Titu Andreescu

Razvan Gelca

MATHEMATICAL
OLYMPIAD
CHALLENGES

Foreword by Mark Saul

Birkhauser
Boston Basel Berlin
Contents

Foreword
Mark Saul xi

Preface
Titu Andreescu and Razvan Gelca \ xiii

I Problems 1
1 Geometry and Trigonometry 3
1.1 A Property of Equilateral Triangles 4
1.2 Cyclic Quadrilaterals 6
1.3 Power of a Point 9
1.4 Dissections of Polygonal Surfaces 13
1.5 Regular Polygons 16
1.6 Geometric Constructions and Transformations 20
1.7 Problems with Physical Flavor 22
1.8 Tetrahedra Inscribed in Parallelepipeds 24
1.9 Telescopic Sums and Products in Trigonometry 26
1.10 Trigonometric Substitutions 29

2 Algebra and Analysis 33

2.1 No Square is Negative 34
2.2 Look at the Endpoints 36
2.3 Telescopic Sums and Products in Algebra 38
2.4 On an Algebraic Identity 41
2.5 Systems of Equations 43
2.6 Periodicity 47
2.7 The Abel Summation Formula 50
2.8 x + l/x 52
2.9 Matrices 54
2.10 The Mean Value Theorem 55