| South Korea’s Rise Economic Development, Potver, «and Foreign Relations Uk Heo ‘Terence Roehrig BE CAMBRIDGE Wp otivensiry enrssSouth Korea and Japan: an ambivalent relationship ‘When asking Japanese tens abou th favorite music answers wil fea ince dhe K-pop music phenomenon of lbp oe al-boy bs rom South Korea, In adton, sme of the moxt watched tleion thm in Japan are Korean dramas suc as Winer Sonat ad Love en et espe this tment felts aint, deep fecinge of ists ta ‘osity permeate thes ofthese two coun spared by body of ‘water whose nam, East Sea or Sen of Jan, eves cach dares According toa eine survey conducted in Apr 2013 by South Korean nd s Japanese newspaper, 78 percent of South Korein baled re Sons were bad beeen the wo countries, an ncresse of 14 pointe ace "he survey ws lst taken 20 Jpanen etings for South Kore ad sorte iter 71 perenne were bd ‘South Korea and Jpun hae a ong rslationship that goes hack cn cus butithar fen been ait oe, On sere es, tnonded Korea eter to conguer the peninsula or ss thoroughie 0 ‘each China, From 1910 to 1045, Japan occupied Koes bral period ‘Kore’ history that continues o frm the Backrop fora relationship that often sine. South Kores and Jopan normale scans ia 1965 during the eat years fhe ROK econo tke ad econrae ts have grown signifcaly. Furthermore, both att deacrais a share important secur interests part ar reales wt the United Sats. Yet despite these commonais, dhe velsonship hs remained Re hon rn Dr 1S lath pment et aa SRE RE Soret acorn "Ra Seta eee aSou Kore an aps Tible 6.2 ADI foo fom South Koee Japan (USD maton) —_ Renato ine a and Jopanese ental banks are able 9 excnage currency with exh tic at fed imtcrst and exchange rts to help defend crea 4 grit In 2008 the sap agreement increased to £20 lle a 2011 rox sain to $7Dbilon asa respons ounce oerBoepes sonomic problems” The agreement nas up foetal in 2012 eee fr $30 bilion, but in the wake ofthe Dokdo’ Thesis cnt se {ators were unable wo reach an agreement and the rap fd ose ‘ecko $13 biion. Ofc insted the fae bad og todo psa thatthe atonal sp unde were no longer ney ba ‘ow Believed the ind dispute did aot hae a impact Les Soros, conomis for Hyundai Secures, noted, "Toe decaion sms eae ‘ev iene by th deteriorating reson evo Jaana Rea ‘ss dimension o South Kores-opan economic tes thats grown {eles ofinestmentn eachother economy. Seuth Koran nent asus oe the yas but reached $374 malign in 210 sed oo {ied 0 He 1 $59 milion in 2012 Cable 62). pence neces 'n the ROK economy (Table 63) grew even tte seashing $c ° Gs Srey ian an Sash Ka Seep Cay TA i Tins Sioa i RL al ie ey eT SS gn eh aeons ae he el eee ae “Table 6.3 FDI os fom Jopan to South Koes (USD mon) | 2000, dropping for a few years hut shen going above the $1 aon lark geuin in 2005 and eechng a peak of simon $4 hllon in 2012 Since 2000 Japanetelvetinent i South Koes hos inrered by 272 percent, In 2012 Japanese foreign investment accounted for 28 percent South Koreas ol FDI, nk first ahesd of te United Seats 93.5 ‘tom, Hone Kong ($1. bliom), Singepre ($4 blion), and Chins ($750 milion) ashe argstnvestorsn te ROK ‘Much of the credit fr increased panes ivesument goes te he sarength of the yen relative tothe Korean on, The fw wo nde Koren ineestments» good bargain fr Japanere capital an kuti sented the high cost of Japanese exports for Koran Sayer Japs “Sompanics dha produce in South Rowe lowered the coat te goods {or ROK consumer 1p December 2012 Japanese voters retuned the Liberal Democrat arty (LDP) to power atc lower hous of te De and with Sino Abe othe postof prime minster, poston he eld fora yearn 2006-07 ‘Abe campaigned rgarouly.onresving the pane econocy inctdng lowering the value a the yen vo make fpanese exports more compeusve ininternationalsarkts Abe succeeded in accomplishing his on a tbe fen declined by 13 percent apts the South Korean won i hb st four months in ofc” Many tered ths migh hurt Jopanee iver sent in South Kors, Yet Han Keon, Commisioner of the Keres ei at aa et ita 1» Runge Pa sd Sean hay "Abs ak Yo Ply Brod, as Tors mtg es Noy Mn, moon ene *ipttene etch pantc th ponding ee9% South Kore alana Trade-lovesment Promotion Ageney'+ freien inestment. dvs, argued: “As man Japanese investors came to Kors with longterm ‘i, which ha et do withthe canton ofthe foreign exch: ‘at, Thnk we wll beable to achieve te gol fe continue tod ou ‘strong yen wa oly pat of he explanation Lo Japan's FD gro In South Koren As fay ROK producers re in tent lapanese lees of pare and raw materia detent of moving lose to hee OK customers For ample our Japanese manufacturers ~ Tess, Toray Tide, and Sumitomo Chemie ~enreted thet falls fs Sout Koren to manure ihiumsn tates and carbon fe among ater thins. Morng to South Kore alo aieees what sms Japanese analy eal “The So Hardie high yen; high corporate {axe high electric es andsopply resticionseneonmental eau ‘ons; delved tre lberatenton and an overzeglted labor mace In addon, the ROK goverment is bul dadurial pars to entice Japanese incest nan efor to ceste sabe spy chin an Tone is tee dec with Togo. When Japanese manufacturers relocate to South Kesea, they ao benef tom Souls agpeove pul of FT, singe manuficuring in South Korea ges them the benefits of ROK FTA wih che Unied States andthe EU? Pep edie ‘A rematlable though less considered element of biter telson i ‘enomenon known ss hab othe Korean Wove. The sage of Kesesa pop culture in Japan besan in 2003 withthe ning sf Winter Sona, 1 Roresn telco dra, By the Japaner ton NHK. “The show ‘opted Japanese aulences snd wan flowed hy other eeviston des tins South Keren movies, nd Karena mae (po) which garnered s hge fan basen Japan. Estimates ila tat Japanese fans generac 70-80 percent ofthe revenue for K-pop performers reducing close to $6 bilion angully compared eo reatrey meager $396.3 millon South Rove, Spine treme, fon, pm ex ones peor, “Spm ie a nth ie” ins Mar 12,203 os igsbuuas ches hrietaatszan » Hse Sonn gee Eo re Sean ne 2 Rs Sia Slade Do” Cho hy ag 27,2012 ‘seth cameraman eso ara soso oa (ter the post yer a5 he poplar of al has eco in pan, inpat election of poor relaors betwen Seoul and Toyo. The te Sins that rose in fill 2012 were paul esos, Pak Sung tan, = ‘erarcher athe Keres Foundation fr International Cure Esch, ‘ers at er ow any nee pce oe a tn ag ‘hme incur fn Maren 2013) 15 pect fhe 40 pple ‘eed sneered hau we sey tong od feu, Tw peresge ised tof pret by November intercede rout mh) SEE eer enti Ase we apt AnssKorean alsin Joan demand te withawal of Kea pox : Japanese also expressed their anger at South Korea in other ways. ‘The popular Sout Koran aco Song Ip lad 2 sn ay Dokl Testima on August 1, 2012 0 commemorate the el he Janee ocean. Shorty afr the rey, ming wa ses or to ple demas eine Song le, ths pane oe ‘mnt efnad to antes vey dling pct Ply pop ‘Ton were snubbed atthe sf 201, Enc Now Yar Ev, NER ‘st Rass msc show tht fetes pops nga end ond Xen in: eof ean Rm ge peri, ‘Pooh ice mov coal these sna wee icy pone he Dokdo/Taenina apr. K:Pop eens om Japan ha cid bat ‘hei gue more tothe decent ve of eye than desig pa iy Des te op an dow afte extent el ed on fleece or po tenets damon ines power sos tht Enreceanpuned Sonn Ravn etm eon Finaly, ROK-Jpan economic tes hare ao been aided by a vigor tur ow of tourn between oth counties Ae shown in Tle 6, om 2008 t 2012 Japanese vistors o South Korea increased sey from approximately 2-4 millon t 33 milo, an increase of amest > Yu Some tan fo Fh eT, Ene ee Se Tony Sper 42012 wen spmen ciphers SOD Ug Spec eeSSeS casei Sree are Saree ati e gra ERTa ESTO EEO SISO Ec re ST re ST Ee ET ra OS Teas Te ES re aTO STATOR ATOeSIOCE SIS ERISC EEE ORE SCRE ERIe ERIE Care SST SSE SSE EEE SEES 98 Sout Kote and open ‘Tale 64 Jape tour Sth Kaa, 2008-12 Yer_Talvanoy Serena en eee Bu lamest “an Ba $8 percent, Trougho these er Jopanes ori epresened 31.62 20. percent of South Kore olsen assy ng th le ‘er one sure of is trougout a per 102011 Jpanese vistors pet oe S800 lo, an amount at ep D1: pecet tom the peoun Jens $010 talon, The Uae Sey an Chi exe in dant cond a hd S402 al {81094 muon napecvey. Closet 3. milan Japanese ite South Korean 2011, spending est th money ot enero, Sein comin ROK or emp cated pcan {Set ppt puns fans af Koren loos dean, Rp ‘ooking, The Kpep tur inde Tonos on telat dance ves Soe lapan made dane mandtry prof te mae cho pase ‘cco cael 2012" Aste ocean fo apne ee len medi our a 120,000 ved South Koren in 01 es tereskout ane angry” ‘Dente the seady grove pence tity te sumibers bona fll nthe lst arte of 2019 ad on ine 2013. rom Oneber 20120 ne 2013, Japanese ators compare o he seme teats ers ‘he previo year ell a average of rer 25 pore each month pane ‘cam emai around 20-25 percent of South Kore ir tous pending on the month bt nb second tend Chin “Toft expan the dropper te! o Sou Korea Fis foxmoutef2012 Japanese ura had shown res nln Jane) [Sera eek So oe eons, Biiiiwetincctenelnledagaiataa ates aT 3B ais cee Ew meena ROK. Japa cy open ” increase of 18.6 percent from te previous yar. But in Ostober 2012 ‘double ig deops began to osu compared to previous mont and oninued into 2013. The ming of Ocabe is sinicant a coi ‘ts the aermath of the Dokl Takeshi ow an the growing ns ‘Posty evident in bo contre It very Hey that pois payed | Tol inal nthe decease un oui. However, another ator ws abo a work and may have been an even srcater motivation fr fewer Japanese a journo Soith Koes tet fig ro South Koren spy breane soc expensive duet the Weabaes ofthe yen. As seul Japanese toursm apd the spending af toe who do rave to South Koes have decreased signin, One vende te oak Slycong dong dart in Seoul lamented “T've been ia Myeons: ‘lng fr 20 year, bt sls have never Been hs low: My busines om ‘he verge of going broke.” lung the elec ofthe Dob Takeshi die pute anche depreciating en the vendor continue, “Allo hese acort have enalted and Myeongdong took se hit, Not oly stay tut most ofthe neers hee ne tera te des dsrease by hal However, wl apne our to South Keres dcoppe Korea have taken adeanage ofthe stonge won t ult Japan ln Apel 2013, 204,000 Sous Korean wat ofp, 33 peeent nrese aca ‘em dhe largest tour group tos apa.” ROK-Japan security cooperation Sins to what ha occured wihin ROK-US relations, South Korean ‘economic developmen aio helped eeate the cepabiite an toclst9 Be ‘more valuable secu pormer ip ober felitonship. The growth im ROK apatites especialy is Nas ha inretaed the opporanies for ‘cunt eooperation th mote orcursingthan many raze, Both Sth Koes and Japan hie serious conceran shout Norih Reva, and have cites worked sey wih the United Stats lateral rangement ot {prt ofthe Six Pe Tas, South Korean Japa aro maintain rez, though low-level sou sig cooperation ip several penuerGnen the nature of the sec, ‘pore ofthis cooperation occur between the naiesrather han the rm and Air Pore, In 1999 the ROK Navy ad the span Mare SueDefense Force GMSDF) bean biter earch ina fescue eres » met ni te i Ti 0, Ene a100 Sou Kernen pan onder onc every wo years. These eerie aio nce port vis bythe especie ships where the cre vst the local ine play spor {ng evens, and undertake huraniaan projects, Navy leadr® alo et once a yer to discus common problems and both nates conduct dent (midshipmnen) and oieer exchange progam throughout the yet ‘Thetivonaies also wrk together in several altel contents int ‘ng he biennial Rim ofthe Pcie (UMPAC) naval exercise ste ‘he United Stats and Combined Task Force 131 to combat pitacy cf ‘he Somal cos. ‘Mos ofthese ates ae relatively lo-ee, and ths been i= alt to move ino higher-level ace, a pared to esctions Imceligence sharing. ifort to adden this cbtale nd hers Were fon fhe horizon withthe pending coetsion ofthe General Seu! Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), In ey 2011 the Nie ‘str of Naonl Defense announced the pening slgnng ofthis apr ‘ent along withthe intention to pute a zcond one the Aegon tnd CrosServicing Agreement, thet would enanceogsieal cooper: ton, The GSOMIA, an agreement South Kors he with move ts "en other counts, would allow fr the dict sharing of cles ‘ied mary nteligence ana improve jie planning Wah mutta cor cm over North Korea, the agreement woud slow greet ating of human inelgence an achantage South Korea oli and Japs seongth i signals inteligence. Mach of hit infrmation i shared etwcen the two countries hut i done theovgh the United Sater at 2 Snrrmediry, The GSOMMA woul alow the des exchange of Ofc nea provisional agreement Api 2012 burencountered ‘teas opposion tothe accord. Aer much bene seenes wor, {he Lee Myung-ak cabinet passed de del wich lite pubic knowles ofthe acon and only few days before the expected ging ofthe fl document in Tokyo on June 29. When word ofthe impending ssnicg ‘mis anounced, opposition among bers ad conserves ore quicr to fever pc nthe face of wdesprend opposition Defoe Mints Kim Kann announced etl tun an hour before the sighing that would hve to be postponed, «very embarrsing move forthe ‘The broad, biparhan opposition wo the agreement poins 10 se ral motion forthe voatreusreacton. Fis, ay agreement wath ‘ipa can be contentious ven the hay of the rltonship ad he > Moon nen Hy Iwi Kai Say Cape” Senn Ce ty 2k samen apace eet Doll Tieshina depute. Second, ete in some conkers caret, ‘ete weve concerns that ap agreement ofthis tore Would peat (0 ‘be South Koren working wih Japan against Chia. Some were a exer fr Not Kees ton tip ts it {arget of ineresedintelgencecnoperiton Pinal thes wat Sage fof anu-US seaument nthe oppoison beeing was Washington tt ‘es forcing Seoul ths agreement. The United Stats es very ap pointed when the GSOMMA fel through ad welcomed the oppor for greater itera sect operon becreen st alle, Bu con eens about US pressure were oeblown span as indeated wing {o'sign a GSOMMIA anyue but suppor it South Rove una "0 "see In Fein espose to Japan's cm to Takeshima contained {318s 2013 Defense Woste Paper, the ROK Foreign Ministry ated“ Phe Japanese government wll at be ale fo farther detlop aera try "ts with Souh Kore ii doen’ ie up calms to Deka” Obstacies to beter relatons: history and sands Relations between Seoul and Tokyo hav long been lected by memo es ofthe Japanese cecupation, Though the occupation ended case 10 ven decade ago seer rus remain that have made ROK Sepa ie (ical nd sees ee inecy Rescument over oriole us of itr onic to bes probe ns emperor and steal pine miniers have apologised ote Snr and Seren Wo On Aga 1,198 Sneath anne of the en fh ar, epnese Pre Miter ‘Tuleh Surya ended eal set wh he epee “etn ep emer ndchatcepiy” ang ioe fot mourning orl ine, both tho ad oad Mas ‘slaty Apt 2810 o he Bune sneray ote pers ‘cespnton fe, rine Mine Ns Rando the enrmots ‘ruse nd sleet rng sell ae, Tn he ‘Spr one agin ot deep retuat sd bear spclogy™ Despite Crs Pe Ta Rte Deda hi Ts = ‘ni esp Fa Ste och Sep "nh Occ402 Sow Kort and fran ‘hese ees ngering resentment remains ver what many Korensand ters in Asa seas erence that Japan has ot Seen ul since 9 4 apolopies. In par, some point othe exch Kan reeied om ‘sonserattes and members of on party othe apology ‘One’ of the most sense hor its is Ut of he “come women. Demonstrations condaue evry Wednesday afternoon euties the Japanese embassy in Scot il for grsterscountng othe bos ‘0% afte on these women In December 20114 ce group eres ‘bronze sae where the demonstatns voce of oun Et itt ‘dona Korean dees seated ins cha to commemonte then feed toto sexual shivers. The ste was ons to musk the hewn smesting ofthe Wednesday ateroon demonstitrs. The Japanese $0" ‘tament mati i made rerun with te compensation pacha: ‘ofthe 1965 nomalizaton agreerett Morsorey in 19958 semen then Chief Cabine Secretary Yobe! Kono achnowiedped hath women ere eure agains hl ot wl” andthe ein ier ta feet nations under coercive aunorphere.” The govrament of aps xtended "sincere splopies and emorse tall hse ho sues Jmmeasnble pig and inerabe pis sad pyeleicl wound comfort women" "ears rose wth the reura of Shinan Ae thi Japan might reat ox ‘some os statement ofeonviton regarding Weld Wit, ecu de 1983 Kono semen egarding sexual avery. In March 2007 Abe he femarkad tos reporter tat hes at certain "comer women ee roe into seal slavery,» comment he lat feted” Repair ‘World Wa in gener Ape 2013 Abe answered» gueston tom 2 Dist member about is vewsan th 1995 Murayama spy los “The definition of what consis nein’ het tobe etic in academia ot in the international community. Things the happened becween nation wl ook diferent depending which side you vce ‘hem tom."® Laer Chie Cabinet Seeretary Vote Suse reancd thatthe Abe adoration had ntti of chaning ano Japan Bee teat ti oats cil a fe Terenas fenonal vae-of ea OMRSTD AO - » Yeats ye CC ery Ye Koon he Rte ‘Sh ui aot Comet wane" ye ct lle an [853 ren gnpperuncaine » Sine po Ft Bs in Ce ee Woe Big + RES "ims Pine neh Win Paine ar rotons and apologies for World War I! To make mates wore, Se along we Oke Mayor Toru Husted rpg st sve dag the war “To mann pine nt my mative ‘econo ine "9 The pein Hato ad aad tht eno ence of con women cng fe ine seta ‘evcr and oped he Kersh grenoble eerie Bel ie August 2013 Jopn rg newpaper, Ym Shinto, {urns nan eral f-condot women wee ocean te ‘ian seed the 1993 Reno sare bere ‘Anois poe as ern the pro ei of pea extooks that alto mention or do oe fal do Jones brio dang Word Wor pining sx slavery, the orapaon of Kote sad th Xaning Manze When new tools sv ele mary in South orn ehewberin Aske the sce otc what ico at [igh whewntog attr Te ia era ah ave evs of panes endes the ‘watt shrine in Tego. The ssine smear to he 23 ron Jno to Ge Aging forth ua, Nobodies ae enone 2st and ant owed yo alte wth he panes gore ramet Howee, owe honored the shone ince fen Cl Ser cml fom Wold War li, ncng Genel Pols To. feime Miner unchto Relounve the tne ier tg ‘nein ce om 2001 to 2006, tough foreach ost Kasur ined be was ding wom a prte con: Each Une be made the Iramey, much of Au speed n prtse Sucrtig rine mies ‘onetime but a Apel 2019 es f Pre [ier Ate cakinet members inane Dep Pre Mr Ta ‘As alog wih 160 Diet menor ved be ine, eo ier ‘ict ales started 1968 Ae if note tenet did ‘tc « bole offing. Howes, on Deconier 36, 2013 Abe did ste he po Yam pomp eis rr South Rees acd See ater ete Shera a eeFee ets re gee Ee CE OREO ERE ERROR RCE SRE SEER EE 104 Sout Konan Japan ers in Est Asa along with an expetsion of disappointment fom Wishing, Doki Ttesina dane Another ngeing isu haha fled esentment beeen South Kor ‘nd Japan is the Dok Takesbaa apse, The sgeemenexcalaed in fs 2012 and helped to pnge elas othe lowe pat et Dott consis of to smal tan and group of sounding Terk located approxima all way Between South Rowe at ope ie Esc Se (Sea of apan. The Une States ha ald the lands Lis sure Rocks 2 sference tO the Pench whaling ship tht almest ‘ground on the bland in 1849, Then ate sal ie in, se value but ae important for Sng sta possible ofore el ens posi, ‘In 1952 President Syngman Rhee deltsd the “Proclamation Sovereignty oer the Adjacent Seas” tat dew a line of South Koren ‘estoy placing Dokdo in the Repub of Korea. South Kore seve Died the sands in 1954 and over the seas ensiched a presence ce ‘Bat nuded wharf, iphouse, ane ales for fr gored (Coast Guard peronnal who sinter thea. Tovgh Sou Kores pores the lands the matte asouse of biter dputebeoneen Seoul and Tolge. Both enue oan ioe ‘ence io rel cents athe pai tht eran cans ba the crucial part f the spurte begun ater In Febusey 195 Japan aco porated DokoTieshimns, mating henna wee unoccupied dd lnelsied or terms" Slonging to nu one, Mos inp, epek ‘cquted the nds before enabled & protector over Kore ot ‘Novembcr 1905 and the formal annexin that allowed ve yar er, Consequently, Tlyo fs argued that when the oes ane! anes tion eats wer ule flowing Wend War, apa alsin possesion ofthe land, ‘South Korea has a diferen view ofthese events msnisining it had established soreregnty before 1005, negating the fora mits age ‘ents that incorporation the protectorate sn anneacon were eg fd posed agnase Keren wil, Korean authosies potted Jaan ‘cons by lasting Drecuve No IT on Apel 29,1906, denoancig the equision.* Consequently, apn di not estab sovereignty though ‘iptables 2 ea ‘hee seins. And Japan's te grounded tbe annexation aree- ‘Ben the avs argent em nd Sod since tenor hat ‘clined would not ned to be iatededin he aneraton doc. ‘Wat the end of World Wat Ty the snd ive rere with the United States plying a cea fle. Inthe Ptsdam Declaration ‘ued by Harry Turan, Chizng Kasil, and Winetoa Chul on Jal 26,1985; Aricl 8 sated “Japanese sovereignty sal be ited to the dans of Honshu, Hokiaide, Kyu, Shitoks and such minot Shinde 2 we determine" The following year the Supeeme Come ‘unde of Alled Powers (SCAP) sce an insrton menor (GCAPIN 677) that didnot It “Lisncoure Rocks (Tike Ilan)” a8 part of Japanese ertory but did note tat “noting inthis ctve {hall be conszued a a ndeaton of Aled poly rling to the ul tute dterouzatin of the minor lands refereed In Ale 8 ofthe Povsdun Delton." SCAPIN 677 war nt dei on dering sovereign and tern 1946 US occupation authriesised SCAPIN 1053 at farther confoed the fee, The memo stated that "Japanese ‘ese o personae! thereof will not approach closer than twee (12) Ines to Tesi. nor have say contact wih snd island.” The Sie appeared to support ROK chins, bat sme pont othe we of ‘he Jopanene mare a evidence to the conta Homer Japan athe leaded sdlence, using Taken mish be the expected his ‘Conanlng its efforts to conance US accopaton authori oft cise, in Sepember 1947 the Japanese Foreign Ministry prerened Dart 1V of fae monograph ened *Minor Islands in th Sen of pan” $2 SCAP otis The document ostined Japan's cate for svete ovet “Tkeshims and ether sands and was ental forarded to Sate Depsrnent ofa whete i appeared to have 2 signin inenee ret US decision making ROK leaders wee apparent unavare of ‘ae een “The fling year, SCAP received « document from the “Patios ‘td Men's Asocauon ia Sco agin that st well ndertod that such an lind [Dokdo} occupied legally Wy Japan shou be retarat Signe Cama of Aled Powers, “SCAPIN No. 67," my 28, 946, em 2 iecteeate tenon a ee » EERE tate at ee an ae tat105 South Koran pan tp Korea.“ No doubt the document reece the vews of the nev ‘tected Re adinisrision but since wae not ora statement ee the ROK government, e hed Js nfuence, And ay Cad Wat tensions increased US ofl Beep resognized totes wh Jopen were moe ‘important than with South Kore ai leaned in Tabs ovor™= ‘The months prior tothe signing of the 1951 San Framesco Treas that broughe an end to Weld Wat I were partly important ee US invobement in the isu. Te Bra rerio ofthe treaty included the flowing winding “Japan recognizing the independence of Keres renounce lite and claim o Kees nding tetas of es Dare {Chejdo}, Port Hames (Komunds) snd Daze [Ulleangdo} = ‘Though eave drats had lacaded reference to sither Dokdo. e2 Tkeshima, the nal version chose o make no mention ofthe inland The ROK Ambassador to the United Snes dented wo tepatat soteson}uly 19 and August 21951, eoeying cones about the tet Including the absence of Doda. US Anisant Secreury of State Dest ‘ask answere thee peas in memorandum divert ey tothe Se Koreans that ssed "the ind oer not appear eer before to hate ‘ees claimed by Koes.” Buti was not long before the United Sass ‘sdopted the stance that it does not ae postion onthe svetienty of the lan and wil accep whatever setent Seoul and Tolge otk ‘out dplomataly te same postion hls oa "Mare recently, South Korean filha posted o ater evidence tp stengten thie cae. fn 2009 a ROK reenter a the Rosca Mare le Insitute found we Japanese document tha indented Dok Korean ester. The two documents - re minster ordinance No. 24 une 6, 1951) and fnancal miner ordinance Nov (Doce ber 13, 1951) = maimain tae Chsjse, Dolo and Uilcunado ste ‘ot Japanese.” The flowing year, Yue Honaia, = apanese pre sor at South Kore’s Seong Univer, donee ov panes apy ‘fom 1877 and 1889 that excluded Dokdo fom Jaane teeters = In » Tinh te Give Fe Cane 6 Bohn: Cho i, ea 3, Sats ‘alah don smac on coiaussoreoa SOs ‘May 2013 four Japanese academics Meld pets conference announc- Ing thi support for Kove sovereignty abd one ofthe scholars stated that we petete the Dokdo sesae at tori fue she than ‘ett! one. Japan occupied Dokdo to Beer enact the 1908-05] Rassoapansse War. Reparding as itor sue ke aring tn irston rater than eepentng for Final in September 2019 {io Chinese maps produced ia 1845 and 1851 wore dacosied tht Indie Det wat Korean tector Daring the pst fw years the doputeoser Dotdo’Takeshims has conned to cselate- La spring 2011, following the esttgushe ad ‘Surana Jspan, South Korean sl satan and expression of Sp por poured into Japan The ROK goreaient sent 100 recur workers Wheeler grou elected thowsande of dallas dations. Sameung Picdged $1.2 millon, «dozen Kepop stars domed $10,00, and Bae Nong oon an actorsth lrg sponte flowing, leet 8) mon ‘Soon se, Jspan's Minin of Bavcton approved tome mie schoo Textbooks tht renewed the chim to Tikehimas ded aif fom South Kores sed to cl. I fact,» Seoul srrit goverament ice that nd collec 810,000 for snarl eel! donated he sum t 3 ROK oi ‘rcp hat promotes the Dolo ene Ta May 2011 eee South Korean legitors journeyed to Kunst Island, be of the Ko and that Rane occupied fer Worl! War I Japan coiaes to malatla hopes of recaiming some of these lands tat ibaies Rass seed uns Cheong Ws Dae tte he ip i ot epreent oll government policy sod wos done la thet pevonl spicy, but Japanese ads were unhappy nonetielese. The flowing ron + Korean Ailes A380 Abus Hew «demeontravon Right ot Don ant Toko suspended use f the ine by soremment ofits ‘orone mony maintaining the fight had vila Japan apace in August 2011 thre Japanese Dit members fom the LDP ta tle fo South Koren forthe express purpose of vsing Uleungdo, [ROK isand approximately 90 homes noetovest of Dokdo, to bere eae cece ne oto ae Aron Lent Koen, Ob ones Ge Wy Ad Fost apn,” New Amari Soap camoaman et toten sta108 Sow Kees pan ‘derstand Seoul's arguments on the dpe, For weeks ae the tp ‘wes announced, ROK ofc tried to scourge the fpuneae nash from departing, believing the tp wae lggel 2 pmmck to de ‘teaton to Togs angumens. The lawmakers eft Japan on Aves, ‘but were detained st Gimp Tntenadonal Aiport. The ROK Fores Mins issued statement tat "ts iat sect thet tafe ‘Bei up wll havea pegative imps on lated lates" The ‘makers waited several hous atthe spor lore bearing ¢ Hah fr home, The folloving day the Japanese Ministry of Bets esd 2011 Defense White Paper that ted Takeshita tera pat “span terntory"™ “The lng-simering spate bled over when Peet Lee Myung. baka srpese wt oe aang on Augus 10,201 the fest ROK ‘resident ro vt Dokdo, Ding his vit, Lee tld te pce stoned ere that “Dolo is the end of our tersory, Pee make sures ‘send Dokdo wel, Dokdo is indeed oar terry sad w pace worth taking our testo defend. Let make sure to send the with pride" The sme da, South Korea payed Jape inte Lamon Opis for ue bronze medal in socer Aer denn apan 29, © iubilane ROK plsyer tok a sign fem » South Korte fon that pre ‘hime in Korean “Dokdo fou and” and rn a ctry ap hong up the sin. The ROK pljer came closet losing hiv nea mains poll gesture while onthe ld but he was natal heo i Sout Kore, ‘Tapa’ respons to hee events es sift an unhappy Prime Mites ‘Yoshihiko Noda desied Law's sts “unaceepae" a "very rea tabi." noting "beh Nstorally and by inemasonal as, Takeshns elongstoapan. The apanee goverment summoned South Korea aunbissaor for an explanation, andrei ie awn anbasador Coe Seoul Presiden Lee farther angered Jpan by demanding an apolon fom Enperor Akhico before sting Japan, ting“ have sad (che Emperor] may come here ithe will fo aplogne rom bis eto "hose who dit ging for independents, [The Emery] dosn't need Soe ee = Mir se pi Boron 1p 26 row mod gL paper «Bem Seen rt fp Soi Re ar ee ee Pere Sa ier em tnt oe oF tn come fei coming just to ofr bs deepest eae" The and opt hly to bea problem for long the oes Conchsion ‘South Kors’ relationship with Japan i compte mie of sore ‘mest ary, exnomic integration, sn somo secu eres Bows counties lave many reason to cooperate bat he pst, ong ath the DokdoTakesina disput, often gti he way. Ezonomi es ce = pil that helps Sel sh Te survive the persistent ea inte ‘aon. Thuy ROK economic development hak pajed sw ale in Stabling this telatonhip deni the aban that Hl to Se yr of ROK Japan es for years to come Eo jae ton, Coat” etn mm