HUONG DAN THUC HANH SPSS THS Pham Le Hong Nhung

Hng dn thc hnh SPSS c bn GV: Th.
S Phm L Hng Nhung

SPSS 16.0
CCH THC TIN HNH LNH FREQUENCIES

(Tnh tn s)
1. Sau khi m file d liu, vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies
Mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi sau:
V biu
2. Chn bin mun tnh tn s (bin Place V1) bng cch click chut vo tn bin ri
a sang khung Variable(s).
3. Click Ok. Trng hp mun v biu thc hin thm bc 4 trc khi click Ok.
4. v biu click chut vo Charts. Chn dng biu Chart type, chn gi
tr th hin trn biu l s m (frequencies) hay phn trm (percentages). Click
Continue tr li hp thoi Frequencies Ok thc hin lnh.
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Hng dn thc hnh SPSS c bn GV: Th.S Phm L Hng Nhung
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TNH TR TRUNG BNH (2 CCH)

CCH 1. DNG LNH FREQUENCY
1. Vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies. a bin cn tnh tr
trung bnh vo variables nh bc 1 v 2 phn trc.
2. Click chn th Statistic, m hp thoi, v click chn cc thng s cn thit:
3. ngha mt s thng s thng dng:

Mean: trung bnh cng
Sum: tng cng (cng tt c cc gi t trong tp d liu quan st)
Std. Deviation: lch chun
Minimum: gi tr nh nht
Maximum: gi tr ln nht
S.E. mean: sai s chun khi c lng tr trung bnh
CCH 2. DNG LNH DESCRIPTIVES

(Tnh im trung bnh)
1. Vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Descriptives, xut hin hp thoi
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2. Chn 1 hay nhiu bin (nh lng) mun tnh im trung bnh a vo khung
Variable(s).
3. Click vo Options xut hin hp thoi Descriptive Options. Chn cc i
lng thng k mun tnh ton bng cch click vo vung cn thit.
4. Chn cch sp xp kt qu tnh ton theo th t danh sch bin (Variable list), th t
Alphabetic ca nhn bin, th t tng dn (Ascending list), v th t gim dn
(Descending list).
5. Click Continue tr v hp thoi Descriptive Ok thc hin lnh.
ngha ca tng gi tr trung bnh i vi thang o khong (Interval Scale)

Gi tr khong cch = (Maximum - Minimum) / n
= (5 -1) / 5
= 0.8
Gi tr trung bnh ngha
1.00 - 1.80 Rt khng ng /Rt khng hi lng/Rt khng quan trng
1.81 - 2.60 Khng ng /Khng hi lng/ Khng quan trng
2.61 - 3.40 Khng kin/trung bnh
3.41 - 4.20 ng / Hi lng/ Quan trng
4.21 - 5.00 Rt ng / Rt hi lng/ Rt quan trng
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CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH BNG CHO

(CROSSTABULATION)
Phn tch bng cho dng kim nh mi quan h gia cc bin nh tnh vi nhau
bng cch dng kim nh Chi bnh phng (Chi-square). Cch thc tin hnh vi SPSS
nh sau:
1. Vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Crosstabs,
2. Xut hin hp thoi sau:
3. Chn v a cc bin vo khung Row(s) (dng) v Column(s) (ct) v Layer 1 of 1

(i vi trng hp trn 2 bin).
4. Click vo Statistics, xut hin hp thoi sau:
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5. Chn cc kim nh cn thit. Trong trng hp ny ta dng kim nh Chi bnh

phng (Chi-square).
- Cc kim nh Norminal dng kim nh mi lin h gia cc bin biu
danh.
- Cc kim nh Ordinal dng kim nh mi lin h gia cc bin th t.
6. Click vo continue tr li hp thoi Crosstabs Click vo Cells, hp thoi sau
xut hin:
7. Counts chn Observed (th hin tn

s quan st). Trong trng hp mun th hin tn s mong i chn Expected.
8. Chn cch th hin phn trm theo dng hay theo ct Percentages.
9. Click Continue tr li hp thoi Crosstabs Ok thc hin lnh.
CCH C KT QU KIM NH
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Khi thc hin kim nh, ta c 2 gi thuyt.
H0: khng c mi quan h gia cc bin.

H1: c mi quan h gia cc bin.
kt lun l chp nhn hay bc b gi thuyt H0, ta s dng cc kim nh ph hp.
Da vo gi tr P (p-value) (SPSS vit tt p-value l sig.) kt lun l chp nhn hay bc

b gi thuyt H0
p-value (sig.) (mc ngha) bc b gi thuyt H0. C ngha l c mi quan h

c ngha gia cc bin cn kim nh.
p-value (sig.) > (mc ngha) chp nhn H0. Khng c mi quan h gia cc
bin cn kim nh.
I VI KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG
Hng u tin ca bng Chi-square tests th hin gi tr P
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

p-value
a
Pearson Chi-Square 16.217 8 .039
Likelihood Ratio 18.708 8 .017
Linear-by-Linear Association .202 1 .653
N of Valid Cases 511
a. 8 cells (44.4%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.69.
Cui bng Chi-Square tests SPSS s a ra dng thng bo cho bit % s c tn

sut mong i di 5. Kim nh Chi-bnh phng ch c ngha khi s quan st ln,
nu c qu 20% s trong bng cho c tn s l thuyt nh hn 5 th gi tr chi-bnh
phng khng cn ng tin cy.
Trong v d trn c n 44.4% s c tn s mong i di 5, bin php cho trng

hp ny l ta s gom cc biu hin trn cc bin li tng s quan st trong mi nhm.
CCH THC TIN HNH KIM NH GI THUYT V TR TRUNG BNH

CA 2 TNG TH C LP (Independent Samples T-test)
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1. Vo menu Analyze Compare Means Independent-samples T-test
2. Chn bin nh lng cn kim nh tr trung bnh a vo khung Test Variable(s).

Chn bin nh tnh chia s quan st thnh 2 nhm mu so snh gia 2 nhm ny
vi nhau a vo khung Grouping Variable.
3. Chn Define Groups nhp m s ca 2 nhm. Click Continue tr li hp
thoi chnh Click Ok thc hin lnh
Trong kim nh Independent-samples T-test, ta cn da vo kt qu kim nh s

bng nhau ca 2 phng sai tng th (kim nh Levene). Phng sai din t mc ng
u hoc khng ng u ( phn tn) ca d liu quan st.
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Independent Samples Test
A.Cleanliness and comfort of

room
Equal
variances Equal variances
assumed not assumed
Levene's Test for Equality of F .138

Variances
Sig. .710
t-test for Equality of Means t -3.066 -3.040
df 509 448.100
Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .003
Mean Difference -.231 -.231
Std. Error Difference .075 .076
95% Confidence Interval Lower -.379 -.380

of the Difference Upper -.083 -.082
Nu gi tr Sig. trong kim nh Levene (kim nh F) < 0.05 th phng sai ca 2

tng th khc nhau, ta s dng kt qu kim nh t dng Equal variances not assumed.
Nu Sig. 0.05 th phng sai ca 2 tng th khng khc nhau, ta s dng kt qu

kim nh t dng Equal variances assumed.
Trong VD trn Sig. ca kim nh F = 0.71 > 0.05 chp nhn gi thuyt H 0 khng c s
khc nhau v phng sai ca 2 tng th s dng kt qu dng Equal variances
assumed.
Nu Sig. ca kim nh t (mc ngha) c s phc bit c ngha v trung

bnh ca 2 tng th.
Nu Sig. > (mc ngha) khng c s khc bit c ngha v trung bnh ca 2
tng th.
Trong VD trn sig. = 0.002 < 0.05 c s khc bit c ngha v trung bnh ca 2 tng
th.
CCH THC TIN HNH KIM NH GI THUYT V TR TRUNG BNH

CA 2 TNG TH PH THUC HAY PHI HP TNG CP
(Paired-Samples T-test)
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1. Vo menu Analyze Compare means Paired-samples T-test
2. Chn cp bin mun so snh (nhn gi phm ctrl chn 2 bin) a vo khung
Paired Variable(s). C th chn nhiu cp so snh cng 1 lc.
3. C th chnh li tin cy bng cch click vo Option, nhp tin cy vo khung
Confidence Interval.
4. Click Ok thc hin lnh.
5. Xem cch c kt qu kim nh phn trn. Cng dng gi tr Sig.
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CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH PHNG SAI
(ANOVA Analysis of Variance)
Phn tch phng sai ANOVA l phng php so snh tr trung bnh ca 3 nhm tr
ln. C 2 k thut phn tch phng sai: ANOVA 1 yu t (mt bin yu t phn loi cc
quan st thnh cc nhm khc nhau) v ANOVA nhiu yu t(2 hay nhiu bin phn
loi). phn thc hnh c bn ch cp n phn tch phng sai 1 yu t (One-way
ANOVA).
Mt s gi nh i vi phn tch phng sai mt yu t:
- Cc nhm so snh phi c lp v c chn mt cch ngu nhin.
- Cc nhm so snh phi c phn phi chun hoc c mu phi ln c xem

nh tim cn phn phi chun.
- Phng sai ca cc nhm so snh phi ng nht.
1. T menu Analyze Compare Means One-Way ANOVA, xut hin hp thoi sau:
2 k thut dng
kim nh su
ANOVA
2. a bin nh
lng (tr trung bnh) vo khung Dependent list.
a bin phn loi xc nh cc nhm cn so snh vi nhau vo khung Factor.
3. Click vo nt Option m hp thoi One-Way ANOVA Options.
Trong hp thoi One-way ANOVA Options:
- Click chn Descriptive tnh i lng thng k m t (tnh tr trung bnh)

theo tng nhm so snh.
- Click chn Homogeneity of variance test kim nh s bng nhau ca cc

phng sai nhm (thc hin kim nh Levene).
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4. Click chn Continue tr li hp thoi ban u click Ok thc hin lnh.
5. Da vo kt qu kim nh ANOVA, nu H 0 c chp nhn th kt lun khng c s

khc bit c ngha gia cc nhm vi nhau. Nu H 0 b bc b c s khc bit c
ngha gia cc nhm tr li hp thoi One way ANOVA thc hin kim
nh su ANOVA nhm xc nh c th trung bnh ca nhm no khc vi nhm no,
ngha l tm xem s khc bit ca cc nhm xy ra u.
6. Tuy nhin c th thc hin kim nh ANOVA v su ANOVA cng lc vi nhau.

Da vo s chp nhn hay bc b gi thuyt H 0 quan tm hay khng quan tm n
kt qu kim nh su ANOVA.
Phn tch su ANOVA Xc nh ch khc bit

C 2 phng php phn tch su ANOVA, l kim nh trc (kim nh
Priori Contrasts) v kim nh sau (kim nh Post-Hoc test). Phng php kim nh gn
vi phng php nghin cu thc l Post-Hoc test. Nn trong phn ny ta s s dng Post-
Hoc test thc hin kim nh su ANOVA nhm tm ra ch khc bit.
Cc phng php kim nh thng k ca Post-Hoc test thng c s dng:
- LSD: y l php kim nh dng kim nh t ln lt cho tng cp trung bnh

nhm, do vy nhc im ca n l tin cy khng cao v lm gia tng mc
phm sai lm tng ng vi vic so snh nhiu nhm cng mt lc.
- Bonferroni: ging quy tc ca LSD nhng iu chnh c mc ngha khi tin

hnh so snh bi da trn s ln tin hnh so snh. y l mt trong nhng th
tc kim nh n gin nht v hay c s dng cho mc tiu ny.
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- Tukey: cng c s dng ph bin cho vic tm kim cc trung bnh cc nhm
khc bit. N s dng bng phn phi Studentizze range distribution. Tukey hiu
qu hn Bonferroni khi s lng cc cp trung bnh cn so snh kh nhiu.
- R-E-G-W: thc hin 2 bc kim nh, u tin tin hnh kim nh li ton b
cc gi tr trung bnh nhm xem c bng nhau khng; nu khng bng th bc k
tip n s kim nh tm cc nhm no khc bit tht s vi nhau v tr trung
bnh. Nhng kim nh ny khng ph hp khi kch c cc nhm mu khng
bng nhau.
- Dunnett: l th tc cho php chn so snh cc tr trung bnh ca cc nhm mu

cn li vi tr trung bnh ca mt nhm mu c th no c chn ra so snh
(nhm iu khin), SPSS mc nh chn nhm cui (last) lm nhm iu
khin.
S dng kim nh no l tu thuc vo mc ch ca nh nghin cu v tnh hnh

thc t nghin cu.
c kt qu phn tch phng sai

1. Bng u tin th hin cc i lng thng k m t
Descriptives
Willingness to introduce
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Std. Std. Lower Upper

N Mean Deviation Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum
Single 153 4.12 .811 .066 3.99 4.25 1.00 5
Married/Living with partner 341 4.28 .645 .035 4.22 4.35 1.00 5
Divorced 15 4.13 .743 .192 3.72 4.54 3.00 5
Widowed 2 4.50 .707 .500 -1.85 10.85 4.00 5
Total 511 4.23 .704 .031 4.17 4.29 1.00 5
2. Bng th 2 th hin kt qu kim nh Levene. Trong VD ny Sig. = 0.273 > mc

ngha 0.1 chp nhn gi thuyt H 0 phng sai cc nhm khng khc nhau mt
cch c ngha c th s dng kt qu phn tch ANOVA bng tip theo.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
1.303 3 507 .273
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3. Bng th 3 th hin kt qu kim nh ANOVA. Trong VD ny sig. = 0.089 < mc

ngha 0.1 bc b gi thuyt H0 c s khc bit c ngha v gi tr trung bnh
ca mc sn lng gii thiu ca cc nhm tnh trng hn nhn.
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 3.228 3 1.076 2.186 .089
Within Groups 249.523 507 .492
Total 252.751 510
4. Bng th 4 th hin kt qu kim nh su ANOVA (dng kim nh LSD).

Multiple Comparisons
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean
(I) Marital status (J) Marital status Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
*
Single Married/Living with partner -.167 .068 .015 -.30 -.03
Divorced -.016 .190 .934 -.39 .36

Widowed -.382 .499 .444 -1.36 .60
*
Married/Living with Single .167 .068 .015 .03 .30
partner
Divorced .151 .185 .415 -.21 .51
Widowed -.216 .498 .665 -1.19 .76
Divorced Single .016 .190 .934 -.36 .39
Married/Living with partner -.151 .185 .415 -.51 .21
Widowed -.367 .528 .488 -1.40 .67
Widowed Single .382 .499 .444 -.60 1.36
Married/Living with partner .216 .498 .665 -.76 1.19
Divorced .367 .528 .488 -.67 1.40
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Da vo kt qu kim nh LSD ny, ta c th kt lun ch c hai nhm kt hn v

c thn l c s khc nhau v mc sn lng gii thiu. Trong VD ny nhm kt hn
s sn lng gii thiu hn nhm c thn (xem bng thng k m t).
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M HNH HI QUY TUYN TNH BI
1. T menu Analyze Regression Linear
- a bin ph thuc vo khung Dependent(s).
- a bin c lp vo khung Independent(s).
3. Chn phng php a bin vo Method.
- Mc nh SPSS s chn phng php a bin vo l Enter. y l phng php

m SPSS s x l tt c cc bin c lp m nh nghin cu mun a vo m
hnh.
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- Phng php a vo dn (forward selection). Bin c lp u tin c xem

xt a vo m hnh l bin c tng quan ln nht vi bin ph thuc. Tip
tc SPSS s xt iu kin a cc bin c lp cn li vo m hnh. Nu bin
u tin khng tho iu kin vo th th tc ny s chm dt, khng c bin no
c a vo m hnh.
- Phng php loi tr dn (backward elimination). u tin tt c cc bin c

lp c a vo m hnh, bin c h s tng quan nh nht s c kim tra
u tin, nu khng tho iu kin s b loi ra. Lc ny m hnh ny s c tnh
ton li m khng c bin c lp va loi. Tip theo SPSS s lp li th tc trn
cho n khi no gi tr F ca bin c h s tng quan nh nht ln hn iu kin
th qu trnh ny s dng li.
Tham kho iu kin a vo v loi ra PIN, FIN, FOUT, POUT.
- Phng php chn tng bc (stepwise selection) l s kt hp ca phng php

a vo dn vo loi tr dn v l phng php c s dng thng thng nht.
S dng phng php a bin vo no ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cuc

nghin cu. V phng php c s dng nhiu nht l phng php chn
tng bc (stepwise selection).
4. Click vo Statistics, m hp thoi sau:
- Click chn Collinearity diagnostics kim tra hin tng a cng tuyn
(Multicollinearity). chp nhn ca bin (Tolerances) v h s phng i
phng sai (Variance inflation factor VIF) c dng pht hin hin tng
a cng tuyn. Quy tc l khi VIF vt qu 10 l du hiu ca a cng tuyn.
5. Click Continue tr li hp thoi Linear Regressions click Ok thc hin lnh.
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Cc bc nh gi m hnh
VD: s dng stepwsise a cc bin c lp vo m hnh.
M hnh: s hi lng ca DK v im n = + 1 (s hi lng v dch v lu tr)

+ 2 (s hi lng v dch v n ung)
+ 3 (s hi lng v dch v mua sm)
+ 4 (s hi lng v dch v vn chuyn)
Gi tr Tolerances v VIF bng s 3 (bng Coefficients) cho thy khng hin din
hin tng a cng tuyn ca cc bin. tip tc nh gi m hnh.
1. nh gi ph hp ca m hnh
H s xc nh R2 v R2 hiu chnh (Adjusted R square) c dng nh gi ph

hp ca m hnh. V R2 s tng khi a thm bin c lp vo m hnh nn dng R 2 hiu
chnh s an ton hn khi nh gi ph hp ca m hnh. R 2 hiu chnh cng ln th hin
ph hp ca m hnh cng cao.
Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Model R R Square Square Estimate
1 .618a .382 .381 .461
2 .664b .441 .439 .439
3 .677c .459 .455 .432
4 .684d .468 .463 .429
R2 hiu chnh ca m hnh s 4 l 0.463 46.3% s bin thin ca mc hi lng ca

DK v im n c gii thch bi mi lin h tuyn tnh ca cc bin c lp. Mc
ph hp ca m hnh tng i cao. Tuy nhin s ph hp ny ch ng vi d liu mu.
kim nh xem c th suy din m hnh cho tng th thc hay khng ta phi kim nh
ph hp ca m hnh.
2. Kim nh ph hp ca m hnh
Gi thuyt H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 0.
kim nh ph hp ca m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh a bi ta dng gi tr F bng

phn tch ANOVA sau:
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ANOVAe
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 66.904 1 66.904 314.686 .000a
Residual 108.216 509 .213
Total 175.119 510
Gi tr 2 Regression 77.248 2 38.624 200.475 .000b sig.

ca tr Residual 97.872 508 .193
F ca
m hnh
Total 175.119 510
s 4 rt
3 Regression 80.296 3 26.765 143.109 .000c
nh (< mc
ngha) Residual 94.823 507 .187 bc
b gi Total 175.119 510 thuyt
H0 4 Regression 81.897 4 20.474 111.131 .000d m
hnh Residual 93.223 506 .184
ph
hp vi
Total 175.119 510
tp d liu v
c th suy rng ra cho ton tng th.
3. ngha cc h s hi quy ring phn trong m hnh
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients Collinearity Statistics
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. Tolerance VIF
4 (Constant) 1.172 .136 8.595 .000
Overall satisfaction
.300 .041 .335 7.331 .000 .502 1.990
Accommodation
Overall satisfaction
.168 .032 .218 5.168 .000 .589 1.697
Transportation
Overall satisfaction Food .139 .041 .150 3.404 .001 .538 1.857
Overall satisfaction Shopping .103 .035 .121 2.947 .003 .624 1.603
a. Dependent Variable: Overall satisfied
- ngha ca h s ring phn l k o lng s thay i gi tr trung bnh Y khi

Xk thay i 1 n v, gi cc bin c lp cn li khng i.
- H s Beta (ct th 4 t bn tri) c dng so snh khi cc bin c lp

khng cng n v o lng.
- VD ny ta c th vit li m hnh nh sau:

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Hi lng v im n = 1.172 + 0.300(hi lng v lu tr) + 0.168(hi lng v vn chuyn)

+ 0.139(hi lng v n ung) + 0.103(hi lng v mua sm).
Gii thch m hnh: Phng trnh hi quy bi c phng php stepwise c

lng cho thy s hi lng ca du khch v 4 dch v: lu tr, vn chuyn, n ung, v mua
sm c tc ng t l thun vi s hi lng chung ca du khch v im n. Trong s
hi lng v dch v lu tr c tc ng mnh nht n s hi lng v im n.
MT S BIN PHP KHC PHC HIN TNG A CNG TUYN TRONG

M HNH HI QUY TUYN TNH
( ngh tham kho chi tit hn trong gio trnh Kinh t lng ca Tin s Mai Vn Nam)
1. S dng thng tin tin nghim
Thng tin tin nghim c th t cc cng vic thc t trc y trong xy ra hin
tng cng tuyn nhng t nghim trng hoc t cc l thuyt tng ng trong lnh vc
nghin cu.
2. Loi tr mt bin gii thch ra khi m hnh
Bc 1: Xem cp bin c quan h chc ch. Gi s X 3 v X4 c tng quan chc ch vi

nhau.
Bc 2: Tnh R2 i vi cc hm hi quy: c mt c 2 bin; khng c mt 1 trong 2 bin.
Bc 3: Loi bin m gi tr R2 tnh c khi khng c mt bin ln hn.
VD: R2 ca hm c mt 2 bin l 0.94; R 2 ca m hnh khng c bin X3 l 0.92; R2 ca m

hnh khng c bin X4 l 0.87 loi bin X3 ra khi m hnh.
3. Thu thp thm s liu hoc ly mu mi
Vn a cng tuyn l mt c tnh ca mu, c th l trong mt mu khc, cc bin

cng tuyn c th khng nghim trng nh trong mu u tin. V vy, tng c mu c th
lm gim bt vn cng tuyn.
HI QUY BINARY LOGISTIC

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Hi quy Binary Logistic s dng bin ph thuc dng nh phn c lng xc

sut mt s kin s xy ra vi nhng thng tin ca bin c lp m ta c c. Khi bin ph
thuc dng nh phn ( hai biu hin 0 v 1) th khng th phn tch vi dng hi quy thng
thng m phi s dng hi quy Binary Logistic.
I. Cch thc tin hnh phn tch hi quy Binary Logistic vi SPSS
1. Vo menu Analyze Regression Binary Logistic, xut hin hp thoi sau:
2. a bin ph thuc Y dng nh phn vo dependent, v bin c lp sang khung

Covariate.
3. Chn phng php a bin vo (Method) tng t nh hi quy tuyn tnh thng
thng. Tuy nhin iu kin cn c trn s thng k likelihood-ratio (t l thch hp)
hay s thng k Wald.
- Enter: a vo bt buc, cc bin trong khi bin c lp c a vo trong mt

bc.
- Forward: Conditional l phng php a dn vo theo iu kin. N kim tra

vic loi bin cn c trn xc sut ca s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn
nhng c lng thng s c iu kin.
- Forward: LR l phng php a dn vo kim tra vic loi bin cn c trn xc

sut ca s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn c lng kh nng xy ra ti a
(maximum-likelihood estimates).
- Forward: Wald l phng php a dn vo kim tra vic loi bin cn c trn
xc sut ca s thng k Wald.
- Backward: Conditional l phng php loi tr dn theo iu kin. N kim tra

vic loi bin cn c trn xc sut ca s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn
nhng c lng thng s c iu kin.
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- Backward: LR l phng php loi tr dn vo kim tra vic loi bin cn c trn
xc sut ca s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn c lng kh nng xy ra ti
a.
- Backward: Wald l phng php a dn vo kim tra vic loi bin cn c trn
xc sut ca s thng k Wald.
- Stepwise: hi quy tng bc, s thng k c s dng cho cc bin c a

vo v loi ra cn c trn s thng k Likelihood-ratio, hay s thng k Wald.
4. hin th phn loi gi tr tht v gi tr d bo ca bin ph thuc, chn

Option, chn Classification plots trong phn Statistics and plots. Click Continue tr
v hp thoi u tin.
5. Mun tnh c gi tr d on, l xc sut m mt i tng s (bin ph thuc

Y), ta chn Predict value trong hp thoi Save. Chn Continue Ok thc hin
lnh.
II. Cch thc c kt qu phn tch hi quy Binary Logistic
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V d: s dng phng php a bin vo mc nh l Enter. Phn tch mc nh

hng ca s hi lng v 4 dch v n mc hi lng chung v im n khi i du lch
ca du khch.
Y: mc hi lng chung v im n (0: khng hi lng, 1: hi lng)
X1 X4: mc hi lng v 4 dch v (tng t nh phn hi quy tuyn tnh)
Thc hin cc bc trn tin hnh phn tch. Kt qu xut hin vi rt nhiu bng.
Ta s ch phn tch cc bng sau:
Bng 1. Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients
Chi-square df Sig.
Step 1 Step 178.459 4 .000
Block 178.459 4 .000
Model 178.459 4 .000
bng 1, ta c kt qu kim nh H 0: 1 = 2 = = k = 0. Kim nh ny xem xt

kh nng gii thch bin ph thuc ca t hp bin c lp.
Kt qu bng 1 cho thy ph hp tng qut c mc ngha quan st sig. = 0,000
nn ta bc b H0. Ngha l t hp lin h tuyn tnh ca ton b cc h s trong m hnh c
ngha trong vic gii thch cho bin ph thuc.
Bng 2. Model Summary
Cox & Snell R Nagelkerke R

Step -2 Log likelihood Square Square
1 26.793a .595 .769
a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 6 because

parameter estimates changed by less than .001.
Bng 2 th hin kt qu ph hp ca m hnh. Khc vi hi quy tuyn tnh thng

thng h s R2 cng ln th m hnh cng ph hp, hi quy Binary Logistic s dng ch
tiu -2LL (-2 log likelihood) nh gi ph hp ca m hnh. -2LL cng nh cng th
hin ph hp cao. Gi tr nh nht ca -2LL l 0 (tc l khng c sai s) khi m hnh
c ph hp hon ho.
Kt qu bng 2 cho thy gi tr ca -2LL = 26,472 khng cao lm, nh vy n th
hin mt ph hp kh tt ca m hnh tng th.
22
Bng 3. Classification Tablea
Predicted
Satisfied dummy
Percentage
Observed Dissatisfied Satisfied Correct
Step 1 Satisfied dummy Dissatisfied 51 49 51.0
Satisfied 22 389 94.6
Overall Percentage 86.1
a. The cut value is .500
Mc chnh xc cng c th hin bng 3, bng ny cho thy trong 73 trng hp

khng hi lng v im n (xem theo ct) m hnh d on ng 49 trng hp (xem theo
hng), vy t l ng l 51%. Cn vi 438 trng hp hi lng v im n, m hnh d on sai
22 trng hp, t l ng l 94,6%. T ta tnh c t l d on ng ca ton b m hnh l
86,1%.
Bng 4. Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a Satisfied with Accom 1.567 .255 37.812 1 .000 4.794
Satisfied with Food .435 .249 3.051 1 .031 1.546
Satisfied with Shopping .672 .222 9.164 1 .002 1.959
Satisfied with Transp .918 .228 16.273 1 .000 2.505
Constant -11.737 1.347 75.891 1 .000 .000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Q3.2.a, Q3.2.f, Q3.2.s, Q3.2.t.
Bng 4 th hin kt qu ca kim nh Wald (kim nh gi thuyt hi quy khc

khng). Nu h s hi quy B0 v B1 u bng 0 th t l chnh lch gia cc xc sut s
bng 1, tc xc sut s kin xy ra hay khng xy ra nh nhau, lc m hnh hi quy
khng c tc dng d on.
i vi hi quy tuyn tnh s dng kim nh t kim nh gi thuyt H 0: k=0.
Cn i vi hi quy Binary Logistic, i lng Wald Chi Square c s dng kim nh
ngha thng k ca h s hi quy tng th.
Kt qu bng 4 cho thy mc hi lng v 4 dch v c gi tr p (sig.) nh hn mc
ngha = 0,05 bc b H0. Nh vy cc h s hi quy tm c c ngha v m hnh
c s dng tt.
23
T cc h s hi quy ny ta vit c phng trnh:
Din gii ngha ca cc h s hi quy Binary Logistic nh sau:

Mc hi lng v 4 dch v u lm tng mc hi lng chung v im
n , trong hi lng v DV lu tr tc ng mnh nht. C th tc ng bin
ca mc hi lng v DV lu tr ln mc hi lng chung vi xc sut ban
u = 0,5 th tc ng ny bng 0,5(1-0,5)1,57 = 0,3925.
VN DNG M HNH HI QUY BINARY LOGISTIC CHO MC CH D BO
M hnh hi quy Binary Logistic c th c p dng d bo kh nng tr n khi

i tng i vay hay d bo nhu cu s dng mt sn phm c th no . Ta s dng cng
thc sau:
24
CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH NHN T

1. T menu Analyze Data Reduction Factor
3. Chn tt c cc bin cn gom nhm vo Variables.
4. Click chn Descriptives, xut hin hp thoi sau:
- Chn cc tham s thng k m t.

25
- Chn tnh cc ma trn h s tng quan.
- Chn kim nh Bartlett. Trong phn tch nhn t, cn kim nh mi tng quan
ca cc bin vi nhau (H0: cc bin khng c tng quan vi nhau trong tng
th). Nu gi thuyt H0 khng c bc b th phn tch nhn t c kh nng
khng thch hp.
- Click continue tr li hp thoi Factor analysis
5. Click chn Extraction m hp thoi sau:
- Chn phng php rt trch nhn t, phng php mc nh l rt cc thnh phn

chnh Principal components.
- Phn tch ma trn tng quan hay hip phng sai Analyze.
- Th hin phng n nhn t cha xoay v v biu dc Display.
- Xc nh tiu chun rt trch nhn t hay s lng nhn t cn rt trch.
C 2 cch xc nh tiu chun ny Extract:
Xc nh t trc da vo ca nh nghin cu v kt qu ca cc cuc

nghin cu trc. Nh nghin cu xc nh s nhn t Number of factors.
Xc nh da vo Eigenvalue (Determination based on eigenvalue. Ch c

nhng nhn t no ln hn 1 mi c gi li trong m hnh phn tch.
- Click Continue tr li hp thoi Factor Analysis.
6. Click chn Rotation (Xoay nhn t) m hp thoi sau:
Xoay nhn t l th tc gip ma trn nhn t tr nn n gin v d gii thch hn.
26
C nhiu phng php xoay khc nhau trong c s dng rng ri nht l
Varimax procedure (xoay nguyn gc cc nhn t ti thiu ho s lng bin c h s
ln ti cng mt nhn t, v vy s tng cng kh nng gii thch cc nhn t).
Click Continue tr li hp thoi chnh.
7. Click chn Factor Score tnh im cc nhn t
Nu nh nghin cu mun xc nh tp hp nhn t t hn s dng trong cc

phng php phn tch a bin tip theo (phn tch ANOVA, hi quy), ta c th tnh ton
ra cc nhn s (tr s ca cc bin tng hp) cho tng trng hp quan st mt. Nhn s ca
nhn t th i bng:
Fi = Wi1X1 + Wi2X2 + Wi3X3 + + WikXk
My tnh s tnh cc nhn s ny v t ng save vo file d liu nhng bin mi

ny.
- Mc nh ca chng trnh l phng php tnh nhn s Regression (theo n v

o lng lch chun).
27
- Chn th hin bng trng s nhn t bng cch click vo Display factor
- Click Continue tr li hp thoi ban u click Ok thc hin lnh.
C KT QU CA V D SAU
VD: xc nh nhn t nh hng n quyt nh chn nh tr ca sinh vin khoa cng ngh
trng i hc Cn th.
28
Bng 1. Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation Analysis N
gia ca 3.91 1.065 43
ve sinh 4.05 .950 43
an ninh 4.35 .948 43
moi truong song 4.09 .811 43
gan truong 3.60 1.072 43
gan khu vui choi, giai tri 3.28 1.161 43
phong co gac lung 3.33 .993 43
co nha ve sinh trong phong 3.67 1.063 43
noi qui 3.79 .940 43
dien, nuoc 4.16 .871 43
Bng 2. Correlation Matrix
Correlation
moi gan khu co nha ve
truong gan vui choi, phong co sinh trong dien,
gia ca ve sinh an ninh song truong giai tri gac lung phong noi qui nuoc
gia ca 1.000 .522 .528 .313 .238 .291 .209 .288 .123 .402
ve sinh .522 1.000 .801 .581 .392 .096 .337 .298 .198 .393
an ninh .528 .801 1.000 .607 .303 .191 .129 .281 .378 .535
moi truong song .313 .581 .607 1.000 .372 .174 .021 .257 .307 .315
gan truong .238 .392 .303 .372 1.000 .569 .325 .219 .034 .275
gan khu vui

.291 .096 .191 .174 .569 1.000 .270 .365 .142 .401
choi, giai tri
phong co gac
.209 .337 .129 .021 .325 .270 1.000 .238 .049 .130
lung
co nha ve sinh
.288 .298 .281 .257 .219 .365 .238 1.000 .478 .470
trong phong
noi qui .123 .198 .378 .307 .034 .142 .049 .478 1.000 .479
dien, nuoc .402 .393 .535 .315 .275 .401 .130 .470 .479 1.000
Bng 1 th hin i lng thng k m t.

Bng 2 th hin ma trn tng quan gia cc bin. Ta thy h s tng quan gia cc bin
trong ma trn ny tng i cao.
29
Bng 3 th hin kt qu ca kim nh Barlett. Da vo kt qu ny ta c th bc b H 0 (Cc

bin khng c tng quan vi nhau). Phn tch nhn t l phng php ph hp phn
tch ma trn tng quan bng 2.
Bng 3. KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .714
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 167.933
df 45
Sig. .000
Bng 5. Total Variance Explained
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Initial Total 3.989 1.406 1.283 .892 .760 .526 .412 .324 .290 .119
Eigenvalues
% of Variance 39.892 14.058 12.829 8.916 7.599 5.259 4.116 3.238 2.903 1.191
Cumulative % 39.892 53.949 66.778 75.694 83.293 88.552 92.668 9.591E1 98.809 1.000E2
Extraction Total 3.989 1.406 1.283
Sums of % of Variance 39.892 14.058 12.829

Squared
Cumulative % 39.892 53.949 66.778
Loadings
Rotation Sums Total 2.776 2.006 1.896
of Squared
% of Variance 27.758 20.056 18.965
Loadings
Cumulative % 27.758 47.814 66.778
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Da vo bng 5 v theo tiu chun eigenvalue ln hn 1 th ch c 3 nhn t c rt trch ra. Gi
tr Cumulative % cho bit 3 nhn t u gii thch 66.78% bin thin ca d liu.
Bng s 4 (bng Cummunalities) cho bit thng tin v phn bin thin c gii thch bi
cc nhn t chung.
Bng s 6 l bng th hin cc nhn t cha xoay. d dng gii thch cc nhn t hn ta
s dng bng s 7 c kt qu.
30
Bng 6. Component Matrixa
Component
1 2 3
gia ca .647 -.039 -.221
ve sinh .781 -.245 -.419
an ninh .814 -.379 -.205
moi truong song .667 -.324 -.206
gan truong .573 .527 -.268
gan khu vui choi, giai tri .514 .661 .179
phong co gac lung .369 .529 -.184
co nha ve sinh trong phong .601 .127 .525
noi qui .498 -.288 .651
dien, nuoc .718 -.040 .369
a. 3 components extracted.
Bng 7. Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1 2 3
gia ca (1) .604 .149 .286
ve sinh (2) .896 .069 .198
an ninh (3) .875 .280 .056
moi truong song (4) .743 .198 .041
gan truong (5) .312 .020 .762
gan khu vui choi, giai tri (6) -.015 .358 .778
phong co gac lung (7) .119 -.014 .660
co nha ve sinh trong phong (8) .124 .746 .285
noi qui (9) .176 .838 -.148
dien, nuoc (10) .364 .689 .215
Da vo bng s 7 ta thy bin 1,2,3,4 c tng quan mnh vi nhau v thuc nhn t th 1.
Tng t nhn t 2 bao gm cc bin 8,9,10. Cc bin 5,6,7 l cc bin gii thch cho nhn t 3.
Da vo nhng im ging nhau (th hin tnh chung) ca bin nm trong nhn t v nhng
nghin cu trc nh nghin cu s t tn cho nhng nhn t ny.
VD: nhm 1 l nhn t an ton; nhm 2 l nhn t iu kin sinh hot; nhm 3 l nhn t v
tr thun li.
31
Bng 8. Component Transformation Matrix
Component 1 2 3
1 .736 .516 .437
2 -.461 -.090 .883
3 -.495 .852 -.171

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser
Normalization.
Bng 9. Component Score Coefficient Matrix
Component
1 2 3
gia ca .218 -.060 .076
ve sinh .386 -.161 -.012
an ninh .354 -.006 -.122
moi truong song .309 -.030 -.103
gan truong .036 -.138 .430
gan khu vui choi, giai tri -.191 .143 .448
phong co gac lung -.034 -.108 .397
co nha ve sinh trong phong -.134 .418 .076
noi qui -.065 .515 -.213
dien, nuoc .003 .341 .004

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
Component Scores.
Bng 10. Component Score Covariance Matrix
Component 1 2 3
1 1.000 .000 .000
2 .000 1.000 .000
3 .000 .000 1.000

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser
Normalization.
Component Scores.
Da vo bng 8, 9 v 10 ta xc nh nhn s nh sau:

F1 = 0.218*gi c + 0.386*v sinh + 0.354*an ninh + 0.309*mi trng sng
32
F2 = 0.418*c nh v sinh trong phng + 0.515*ni quy + 0.341*in nc
F3 = 0.430*gn trng + 0.448*gn khu vui chi + 0.397*c gc lng
X L CU HI NHIU LA CHN
1. M HO
Trong qu trnh nghin cu, c nhng cu hi cho php ngi tr li chn nhiu hn 1 la chn. V
d: cu hi v tin s phu thut, bnh nhn c th cng mt lc c nhiu phu thut trc y. y c
gi l cu hi nhiu la chn.
S th t Tn phu thut nh du v ghi ch (nu c)

1. Ct vim rut tha
2. M ly thai
3. Ct t cung
4. Phu thut u bung trng
5. Vim ti mt
6. Phu thut khc
i vi cu hi nhiu la chn, mi mt la chn s c m ho thnh 1 bin. Theo

v d trn ta s m ho thnh 6 bin.
Cch thc khai bo Value: c 2 cch thc
- Cch 1: dng dng cu hi phn i C Khng (Dng bin Dichotomy)
- Cch 2: dng chnh s th t ca bin m ho. Nu bnh nhn no c tin s

ct vim rut tha s nhp vo s 1, c tin s m ly thai s nhp vo s 2.
(Dng bin Category)
2. CCH THC X L
33
i vi cu hi nhiu la chn, khi cn phn tch tn s chng ta khng s dng

cng c thng k m t tnh Frequency thng thng. Cng c dng x l cu hi nhiu la
chn l Multiple Response.
2.1. nh dng bin tng hp
1. T menu Analyze Multiple Response Define Variable Sets m hp

thoi sau:
2. Chn tt c cc bin thuc cu nhiu la chn a vo khung Variables in Set.
3. Khai bo cch m ho khung Variables Are Coded As:
- Nu dng cch m ho 1: dng dng cu hi phn i C Khng, ta s khai bo

bin dng Dichotomies. V s m gi tr C Counted value. i vi v
d trn, do ta khai bo 1. Khng, 2. C, nn ny ta s nhp gi tr cn m l
2
- Nu dng cch m ho 2, ta s khai bo dng Categories, v m cc s th t

ca bin. Trong v d trn c 6 bin, ta s m t gi tr 1 n 6 ti Range: 1
through: 6.
4. Khai bo tn v nhn bin khung Name v Label.
5. Click vo Add xc nhn bin tng hp c to Click chn Close

hon tt qu trnh nh dng bin tng hp.
2.2. Phn tch tn s (Frequency)
1. T menu Analyze Multiple Response Frequency, xut hin hp thoi sau:

34
2. a bin tng hp va to phn trn vo Tables for Click chn Ok hon

tt thao tc.
3. Kt qu hin ra ca s Output nh sau:
$TSPHAUTHUATTH Frequencies
Responses
N Percent Percent of Cases
TIEN SU PHAU THUAT tien su cat viem ruot thua 38 69.1% 76.0%
a
TONG HOP
tien su mo lay thai 3 5.5% 6.0%
tien su mo cat tu cung 2 3.6% 4.0%
tien su phau thuat u buong

3 5.5% 6.0%
trung
ts mo do benh khac 9 16.4% 18.0%
Total 55 100.0% 110.0%
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 2.
- Percent of Cases: phn trm trn tng s bnh nhn c quan st (50 bnh nhn)
- Percent of Responses: phn trm trn tng s tr li (v mi bnh nhn c th c nhiu
tin s phu thut nn tng s tr li = 55 > c mu quan st = 50)
35
M HO LI BIN
Trong qu trnh phn tch d liu ngi lm nghin cu i khi s phi m ho li
bin s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau, v trng hp n c nht l:
Khi nh nghin cu mun chuyn mt bin nh lng (thang o t l) sang mt bin

nh tnh (thang o biu danh hay th t).
V d: Khi thu thp thng tin v tui ca bnh nhn, chng ta s dng thang o t
l (dng chnh xc s tui ca bnh nhn: 52, 67, hay 81 tui). n khi x l s liu, nh
nghin cu li mun s dng nhm tui phn tch v vit bo co:
1. < 30 tui
2. 30 39 tui
3. 40 49 tui
4. 50 59 tui
5. 60 tui
Quy trnh m ho li bin nh sau:
1. Vo menu Transform Recode into Different Variables
Nu chng ta chn Recode into Same Variables th bin c (s tui chnh xc) s
mt i v c thay th bng mt bin mi vi cc biu hin mi (l nhm tui).
Thng thng ta s chn Recode into Different Variables to ra bin mi m

vn gi li bin c.
36
3. a bin cn m ho li t khung cha b bin sang khung Numeric Variable ->

Output Variable.
4. Ti khung Output Variable, khai bo tn v nhn cho bin mi Click chn Change
thc hin thay bin.
5. Tip tc thay i gi tr ca bin bng cch click chn Old and New Values, m
hp thoi sau:
37
6. Ta ln lt khai bo gi tr c bn tay tri (Old Value) thnh gi tr mi bn tay phi

(New Value) Click chn Add sau mi ln khai bo. Vi gi tr c c cc dng
sau y:
- Value: tng gi tr c ri rc
- System-missing: gi tr khuyt h thng
- System or user missing: gi tr khuyt ca h thng hoc do ngi s dng nh
ngha
- Range: mt khong gi tr (t n / range: through: )
- Range, LOWEST through value: mt khong gi tr t gi tr nh nht n mt
gi tr c nhp vo
- Range, value through HIGHEST: mt khong gi tr t gi tr nhp vo n gi tr
ln nht
7. Chn Continue tr v hp thoi trc, v chn OK hon tt knh.
8. Khai bo value cho bin va to ti Value ca ca s Variable View nh hnh sau:
9. Tip tc thc hin cc php thng k m t hay kim nh da trn bin mi va to

nhm phc v cho mc tiu nghin cu.
38
CCH TNH TON GI TR BIN MI T BIN C SN
C th s dng SPSS cng, tr, nhn chia cc bin c sn tr thnh 1 bin

mi (th tc TransformCompute). Tuy nhin bin mi c tnh ton ny khng t ng
thay i nu ta thay i cc bin thnh phn nh cng c tnh ton trong Excel. V vy, th
tc tnh ton ny thng c tin hnh sau khi chnh l d liu.
Th tc tnh ton ny c s dng kh nhiu trong phn tch s liu. c bit i

vi nhng ti c s dng phn tch nhn t gom nhm.
Sau khi tin hnh gom nhm cc yu t c cng tnh cht, ta s tnh ton gi tr ca
nhm bng th tc Compute ny.
V d: kt qu sau khi tin hnh phn tch nhn t nh sau
KT QU PHN TCH KT QU SAU KHI

NHN T COMPUTE V
THNG K M T
Vi N1, N2, N3 l k hiu m ho cho 3 nhm c gom t 12 bin nh gi cht
lng dch v.
Nu nhng bc tip theo ca ti cn thc hin kim nh t, ANOVA hay phn

tch hi quy lin quan n cc tiu ch nh gi cht lng dch v ny, chng ta s khng
dng 12 bin thc hin m dng nhm ln (3 nhm).
39
tnh c gi tr cho cc nhm ln (bng tr trung bnh ca cc bin trong nhm)

nhm phc v cho mc ch kim nh t, ANOVA hay phn tch hi quy, chng ta s thao
tc trong SPSS theo trnh t nh sau
6. M ho bin mi (nhm ln)
i vi v d trn, sau khi phn tch nhn t ta c c 3 nhm, vy ta s tin hnh m

ho 3 bin mi (i din cho 3 nhm) trong b s liu c ti ca s Variable View.
7. Tin hnh tnh ton cho nhm
Vo menu Transform Compute Variables, xut hin hp thoi sau:
PHM CNG C CHO CC PHP TNH
MI TN A BIN VO CNG THC
40
Ti Target Variable, ta nhp vo tn bin mi s cha gi tr tnh ton (tn bin ca

nhm). Ch cn nhp ng tn khai bo bc 1.
Ti Numberic Expression, ta nhp cng thc tnh ton cho bin mi. Trong v d
trn, nhm 1 gm 5 bin 5.1, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8 v 5.9. Nh vy bin mi (N1) s bng trung bnh
ca 5 bin.
Cch nhp cng thc ti ny nh sau: ta chn bin t khung cha cc bin ri dng
du mi tn a bin vo cng thc, v s dng cc phm cng c cho php tnh trong ca
s ny hoc trn bn phm my vi tnh.
Sau chn nt OK hon tt lnh, mt hp thoi xut hin xc nh qu trnh

tnh ton bin, ta tip tc chn OK. n y thao tc tnh ton bin hon thnh.
Trong v d ny, ta tnh tr trung bnh. Thao tc tng t nu chng ta cn cc php

tnh nhn, chia, hiu s, hay kt hp nhiu php tnh.
Kt qu sau khi compute s th hin r ti ca s Data View. Lnh compute gip

ta tnh ton c nhm ln (3 nhm) cho tng quan st (tng i tng nghin cu mt)
GI TR CA BIN
N1, N2, V N3 CHO
QUAN ST 1
Chng ta c th thc hin lnh thng k m t (tnh tr trung bnh ca cc nhm trn
tng mu quan st kt qu 2 ct cui cng VD trang 1), kim nh t, ANOVA hay phn
tch hi quy (i vi nh nghin cu thuc trng phi ng tr trung bnh lm bin c
lp X) trn 3 bin N1, N2, v N3 ny.
************************ CHC THNH CNG ************************

41

HUONG DAN THUC HANH SPSS THS Pham Le Hong Nhung

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HUONG DAN THUC HANH SPSS THS Pham Le Hong Nhung

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Hng dn thc hnh SPSS c bn GV: Th.

S Phm L Hng Nhung

CCH THC TIN HNH LNH FREQUENCIES

Mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi sau:

TNH TR TRUNG BNH (2 CCH)

3. ngha mt s thng s thng dng:

CCH 2. DNG LNH DESCRIPTIVES

ngha ca tng gi tr trung bnh i vi thang o khong (Interval Scale)

Gi tr trung bnh ngha

1.00 - 1.80 Rt khng ng /Rt khng hi lng/Rt khng quan trng

1.81 - 2.60 Khng ng /Khng hi lng/ Khng quan trng

2.61 - 3.40 Khng kin/trung bnh

3.41 - 4.20 ng / Hi lng/ Quan trng

4.21 - 5.00 Rt ng / Rt hi lng/ Rt quan trng

CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH BNG CHO

1. Vo menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Crosstabs,

2. Xut hin hp thoi sau:

3. Chn v a cc bin vo khung Row(s) (dng) v Column(s) (ct) v Layer 1 of 1

4. Click vo Statistics, xut hin hp thoi sau:

5. Chn cc kim nh cn thit. Trong trng hp ny ta dng kim nh Chi bnh

7. Counts chn Observed (th hin tn

Khi thc hin kim nh, ta c 2 gi thuyt.

H0: khng c mi quan h gia cc bin.

kt lun l chp nhn hay bc b gi thuyt H0, ta s dng cc kim nh ph hp.

Da vo gi tr P (p-value) (SPSS vit tt p-value l sig.) kt lun l chp nhn hay bc

p-value (sig.) (mc ngha) bc b gi thuyt H0. C ngha l c mi quan h

I VI KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG

Hng u tin ca bng Chi-square tests th hin gi tr P

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Likelihood Ratio 18.708 8 .017

Linear-by-Linear Association .202 1 .653

N of Valid Cases 511

Cui bng Chi-Square tests SPSS s a ra dng thng bo cho bit % s c tn

Trong v d trn c n 44.4% s c tn s mong i di 5, bin php cho trng

CCH THC TIN HNH KIM NH GI THUYT V TR TRUNG BNH

1. Vo menu Analyze Compare Means Independent-samples T-test

2. Chn bin nh lng cn kim nh tr trung bnh a vo khung Test Variable(s).

Trong kim nh Independent-samples T-test, ta cn da vo kt qu kim nh s

Independent Samples Test

A.Cleanliness and comfort of

Levene's Test for Equality of F .138

t-test for Equality of Means t -3.066 -3.040

Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .003

Mean Difference -.231 -.231

Std. Error Difference .075 .076

95% Confidence Interval Lower -.379 -.380

Nu gi tr Sig. trong kim nh Levene (kim nh F) < 0.05 th phng sai ca 2

Nu Sig. 0.05 th phng sai ca 2 tng th khng khc nhau, ta s dng kt qu

Nu Sig. ca kim nh t (mc ngha) c s phc bit c ngha v trung

CCH THC TIN HNH KIM NH GI THUYT V TR TRUNG BNH

1. Vo menu Analyze Compare means Paired-samples T-test

CCH THC TIN HNH PHN TCH PHNG SAI

(ANOVA Analysis of Variance)

Mt s gi nh i vi phn tch phng sai mt yu t:

- Cc nhm so snh phi c lp v c chn mt cch ngu nhin.

- Cc nhm so snh phi c phn phi chun hoc c mu phi ln c xem

- Phng sai ca cc nhm so snh phi ng nht.

a bin phn loi xc nh cc nhm cn so snh vi nhau vo khung Factor.

3. Click vo nt Option m hp thoi One-Way ANOVA Options.

Trong hp thoi One-way ANOVA Options:

- Click chn Descriptive tnh i lng thng k m t (tnh tr trung bnh)

- Click chn Homogeneity of variance test kim nh s bng nhau ca cc

4. Click chn Continue tr li hp thoi ban u click Ok thc hin lnh.