Helicobacter pylori

/ /

) (% . ) (% .
) (% ) (% . ) ( % ).(%.
. ) (%.
) ( . H. pylori % )
H. pylori (
. H2S

) (%. .

Abstract
75 samples were collected from patients who suffering from chronic active gastritis (33.33%) ,
gastritis (30.67%), gastritis ulcer (12%), gastric cancer (2.66%) , duodenitis (12%) and duodenal ulcer
(9.34%). Mostof the patients (82.6%) were ageing between twenty and sixty years old. The results of
ELISA and rapid chromatography strip assay appeared that 85.3% of patients had immune response
( specific antibodies ) against H. pylori The percentage of isolation was 41.3% from peptic ulcer
biopsy samples (Only 31 H. pylori pure isolates were cultured ) . Allof the bacterial isolates showed
positive reactions for oxidase , catalase and urease tests, and had ability to utilize citrate whereas they
had inability to hydrolysis of gelatin and produce H2S .Most isolates had multiple antibiotic
resistances which were resist to ampicillin , amoxicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, rifampicin ,
metronidazole and streptomycin (67.74%) and the rest of isolates appeared at least resistance to four
antibiotics.

H. pylori
) (Spiral Form Rounded ends
(Benaissaet al.,1996; Kersulyteet al., 2000). H. pylori
) (In Vitro

) (GullWing ).(Rod Form

) (Coccoid Form ) (viable
) (Metabolically active ) (not culturable
).(Bode et al., 1993., Cellini et al., 1994 H. pylori
) (Microaerophilic
% (Hazel et al., 2000) %
).(Hachemet al., 1995) (8 6.8

 Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(6)/ Vol.(21): 2013

) (Curved Bacilli 5. 2.5 1.0

0.5 6 4
. 30 5 3

.
), (Covacciet al., 1993

) vacuolatingcytotoxin (VacA cytotoxin-associated protein
(Tummuru et al.,1993; Tummuruet al; 1994) (CagA)(T

) ( Blaser and Berg 2001
). (Labigneet al, 1991; Suerbaumet al., 1993
H.pylori ,
). ( Blaserand Berg 2001
.
.
% 50 ,
% 100 .
% 80 .
.
) . ( noninvasive
CagA
) (Telford et al., 1994 8
Tummuruet nitric oxide synthase ) platelet-derived growth factor
)(al.,1994; Blaser,& Berg, 2001

-


Colombia blood agar
37 - .
(Macfaddin, 2000
); Holt et al.,1994; Baron andFinegold,1990


.H2S

.
:
. Brain Heart
Agar
37
72-48
.


75 Endoscope Unite
/ /
//
Dyspeptic Symptoms

) .(1
) (1 ) (%33.3 ) (%30.67 ) (%12
) (%12 ) (%9.34 )(%2.66
% 56 %44
60 -20 ) (% 82.6 20
%. 60 . %10.7

 Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(6)/ Vol.(21): 2013

) (1

Active Chronic
33.33% 25
gastritis
30.67% 23 Gastritis
12.00% 9 Duodenitis
12.00% 9 Gastritis ulcer
9.34% 7 Duodenal ulcer
2.66% 2 Gastritis cancer
99.98 75 Total

) ( Rapid
Chromatography H. pylori
%85.3
) .(2
) 31 (
) cimmon citrate (2

(Baron and Finegold,1990 ; Holt et al.,1994; Macfaddin, 2000 ; Brenner et al.,
)2005
H. pylori
%


)(Labigneet al., 1991
H. pylori ) (%41.33
) (2001) (2001 ) (2001
)(2002 % 50 % 49.4 % 70.8
) (2006 %14 %30 )(2007
.%52.5
H. pylori
H. pylori
50 100 / ) ( 3 %100


% 80.6 % 87.1 % 74.2 74.2
% ) ( A ) (B
) (% 12.9 . ) (C ) (% 6.45
) ( D ) (% 6.45
. ) . (2001


. % 1
% 82.3 ). (Toracchio and Marzio, 2003

) ( H. pylori
% ) 100 ,50/( H. pylori
Cl Tc Mt Ap Ax Sm Rif
67.74 4, 5, 9, 11, 16, 17, A
18, 20, 21, 22, 24,
+ + + + + + +
27, 28, 30, 33, 36,
37, 40, 43, 44, 45,
46
12.9 + + + + + + - 7, 25, 26, 39 B
6.45 + + + + + - + 14, 23 C
9.67 + + + + - - - 8,13, 19 D
100 31
100 87.1 80.6 74.2 %
) (+ (-) .

(2001) . Helicobacter pylori
.
.
() . Helicobacter
.pylori - .

 Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(6)/ Vol.(21): 2013

Helicobacter pylori ( 2001)

. .
. . .(2002) .
. /
Helicobacter Pylori .(2006).
. / .

Baron, E.J. and Finegold, S.M.(1994) Baily and Scotts diagnostic microbiology. 9th
ed.mosby com. pp. 333-351.
Benaissa, M.; Babin P.; Quellard, N.; Peezennec, L.; Cenatiem, Y. and Fauchere, J. I
(1996): Changes in H. pyloriultra structure and antigene during conversion
from the bacillary to the coccoid form. Infect. Immun.; 64: 2331 - 2335.
Benson, H.J. (1998). Microbiological applications laboratory manual in General
microbiology. 7 thed. The Mc. Graw-Hill companies. P.431.
Brenner, D.J., Krieg, N.R.and Staley, J.T.,(2005) Bergeys manual of Systematic
Bacteriology,2nd ed.Vol.2,The Proteobacteria Part CThe Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-,
and Epsilonproteobacteria
Bode, G.; P. Malferththeiner and F. Mauch.(1993). The coccoid forms of
Helicobacter pylori Criteria for their viability. Epidemiol. Infect.111:483-490.
Blaser, M.J., and D.E. Berg. 2001. Helicobacter pylorigenetic diversity and risk of
human disease. J. Clin. Invest. 107:767773.
Bradford, P. A. and Dean, C. R. . 2008. Resistance of Gram- Negative Bacilli to
Antimicrobials. In `` I. W. Fong Karl Drlica (Editors) ,ch. 4, pp. 97-159.
Antimicrobial Resistanceand Implications for the Twenty-First Century.
Springer Science. New York.
Cellini, L., N. Allocati, D. Angelucci, T. Lezzi, E. D. Campli and B. Dainelli. 1994.
CoccoidHelicobacter pylori not culturable in vitro revert in mice. Microbial.
Immuno I. 38: 843 - 850.
Covacci, A., S. Censini, M. Bugnoli, R. Petracca, D. Burroni, G. Macchia, A.
Massone, E. Papini, Z. Y. Xiang, N. Figura, and R. Rappuoli. 1993. Molecular
characterization of the 128-kDa immunodominant antigen of Helicobacter
pyloriassociated with cytotoxicity and duodenal ulcer. Proc. Natl.exported
protein. Mol. Microbiol. 12:307319.
Degnan, A. J.; Sonzogni, W. C. and Standridge, J. H.(2003).Development of a plating
medium for selection of Helicobacter pylorifrom water samples. Appl.
Environ.Microbiol. , 69 (5): 2914-2918.
Ferguson, D.A; Chuanfu, J.R.; Patel, N.R; Mayberry, W.R. Chi, D.S. and Thomas, E.
.(1993). Isolation of Helicobacterpylori from Saliva. J. Clin.Microbiol. 31(10):
2802-2804.
Hachem C. Y.; Clarridage J. E; Evans D. G. and Graham D. Y. (1995). Comparison
of agar based media for orimary isolation of H. pylori. Clin. Pathol. 48: 714 -
716.
Hansel, M., J.E. Shea, C. Gleeson, M.D. Jones, E. Dalton, and D.W. Holden. 1995.
Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection.
Science . 269:400 403.

Hazell S.Helicobacter pylori: culture and antibiotic resistance.2000.J.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 15(12): H26H27.
Holt, J.G., Kriegn, N.R., Staley, J.T., and Williams, S.T. 1994. Group2 aerobic
/microaerophilic motile Helical/ Vibroid gram negative bacteria In: Berge's
manual of determination Bacteriology, PP.42-48 19th edition Williams&
Wilkins, USA .
Jawetz, E.; Melinick, J. L. and Adelberg, E.A. (1998). Medical microbiology. 21th ed.
Lange Medical Pubilcation, Colifornia. P:231-236.
Kado, C. and Liu, S.T. 1981. Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and
small plasmids. J. Bacteriol. 145.
Kersulyte D., Mukhopadhyay ., Velapatio ., Su W., Pan Z., Garcia ., Hernandez V.,
Valdez Y., Mistry R., Gilman R., Yuan Y., Gao H., Alarcn T., Lpez-Brea M.,
Torres O., Berg D.,differences in genotypes of Helicobacter pylori from
different human populations . J. Bacteriol. 2000. 182: (11) 3210-3218
Labigne, A., V. Cussac, and P. Courcoux. 1991. Shuttle cloning and nucleotide
sequences of Helicobacter pylorigenes responsibl for urease activity. J.
Bacteriol. 173:19201931.
Laurence, D. R.; Benntt, P.N. and Bron, M.J. (1997). Clinical pharmacology. 8
thedition churchilllivingston, London.
Lingwood, C. A. (1993). Helicobacter pylori: receptors and adhesins, p. 209222. In
C. S. Goodwin and B. W. Worsley (ed.), Helicobacter pylori: biology and
clinical practice. CRC Press,Boca Raton, Fla.
MacFaddin, J.F., 2000. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. 3rd
Ed., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA.
Olivieri, R., M. Bugnoli, D. Armellini, S. Bianciardi, R. Rappuoli, P. F. Bayeli, L.
Abte, E. Esposito, L. De Gregorio, J. Aziz, C.
Prescott, L.M.; Harely, J.P.and Klein, D.A. (1990). Microbiology .The
W.C.B.publishers, U.S.A.P.430-431.
Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory
manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor,. New York.
Schmitt, W., and R. Haas. 1994. Genetic analysis of the Helicobacter
pylorivacuolatingcytotoxin: structural similarities with the IgA protease type of
exported protein. Mol. Microbiol.12:307319.
Stemmer, W. P. C. 1991. A 20-minute ethidium bromide/high-salt extraction protocol
for plasmid DNA. Biotechniques 10:726.
Stevenson, T.H.; Lucia, L.M. and Acuff, G.A. (2000).Developmentof a selective
medium for isolation of Helicobacter pylori from cattle and beef samples. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 66(2): 723-727.
Suerbaum, S., Josenhans, C. and Labigne, A. 1993. Cloning and genetic
characterization of the Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae flab
flagellin genes and construction of H. pyloriflaA- and flaB-negative mutants by
electroporation mediated allelic exchange. J. Bacteriol. 175:32783288.
Takafumi, A.T.; Xu,O.; Torres,M.; Kusugami, K.; Israel1, D.A , and Blaser1, M. J.
2000. Restriction and modification system differences in Helicobacter pylori
are a barrier to interstrain plasmid transfer.MolecularMicrobiology . 37(5):
1052-1065.
Telford, J. L., P. Ghiara, M. DellOrco, M. Comanducci, D. Burroni,M. Bugnoli, M.
F. Tecce, S. Censini, A. Covacci, Z. Xiang, E.Papini, C. Montecucco, L.
Parente, and R. Rappuoli. 1994.Gene structure of the Helicobacter

 Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences/ No.(6)/ Vol.(21): 2013

pyloricytotoxin and evidence of its key role in gastric disease. J. Exp. Med.
179:16531658.
Toracchio, S and Marzio, L. 2003. Primary and Secondary antibiotic resistance of
Helicobacter pylori strain isolated in central Italy during the years 1998 - 2002.
Dig. Liver Dis. 2003 Aug, 35 (8): 541 - 5.
Tummuru, M. K. R., T. L. Cover, and M. J. Blaser. 1993. Cloning and expression of a
high-molecular-mass major antigen of Helicobacter pylori: evidence of linkage
to cytotoxin production. Infect. Immun. 61:17991809.
Tummuru, M. K. R., T. L. Cover, and M. J. Blaser. 1994. Mutation of the cytotoxin-
associated cagAgene does not affect the vacuolatingcytotoxin activity of
Helicobacter pylori. Infect. Immun. 62:26092613.