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nd
nd
re
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1er
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ies
lis,
re
lis.
' on
ith
is
:ed
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APPE N D ICES
ual
ss
:ed ____, c _ ___________ .
_ . -----,-7--_:-
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85.
9.
 Appendix 1 __

Appendix 1

CONVERSION TA BLES
" .-, . " - ,... ' . " --...

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OLD AND SI UNITS TEM PERATURE

Multiplication factors
Celcius (centigrade) Fahrenheit
Old units Old units 51 units 51 units
1100 2300
to 51 units to old units
100 212
x106/mm3 106 10-6 2
RBC X101 /L 95 203
PCV % 0.01 100 LlL 90 194
Hb g/dL None None g/dL 85 185
MCV 3 None None fL
].1 80 176
MCH ].I].Ig None None pg 75 167
MCHC % None None g/dL 70 158
WEC x103/mm3 106 10-6 x109/L 65 149
Platelets x103/mm3 106 10-6 x109/L 60 140
55 131
Total serum 50 122
Protein g/dL 10 0.1 gil
45 113
Albumin g/dL 10 0.1 gil
44 111.2
Bicarbonate mEq/L None None mmollL
43 109.4
Bilirubin mg/dL 1 7.1 0.0585 ].Imol/L
42 107.6
Calcium mg/dL 0.25 4.008 mmol/L
41 105.8
Chloride mEq/L None None mmol/L
40.5 104.9
Cholesterol mg/dL 0.0259 38.7 mmol/L
40 104.0
Copper ].Ig/dL 0.157 6.35 ].Imol/L
39.5 103.1
Cortisol ].Ig/dL 27.6 0.0362 nmol/L
39 102.2
Creatinine mg/dL 88.4 0.0113 ].ImollL
38.5 10l.3
Globulin g/dL 10 0.1 gil
Glucose mg/dL 0.0555 18.02 mmollL 38 100.4
Inorganic 37.5 99.5
phosphate mg/dL 0.323 3.10 mmollL 37 98.6
Iron ].Ig/dL 0.179 5.59 ].Imol/L 36.5 97.7
Lead ].Ig/dL 0.0483 20.7 ].Imol/L 36 96.8
Magnesium mg/dL 0.411 2.43 mmollL 35.5 95.9
Molybdenum ].Ig/dL 0.104 9.6 ].ImollL 35 95
Potassium mEq/L None None mmol/L 34 93.2
Selenium ].Ig/dL 0.126 7.9 ].Imol/L 33 91.4
Sodium mEq/L None None mmol/L 32 89.6
Triglyceride mg/dL 0.0113 88.5 mmol/L 31 87.8
Urea nitrogen mg/dL 0.3570 2.9 mmol/L 30 86
Urea mg/dL 0.1665 6.01 mmol/L
25 77
Zinc ].Ig/dL 0.15 6.54 ].ImollL
20 68
15 59
CO NVERSIONS
10 50
To convert grams per 100 mL into grains per US fluid ounce - multiply by 4.564
+5 41
To convert grams per 100 mL into grains per Imperial fluid - multiply by 4.385
0 32
ounce
-5 23
To convert grams into ounces aVOirdupois - multiply by 10 and
-10 14
divide by 283
-15 +5
To convert liters into US pints - multiply by 2.114
-20 -4
To convert liters into Imperial pints - multiply by 88 and
divide by 50 To convert Fahrenheit into Celcius:
To convert kilograms into pounds - multiply by 1000 and subtract 32, multiply the remainder by 5,
divide by 454 and divide the result by 9.
To convert Celcius into Fahrenheit:
multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32.
..... App,nd ice<

MASS LENGTH
Metric USllm perial Metric

=
1 kilogram (kg) = 15432 grains 1 ton (2240 Ib) = 1016 kilograms 1 kilometer (km) = 0.621 miles
or 35 .274 ounces 1 hundredweight = 50.80 kilograms 1 meter (m) = 39.370 inches
or 2.2046 pounds (112 Ib) (cwt) 1 decimeter (dm) 3.9370 inches
1 gram (g) = 15.432 grains 1 stone (14 Ib) (st) = 6.35 kilograms 1 centimeter (em) = 0.39370 inch
1 milligram (mg) = 0.015432 grains 1 pound = 453:59 grams 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.039370 inch
(avoirdupois) (lb) 1 micrometer (flm) = 0.000039370 inch
1 ounce = 28.35 grams
US/Imperial
(avoirdupois) (oz)
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers
1 grain (gr) = 64.799 milligrams
1 yard = 0.914 meters
1 foot = 30.48 centimeters
CAPACITY
l inch = 2.54 centimeters
Metric
or 25.40
1 liter (L) = 2.114 US pints = 1.7598 Imperial pints
millimeters
1 milliliter (mL) = 16 .23 US minims 16.894 Imperial minims
=

Pressure
US Liquid Imperial
1 kiloPascal (kPa) = 10.197 em H20
1 gallon (128 fl oz) = 3.785 liters 1 gallon (160 fl oz) = 4.546 liters
1 kiloPascal (kPa) = 7.50 mm Hg
(gall) (gal)
=
1 kilo Pascal (kPa) = 0.145 pounds

=
1 pint (pt) 473.17 milliliters 1 pint (pt) = 568.25 milliliters
square inch (PSI)
1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 29.573 milliliters 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 28.412 milliliters
1 atmosphere = 760 mm Hg
1 fluid dram (fl dr) = 3.696 milliliters 1 fluid dram (fl dr) = 3.5515 milliliters
I mm Hg 1.359 em H20
1 minim (min) = 0.061610 1 minim (min) = 0.059192
= 0.133 kPa
milliliters milliliters
= 0.0193 PSI
 Appendices

Serum constituents (US u n its)

Cattle Sheep Swine Horses
Electrolytes

Sodium (mEq/L) 132-152 145-152 140-150 132-146

Potassium (mE/qL) 3.9-5.8 3.9-5.4 4.7-7.1 3.0-5.0
Chloride (mEq/L) 95-110 95-103 94-103 98-110
Osmolality (mOsmol/kg) 270-306 270-290
Acid:base status

pH (venous) 7.35-7.50 7.32-7.50 7.32-7.46

PC02 (venous) (mm of Hg) 34-45 38-45 38-46
Bicarbonate (mEq/L) 20-30 21-28 18-27 23-32
Total carbon dioxide (mEq/L) 20-30 20-28 1 7-26 22-31
Anion gap (mEq/L) 14-26 12-24 10-25 10-25
Minerals

Calcium, total (mg/dL) 9.7-12.4 11.5-13.0 7.1-11.6 11.2-13.6

Calcium, ionized (mg/dL) 4.8-6.2 5.7-6.5 3.5-5.8 5.6-6.5
Phosphorus (mg/dL) 5.6-6.5 5.0-7.3 5.3-9.6 3.1-5.6
Magnesium (mg/dL) 1.8-2.3 2.2-2.8 1 .1-1 .5 2.2-2.8
Iron (pg/dL) 57-162 166-222 73-140 91-199
Iron hinding capacity (pg/dL) 110-350 270-557 270-390
Renal function

Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) 6.0-27 8.0-20 10-30 10-24

Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.0-2.0 1.2-1.9 1.0-2.7 0.9-1 .9
Liver function

Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0. 01-0.5 0.1-0.5 0-10 1 .0-2 .0

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.04-0.44 0-0.27 0-0.3 0-0.4
Bile acids (pg/mL) <50 <9 4-8
Metabolites

Ammonia (pg/dL) 13-110

Cholesterol (mg/dL) 65-220 43-103 28-48 46-180
Free fatty acids (mg/L) < 30 30-100
Glucose (mg/dL) 45-75 50-80 85-150 75-115
Ketones
Acetoacetate (mg/dL) 0-1 .1 0 .24-0 .36 0.24-0.36
Acetone (mg/dL) 0-10 0-10 0-10
-hydroxybutyrate (mg/dL) 5.9-13.9 4.7-6.7 0.55-0.80
Lactate (mg/dL) 5-20 9-12 10-16
Triglyceride (mg/dL) 0-14 4-44
Hormones

Cortisol (pg/dL) 0.47-0.75 1 .40-3.10 2.6-3.3 1.3-2.9

Thyroxine (T4) (pg/dL) 4.2-8.6 See Table 29.8
Triiodothyronine (T3) (ng/dL) See Table 29.8
Enzymes

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (units/L) 11-40 22-38 31-58 3-23

Alkaline phosphatase (units/L) 0-500 70-390 120-400 140-4003
Amylase (units/L) 75-150
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (units/L) 78-132 60-280 32-84 220-600
Creatine kinase (units/L) 35-280 145-380
GOT see AST
GPT see ALT
'Y-glutamyl transferase (units/L) 6.1-17.4 20-52 10-60 4-44
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (units/L) 9.4-21.9 0.5-8.0 5-18
 Appendix 2 2049

Serum constituents (US units) (cont'e/)

Cattle Sheep Swine Horses
Lactate dehydrogenase (units/L) 692-1445 240-440 380-630 160-410
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (units/L) 4.3-15.3 5.8-28 1.0-5.8 1 . 9-5.8
Protein

Total protein (g/dL) 5.7-8.1 6.0-7.9 3.5-6.0 6.0-7.7

Albumin (g/dL) 2.1-3.6 2.4-3.0 1.9-2.4 2.9-3.8

Serum constituents (International u nits, 51)

Cattle Sheep Swine Horses
Electrolytes

Sodium (mmoIlL) 132-152 145-152 140-150 132-146

Potassium (mmoI/L) 3.9-5.8 3 .9-5 .4 4.7-7.1 3.0-5.0
Chloride (mmoI/L) 95-110 95-103 94-103 98-110
Osmolality (mmol/kg) 270-306 270-290
Acid:base status

pH (venous) 7.35-7.50 7.32-7.50 7.32-7.46

PC0 2 (venous) (mm of Hg) 34-45 38-45 38-46
Bicarbonate (mEq/L) 20-30 21-28 18-27 23-32
To tal carbon dioxide (mEq/L) 20-30 20-28 17-26 22-31
Minerals

Calcium, total (mmollL) 2.43-3.10 2.88-3.20 1.78-2.90 2.80-3.44

Calcium, ionized (mmoIlL) 1.2-1 .6 1 .4-1.6 0.9-1 .4 1 .4-1 .7
Phosphoms (mmoI/L) 1 .08-2.76 1.62-2.36 1.30-3.55 0. 70-1 .68
Magnesium (mmoI/L) 0.74-1 .10 0.90-1.26 0.78-1.60 0. 74-1 .20
Iron (pmoI/L) 10-29 30-40 13-25
Iron binding capacity (pmoIlL) 20-63 48-100 45-73
Renal function

Urea nitrogen (mmollL) 2.0-7.5 3.0-10.0 3.0-8.5 3.5-7.0

Creatinine (pmoIlL) 67-175 70-105 90-240 110-170
Liver function

Total bilimbin (pmollL) 0.17-8.55 1 .71-8.55 0-17.1 7.1-35

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin (pmoIlL) 0.7-7.54 0-4.61 0-5 . 1 0-6.8
Bile acids (pmollL) <120 <25 10-20
Metabolites

Ammonia (pmoI/L) 7.6-63.4

Cholesterol (mmoI/L) 1.0-5.6 1.05-1.50 3.05-3.10 1 .20-4.6
Glucose (mmoIlL) 2.5 - 4.2 2.8-4.4 4.7-8.3 4.2-6.4
Ketones
Acetoacetate (mmoIlL) 0.0-0.11 0.026-0.034 0.023-0.035
Acetone (mmoIlL) 0-1.7 0-1.7 0-1.7
- hydroxybutyrate (mmoI/L) 0.35-0.47 0.47-0 .63 0.052-0.076
Lactate (mmoI/L) 0.6-2.2 1 .0-1.3 1 . 1-1 .8
Triglyceride (mmoIlL) 0-0.2 0. 1-0.5
Hormones

Cortisol (nmoIlL) 13-21 42-82 76-88 36-81

Thyroxine (T4) (nmoI/L) 54-110 See Table 29.8
Triiodo thyronine (T3) (nmoI/L) See Table 29.8
Enzymes

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (units/L) 11-40 22-38 31-58 3-23

Alkaline phosphatase (units/L) 0-500 70-390 120-400 140-4003
Amylase (units/L) 75-150
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (units/L) 78-132 60-280 32-84 220-600
 Appendix 3 _

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Carprofen 0.7-1.4 24 IV

Casein (iodinated) 0.01 24 PO

Cefamandole 10-30 4-8 IV, IM
Cefazolin sodium 10-20 6-8 IV
Cefoperazone sodium 30-50 6-8 IV, IM 250 TD SD IMM
Cefotaxime sodium 20-30 6-8 IV
Cefoxitin sodium 20 4-6 IV
Cefopodoxime prolexitil 10-12 8-12 PO (foals)
Ceftiofur sodium 2.2-5 12-24 IV, IM 1 .1-2.2 24 IM, IV
10 (foals) 6 IV (slow)
Ceftiofur crystalline 6.6 SD or 7 days SC into
free acid posterior
aspect of ear
Ceftiofur hydrochloride 125 TD 24 IMM
500 TD SD IMM
(dry cow)
Ceftriaxone sodium 25-50 12 IV, IM
Cefuroxime 250 TD 12 IMM
Cephacetrile sodium 250 SD IMM
Cephalexin 25-33 6 PO
Cephalothin sodium 10-30 6 IM, IV 55 6 SC
Cephapirin sodium 20-30 8-12 IM, IV 200 TD 12 IMM
50 8-12 PO
Cephaparin benzathine 300, TD SD IMM
Charcoal (activated) 1-3 g 8-12 PO 1-3 g 8-12 PO
Chloral hydrate 20-200 SD IV
40-100 6-12 PO
Chloramphenicol palmitate 25-50 6-8 PO NR
Chloramphenicol 20-60 6-8 IV, IM NR
sodium succinate
Chlorpromazine 1 SD IM 0.22-1 .0 SD IM
hydrochloride (cattle)
NR 0.6-4.4 (sheep
and goats) SD IM
Chlortetracycline 6-10 24 IM, IV
10-20 24 PO
Chorionic gonadotropin 1000-3000 SD IM, IV, SC 2500-5000 iu, SD IV
(HCG) IU, TD TD (cattle)
10,000 iu, TD SD IM
(cattle)
250-1000 iu, SD IV, IM
TD
Cimetidine hydrochloride 6.6 4-6 IV 8-16 8 IV
18 8 PO 100 8 PO
Cisapride 0.1 8-12 IV
0.5-1.0 8-12 PO
Clenbuterol 0.0008- 12 PO
0.0032
(0.8-3.2 }Ig/kg)
0.0008 12 IV
Cloquinol 0.02 12-24 PO
Cloprostenol sodium 0.1, TD SD IM 0.5, TD (cattle) SD IM
0.06-0.13, TD
(goats and
sheep)
 Appendix 3 2055

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Dimophebumine 1 .0-1.5 g, SD 1M
hydrochloride TD (cattle)
150-250, TD SD 1M
(sheep)
Dinoprost 0.002-0.01 SD 1M 25 TD (cattle, 10-12 days 1M
tromethamine estrus
induction)
25 TD (cattle, SD 1M
abortifacient)
8 TD (ewe,
estrus induction)
8 TD (doe, days 5 and 1M
estrus induction 1 1 of cycle
10-15 TD days 4 and 1M
(ewe, 1 1 of cycle
abortifacient)
5-10 TD (doe, 1M
abortifacient)
<60 days 1M
pregnancy
entire 1M
pregnancy
Dioctyl sodium 10-20 48 (limit PO
sulfosuccinate (DSS) 2 doses)
Diphenhydramine 0.25-1 6-8 N, IM 0.5-1.0 6-8 N, IM
hydrochloride
Diprenorphine 0.03 (horses) SD N 0.03 (cattle) SD N
0.015 0.015 (sheep)
(donkeys)
Dipyrone 11-22 SD, 8 N, IM 50 SD IM, N, SC
Dobutamine hydrochloride 1-10 flg Infusion per N
min
Docusate see Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Domperidone 0.2 SD, 12 N
1.1 24 PO
Dopamine hydrochloride 1-10 flg Infusion N 2-10 flg Infusion N
per min. per min.
Doramectin 0.2 SD IM, SC
Doxapram hydrochlOride 0.02-1 SD N 5-10 SD N
Doxycycline 10 12 PO (do not
use N)
Doxylamine succinate 0.55 8 1M, Sc, N 0.5 12 PO, IM, SC
(slow)
Edetate calcium disodium 75 24 N (slow, 67 12 N (slow)
(EDTA) dilute)
Edrophonium chloride 0.5-1 SD N 0.5-1.0 SD N
Enrofloxacin 5 12 PO 7.5-12.5 SD SC
7.5 24 PO 2.5-5.0 24 SC
Ephedrine sulfate 0.7 12 PO
Epinephrine (1:1000) 0.01 mL SD IM, SC 0.01-0.02 mL SD IM, SC
(1:10 000) 0.1-0.2 SD 1M, SC 0.1-0.2 mL SD N
Erythromycin base 0.1 infusion N 2.2-15 12-24 1M
(for ileus) per hour
Erythromycin estolate, 25-37.5 6-12 PO 4-44 12-24 1M
ethylsuccinate
300 TD 12 IMM
 App,nd"..

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interoal Route Dose Interval

(mg/kg) (h) (mg/kg) (h) Route

Erythromycin 600 m (dry SD IMM

cows)
300 m 12 IMM
(lactating
cows)
Estradiol 10-15 TD SD 1M 4-10 SD, 24 1M
(estrus
induction)
1 SD 1M
Estrone sulfate 0.04 12 1M
Famotidine 1 .S-3.3 S PO
0.2-0.4 6-S N
Febantel 6 SD PO 5-10 SD PO
Fenbendazole 5 (usual) SD PO 5-10 SD PO
10 SD PO
50 SD, 24 PO
Fenoterol 2-4 6-12 IH
Fenprostalene 0.001 SD 1M 0.002 SD SC
Ferrous sulfate 10-20 24 PO 10-30 24 PO
Fentanyl (transdermal) 2 x 20 mg patch per 400 kg
Florfenicol 20 4S 1M
40 SD 1M
Fluconazole 4 24 PO
Flumazenil 0.001-0.004 SD N (slow)
Flumethasone 0.002-0.00S SD 1M, IV, IA
Flunixin meglumine 0.25-1.0 6-24 IV, 1M, PO 1.1-2.2 12-24 IM, N
Fluoroprednisolone acetate 0.01-0.04 SD 1M
Fluprostenol 0.55 J.lg SD 1M
Fluticasone 2-4 )lg/kg 6-12 IH
Folic acid 40-75 TD SD 1M, PO
Folinic acid 50-100 m SD, 24 PO
Follicle stimulating 10-50 m SD IV, 1M, SC 5 TD 12 1M, SC
hormone
Framycetin sulfate 5 12 1M
10 (calves) 24 PO
Frusemide see Furosemide
Furazolidone 4 S PO 10 (calves) 24 PO
Furosemide 0.25-3 SD N, IM 0.5-4 12-24 1M
Gallamine triethiodide 1 SD N 0.5 then 0.1 to SD N
then effect (cattle)
increments 0.4 (sheep) SD N
of 0.2
Gentamicin sulfate 2.2 S N, IM 2.2-6.6 12-24 1M
6.6 24 N, IM 100-150 m 12 IMM
Glauber's salts see sodium sulfate
Glycerol lS0 mL TD 12 PO
(cattle)
90 mL m 12 PO
(sheep)
Glycerol guaiacolate 110 SD N
ether see Guaifenesin
Glycopyrrolate 0.001-0.01 SD, 12-24 IV, 1M
Glycopyrronium bromide see Glycopyrrolate
 Appendix 3

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Gonadorelin 100 g m SD 1M
Glycosaminoglycan, 250 m SD, 7 days lA
polysulfated 1 5 days 1M
Griseofulvin 10 24 PO 10-20 24 PO
Guaifenesin 110, give SD N 66-130 SD N
first 1/3rd to
cause
recumbency
Haloxon 50-70 SD PO
Hemoglobin (bovine, 10-30 mLlkg SD N
polymerized)
Heparin 30-100 6-12 SC, N
Hetastarch 10-20 mL SD N slow
Hyaluronate sodium 10-50 m SD IA
1 96 1M
Hydralazine 0.5-1.5 12 PO
Hydrochlorthiazide 0.5 24 PO 0.25-0.5 12-24 N, 1M
Hydrocortisone 0.1-1 SD, 24 1M, N
Hydroxyzine 0.5-1.0 12 1M, PO
hydrochloride or pamoate
Hyoscine (scopolamine 0.3 SD N
hydrobromide)
1mipenemcilastatin sodium 15-20 4-6 N
1midocarb diproprionate 2-4 24 1M 1.2 SD SC
Imipramine 0.55-1.5 8 IM, N, PO
Insulin, protamine zinc 0.15 u 12 IM, SC 0.15-0.3 u 36 SC
suspension
Interferon alfa -2a, 0.1-0.3 u 24 PO
human recombinant
Iodide sodium 20--40 24 PO 66 SD 1M
Todochlorhydroxyquin 20 24 PO
Ipratropium 2-3 g 4-6 IH
Iron cacodylate 2 SD N
Iron dextran 2 SD 1M
Isoflupredone acetate 0.02 SD 1M
Isoniazid 5-20 24 PO
Isoproterenol 0.4 SD N (slow)
Isoxsuprine hydrochloride 0.4-1 .2 12 PO
Itraconazole 3 12 PO
Ivermectin 0.2 SD PO 0.2 SD SC, IM
Kaolin pectate 2-4 mL 12 PO 0.25-1 mL 4 PO
Ketamine hydrochloride 1.1 SD N 2 SD N
(after appropriate 4 SD 1M
premedication)
Ketoconazole 10-30 12-24 PO
Ketoprofen 2.2 12 1M, N 2--4 24 1M, N
Ketorolac tromethamine 0.3-0.7 8 IM, N, Sc, PO
(goats)
Lactulose 120-300 12 PO
Lasalocid 1 24 PO
Levamisole 8-11 24 PO 5.5-11 SD PO
3.3-8 SD SC
 Appendices

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Levothyroxine 0.02 24 PO
Lidocaine 1.3 mg/kg Infusion N
as bolus then
0.05 mg/kg/min
Lincomycin NR 5-10 12-24 1M
hydrochloride
Loperamide 0.1-0.2 6 PO
Lufeneron 5-20 24 PO
Luprostiol 7.5 TD SD 1M 7.5-15 TD SD 1M
(cattle)
Magnesium hydroxide 0.5 mL 8 PO 400-450 g, 8-24 PO
TD (cattle)
10-30 g, TD 8-24 PO
(sheep)
Magnesium oxide 1000-2000 SD PO
Magnesium sulfate 0.2-1.0 24 PO 0.1 SD SC
2.2-6 (for 1 min N boluses 0.02 SD (with N (slow)
ventricular every minute calcium
tachycardia) until conversion gluconate)
or total dose
of 60 mg/kg
50 mg/kg/h
for 1 h then
25 mg/kg/h
as CRI (for
presumed
neonatal
hypoxic
encephalopathy)
Mannitol 0.25-2.0 SD N (slow) 1-3 SD N
Marbofloxacin 2 24 IM, N, SC
Mebendazole 8.8-20 SD, 24 PO
Meclofenamic acid 2.2 12-24 PO
Meloxicam 0.6 24 N, PO 0.5 SD, 24 IV SC, 1M
Meperidine 2-4 SD 1M, 3-4 SD 1M, SC
0.2-0.4 SD N (slow)
Methadone hydrochloride 0.05-0.2 SD N, IM
Methicillin 25 4-6 N
Methionine-DL 20-50 24 PO 50 24 PO
Methocarbamol 5-55 6 N 110 SD N
40-60 24 PO
Methylene blue NR 4.4-8.8 SD N
Methylprednisolone or 0.5-1 .0 24 PO
methylprednisolone 0.5-1.0 24 N
sodium succinate 10-20 SD N
(shock)
Methylprednisolone 0.5 SD, as 1M
acetate necessary
Metoclopramide 0.02-0.25 6-8 IV 0.1-1.0 6-12 IV 1M
Metronidazole 15-25 6 N, IM, PO,
PR
20-25 12 IV 1M, PO,
PR
 Appendix 3 2059

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Mezlocillin 25-75 6 N
Midazolam hydrochloride 0.011-0.044 SD N
Mineral oil 10 mL SD, 8 PO 8 mL SD PO
Minocycline 3 12 PO
Misoprostol 1-4 !J.g 12-24 PO
Monensin 1 24 PO
Morantel tartrate 8-10 SD PO
Morphine sulfate 0.2-0.8 SD 1M, N l-lO TD SD 1M
(slow) (sheep
and goats)
Moxalactam 50 8 1M, N
Moxidectin 0.4 SD PO 0.4 SD SC, PO
Nafcillin 10 6 1M
Naloxone 0.01-0.02 SD N
Naproxen 5-10 12-24 PO
Neomycin 2-6 6-12 PO 3-6 6-12 PO
4.4 8-12 N 88 8 SC
Neostigmine 0.004-0.02 SD, 6 SC 0.02 SD SC
Netilmicin 2 8-12 N, 1M
Netobimin 7.5 SD PO
Niclosamide 100 SD PO
Nitazidine 6.6 8 PO
Nitazoxanide 25 for days 24 PO
1-5, then
50 for
days 6-28
Nitrofurantoin 2.5-5 8 PO
Nitroglycerin 15 TD 24 topical
(topical over
each
digital
artelY)
Nitroxynil 10-15 SD SC
Norepinephrine 0.01 SD 1M
Novobiocin 400 TD SD 1MM
(dry cow)
150 TD 24 1MM
Oactating
cow)
Nystatin 250 000- SD IU
1 000 000
Omeprazole 1-4 24 PO
Oxacillin 25-50 8-12 1M, N
Oxfendazole 10 SD PO 2.5 SD PO
Oxibendazole 10 SD PO 10-20 SD PO
Oxydozanide 10-15 SD PO
Oxymorphone 0.01-0.02 SD 1M, N
Oxytetracycline 3.3-6.6 12-24 N (slow) 5-20 12-24 N, IM
30-40 (foals) SD N 300-400 TD 12 1MM
Oxytocin 0.05-0.1 SD 1M 0.05-0 . 1 1-1.5 1M
(induction (retained
of foaling) placenta)
0.01-0.02 1-1.5 1M 0.025-0.05 SD N
(retained (milk let down)
__ Appendices

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Pancuronium 0.04-0.066 SD IV 0.04 then SD IV

O.OOS (cattle)
0. 025 then SD IV
0.005 (sheep)
Pantoprazole 1.5 24 IV or PO
Paromomycin 100 24 PO
Penicillamine 3-4 6 PO 52 24 PO
Penicillin G, benzathine 10 000- 4S-72 1M 44 000-66 000 iu 4S-72 1M, SC
40 000 iu
Penicillin G, procaine 20 000- 12-24 1M 10 000-60 000 iu 12-24 1M, SC
50 000 iu
Penicillin G, sodium or 10 000- 6-S IV, 1M
potassium 50 000 iu
Penicillin V, potassium 66 000- 6-S PO
110 000
Pentazocine 0.33 SD IV, 1M, SC
Pentobarbital 2-20 SD IV 30 (to effect) SD IV
(to effect)
120-200 FOR SD IV 120-200 FOR SD IV
EUTHANASIA EUTHANASIA
Pentobarbitone see pentobarbital
Pentosan sulfate 250 (ID) 7 days IA
3 7 days 1M
Pentoxyfylline S 12 PO
Pergolide 0.002-0.01 24 PO
Perphenazine 0.3-0.5 12 PO
Pethidine see meperidine
Phenobarbitol 5-25 SD, S IV 10 24 PO
10 S PO
Phenothiazine 55 SD PO
Phenoxybenzamine 0.6 6-S IV
hydrochloride 0.6-1 .2 12 PO
Phenylbutazone 2-4 .4 12-24 PO, IV 4 24 IV
10-20 (loading 24-4S PO
dose) then
5-10
Phenylephrine 0.02- 0.04 SD IV (over 10 min)
hydrochloride
Phenytoin sodium 5-10 SD IV
then 1-5 4-S IV, 1M, PO
(for seizures) 12 PO
10-12 (for
rhabdomyolysis)
10-22 (for 12 IV (slow), 1M
arrhythmias)
Physostigmine 0.1-0.6 SD 1M, IV
Phytonadione (vitamin Kl) 0.5-2.5 SD, 4-6 IV (slow) 0.5-2.5 SD, S IV (slow), 1M
Piperazine 110-200 SD PO
Pipercillin 15-50 6-12 IV, IM
Pirbuterol 0.001-0.002 12-24 1H
Pirlimycin 50 ID 12-24 1MM
Pivampicillin sodium 20 12 PO
Poloxalene 22-44 24 PO
 Appendix 3 2061

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Polysulfated 1 96 IM
glycosaminoglycan 0.5 96 IA

Polymixin B 6000 SD N 6000 SD N

Ponazuril 5-10 24 PO
Potassium bromide 20-40 24 PO
Potassium iodide 4-40 24 PO 1 .5 24 N
Potentiated sulfonamide (see sulfonamide/trimethoprim)
Pralidoxime chloride 20-50 4-6 N 25-50 SD, 6 N (slow)
Praziquantel 10 SD PO 10-15 SD PO
Prednisolone 0.2-4.4 12-24 IM, PO 1-4 SD, 24 N
Prednisolone sodium 0.25-1.0 SD N
succinate
Primidone 10-20 6-12 PO
Procainamide 0.5 to total 10 min N
dose of 4
Progesterone 0.3-0.6 24 IM
Promazine 0.25-1 SD N
1-2 SD PO
Propafenone 0.5-1.0 SD N
Propantheline bromide 0.014 SD N
Propofol 2.4 Infusion N
(induction)
0.3
(maintenance)
Propranolol 0.03-0.3 12 N
0.4-0.8 8 PO
Propylene glycol 110-225 mL 24 PO
TD (cattle)
110 mL TD 24 PO
(sheep)
Protamine sulfate 0.2 SD N
Prostaglandin F2u. 0.02 SD 1M
Pysyllium mucilloid 500 12-24 PO
Pyrantel pamoate 6.6 SD PO 25 SD PO
Pyrantel tartrate 2.6 SD PO
Pyrilanline maleate 0.8-1.3 6-12 N, IM, SC 1-3 SD N, IM
Pyrimethamine 1-2 24 PO
Quinidine, gluconate 22 2-4 PO 50 Over N
4 hours
0.5-2.2 10 min until N 210 loading 6 PO
conversion dose then
to sinus 180
rhythm or
suppression
of arrhythmia
,1 Ranitidine hydrochloride 6.6 6-12 PO 50 8 PO
1.5 6-12 N
Reserpine 2-5 24 PO
Rifampin 5-10 12 PO
Romifidine 0.04-1.0 SD N, IM
Salmeterol 0.0005-0.001 6-12 IH
Scopolamine See hyoscine
hydrobromide
 Appendices

Horses Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Selenium See text (p. 1735-1736)

Sodium acid phosphate 60 g in 300 mL water N and SC every 24 h for
adult cattle
Sodium chloride 4 mL SD N 4 mL SD N
(hypertonic, 7.0%)
Sodium sulfate 1-2 SD, 24 PO 1-2 SD PO
Sodium thiosulfate 30-40 SD N 660 (cyanide SD N
poisoning)
1 (copper 24 PO
poisoning)
Spectinomycin 20 8 1M 20 12-24 N, IM, SC
Stanozolol 0.55 168 1M 2 SD 1M
Stilbestrol 0.3 SD 1M
Streptomycin 11 12 IM, SC 11 12 1M, SC
Succinylcholine chloride 0.09-0.11 Sd N
Sucralfate 10-20 6-12 PO
Sulfachlorpvridazine 88-110 12-24 N
30-50 (calves) 8 PO
Sulfadimethoxine 55 24 N 55-110 24 PO
55 then 28 24 N
Sulfadimidine 100-200 SD N
loading dose
then 50-100 24
Sulfadoxine/trimethoprim 15 12-24 1M, N (slow) 15 12-24 1M, SC, N
Sulfamethoxypyridazine 20 24 SC, 1M, IV, IP
Sulfonamidcltrimethorprim 15-30 12-24 PO, IV, 1M 15-30 12-24 IM, N
15-30 12-24 PO
(pre-ruminan t
calves)
Suxamethonium chloride 0.1 SD N 0.02 SD N
Terbutaline sulfate 0.02-0.06 6-12 PO
0.002 SD N
Tetanus antitoxin 3 iu (tetanus SD IM, N, SC
prophylaxis)
100 iu 72-120 1M, IV, SC
(treatment
of tetanus)
Tctracylcine see oxytetracycline hydrochloride
Theophylline 8-12 8-12 PO
Thiabendazole 44 SD PO 50-100 SD PO
Thiamine hydrochloride 0.5-5 SD N, IM, PO 5-50 12 IV, 1M
(vitamin B1)
Thiamylal sodium 2-4 SD N (to effect) 4.4-8.8 SD N
Thiopental 4-10 SD N 8-16 SD N
Thiophanate 2.4-4.8 g, TD SD PO
(cattle)
240-480, TD
(sheep)
Thyroxine L 0.01 24 PO
Ticarcillin (with or without 50 6-8 N, IM
clavulanate)
Tiletamine hydrochloride 1.6-2.2 SD N
with zolazepam
hydrochloride
 Appendix 3 _
Horses Ruminants <cattle, sheep, goats)

Drug Dose Interval Route Dose Interval

(mglkg) (h) (mglkg) (h) Route

Tilmicosin 10 72 SC
Tobramycin 1-2 8 N
Tocopherol acetate 10-15 iu 24 PO
(vitamin E)
Tolazoline 4 SD N slowly
Trenbolone acetate 140-200 TD SD SC
Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1-0.2 SD 1M, SC 0.02-0.04 SD 1M
6-18 TD SD IA

Trichlorphon 35-40 SD PO
Triclabendazole 12 8-10 weeks PO
Trilostane 0.4-1 .0 24 PO
Tripelenamine hydrochloride 1 6-12 1M 1.1 6-12 IV, 1M
Tubocurarine chloride 0.3 then SD N 0.06 then SD, to N
0.05 0.01 (cattle) effect
0.04 then SD, to N
0.01 (sheep) effect
Tulathromycin 2.5 SD SC
Tylosin NR 17 24 1M
Vancomycin 4-8 6-12 N
Verapamil 0.025-0.5 SD N (slow)
Veruconium bromide 0.1 then SD, to N 0.04 then 0.01 SD to effect N
0.02 effect (sheep)
Vitamin Bl see thiamine See text
Vitamin C see ascorbic acid
Vitamin E see tocopherol acetate
Vitamin E micellated 6-10 iu 24 PO
(water soluble)
Vitamin Kl see phytonadione
Warfarin sodium 0.02 then 24 PO
slowly
increasing to
effect
Xylazine hydrochloride 0.1-1.1 SD IV, 1M 0.05-0.15 SD IV, 1M
Yohimbine hydrochloride 0.075 SD N 0.125 SD N
Zeranol 36-72 TD SD SC
Sources: Bishop Y. The Veterinary Formulary, 5th edn. London: The Pharmaceutica I Press, 2001 . Plumb DC. Veterinary Drug Handbook,
2005 (accessed online through ww.VIN.com), and other sources.
'- Appendices

Appendix 4

DRUG DOSES AND INTERVALS FOR PIGS

Suggested drug doses and intervals for pigs, and concentrations of medicaments in feed. Dosages listed are general recommendations
and may not be optimal or efficacious in all instances and may need to be adjusted depending on the disease, its severity, patient factors
such as age or diet, and because of regulatory considerations regarding milk and meat withholding times in food animals.
Manufacturer's recommendations should be checked before administering any drug and the effect on withholding time of varying from
the manufacturer's recommendation regarding dosing should be considered. Local regulations regarding use of drugs in animals that
may be used for human food should be consulted.

=
Doses are given in milligrams per kilogram body weight (mg/kg) unless otherwise stated (g gram, iu international units) . Drugs
=

given as total doses are denoted byTD. Dosing interval is given in hours, unless otherwise stated, or unless given as a single dose (SD) .
The route of administration is indicated as: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), oral (PO), subcutaneous (SC), or intraperitoneal (IP) .
One ton 1016 kg.
=

Pigs

Drug Dose (mglkg) or

(Concentration Interval
in feed or water) (h) Route
Acepromazine maleate 0.03-0.5 SD IM, N, SC
Acetazolamide 6-8 SD IV; IM, PO
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) 10 4 PO
Albendazole 5-10 SD PO
Amoxicillin trihydrate 6.6-22 8-24 IM
6.6-22 12-24 PO
Ampicillin sodium 6-8 8 IM, SC
Ampicillin trihydrate 4.4-22 8-24 IM
Amprolium hydrochloride 25-65 12-24 PO
Apramycin sulfate 10-20 24 PO
(150 g/ton)
Arsanilate, sodium (700 mg per 4 L drinking water for 7 days)
Aspirin see Acetylsalicylic acid
Atropine sulfate 0.02-0.04 SD IM
Azaperone 1-2 SD IM
Bacitracin zinc (10-50 g/ton)
Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (250 g/ton)
Baquiloprim/sulfadimidine 10 24 IM
Bismuth subsalicylate 2-5 mL, TD (piglets) (900) 6-12 PO
Bromhexine hydrochloride 0.2-0.5 24 IM, PO
Calcium gluconate 150-250 SD IV; IM, Sc, IP
Carbadox (50 g/ton)
Ceftiofur sodium 3-5 24 IM
Ceftiofur hydrochloride 3-5 24-158 IM
Chloramphenicol palmitate NR
Chloramphenicol sodium succinate NR
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 0.6-3.3 SD N, IM
Chlortetracycline 10-20 24 PO
(50-100 g/ton)
Cimetidine hydrochloride 300, TD 12 PO
Cloprostenol sodium 0.18, TD SD IM
Dantrolene sodium 3.5 SD N
Dexamethasone 0.06 (1-10, TD) SD, 24 IM
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
see Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone 21-isonicotinate 0.02-0.1 SD, 96 IM

Diazepam 0.55-5.5 SD IM
Dichlorvos 17 SD PO
(334-500 g/ton)
 Appendix 4 _

Pigs

Drug Dose (mglkg) or

Concentration Interval
in feed (h) Route

's Dimetridazole 10-25 24 PO

s Dinoprost tromethamine 15 TD then 10 TD separate doses 1M
3. (estrus induction) by 12 hours
n 5-10 TD (abortifacient) SD 1M
it 10-25 TD (induce SD 1M
parturition)
Diprenorphine 0.03 SD N
;s Dipyrone 50 SD 1M, IV, SC
).
Doxapram hydrochloride 5-10 SD N
).
Doxylamine succinate 0.5 8 PO, IM, SC
Edrophonium chloride 0.5-1.0 SD N
Enrofloxacin 2.5 SD 1M
Epinephrine
(1 :1000) 0.01-0.02 mL SD 1M, SC
(1:10 000) 0.1-0.2 SD N
Erythromycin estolate, ethylsuccinate 2.2-22 24 1M
Fenbendazole 5 SD PO
3 24 PO
(10-80 g/ton)
Ferrous sulfate 0.5-2 24 PO
Flunixin meglumine 1.1-2.2 8-12 IV, 1M, SC
Follicle stimulating hormone 1000-1500 iu TD SD 1M
Furazolidone 5-20 (piglets) 24 PO
Gallamine triethiodide 4 then 0.8 to effect SD N
Gentamicin sulfate 2.2 24 PO, IM
5.0 SD PO, 1M
Griseofulvin 20 24 PO
Guaifenesin 44-88 SD N
Hygromycin B (12 g/ton)
Iron dextran 100-200, TD (piglet) SD 1M
Ivermectin 0.3 SD 1M / PO
1.8-11.8 g/ton
Kaolin pectate 0.2 mL 4 PO
Ketamine hydrochloride (after 11 SD 1M
appropriate premedication)
Levamisole 8 SD PO
0.8 g/kg
Lincomycin hydrochloride 11 24 1M
2-10 24 PO
(40-200 g/ton)
Luprostiol 7.5 TD SD 1M
Mannitol 1-3 SD N
Marbofloxacin 2 24 1M, IV, SC
Mineral oil 2-8 SD PO
Morphine sulfate 0.2-0.9 SD 1M
Moxidectin 0.4 SD SC, PO
Neomycin sulfate 7-12 12 PO
Neostigmine 0.06 SD 1M
Oxibendazole 15 SD PO
Oxfendazole 3-4.5 SD PO
Oxymorphone 0.075 (with ketamine SD N
and xylazine)
Oxytetracycline 2-10 / 10-30 12-24 / 12-24 1M, SC / PO
Oxytocin 0.1-0.2 (agalactia) 3-4 1M
(2-10 iu)