Important Taylor Series

The following are some important Taylor series representations you should memorize. In-
tervals of convergence (i.e. intervals on which the representations are valid) are also given.

1 X
= xn = 1 + x + x3 + x4 + , 1 < x < 1;
1 x n=0

x
X xn x2 x3
e = =1+x+ + + , < x < ;
n=0
n! 2! 3!

X x2n+1 x3 x5 x7
sin x = (1)n =x + + , < x < ;
n=0
(2n + 1)! 3! 5! 7!

X x2n x2 x4 x6
cos x = (1)n =1 + + , < x < ;
n=0
(2n)! 2! 4! 6!

X x2n+1 x3 x5 x7
arctan x = (1)n =x + + , 1 x 1;
n=0
2n + 1 3 5 7

X xn x2 x3
ln(1 x) = = x , 1 < x < 1.
n=1
n 2 3