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phagocytosis is enhanced by opsonins CORRECTION C3b (and not C3a) is the opsonin.
13 IV.E.1 06/21/2011
(IgG and C3a) Should read (IgG and C3b)
CORRECTION Ecchymoses are >1cm and purpura are
Symptoms of skin bleeding include petechiae,
31 II. B. 2. > 3mm. Should read include petechiae, purpura 06/21/2011
ecchymoses (> 3mm), purpura (> 1 cm)
(>3mm), and ecchymoses (>1cm)
Aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) TYPO The enzyme is ALA dehydratase (not
43 IV. B. 2. 06/21/2011
converts ALA to porphobilinogen dehydrogenase).
CLARIFICATION More recent studies show that
hemolysis occurs throughout the day. Hence, the color
change (hemoglobinemia) seen in the first void upon
awakening is mostly due to urine production and
Intravascular hemolysis occurs episodically,
49 I. B concentration of hemoglobin overnight (as opposed to 06/21/2011
often at night during sleep
hemolysis occurring mostly at night). Of note, my
explanation in the text remains partly true and is an
excellent way to remember the pathophysiology of this
disorder.
CLARIFICATION Nitrates do result in coronary artery
vasodilation. However, a more significant effect is
74 G. 3. Nitrates vasodilate coronary arteries vasodilation of veins. This results in decreased venous 06/21/2011
return to the heart, which in turn, decreases preload and,
hence, stress on the myocardium.
Table 9.5, Squamous
cell carcinoma (under
96 Kertain pearls or intracellular bridges TYPO intracellular should read intercellular 06/21/2011
characteristic
histology)
CORRECTION The gastroduodenal artery lies posterior
May rupture leading to bleeding from the to the duodenum. Hence, rupture of a posterior (and not
105 VI. B. 3. gastroduodenal artery (anterior ulcer) or anterior) ulcer would lead to bleeding from the GDA. 06/21/2011
acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer) Should read gastroduodenal artery (posterior ulcer) or
acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer).
CLARIFICATION Tram-track appearance can be seen
Thick glomerular basement membranes on in both type I and type II MPGN. However, it is more
128 V. A. 06/21/2011
H&E, often with tram-track appearance commonly seen with type I (USMLE examiners do ask
about this!).
CORRECTION The crystals in gout exhibit negative
birefringence (and not, positive birefringence). This is
199 Fig. 18.9 Gout. A, Tophi. B, Postive birefringence. 06/21/2011
correct in the text, but needs to be corrected in the image
caption.

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