him by his counsel or by the assisting counsel provided by the investigating officer in the
language or dialect known to such arrested or detained person, otherwise, such investigation report shall be null and void
and of no effect whatsoever.

(d) Any extrajudicial confession made by a person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation shall be in writing and
signed by such person in the presence of his counsel or in the latter's absence, upon a valid waiver, and in the presence of
any of the parents, elder brothers and sisters, his spouse, the municipal mayor, the municipal judge, district school
supervisor, or priest or minister of the gospel as chosen by him; otherwise, such extrajudicial confession shall be
inadmissible as evidence in any proceeding.

(e) Any waiver by a person arrested or detained under the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, or under
custodial investigation, shall be in writing and signed by such person in the presence of his counsel; otherwise the waiver
shall be null and void and of no effect.

(f) Any person arrested or detained or under custodial investigation shall be allowed visits by or conferences with any
member of his immediate family, or any medical doctor or priest or religious minister chosen by him or by any member of
his immediate family or by his counsel, or by any national non-governmental organization duly accredited by the
Commission on Human Rights of by any international non-governmental organization duly accredited by the Office of the
President. The person's "immediate family" shall include his or her spouse, fianc or fiance, parent or child, brother or
sister, grandparent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward.

As used in this Act, "custodial investigation" shall include the practice of issuing an "invitation" to a person who is investigated in
connection with an offense he is suspected to have committed, without prejudice to the liability of the "inviting" officer for any
violation of law.

Section 3. Assisting Counsel. Assisting counsel is any lawyer, except those directly affected by the case, those charged with
conducting preliminary investigation or those charged with the prosecution of crimes.

The assisting counsel other than the government lawyers shall be entitled to the following fees;

(a) The amount of One hundred fifty pesos (P150.00) if the suspected person is chargeable with light felonies;lawphi1alf

(b) The amount of Two hundred fifty pesos (P250.00) if the suspected person is chargeable with less grave or grave felonies;
 (c) The amount of Three hundred fifty pesos (P350.00) if the suspected person is chargeable with a capital offense.

The fee for the assisting counsel shall be paid by the city or municipality where the custodial investigation is conducted,
provided that if the municipality of city cannot pay such fee, the province comprising such municipality or city shall pay the
fee: Provided, That the Municipal or City Treasurer must certify that no funds are available to pay the fees of assisting
counsel before the province pays said fees.

In the absence of any lawyer, no custodial investigation shall be conducted and the suspected person can only be detained by the
investigating officer in accordance with the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code.

Section 4. Penalty Clause. (a) Any arresting public officer or employee, or any investigating officer, who fails to inform any person
arrested, detained or under custodial investigation of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice, shall suffer a fine of Six thousand pesos (P6,000.00) or a penalty of imprisonment of not less than eight
(8) years but not more than ten (10) years, or both. The penalty of perpetual absolute disqualification shall also be imposed upon
the investigating officer who has been previously convicted of a similar offense.

The same penalties shall be imposed upon a public officer or employee, or anyone acting upon orders of such investigating
officer or in his place, who fails to provide a competent and independent counsel to a person arrested, detained or under
custodial investigation for the commission of an offense if the latter cannot afford the services of his own counsel.

(b) Any person who obstructs, prevents or prohibits any lawyer, any member of the immediate family of a person arrested,
detained or under custodial investigation, or any medical doctor or priest or religious minister chosen by him or by any
member of his immediate family or by his counsel, from visiting and conferring privately with him, or from examining and
treating him, or from ministering to his spiritual needs, at any hour of the day or, in urgent cases, of the night shall suffer
the penalty of imprisonment of not less than four (4) years nor more than six (6) years, and a fine of four thousand pesos
(P4,000.00).lawphi1

The provisions of the above Section notwithstanding, any security officer with custodial responsibility over any detainee or prisoner
may undertake such reasonable measures as may be necessary to secure his safety and prevent his escape.

Section 5. Repealing Clause. Republic Act No. No. 857, as amended, is hereby repealed. Other laws, presidential decrees,
executive orders or rules and regulations, or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are repealed or modified
accordingly.

Section 6. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days following its publication in the Official Gazette or in any daily
newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines.

Approved: April 27, 1992.lawphi1

REPUBLIC ACT No. 4200

AN ACT TO PROHIBIT AND PENALIZE WIRE TAPPING AND OTHER RELATED VIOLATIONS OF THE PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, not being authorized by all the parties to any private communication or spoken word,
to tap any wire or cable, or by using any other device or arrangement, to secretly overhear, intercept, or record such communication
or spoken word by using a device commonly known as a dictaphone or dictagraph or dictaphone or walkie-talkie or tape recorder, or
however otherwise described:

It shall also be unlawful for any person, be he a participant or not in the act or acts penalized in the next preceding sentence, to
knowingly possess any tape record, wire record, disc record, or any other such record, or copies thereof, of any communication or
spoken word secured either before or after the effective date of this Act in the manner prohibited by this law; or to replay the same
for any other person or persons; or to communicate the contents thereof, either verbally or in writing, or to furnish transcriptions
thereof, whether complete or partial, to any other person: Provided, That the use of such record or any copies thereof as evidence in
any civil, criminal investigation or trial of offenses mentioned in section 3 hereof, shall not be covered by this prohibition.

Section 2. Any person who willfully or knowingly does or who shall aid, permit, or cause to be done any of the acts declared to be
unlawful in the preceding section or who violates the provisions of the following section or of any order issued thereunder, or aids,
permits, or causes such violation shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by imprisonment for not less than six months or more
than six years and with the accessory penalty of perpetual absolute disqualification from public office if the offender be a public
official at the time of the commission of the offense, and, if the offender is an alien he shall be subject to deportation proceedings.

Section 3. Nothing contained in this Act, however, shall render it unlawful or punishable for any peace officer, who is authorized by a
written order of the Court, to execute any of the acts declared to be unlawful in the two preceding sections in cases involving the
crimes of treason, espionage, provoking war and disloyalty in case of war, piracy, mutiny in the high seas, rebellion, conspiracy and
proposal to commit rebellion, inciting to rebellion, sedition, conspiracy to commit sedition, inciting to sedition, kidnapping as
defined by the Revised Penal Code, and violations of Commonwealth Act No. 616, punishing espionage and other offenses against
national security: Provided, That such written order shall only be issued or granted upon written application and the examination
under oath or affirmation of the applicant and the witnesses he may produce and a showing: (1) that there are reasonable grounds
to believe that any of the crimes enumerated hereinabove has been committed or is being committed or is about to be
committed: Provided, however, That in cases involving the offenses of rebellion, conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion,
inciting to rebellion, sedition, conspiracy to commit sedition, and inciting to sedition, such authority shall be granted only upon prior
proof that a rebellion or acts of sedition, as the case may be, have actually been or are being committed; (2) that there are
reasonable grounds to believe that evidence will be obtained essential to the conviction of any person for, or to the solution of, or to
the prevention of, any of such crimes; and (3) that there are no other means readily available for obtaining such evidence.

The order granted or issued shall specify: (1) the identity of the person or persons whose communications, conversations,
discussions, or spoken words are to be overheard, intercepted, or recorded and, in the case of telegraphic or telephonic
communications, the telegraph line or the telephone number involved and its location; (2) the identity of the peace officer
authorized to overhear, intercept, or record the communications, conversations, discussions, or spoken words; (3) the offense or
offenses committed or sought to be prevented; and (4) the period of the authorization. The authorization shall be effective for the
period specified in the order which shall not exceed sixty (60) days from the date of issuance of the order, unless extended or
renewed by the court upon being satisfied that such extension or renewal is in the public interest.

All recordings made under court authorization shall, within forty-eight hours after the expiration of the period fixed in the order, be
deposited with the court in a sealed envelope or sealed package, and shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the peace officer
granted such authority stating the number of recordings made, the dates and times covered by each recording, the number of tapes,
discs, or records included in the deposit, and certifying that no duplicates or copies of the whole or any part thereof have been
made, or if made, that all such duplicates or copies are included in the envelope or package deposited with the court. The envelope
or package so deposited shall not be opened, or the recordings replayed, or used in evidence, or their contents revealed, except
upon order of the court, which shall not be granted except upon motion, with due notice and opportunity to be heard to the person
or persons whose conversation or communications have been recorded.

The court referred to in this section shall be understood to mean the Court of First Instance within whose territorial jurisdiction the
acts for which authority is applied for are to be executed.
Section 4. Any communication or spoken word, or the existence, contents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning of the same or any
part thereof, or any information therein contained obtained or secured by any person in violation of the preceding sections of this
Act shall not be admissible in evidence in any judicial, quasi-judicial, legislative or administrative hearing or investigation.

Section 5. All laws inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or accordingly amended.

Section 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved: June 19, 1965

REPUBLIC ACT No. 10591

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE LAW ON FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR
VIOLATIONS THEREOF

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

ARTICLE I
TITLE, DECLARATION OF POLICY AND DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 1. Short Title. This Act shall be known as the "Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition Regulation Act".

Section 2. Declaration of State Policy. It is the policy of the State to maintain peace and order and protect the people against
violence. The State also recognizes the right of its qualified citizens to self-defense through, when it is the reasonable means to repel
the unlawful aggression under the circumstances, the use of firearms. Towards this end, the State shall provide for a comprehensive
law regulating the ownership, possession, carrying, manufacture, dealing in and importation of firearms, ammunition, or parts
thereof, in order to provide legal support to law enforcement agencies in their campaign against crime, stop the proliferation of
illegal firearms or weapons and the illegal manufacture of firearms or weapons, ammunition and parts thereof.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. As used in this Act:

(a) Accessories refer to parts of a firearm which may enhance or increase the operational efficiency or accuracy of a firearm
but will not constitute any of the major or minor internal parts thereof such as, hut not limited to, laser scope, telescopic
sight and sound suppressor or silencer.

(b) Ammunition refers to a complete unfixed unit consisting of a bullet, gunpowder, cartridge case and primer or loaded
shell for use in any firearm.

(c) Antique firearm refers to any: (1) firearm which was manufactured at least seventy-five (75) years prior to the current
date but not including replicas; (2) firearm which is certified by the National Museum of the Philippines to be curio or relic
of museum interest; and (3) any other firearm which derives a substantial part of its monetary value from the fact that it is
novel, rare, bizarre or because of its association with some historical figure, period or event.

(d) Arms smuggling refers to the import, export, acquisition, sale, delivery, movement or transfer of firearms, their parts
and components and ammunition, from or across the territory of one country to that of another country which has not
been authorized in accordance with domestic law in either or both country/countries.

(e) Authority to import refers to a document issued by the Chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP) authorizing the
importation of firearms, or their parts, ammunition and other components.

(f) Authorized dealer refers to any person, legal entity, corporation, partnership or business entity duly licensed by the
Firearms and Explosive Office (FEO) of the PNP to engage in the business of buying and selling ammunition, firearms or
parte thereof, at wholesale or retail basis.

(g) Authorized importer refers to any person, legal entity, corporation, partnership or business duly licensed by the FEO of
the PNP to engage in the business of importing ammunition and firearms, or parts thereof into the territory of the Republic
of the Philippines for purposes of sale or distribution under the provisions of this Act.

(h) Authorized manufacturer refers to any person, legal entity, corporation, or partnership duly licensed by the FEO of the
PNP to engage in the business of manufacturing firearms, and ammunition or parts thereof for purposes of sale or
distribution.1wphi1

(i) Confiscated firearm refers to a firearm that is taken into custody by the PNP, National Bureau of Investigation (NBI),
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), and all other law enforcement agencies by reason of their mandate and must
be necessarily reported or turned over to the PEO of the PNP.
(j) Demilitarized firearm refers to a firearm deliberately made incapable of performing its main purpose of firing a projectile.

(k) Duty detail order refers to a document issued by the juridical entity or employer wherein the details of the disposition of
firearm is spelled-out, thus indicating the name of the employee, the firearm information, the specific duration and location
of posting or assignment and the authorized bonded firearm custodian for the juridical entity to whom such firearm is
turned over after the lapse of the order.

(l) Firearm refers to any handheld or portable weapon, whether a small arm or light weapon, that expels or is designed to
expel a bullet, shot, slug, missile or any projectile, which is discharged by means of expansive force of gases from burning
gunpowder or other form of combustion or any similar instrument or implement. For purposes of this Act, the barrel, frame
or receiver is considered a firearm.

(m) Firearms Information Management System (FIMS) refers to the compilation of all data and information on firearms
ownership and disposition for record purposes.

(n) Forfeited firearm refers to a firearm that is subject to forfeiture by reason of court order as accessory penalty or for the
disposition by the FEO of the PNP of firearms considered as abandoned, surrendered, confiscated or revoked in compliance
with existing rules and regulations.

(o) Gun club refers to an organization duly registered with and accredited in good standing by the FEO of the PNP which is
established for the purpose of propagating responsible and safe gun ownership, proper appreciation and use of firearms by
its members, for the purpose of sports and shooting competition, self-defense and collection purposes.

(p) Gunsmith refers to any person, legal entity, corporation, partnership or business duly licensed by the FEO of the PNP to
engage in the business of repairing firearms and other weapons or constructing or assembling firearms and weapons from
finished or manufactured parts thereof on a per order basis and not in commercial quantities or of making minor parts for
the purpose of repairing or assembling said firearms or weapons.

(q) Imitation firearm refers to a replica of a firearm, or other device that is so substantially similar in coloration and overall
appearance to an existing firearm as to lead a reasonable person to believe that such imitation firearm is a real firearm.

(r) Licensed citizen refers to any Filipino who complies with the qualifications set forth in this Act and duly issued with a
license to possess or to carry firearms outside of the residence in accordance with this Act.

(s) Licensed, juridical entity refers to corporations, organizations, businesses including security agencies and local
government units (LGUs) which are licensed to own and possess firearms in accordance with this Act.

(t) Light weapons are: Class-A Light weapons which refer to self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, submachine guns,
assault rifles and light machine guns not exceeding caliber 7.62MM which have fully automatic mode; and Class-B Light
weapons which refer to weapons designed for use by two (2) or more persons serving as a crew, or rifles and machine guns
exceeding caliber 7.62MM such as heavy machine guns, handheld underbarrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable
anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti-tank missile and rocket systems,
portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a caliber of less than 100MM.

(u) Long certificate of registration refers to licenses issued to government agencies or offices or government-owned or -
controlled corporations for firearms to be used by their officials and employees who are qualified to possess firearms as
provider in this Act, excluding security guards.

(v) Loose firearm refers to an unregistered firearm, an obliterated or altered firearm, firearm which has been lost or stolen,
illegally manufactured firearms, registered firearms in the possession of an individual other than the licensee and those
with revoked licenses in accordance with the rules and regulations.

(w) Major part or components of a firearm refers to the barrel, slide, frame, receiver, cylinder or the bolt assembly. The
term also includes any part or kit designed and intended for use in converting a semi-automatic burst to a full automatic
firearm.
 (x) Minor parts of a firearm refers to the parts of the firearm other than the major parts which are necessary to effect and
complete the action of expelling a projectile by way of combustion, except those classified as accessories.

(y) Permit to carry firearm outside of residence refers to a written authority issued to a licensed citizen by the Chief of the
PNP which entitles such person to carry his/her registered or lawfully issued firearm outside of the residence for the
duration and purpose specified in the authority.

(z) Permit to transport firearm refers to a written authority issued to a licensed citizen or entity by the Chief of the PNP or
by a PNP Regional Director which entitles such person or entity to transport a particular firearm from and to a specific
location within the duration and purpose in the authority.

(aa) Residence refers to the place or places of abode of the licensed citizen as indicated in his/her license.

(bb) Shooting range refers to a facility established for the purpose of firearms training and skills development, firearm
testing, as well as for sports and competition shooting either for the exclusive use of its members or open to the general
public, duly registered with and accredited in good standing by the FEO of the PNP.

(cc) Short certificate of registration refers to a certificate issued by the FEO of the PNP for a government official or
employee who was issued by his/her employer department, agency or government-owned or -controlled corporation a
firearm covered by the long certificate of registration.

(dd) Small arms refer to firearms intended to be or primarily designed for individual use or that which is generally
considered to mean a weapon intended to be fired from the hand or shoulder, which are not capable of fully automatic
bursts of discharge, such as:

(1) Handgun which is a firearm intended to be fired from the hand, which includes:

(i) A pistol which is a hand-operated firearm having a chamber integral with or permanently aligned with
the bore which may be self-loading; and

(ii) Revolver which is a hand-operated firearm with a revolving cylinder containing chambers for individual
cartridges.

(2) Rifle which is a shoulder firearm or designed to be fired from the shoulder that can discharge a bullet through a
rifled barrel by different actions of loading, which may be classified as lever, bolt, or self-loading; and

(3) Shotgun which is a weapon designed, made and intended to fire a number of ball shots or a single projectile
through a smooth bore by the action or energy from burning gunpowder.

(ee) Sports shooting competition refers to a defensive, precision or practical sport shooting competition duly authorized by
the FEO of the PNP.

(ff) Tampered, obliterated or altered firearm refers to any firearm whose serial number or other identification or ballistics
characteristics have been intentionally tampered with, obliterated or altered without authority or in order to conceal its
source, identity or ownership.

(gg) Thermal weapon sight refers to a battery operated, uncooled thermal imaging device which amplifies available thermal
signatures so that the viewed scene becomes clear to the operator which is used to locate and engage targets during
daylight and from low light to total darkness and operates in adverse conditions such as light rain, light snow, and dry
smoke or in conjunction with other optical and red dot sights.

ARTICLE II
OWNERSHIP AND POSSESSION OF FIREARMS

Section 4. Standards and Requisites for Issuance of and Obtaining a License to Own and Possess Firearms. In order to qualify and
acquire a license to own and possess a firearm or firearms and ammunition, the applicant must be a Filipino citizen, at least twenty-
one (21) years old and has gainful work, occupation or business or has filed an Income Tax Return (ITR) for the preceding year as
proof of income, profession, business or occupation.

In addition, the applicant shall submit the following certification issued by appropriate authorities attesting the following:

(a) The applicant has not been convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude;

(b) The applicant has passed the psychiatric test administered by a PNP-accredited psychologist or psychiatrist;

(c) The applicant has passed the drug test conducted by an accredited and authorized drug testing laboratory or clinic;

(d) The applicant has passed a gun safety seminar which is administered by the PNP or a registered and authorized gun
club;

(e) The applicant has filed in writing the application to possess a registered firearm which shall state the personal
circumstances of the applicant;

(f) The applicant must present a police clearance from the city or municipality police office; and

(g) The applicant has not been convicted or is currently an accused in a pending criminal case before any court of law for a
crime that is punishable with a penalty of more than two (2) years.

For purposes of this Act, an acquittal or permanent dismissal of a criminal case before the courts of law shall qualify the accused
thereof to qualify and acquire a license.

The applicant shall pay the reasonable licensing fees as may be provided in the implementing rules and regulations of this Act.

An applicant who intends to possess a firearm owned by a juridical entity shall submit his/her duty detail order to the FEO of the
PNP.

Section 5. Ownership of Firearms and Ammunition by a Juridical Entity. A juridical person maintaining its own security force may be
issued a regular license to own and possess firearms and ammunition under the following conditions:

(a) It must be Filipino-owned and duly registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC);

(b) It is current, operational and a continuing concern;

(c) It has completed and submitted all its reportorial requirements to the SEC; and

(d) It has paid all its income taxes for the year, as duly certified by the Bureau of Internal Revenue.

The application shall be made in the name of the juridical person represented by its President or any of its officers mentioned below
as duly authorized in a board resolution to that effect: Provided, That the officer applying for the juridical entity, shall possess all the
qualifications required of a citizen applying for a license to possess firearms.

Other corporate officers eligible to represent the juridical person are: the vice president, treasurer, and board secretary.

Security agencies and LGUs shall be included in this category of licensed holders but shall be subject to additional requirements as
may be required by the Chief of the PNP.

Section 6. Ownership of Firearms by the National Government. All firearms owned by the National Government shall be registered
with the FEO of the PNP in the name of the Republic of the Philippines. Such registration shall be exempt from all duties and taxes
that may otherwise be levied on other authorized owners of firearms. For reason of national security, firearms of the Armed Forces
of the Philippines (AFP), Coast Guard and other law enforcement agencies shall only be reported to the FEO of the PNP.
Section 7. Carrying of Firearms Outside of Residence or Place of Business. A permit to carry firearms outside of residence shall be
issued by the Chief of the PNP or his/her duly authorized representative to any qualified person whose life is under actual threat or
his/her life is in imminent danger due to the nature of his/her profession, occupation or business.

It shall be the burden of the applicant to prove that his/her life is under actual threat by submitting a threat assessment certificate
from the PNP.

For purposes of this Act, the following professionals are considered to be in imminent danger due to the nature of their profession,
occupation or business:

(a) Members of the Philippine Bar;

(b) Certified Public Accountants;

(c) Accredited Media Practitioners;

(d) Cashiers, Bank Tellers;

(e) Priests, Ministers, Rabbi, Imams;

(f) Physicians and Nurses;

(g) Engineers; and

(h) Businessmen, who by the nature of their business or undertaking, are exposed to high risk of being targets of criminal
elements.

ARTICLE III
REGISTRATION AND LICENSING

Section 8. Authority to Issue License. The Chief of the PNP, through the FEO of the PNP, shall issue licenses to qualified individuals
and to cause the registration of firearms.

Section 9. Licenses Issued to Individuals. Subject to the requirements set forth in this Act and payment of required fees to be
determined by the Chief of the PNP, a qualified individual may be issued the appropriate license under the following categories;

Type 1 license allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of two (2) registered firearms;

Type 2 license allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of five (5) registered firearms;

Type 3 license allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of ten (10) registered firearms;

Type 4 license allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of fifteen (15) registered firearms; and

Type 5 license allows a citizen, who is a certified gun collector, to own and possess more than fifteen (15) registered
firearms.

For Types 1 to 5 licenses, a vault or a container secured by lock and key or other security measures for the safekeeping of firearms
shall be required.

For Types 3 to 5 licenses, the citizen must comply with the inspection and bond requirements.

Section 10. Firearms That May Be Registered. Only small arms may be registered by licensed citizens or licensed juridical entities
for ownership, possession and concealed carry. A light weapon shall be lawfully acquired or possessed exclusively by the AFP, the
PNP and other law enforcement agencies authorized by the President in the performance of their duties: Provided, That private
individuals who already have licenses to possess Class-A light weapons upon the effectivity of this Act shall not be deprived of the
privilege to continue possessing the same and renewing the licenses therefor, for the sole reason that these firearms are Class "A"
light weapons, and shall be required to comply with other applicable provisions of this Act.

Section 11. Registration of Firearms. The licensed citizen or licensed juridical entity shall register his/her/its firearms so purchased
with the FEO of the PNP in accordance with the type of license such licensed citizen or licensed juridical entity possesses. A
certificate of registration of the firearm shall be issued upon payment of reasonable fees.

For purposes of this Act, registration refers to the application, approval, record-keeping and monitoring of firearms with the FEO of
the PNP in accordance with the type of license issued to any person under Section 9 of this Act.

Section 12. License to Possess Ammunition Necessarily Included. The licenses granted to qualified citizens or juridical entities as
provided in Section 9 of this Act shall include the license to possess ammunition with a maximum of fifty (50) rounds for each
registered firearm: Provided; That the FEO of the PNP may allow more ammunition to be possessed by licensed sports shooters.

Section 13. Issuance of License to Manufacture or Deal In Firearms and Ammunition. Any person desiring to manufacture or deal in
firearms, parts of firearms or ammunition thereof, or instruments and implements used or intended to be used in the manufacture
of firearms, parts of firearms or ammunition, shall make an application to:

(a) The Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) in the case of an application for a license
to manufacture; and

(b) The Chief of the PNP in the case of a license to deal in firearms and firearms parts, ammunition and gun repair.

The applicant shall state the amount of capitalization for manufacture or cost of the purchase and sale of said articles intended to be
transacted by such applicant; and the types of firms, ammunition or implements which the applicant intends to manufacture or
purchase and sell under the license applied for; and such additional information as may be especially requested by the Secretary of
the DILG or the Chief of the PNP.

The Secretary of the DILG or the Chief of the PNP may approve or disapprove such application based on the prescribed guidelines. In
the case of approval, the Secretary of the DILG or the Chief of the PNP shall indicate the amount of the bond to be executed by the
applicant before the issuance of the license and the period of time by which said license shall be effective, unless sooner revoked by
their authority.

Upon approval of the license to manufacture or otherwise deal in firearms by the Secretary of the DILG or the Chief of the PNP as
the case may be, the same shall be transmitted to the FEO of the PNP which shall issue the license in accordance with the approved
terms and conditions, upon the execution and delivery by the applicant of the required bond conditioned upon the faithful
compliance on the part of the licensee to the laws and regulations relative to the business licensed.

Section 14. Scope of License to Manufacture Firearms and Ammunition. The scope of the License to Manufacture firearms and
ammunition shall also include the following:

(a) The authority to manufacture and assemble firearms, ammunition, spare parts and accessories, ammunition
components, and reloading of ammunitions, within sites, areas, and factories stated therein. The Secretary of the DILG shall
approve such license;

(b) The license to deal in or sell all the items covered by the License to Manufacture, such as parts, firearms or ammunition
and components;

(c) The authority to subcontract the manufacturing of parts and accessories necessary for the firearms which the
manufacturer is licensed to manufacture: Provided, That the subcontractor of major parts or major components is also
licensed to manufacture firearms and ammunition; and

(d) The authority to import machinery, equipment, and firearm parts and ammunition components for the manufacture
thereof. Firearm parts and ammunition components to be imported shall, however, be limited to those authorized to be
 manufactured as reflected in the approved License to Manufacture. The Import Permit shall be under the administration of
the PNP.

A licensed manufacturer of ammunition is also entitled to import various reference firearms needed to test the ammunition
manufactured under the License to Manufacture. A licensed manufacturer of firearms, on the other hand, is entitled to import
various firearms for reference, test and evaluation for manufacture of similar, types of firearms covered by the License to
Manufacture.

An export permit shall, however, be necessary to export manufactured parts or finished products of firearms and ammunition. The
Export Permit of firearms and ammunition shall be under the administration of the PNP.

Section 15. Registration of Locally Manufactured and Imported Firearms. Local manufacturers and importers of firearms and major
parts thereof shall register the same as follows:

(a) For locally manufactured firearms and major parts thereof, the initial registration shall be done at the manufacturing
facility: Provided, That firearms intended for export shall no longer be subjected to ballistic identification procedures; and

(b) For imported firearms and major parts thereof, the registration shall be done upon arrival at the FEO of the PNP storage
facility.

Section 16. License and Scope of License to Deal. The License to Deal authorizes the purchase, sale and general business in
handling firearms and ammunition, major and minor parts of firearms, accessories, spare parts, components, and reloading
machines, which shall be issued by the Chief of the PNP.

Section 17. License and Scope of License for Gunsmiths. The license for gunsmiths shall allow the grantee to repair registered
firearms. The license shall include customization of firearms from finished or manufactured parts thereof on per order basis and not
in commercial quantities and making the minor parts thereof, i.e. pins, triggers, trigger bows, sights and the like only for the purpose
of repairing the registered firearm. The license for gunsmiths shall be issued by the Chief of the PNP.

Section 18. Firearms for Use in Sports and Competitions. A qualified individual shall apply for a permit to transport his/her
registered firearm/s from his/her residence to the firing range/s and competition sites as may be warranted.

Section 19. Renewal of Licenses and Registration. All types of licenses to possess a firearm shall be renewed every two (2) years.
Failure to renew the license on or before the date of its expiration shall cause the revocation of the license and of the registration of
the firearm/s under said licensee.

The registration of the firearm shall be renewed every four (4) years. Failure to renew the registration of the firearm on or before
the date of expiration shall cause the revocation of the license of the firearm. The said firearm shall be confiscated or forfeited in
favor of the government after due process.

The failure to renew a license or registration within the periods stated above on two (2) occasions shall cause the holder of the
firearm to be perpetually disqualified from applying for any firearm license. The application for the renewal of the license or
registration may be submitted to the FEO of the PNP, within six (6) months before the date of the expiration of such license or
registration.

Section 20. Inspection and Inventory. The Chief of the PNP or his/her authorized representative shall require the submission of
reports, inspect or examine the inventory and records of a licensed manufacturer, dealer or importer of firearms and ammunition
during reasonable hours.

ARTICLE IV
ACQUISITION, DEPOSIT OF FIREARMS, ABANDONED, DEMILITARIZED AND ANTIQUE FIREARMS

Section 21. Acquisition or Purchase and Sale of Firearms and Ammunition. Firearms and ammunition may only be acquired or
purchased from authorized dealers, importers or local manufacturers and may be transferred or sold only from a licensed citizen or
licensed juridical entity to another licensed citizen or licensed juridical entity: Provided, That, during election periods, the sale and
registration of firearms and ammunition and the issuance of the corresponding licenses to citizens shall be allowed on the condition
that the transport or delivery thereof shall strictly comply with the issuances, resolutions, rules and regulations promulgated by the
Commission on Elections.

Section 22. Deposit of Firearms by Persons Arriving From Abroad. A person arriving in the Philippines who is legally in possession of
any firearm or ammunition in his/her country of origin and who has declared the existence of the firearm upon embarkation and
disembarkation but whose firearm is not registered in the Philippines in accordance with this Act shall deposit the same upon
written receipt with the Collector of Customs for delivery to the FEO of the PNP for safekeeping, or for the issuance of a permit to
transport if the person is a competitor in a sports shooting competition. If the importation of the same is allowed and the party in
question desires to obtain a domestic firearm license, the same should be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
If no license is desired or leave to import is not granted, the firearm or ammunition in question shall remain in the custody of the
FEO of the PNP until otherwise disposed of in-accordance with law.

Section 23. Return of Firearms to Owner upon Departure from the Philippines. Upon the departure from the Philippines of any
person whose firearm or ammunition is in the custody of the FEO of the PNP, the same shall, upon timely request, be delivered to
the person through the Collector of Customs. In the case of a participant in a local sports shooting competition, the firearm must be
presented to the Collector of Customs before the same is allowed to be loaded on board the carrier on which the person is to board.

Section 24. Safekeeping of Firearms and Ammunition. Any licensee may deposit a registered firearm to the FEO of the PNP, or any
Police Regional Office for safekeeping. Reasonable fees for storage shall be imposed.

Section 25. Abandoned Firearms and Ammunition. Any firearm or ammunition deposited in the custody of the FEO of the PNP
pursuant to the provisions of this Act, shall be deemed to have been abandoned by the owner or his/her authorized representative if
he/she failed to reclaim the same within five (5) years or failed to advise the FEO of the PNP of the disposition to be made thereof.
Thereafter, the FEO of the PNP may dispose of the same after compliance with established procedures.

Section 26. Death or Disability of Licensee. Upon the death or legal disability of the holder of a firearm license, it shall be the duty
of his/her next of kin, nearest relative, legal representative, or other person who shall knowingly come into possession of such
firearm or ammunition, to deliver the same to the FEO of the PNP or Police Regional Office, and such firearm or ammunition shall be
retained by the police custodian pending the issuance of a license and its registration in accordance, with this Act. The failure to
deliver the firearm or ammunition within six (6) months after the death or legal disability of the licensee shall render the possessor
liable for illegal possession of the firearm.

Section 27. Antique Firearm. Any person who possesses an antique firearm shall register the same and secure a collectors license
from the FEO of the PNP. Proper storage of antique firearm shall be strictly imposed. Noncompliance of this provision shall be
considered as illegal possession of the firearm as penalized in this Act.

ARTICLE V
PENAL PROVISIONS

Section 28. Unlawful Acquisition, or Possession of Firearms and Ammunition. The unlawful acquisition, possession of firearms and
ammunition shall be penalized as follows:

(a) The penalty of prision mayor in its medium period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess a small arm;

(b) The penalty of reclusion temporal to reclusion perpetua shall be imposed if three (3) or more small arms or Class-A light
weapons are unlawfully acquired or possessed by any person;

(c) The penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess a Class-A light weapon;

(d) The penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon any person who shall, unlawfully acquire or possess a Class-B
light weapon;

(e) The penalty of one (1) degree higher than that provided in paragraphs (a) to (c) in this section shall be imposed upon any
person who shall unlawfully possess any firearm under any or combination of the following conditions:
 (1) Loaded with ammunition or inserted with a loaded magazine;

(2) Fitted or mounted with laser or any gadget used to guide the shooter to hit the target such as thermal weapon
sight (TWS) and the like;

(3) Fitted or mounted with sniper scopes, firearm muffler or firearm silencer;

(4) Accompanied with an extra barrel; and

(5) Converted to be capable of firing full automatic bursts.

(f) The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess a major part of a small arm;

(g) The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess ammunition for a small arm or Class-A light weapon. If the violation of this paragraph is committed by the same
person charged with the unlawful acquisition or possession of a small arm, the former violation shall be absorbed by the
latter;

(h) The penalty of prision mayor in its medium period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess a major part of a Class-A light weapon;

(i) The penalty of prision mayor in its medium period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess ammunition for a Class-A light weapon. If the violation of this paragraph is committed by the same person charged
with the unlawful acquisition or possession of a Class-A light weapon, the former violation shall be absorbed by the latter;

(j) The penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess a major part of a Class-B light weapon; and

(k) The penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully acquire or
possess ammunition for a Class-B light weapon. If the violation of this paragraph is committed by the same person charged
with the unlawful acquisition or possession of a Class-B light weapon, the former violation shall be absorbed by the latter.

Section 29. Use of Loose Firearm in the Commission of a Crime. The use of a loose firearm, when inherent in the commission of a
crime punishable under the Revised Penal Code or other special laws, shall be considered as an aggravating
circumstance: Provided, That if the crime committed with the use of a loose firearm is penalized by the law with a maximum penalty
which is lower than that prescribed in the preceding section for illegal possession of firearm, the penalty for illegal possession of
firearm shall be imposed in lieu of the penalty for the crime charged: Provided, further, That if the crime committed with the use of a
loose firearm is penalized by the law with a maximum penalty which is equal to that imposed under the preceding section for illegal
possession of firearms, the penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period shall be imposed in addition to the penalty for the crime
punishable under the Revised Penal Code or other special laws of which he/she is found guilty.

If the violation of this Act is in furtherance of, or incident to, or in connection with the crime of rebellion of insurrection, or
attempted coup d etat, such violation shall be absorbed as an element of the crime of rebellion or insurrection, or attempted coup
d etat.

If the crime is committed by the person without using the loose firearm, the violation of this Act shall be considered as a distinct and
separate offense.

Section 30. Liability of Juridical Person. The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum to prision mayor in its medium period shall be
imposed upon the owner, president, manager, director or other responsible officer of/any public or private firm, company,
corporation or entity who shall willfully or knowingly allow any of the firearms owned by such firm, company, corporation or entity
to be used by any person or persons found guilty of violating the provisions of the preceding section, or willfully or knowingly allow
any of them to use unregistered firearm or firearms without any legal authority to be carried outside of their residence in the course
of their employment.
Section 31. Absence of Permit to Carry Outside of Residence. The penalty of prision correccional and a fine of Ten thousand pesos
(P10,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person who is licensed to own a firearm but who shall carry the registered firearm outside
his/her residence without any legal authority therefor.

Section 32. Unlawful Manufacture, Importation, Sale or Disposition of Firearms or Ammunition or Parts Thereof, Machinery, Tool or
Instrument Used or Intended to be Used in the Manufacture of Firearms, Ammunition or Parts Thereof. The penalty of reclusion
temporal to reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully engage in the manufacture, importation, sale
or disposition of a firearm or ammunition, or a major part of a firearm or ammunition, or machinery, tool or instrument used or
intended to be used by the same person in the manufacture of a firearm, ammunition, or a major part thereof.

The possession of any machinery, tool or instrument used directly in the manufacture of firearms, ammunition, or major parts
thereof by any person whose business, employment or activity does not lawfully deal with the possession of such article, shall
be prima facie evidence that such article is intended to be used in the unlawful or illegal manufacture of firearms, ammunition or
parts thereof.

The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period to prision mayor in its medium period shall be imposed upon any laborer, worker
or employee of a licensed firearms dealer who shall unlawfully take, sell or otherwise dispose of parts of firearms or ammunition
which the company manufactures and sells, and other materials used by the company in the manufacture or sale of firearms or
ammunition. The buyer or possessor of such stolen part or material, who is aware that such part or material was stolen, shall suffer
the same penalty as the laborer, worker or employee.

If the violation or offense is committed by a corporation, partnership, association or other juridical entity, the penalty provided for in
this section shall be imposed upon the directors, officers, employees or other officials or persons therein who knowingly and
willingly participated in the unlawful act.

Section 33. Arms Smuggling. The penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon any person who shall engage or participate
in arms smuggling as defined in this Act.

Section 34. Tampering, Obliteration or Alteration of Firearms Identification. The penalty of prision correccional to prision mayor in
its minimum period shall be imposed upon any person who shall tamper, obliterate or alter without authority the barrel, slide,
frame, receiver, cylinder, or bolt assembly, including the name of the maker, model, or serial number of any firearm, or who shall
replace without authority the barrel, slide, frame, receiver, cylinder, or bolt assembly, including its individual or peculiar identifying
characteristics essential in forensic examination of a firearm or light weapon.

The PNP shall place this information, including its individual or peculiar identifying characteristics into the database of integrated
firearms identification system of the PNP Crime Laboratory for future use and identification of a particular firearm.

Section 35. Use of an Imitation Firearm. An imitation firearm used in the commission of a crime shall be considered a real firearm
as defined in this Act and the person who committed the crime shall be punished in accordance with this Act: Provided, That injuries
caused on the occasion of the conduct of competitions, sports, games, or any recreation activities involving imitation firearms shall
not be punishable under this Act.

Section 36. In Custodia Legis. During the pendency of any case filed in violation of this Act, seized firearm, ammunition, or parts
thereof, machinery, tools or instruments shall remain in the custody of the court. If the court decides that it has no adequate means
to safely keep the same, the court shall issue an order to turn over to the PNP Crime Laboratory such firearm, ammunition, or parts
thereof, machinery, tools or instruments in its custody during the pendency of the case and to produce the same to the court when
so ordered. No bond shall be admitted for the release of the firearm, ammunition or parts thereof, machinery, tool or instrument.
Any violation of this paragraph shall be punishable by prision mayor in its minimum period to prision mayor in its medium period.

Section 37. Confiscation and Forfeiture. The imposition of penalty for any violation of this Act shall carry with it the accessory
penalty of confiscation and forfeiture of the firearm, ammunition, or parts thereof, machinery, tool or instrument in favor of the
government which shall be disposed of in accordance with law.

Section 38. Liability for Planting Evidence. The penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period shall be imposed upon any person
who shall willfully and maliciously insert; place, and/or attach, directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act, any firearm, or
ammunition, or parts thereof in the person, house, effects, or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of
implicating or incriminating the person, or imputing the commission of any violation of the provisions of this Act to said individual. If
the person found guilty under this paragraph is a public officer or employee, such person shall suffer the penalty of reclusion
perpetua.

Section 39. Grounds for Revocation, Cancellation or Suspension of License or Permit. The Chief of the PNP or his/her authorized
representative may revoke, cancel or suspend a license or permit on the following grounds:

(a) Commission of a crime or offense involving the firearm, ammunition, of major parts thereof;

(b) Conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude or any offense where the penalty carries an imprisonment of more than
six (6) years;

(c) Loss of the firearm, ammunition, or any parts thereof through negligence;

(d) Carrying of the firearm, ammunition, or major parts thereof outside of residence or workplace without, the proper
permit to carry the same;

(e) Carrying of the firearm, ammunition, or major parts thereof in prohibited places;

(f) Dismissal for cause from the service in case of government official and employee;

(g) Commission of any of the acts penalized under Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the "Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002;

(h) Submission of falsified documents or misrepresentation in the application to obtain a license or permit;

(i) Noncompliance of reportorial requirements; and

(j) By virtue of a court order.

Section 40. Failure to Notify Lost or Stolen Firearm or Light Weapon. A fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any licensed firearm holder who fails to report to the FEO of the PNP that the subject firearm has been lost or stolen within a
period of thirty (30) days from the date of discovery.

Likewise, a fine of Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person holding a valid firearm license who changes
residence or office address other than that indicated in the license card and fails within a period of thirty (30) days from said transfer
to notify the FEO of the PNP of such change of address.

Section 41. Illegal Transfer/Registration of Firearms. It shall be unlawful to transfer possession of any firearm to any person who
has not yet obtained or secured the necessary license or permit thereof.

The penalty of prision correccional shall be imposed upon any person who shall violate the provision of the preceding paragraph. In
addition, he/she shall be disqualified to apply for a license to possess other firearms and all his/her existing firearms licenses
whether for purposes of commerce or possession, shall be revoked. If government-issued firearms, ammunition or major parts of
firearms or light weapons are unlawfully disposed, sold or transferred by any law enforcement agent or public officer to private
individuals, the penalty of reclusion temporal shall be imposed.

Any public officer or employee or any person who shall facilitate the registration of a firearm through fraud, deceit,
misrepresentation or submission of falsified documents shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional.

ARTICLE VI
FINAL PROVISIONS

Section 42. Firearms Repository. The FEO of the PNP shall be the sole repository of all firearms records to include imported and
locally manufactured firearms and ammunition. Within one (1) year upon approval of this Act, all military and law enforcement
agencies, government agencies, LGUs and government-owned or -controlled corporations shall submit an inventory of all their
firearms and ammunition to the PNP.
Section 43. Final Amnesty. Persons in possession of unregistered firearms and holders of expired license or unregistered firearms
shall register and renew the same through the Final General Amnesty within six (6) months from the promulgation of the
implementing rules and regulations of this Act. During the interim period of six (6) months, no person applying for license shall be
charged of any delinquent payment accruing to the firearm subject for registration. The PNP shall conduct an intensive nationwide
campaign to ensure that the general public is properly informed of the provisions of this Act.

Section 44. Implementing Rules and Regulations. Within one hundred twenty (120) days from the effectivity of this Act, the Chief
of the PNP, after public hearings and consultation with concerned sectors of society shall formulate the necessary rules and
regulations for the effective implementation of this Act to be published in at least two (2) national newspapers of general
circulation.

Section 45. Repealing Clause. This Act repeals Sections 1, 2, 5 and 7 of Presidential Decree No. 1866, as amended, and Section 6 of
Republic Act No. 8294 and all other laws, executive orders, letters of instruction, issuances, circulars, administrative orders, rules or
regulations that are inconsistent herewith.

Section 46. Separability Clause. If any provision of this Act or any part hereof is held invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder of
the law or the provision not otherwise affected shall remain valid and subsisting.

Section 47. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days from its publication in a newspaper of nationwide
circulation.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 1405

AN ACT PROHIBITING DISCLOSURE OF OR INQUIRY INTO, DEPOSITS WITH ANY BANKING INSTITUTION AND PROVIDING PENALTY
THEREFOR.

Section 1. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Government to give encouragement to the people to deposit their money in
banking institutions and to discourage private hoarding so that the same may be properly utilized by banks in authorized loans to
assist in the economic development of the country.

Section 2. 1 All deposits of whatever nature with banks or banking institutions in the Philippines including investments in bonds
issued by the Government of the Philippines, its political subdivisions and its instrumentalities, are hereby considered as of an
absolutely confidential nature and may not be examined, inquired or looked into by any person, government official, bureau or
office, except upon written permission of the depositor, or in cases of impeachment, or upon order of a competent court in cases of
bribery or dereliction of duty of public officials, or in cases where the money deposited or invested is the subject matter of the
litigation.

Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any official or employee of a banking institution to disclose to any person other than those
mentioned in Section two hereof any information concerning said deposits.

Section 4. All Acts or parts of Acts, Special Charters, Executive Orders, Rules and Regulations which are inconsistent with the
provisions of this Act are hereby repealed.

Section 5. Any violation of this law will subject offender upon conviction, to an imprisonment of not more than five years or a fine of
not more than twenty thousand pesos or both, in the discretion of the court.

Section 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved: September 9, 1955

REPUBLIC ACT No. 6426

AN ACT INSTITUTING A FOREIGN CURRENCY DEPOSIT SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

Section 1. Title. This act shall be known as the "Foreign Currency Deposit Act of the Philippines."

Section 2. Authority to deposit foreign currencies. Any person, natural or juridical, may, in accordance with the provisions of this
Act, deposit with such Philippine banks in good standing, as may, upon application, be designated by the Central Bank for the
purpose, foreign currencies which are acceptable as part of the international reserve, except those which are required by the Central
Bank to be surrendered in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act Numbered two hundred sixty-five (Now Rep. Act No.
7653).

Section 3. Authority of banks to accept foreign currency deposits. The banks designated by the Central Bank under Section two
hereof shall have the authority:

(1) To accept deposits and to accept foreign currencies in trust Provided, That numbered accounts for recording and
servicing of said deposits shall be allowed;

(2) To issue certificates to evidence such deposits;

(3) To discount said certificates;

(4) To accept said deposits as collateral for loans subject to such rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the
Central Bank from time to time; and

(5) To pay interest in foreign currency on such deposits.

Section 4. Foreign currency cover requirements. Except as the Monetary Board may otherwise prescribe or allow, the depository
banks shall maintain at all times a one hundred percent foreign currency cover for their liabilities, of which cover at least fifteen
percent shall be in the form of foreign currency deposit with the Central Bank, and the balance in the form of foreign currency loans
or securities, which loans or securities shall be of short term maturities and readily marketable. Such foreign currency loans may
include loans to domestic enterprises which are export-oriented or registered with the Board of Investments, subject to the
limitations to be prescribed by the Monetary Board on such loans. Except as the Monetary Board may otherwise prescribe or allow,
the foreign currency cover shall be in the same currency as that of the corresponding foreign currency deposit liability. The Central
Bank may pay interest on the foreign currency deposit, and if requested shall exchange the foreign currency notes and coins into
foreign currency instruments drawn on its depository banks. (As amended by PD No. 1453, June 11, 1978.)

Depository banks which, on account of networth, resources, past performance, or other pertinent criteria, have been qualified by
the Monetary Board to function under an expanded foreign currency deposit system, shall be exempt from the requirements in the
preceding paragraph of maintaining fifteen percent (15%) of the cover in the form of foreign currency deposit with the Central Bank.
Subject to prior Central Bank approval when required by Central Bank regulations, said depository banks may extend foreign
currency loans to any domestic enterprise, without the limitations prescribed in the preceding paragraph regarding maturity and
marketability, and such loans shall be eligible for purposes of the 100% foreign currency cover prescribed in the preceding
paragraph. (As added by PD No. 1035.)

Section 5. Withdrawability and transferability of deposits. There shall be no restriction on the withdrawal by the depositor of his
deposit or on the transferability of the same abroad except those arising from the contract between the depositor and the bank.

Section 6. Tax exemption. All foreign currency deposits made under this Act, as amended by PD No. 1035, as well as foreign
currency deposits authorized under PD No. 1034, including interest and all other income or earnings of such deposits, are hereby
exempted from any and all taxes whatsoever irrespective of whether or not these deposits are made by residents or nonresidents so
long as the deposits are eligible or allowed under aforementioned laws and, in the case of nonresidents, irrespective of whether or
not they are engaged in trade or business in the Philippines. (As amended by PD No. 1246, prom. Nov. 21, 1977.)

Section 7. Rules and regulations. The Monetary Board of the Central Bank shall promulgate such rules and regulations as may be
necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act which shall take effect after the publications in the Official Gazette and in a
newspaper of national circulation for at least once a week for three consecutive weeks. In case the Central Bank promulgates new
rules and regulations decreasing the rights of depositors, rules and regulations at the time the deposit was made shall govern.

Section 8. Secrecy of foreign currency deposits. All foreign currency deposits authorized under this Act, as amended by PD No.
1035, as well as foreign currency deposits authorized under PD No. 1034, are hereby declared as and considered of an absolutely
confidential nature and, except upon the written permission of the depositor, in no instance shall foreign currency deposits be
examined, inquired or looked into by any person, government official, bureau or office whether judicial or administrative or
legislative, or any other entity whether public or private; Provided, however, That said foreign currency deposits shall be exempt
from attachment, garnishment, or any other order or process of any court, legislative body, government agency or any
administrative body whatsoever. (As amended by PD No. 1035, and further amended by PD No. 1246, prom. Nov. 21, 1977.)

Section 9. Deposit insurance coverage. The deposits under this Act shall be insured under the provisions of Republic Act No. 3591,
as amended (Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation), as well as its implementing rules and regulations: Provided, That insurance
payment shall be in the same currency in which the insured deposits are denominated.

Section 10. Penal provisions. Any willful violation of this Act or any regulation duly promulgated by the Monetary Board pursuant
hereto shall subject the offender upon conviction to an imprisonment of not less than one year nor more than five years or a fine of
not less than five thousand pesos nor more than twenty-five thousand pesos, or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion
of the court.

Section 11. Separability clause. The provisions of this Act are hereby declared to be separable and in the event one or more of such
provisions are held unconstitutional, the validity of other provisions shall not be affected thereby.

Section 12. Repealing clause. All acts, executive orders, rules and regulations, or parts thereof, which are inconsistent with any
provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly, without prejudice, however, to deposits made
thereunder.

Section 12-A. Amendatory enactments and regulations. In the event a new enactment or regulation is issued decreasing the rights
hereunder granted, such new enactment or regulation shall not apply to foreign currency deposits already made or existing at the
time of issuance of such new enactment or regulation, but such new enactment or regulation shall apply only to foreign currency
deposits made after its issuance. (As added by PD No. 1246, prom. Nov. 21, 1977.)

Section 13. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved, April 4, 1974

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9160 September 29, 2001

AN ACT DEFINING THE CRIME OF MONEY LAUNDERING, PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001."

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared the policy of the State to protect and preserve the integrity and
confidentiality of bank accounts and to ensure that the Philippines shall not be used as a money laundering site for the proceeds of
any unlawful activity. Consistent with its foreign policy, the State shall extend cooperation in transnational investigations and
prosecutions of persons involved in money laundering activities whenever committed.

Section 3. Definitions. For purposes of this Act, the following terms are hereby defined as follows:

(a) "Covered Institution" refers to:

(1) banks, non-banks, quasi-banks, trust entities, and all other institutions and their subsidiaries and affiliates
supervised or regulated by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP);

(2) Insurance companies and all other institutions supervised or regulated by the Insurance Commission; and

(3) (i) securities dealers, brokers, salesmen, investment houses and other similar entities managing securities or
rendering services as investment agent, advisor, or consultant, (ii) mutual funds, close and investment companies,
common trust funds, pre-need companies and other similar entities, (iii) foreign exchange corporations, money
changers, money payment, remittance, and transfer companies and other similar entities, and (iv) other entities
administering or otherwise dealing in currency, commodities or financial derivatives based thereon, valuable
objects, cash substitutes and other similar monetary instruments or property supervised or regulated by Securities
and Exchange Commission.

(b) "Covered transaction" is a single, series, or combination of transactions involving a total amount in excess of Four
million Philippine pesos (Php4,000,000.00) or an equivalent amount in foreign currency based on the prevailing exchange
rate within five (5) consecutive banking days except those between a covered institution and a person who, at the time of
the transaction was a properly identified client and the amount is commensurate with the business or financial capacity of
the client; or those with an underlying legal or trade obligation, purpose, origin or economic justification.

It likewise refers to a single, series or combination or pattern of unusually large and complex transactions in excess of Four
million Philippine pesos (Php4,000,000.00) especially cash deposits and investments having no credible purpose or origin,
underlying trade obligation or contract.

(c) "Monetary Instrument" refers to:

(1) coins or currency of legal tender of the Philippines, or of any other country;

(2) drafts, checks and notes;

(3) securities or negotiable instruments, bonds, commercial papers, deposit certificates, trust certificates, custodial
receipts or deposit substitute instruments, trading orders, transaction tickets and confirmations of sale or
investments and money marked instruments; and

(4) other similar instruments where title thereto passes to another by endorsement, assignment or delivery.

(d) "Offender" refers to any person who commits a money laundering offense.

(e) "Person" refers to any natural or juridical person.

 (f) "Proceeds" refers to an amount derived or realized from an unlawful activity.

(g) "Supervising Authority" refers to the appropriate supervisory or regulatory agency, department or office supervising or
regulating the covered institutions enumerated in Section 3(a).

(h) "Transaction" refers to any act establishing any right or obligation or giving rise to any contractual or legal relationship
between the parties thereto. It also includes any movement of funds by any means with a covered institution.

(l) "Unlawful activity" refers to any act or omission or series or combination thereof involving or having relation to the
following:

(1) Kidnapping for ransom under Article 267 of Act No. 3815, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code, as
amended;

(2) Sections 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 of Article Two of Republic Act No. 6425, as amended, otherwise known as the
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972;

(3) Section 3 paragraphs B, C, E, G, H and I of Republic Act No. 3019, as amended; otherwise known as the Anti-
Graft and Corrupt Practices Act;

(4) Plunder under Republic Act No. 7080, as amended;

(5) Robbery and extortion under Articles 294, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301 and 302 of the Revised Penal Code, as
amended;

(6) Jueteng and Masiao punished as illegal gambling under Presidential Decree No. 1602;

(7) Piracy on the high seas under the Revised Penal Code, as amended and Presidential Decree No. 532;

(8) Qualified theft under, Article 310 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended;

(9) Swindling under Article 315 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended;

(10) Smuggling under Republic Act Nos. 455 and 1937;

(11) Violations under Republic Act No. 8792, otherwise known as the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000;

(12) Hijacking and other violations under Republic Act No. 6235; destructive arson and murder, as defined under
the Revised Penal Code, as amended, including those perpetrated by terrorists against non-combatant persons and
similar targets;

(13) Fraudulent practices and other violations under Republic Act No. 8799, otherwise known as the Securities
Regulation Code of 2000;

(14) Felonies or offenses of a similar nature that are punishable under the penal laws of other countries.

Section 4. Money Laundering Offense. Money laundering is a crime whereby the proceeds of an unlawful activity are transacted,
thereby making them appear to have originated from legitimate sources. It is committed by the following:

(a) Any person knowing that any monetary instrument or property represents, involves, or relates to the proceeds of any
unlawful activity, transacts or attempts to transact said monetary instrument or property.

(b) Any person knowing that any monetary instrument or property involves the proceeds of any unlawful activity, performs
or fails to perform any act as a result of which he facilitates the offense of money laundering referred to in paragraph (a)
above.
 (c) Any person knowing that any monetary instrument or property is required under this Act to be disclosed and filed with
the Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC), fails to do so.

Section 5. Jurisdiction of Money Laundering Cases. The regional trial courts shall have jurisdiction to try all cases on money
laundering. Those committed by public officers and private persons who are in conspiracy with such public officers shall be under
the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan.

Section 6. Prosecution of Money Laundering.

(a) Any person may be charged with and convicted of both the offense of money laundering and the unlawful activity as
herein defined.

(b) Any proceeding relating to the unlawful activity shall be given precedence over the prosecution of any offense or
violation under this Act without prejudice to the freezing and other remedies provided.

Section 7. Creation of Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC). The Anti-Money Laundering Council is hereby created and shall be
composed of the Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas as chairman, the Commissioner of the Insurance Commission and the
Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission as members. The AMLC shall act unanimously in the discharge of its functions
as defined hereunder:

(1) to require and receive covered transaction reports from covered institutions;

(2) to issue orders addressed to the appropriate Supervising Authority or the covered institution to determine the true
identity of the owner of any monetary instrument or property subject of a covered transaction report or request for
assistance from a foreign State, or believed by the Council, on the basis of substantial evidence to be in whole or in part,
whenever located, representing, involving, or related to, directly or indirectly, in any manner or by any means, the proceeds
of an unlawful activity;

(3) to institute civil forfeiture proceedings and all other remedial proceedings through the Office of the Solicitor General;

(4) to cause the filing of complaints with the Department of Justice or the Ombudsman for the prosecution of money
laundering offenses;

(5) to initiate investigations of covered transactions, money laundering activities and other violations of this Act;

(6) to freeze any monetary instrument or property alleged to be proceed of any unlawful activity;

(7) to implement such measures as may be necessary and justified under this Act to counteract money laundering;

(8) to receive and take action in respect of, any request from foreign states for assistance in their own anti-money
laundering operations provided in this Act;

(9) to develop educational programs on the pernicious effects of money laundering, the methods and techniques used in
money laundering, the viable means of preventing money laundering and the effective ways of prosecuting and punishing
offenders; and

(10) to enlist the assistance of any branch, department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government,
including government-owned and controlled corporations, in undertaking any and all anti-money laundering operations,
which may include the use of its personnel, facilities and resources for the more resolute prevention, detection and
investigation of money laundering offenses and prosecution of offenders.

Section 8. Creation of a Secretariat. The AMLC is hereby authorized to establish a secretariat to be headed by an Executive Director
who shall be appointed by the Council for a term of five (5) years. He must be a member of the Philippine Bar, at least thirty-five (35)
years of age and of good moral character, unquestionable integrity and known probity. All members of the Secretariat must have
served for at least five (5) years either in the Insurance Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas (BSP) and shall hold full-time permanent positions within the BSP.
Section 9. Prevention of Money Laundering; Customer Identification Requirements and Record Keeping.

(a) Customer Identification, - Covered institutions shall establish and record the true identity of its clients based on official
documents. They shall maintain a system of verifying the true identity of their clients and, in case of corporate clients,
require a system of verifying their legal existence and organizational structure, as well as the authority and identification of
all persons purporting to act on their behalf.

The provisions of existing laws to the contrary notwithstanding, anonymous accounts, accounts under fictitious names, and
all other similar accounts shall be absolutely prohibited. Peso and foreign currency non-checking numbered accounts shall
be allowed. The BSP may conduct annual testing solely limited to the determination of the existence and true identity of
the owners of such accounts.

(b) Record Keeping All records of all transactions of covered institutions shall be maintained and safely stored for five (5)
years from the date of transactions. With respect to closed accounts, the records on customer identification, account files
and business correspondence, shall be preserved and safety stored for at least five (5) years from the dates when they were
closed.

(c) Reporting of Covered Transactions. Covered institutions shall report to the AMLC all covered transactions within five
(5) working days from occurrence thereof, unless the Supervising Authority concerned prescribes a longer period not
exceeding ten (10) working days.

When reporting covered transactions to the AMLC, covered institutions and their officers, employees, representatives, agents,
advisors, consultants or associates shall not be deemed to have violated Republic Act No. 1405, as amended; Republic Act No. 6426,
as amended; Republic Act No. 8791 and other similar laws, but are prohibited from communicating, directly or indirectly, in any
manner or by any means, to any person the fact that a covered transaction report was made, the contents thereof, or any other
information in relation thereto. In case of violation thereof, the concerned officer, employee, representative, agent, advisor,
consultant or associate of the covered institution, shall be criminally liable. However, no administrative, criminal or civil proceedings,
shall lie against any person for having made a covered transaction report in the regular performance of his duties and in good faith,
whether or not such reporting results in any criminal prosecution under this Act or any other Philippine law.

When reporting covered transactions to the AMLC, covered institutions and their officers, employees, representatives, agents,
advisors, consultants or associates are prohibited from communicating, directly or indirectly, in any manner or by any means, to any
person, entity, the media, the fact that a covered transaction report was made, the contents thereof, or any other information in
relation thereto. Neither may such reporting be published or aired in any manner or form by the mass media, electronic mail, or
other similar devices. In case of violation thereof, the concerned officer, employee, representative, agent, advisor, consultant or
associate of the covered institution, or media shall be held criminally liable.

Section 10. Authority to Freeze. Upon determination that probable cause exists that any deposit or similar account is in any way
related to an unlawful activity, the AMLC may issue a freeze order, which shall be effective immediately, on the account for a period
not exceeding fifteen (15) days. Notice to the depositor that his account has been frozen shall be issued simultaneously with the
issuance of the freeze order. The depositor shall have seventy-two (72) hours upon receipt of the notice to explain why the freeze
order should be lifted. The AMLC has seventy-two (72) hours to dispose of the depositor's explanation. If it falls to act within
seventy-two (72) hours from receipt of the depositor's explanation, the freeze order shall automatically be dissolved. The fifteen
(15)-day freeze order of the AMLC may be extended upon order of the court, provided that the fifteen (15)-day period shall be tolled
pending the court's decision to extend the period.

No court shall issue a temporary restraining order or writ of injunction against any freeze order issued by the AMLC except the Court
of Appeals or the Supreme Court.

Section 11. Authority to inquire into Bank Deposits. Notwithstanding the provisions of Republic Act No. 1405, as amended;
Republic Act No. 6426, as amended; Republic Act No. 8791, and other laws, the AMLC may inquire into or examine any particular
deposit or investment with any banking institution or non-bank financial institution upon order of any competent court in cases of
violation of this Act when it has been established that there is probable cause that the deposits or investments involved are in any
way related to a money laundering offense: Provided, That this provision shall not apply to deposits and investments made prior to
the effectivity of this Act.

Section 12. Forfeiture Provisions.

 (a) Civil Forfeiture. When there is a covered transaction report made, and the court has, in a petition filed for the purpose
ordered seizure of any monetary instrument or property, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, related to said report,
the Revised Rules of Court on civil forfeiture shall apply.

(b) Claim on Forfeited Assets. Where the court has issued an order of forfeiture of the monetary instrument or property
in a criminal prosecution for any money laundering offense defined under Section 4 of this Act, the offender or any other
person claiming an interest therein may apply, by verified petition, for a declaration that the same legitimately belongs to
him and for segregation or exclusion of the monetary instrument or property corresponding thereto. The verified petition
shall be filed with the court which rendered the judgment of conviction and order of forfeiture, within fifteen (15) days
from the date of the order or forfeiture, in default of which the said order shall become final and executory. This provision
shall apply in both civil and criminal forfeiture.

(c) Payment in Lieu of Forfeiture. Where the court has issued an order of forfeiture of the monetary instrument or
property subject of a money laundering offense defined under Section 4, and said order cannot be enforced because any
particular monetary instrument or property cannot, with due diligence, be located, or it has been substantially altered,
destroyed, diminished in value or otherwise rendered worthless by any act or omission, directly or indirectly, attributable to
the offender, or it has been concealed, removed, converted or otherwise transferred to prevent the same from being found
or to avoid forfeiture thereof, or it is located outside the Philippines or has been placed or brought outside the jurisdiction
of the court, or it has been commingled with other monetary instruments or property belonging to either the offender
himself or a third person or entity, thereby rendering the same difficult to identify or be segregated for purposes of
forfeiture, the court may, instead of enforcing the order of forfeiture of the monetary instrument or property or part
thereof or interest therein, accordingly order the convicted offender to pay an amount equal to the value of said monetary
instrument or property. This provision shall apply in both civil and criminal forfeiture.

Section 13. Mutual Assistance among States.

(a) Request for Assistance from a Foreign State. Where a foreign State makes a request for assistance in the investigation
or prosecution of a money laundering offense, the AMLC may execute the request or refuse to execute the same and
inform the foreign State of any valid reason for not executing the request or for delaying the execution thereof. The
principles of mutuality and reciprocity shall, for this purpose, be at all times recognized.

(b) Power of the AMLC to Act on a Request for Assistance from a Foreign State. The AMLC may execute a request for
assistance from a foreign State by: (1) tracking down, freezing, restraining and seizing assets alleged to be proceeds of any
unlawful activity under the procedures laid down in this Act; (2) giving information needed by the foreign State within the
procedures laid down in this Act; and (3) applying for an order of forfeiture of any monetary instrument or property in the
court: Provided, That the court shall not issue such an order unless the application is accompanied by an authenticated copy
of the order of a court in the requesting State ordering the forfeiture of said monetary instrument or properly of a person
who has been convicted of a money laundering offense in the requesting State, and a certification of an affidavit of a
competent officer of the requesting State stating that the conviction and the order of forfeiture are final and then no
further appeal lies in respect or either.

(c) Obtaining Assistance from Foreign States. The AMLC may make a request to any foreign State for assistance in (1)
tracking down, freezing, restraining and seizing assets alleged to be proceeds of any unlawful activity; (2) obtaining
information that it needs relating to any covered transaction, money laundering offense or any other matter directly or
indirectly, related thereto; (3) to the extent allowed by the law of the Foreign State, applying with the proper court therein
for an order to enter any premises belonging to or in the possession or control of, any or all of the persons named in said
request, and/or search any or all such persons named therein and/or remove any document, material or object named in
said request: Provided, That the documents accompanying the request in support of the application have been duly
authenticated in accordance with the applicable law or regulation of the foreign State; and (4) applying for an order of
forfeiture of any monetary instrument or property in the proper court in the foreign State: Provided, That the request is
accompanied by an authenticated copy of the order of the regional trial court ordering the forfeiture of said monetary
instrument or property of a convicted offender and an affidavit of the clerk of court stating that the conviction and the
order of forfeiture are final and that no further appeal lies in respect of either.

(d) Limitations on Request for Mutual Assistance. The AMLC may refuse to comply with any request for assistance where
the action sought by the request contravenes any provision of the Constitution or the execution of a request is likely to
 prejudice the national interest of the Philippines unless there is a treaty between the Philippines and the requesting State
relating to the provision of assistance in relation to money laundering offenses.

(e) Requirements for Requests for Mutual Assistance from Foreign State. A request for mutual assistance from a foreign
State must (1) confirm that an investigation or prosecution is being conducted in respect of a money launderer named
therein or that he has been convicted of any money laundering offense; (2) state the grounds on which any person is being
investigated or prosecuted for money laundering or the details of his conviction; (3) gives sufficient particulars as to the
identity of said person; (4) give particulars sufficient to identity any covered institution believed to have any information,
document, material or object which may be of assistance to the investigation or prosecution; (5) ask from the covered
institution concerned any information, document, material or object which may be of assistance to the investigation or
prosecution; (6) specify the manner in which and to whom said information, document, material or object detained
pursuant to said request, is to be produced; (7) give all the particulars necessary for the issuance by the court in the
requested State of the writs, orders or processes needed by the requesting State; and (8) contain such other information as
may assist in the execution of the request.

(f) Authentication of Documents. For purposes of this Section, a document is authenticated if the same is signed or
certified by a judge, magistrate or equivalent officer in or of, the requesting State, and authenticated by the oath or
affirmation of a witness or sealed with an official or public seal of a minister, secretary of State, or officer in or of, the
government of the requesting State, or of the person administering the government or a department of the requesting
territory, protectorate or colony. The certificate of authentication may also be made by a secretary of the embassy or
legation, consul general, consul, vice consul, consular agent or any officer in the foreign service of the Philippines stationed
in the foreign State in which the record is kept, and authenticated by the seal of his office.

(g) Extradition. The Philippines shall negotiate for the inclusion of money laundering offenses as herein defined among
extraditable offenses in all future treaties.

Section 14. Penal Provisions.

(a) Penalties for the Crime of Money Laundering. The penalty of imprisonment ranging from seven (7) to fourteen (14)
years and a fine of not less than Three million Philippine pesos (Php 3,000,000.00) but not more than twice the value of the
monetary instrument or property involved in the offense, shall be imposed upon a person convicted under Section 4(a) of
this Act.

The penalty of imprisonment from four (4) to seven (7) years and a fine of not less than One million five hundred thousand
Philippine pesos (Php 1,500,000.00) but not more than Three million Philippine pesos (Php 3,000,000.00), shall be imposed
upon a person convicted under Section 4(b) of this Act.

The penalty of imprisonment from six (6) months to four (4) years or a fine of not less than One hundred thousand
Philippine pesos (Php 100,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand Philippine pesos (Php 500,000.00), or both,
shall be imposed on a person convicted under Section 4(c) of this Act.

(b) Penalties for Failure to Keep Records. The penalty of imprisonment from six (6) months to one (1) year or a fine of not
less than One hundred thousand Philippine pesos (Php 100,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand Philippine
pesos (Php 500,000.00), or both, shall be imposed on a person convicted under Section 9(b) of this Act.

(c) Malicious Reporting. Any person who, with malice, or in bad faith, report or files a completely unwarranted or false
information relative to money laundering transaction against any person shall be subject to a penalty of six (6) months to
four (4) years imprisonment and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand Philippine pesos (Php 100,000.00) but not
more than Five hundred thousand Philippine pesos (Php 500,000.00), at the discretion of the court: Provided, That the
offender is not entitled to avail the benefits of the Probation Law.

If the offender is a corporation, association, partnership or any juridical person, the penalty shall be imposed upon the
responsible officers, as the case may be, who participated in the commission of the crime or who shall have knowingly
permitted or failed to prevent its commission. If the offender is a juridical person, the court may suspend or revoke its
license. If the offender is an alien, he shall, in addition to the penalties herein prescribed, be deported without further
proceedings after serving the penalties herein prescribed. If the offender is a public official or employee, he shall, in
 addition to the penalties prescribed herein, suffer perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification from office, as the case
may be;

Any public official or employee who is called upon to testify and refuses to do the same or purposely fails to testify shall
suffer the same penalties prescribed herein.

(d) Breach of Confidentiality. The punishment of imprisonment ranging from three (3) to eight (8) years and a fine of not
less than Five hundred thousand Philippine pesos (Php 500,000.00) but not more than One million Philippine pesos (Php
1,000,000.00), shall be imposed on a person convicted for a violation under Section 9(c).

Section 15. System of Incentives and Rewards. A system of special incentives and rewards is hereby established to be given to the
appropriate government agency and its personnel that led and initiated an investigation, prosecution and conviction of persons
involved in the offense penalized in Section 4 of this Act.

Section 16. Prohibitions Against Political Harassment. This Act shall not be used for political prosecution or harassment or as an
instrument to hamper competition in trade and commerce.

No case for money laundering may be filed against and no assets shall be frozen, attached or forfeited to the prejudice of a
candidate for an electoral office during an election period.

Section 17. Restitution. Restitution for any aggrieved party shall be governed by the provisions of the New Civil Code.

Section 18. Implementing Rules and Regulations. Within thirty (30) days from the effectivity of this Act, the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas, the Insurance Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall promulgate the rules and regulations to
implement effectivity the provisions of this Act. Said rules and regulations shall be submitted to the Congressional Oversight
Committee for approval.

Covered institutions shall formulate their respective money laundering prevention programs in accordance with this Act including,
but not limited to, information dissemination on money laundering activities and its prevention, detection and reporting, and the
training of responsible officers and personnel of covered institutions.

Section 19. Congressional Oversight Committee. There is hereby created a Congressional Oversight Committee composed of seven
(7) members from the Senate and seven (7) members from the House of Representatives. The members from the Senate shall be
appointed by the Senate President based on the proportional representation of the parties or coalitions therein with at least two (2)
Senators representing the minority. The members from the House of Representatives shall be appointed by the Speaker also based
on proportional representation of the parties or coalitions therein with at least two (2) members representing the minority.

The Oversight Committee shall have the power to promulgate its own rules, to oversee the implementation of this Act, and to
review or revise the implementing rules issued by the Anti-Money Laundering Council within thirty (30) days from the promulgation
of the said rules.

Section 20. Appropriations Clause. The AMLC shall be provided with an initial appropriation of Twenty-five million Philippine pesos
(Php 25,000,000.00) to be drawn from the national government. Appropriations for the succeeding years shall be included in the
General Appropriations Act.

Section 21. Separability Clause. If any provision or section of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is
held to be invalid, the other provisions or sections of this Act, and the application of such provision or section to other persons or
circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

Section 22. Repealing Clause. All laws, decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof, including the relevant
provisions of Republic Act No. 1405, as amended; Republic Act No. 6426, as amended; Republic Act No. 8791, as amended and other
similar laws, as are inconsistent with this Act, are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.

Section 23. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its complete publication in the Official Gazette or in at least
two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.
The provisions of this Act shall not apply to deposits and investments made prior to its effectivity.

Approved,