1.

1.1
, :
. /2 . /4 . . 2

1.2 D, F
x. F, D x :
D
. F=Dx2 . F=Dx . F=Dx . F=
x

1.3 : =0 t, :
. x= t . x=t . x= t . x= t

1.4 =0,5s
10s,

. 10 . 20 . 40

1.5
:
. .
. .
. .
. .

1.6 :
. . . .
. . . .

1.7 I .
, :
. .
. .
. .

1.8 L C
. :

. 4f . 2f . f/2 . f/4

1.9 LC ,
Q . , , Q :

=
2
. = Q . Q= . . =Q
Q

1.10 LC ,
Q . q
q=Qt, :

. i=t . i=t . i=t . i=t

1
1.11 LC .
:
. . . .
. . . .

1.12 LC .
:
. . . .
. . . .

1.13 LC
.

. .
. .
.
. .

1.14
F=b . b
, :

. . . . . .

1.15 .
:
. .
. .
. .
. .

1. 16 .
/16 :

. /9 . /4 . /3 . /2

1. 17 f0 , b
, f.
:
. .
. f .
. , |ff0|
. , |ff0|.

1.18 x2=(t) x2=(t+/3).

:
. =2 . = 3, . = 0, . = 2

1.19 ,
f1=200z f2 =100z. :

. 100z . 300z . 150z . 200z

2
1.20 x1=4t x2=6(t+)
:
. x=10(t) . x=2(t+)
. x=2(t) .

1.21
:
. .
. .
. .
. .

1.22 ,
f1, f2 . :
. 2.
. 2.
. t=1/(f1+f2).
. f=|f1f2|.

1.23 ,
x1=1(t) x2=(t+/2). 1
1 , 2
. =1+2,
:
. 0 . /2 . . /3

1.24 LC 20
1s. :
. 20s . 0,1s . 0,05s . 5s

1.25 .
:
. b.
. Dx
. .
. .

1.26 , ,
, f1, f2 f1f2 :
. (f1+f2)/2
. |f1f2|.
. (f1+f2)/2.
. .(f1+f2)/2.

1.27 .
:
. .
. .
. .
. .

3
1.28 . t0=0 =0 F=+F0. H
:
. x = t, . x = (t+/2), . x =(t+3/2), . x = (t+)

1.29 LC .
.
L/4, :
. .
. .
. .
.

1.30 :
t
=0 e . t=0 0 0. t=
0/2, t=2 :

. 0/4 . 0/16, . 0/8 , . 0/64

1.31 m k .
f .

, f, , :

. 2f . f/2 . 4f

1.32 m k
. /4:
. . . .
. . . .

1.33 LC .
:
. .
. . .

1.34 :

. . .

1.35 t0=0 .
/2, :

. /4 . /2 . 3 /4 . /3

1.36 .
f1=8Hz f2=15Hz, .
, :

. 2Hz . 8Hz . 18Hz . 12Hz

1.37 100MHz,
96,3MHz.
. .

4
. .
. .
. .

1.38 . f1
f2 (f1 > f2) ,
. f2 f1, ,
t,

. . . . . .

1.39 , ,
:

. =0t . = 0t . =0t

1.40
;
.

1.41
.
.

1.42
.
.

5
1.43 =0(t).
,
. x .

1.44 () () :

1. t0=0
.
2.
.
3. .
4. , .
5. 1min.

1.45 () () :

1.
.
2.
.
3.
, .
4. .
5. LC .

1.46 () () :

1. .
2. ,
.
3. .
4. .
5. .

1.47 () () :

1. ,
.
2. b .
3.
b.
4.
.
5.
.

6
1.48 () () :

1. .
2. LC
.
3. .
4.
.
5. .

1.1 , 1.2 , 1.3 , 1.4 , 1.5 , 1.6 , 1.7 , 1.8 , 1.9 , 1.10 , 1.11 , 1.12 , 1.13 , 1.14 , 1.15 , 1.16 ,
1.17 , 1.18 , 1.19 , 1.20 , 1.21 , 1.22 , 1.23 , 1.24 , 1.25 , 1.26 , 1.27 , 1.28 , 1.29 , 1.30 ,
1.31 , 1.32 , 1.33 , 1.34 , 1.35 , 1.36 , 1.37 , 1.38 , 1.39 , ..
1.44 , 1.45 , 1.46 , 1.47 , 1.48

1.49 1, 2 k1, k2
k2=2k1. x 2x
. :
. . . 1.
. 2.

T1=2 m T =2 m , < .
2 2 1
k1 2k1
/4, , t2<t1. 2. ()

1.50
. ,
: . 2 /g . 2 g/

:
F=0mg=km=
k g
=2 m=2 ()
k g

1.51 m , k
.
. t=0,
F1.
D :
. D=k . D<k . D>k
JG
F
, . m
:

F=0Fk=0F=k (1)

x :
1
F=Fk(+x) F=kkkxF=kx, D=k. ()

7
1.52 m k,
.

x1=2mg/k
t=0 .

:

. t1=5 m/k . t1=2 m/k

6 3

t=0 x=+=+2mg/k

: x=(t+/2) (1)
x=0 :

F=0mgk=0=mg/k. x=0.
t1 , x ,
x==mg/k=/2 (2)

(1)(2) /2 = (t+/2) (t+/2)=1/2 (t+/2)=(/6)

=0
(i) (t+/2)= 2/6 t<0
=0
(ii) (t+/2) = 2++/6 t+/2=+/62t=2t1==2 m/k ()
3 3 3

1.53 k

m1=m, .
d.
, m1 m2=m1
. :

. d . 2d . d/2

m1
x1=d :
F=0mgkd=0d=mg/k (1)
m,
. x2 :
F=02mgkx2=0x2=2mg/k=2d (2)
2m (=0)
, . =x2x1=2dd =d. ().

8
1.54
k,
,
m d/2.
,
d.
i.
,

F 1 F F
. = . =3 . =2
F 3 F F

ii.
:

U 1 U U
. = . =2 . =1
U 3 U U

i. =d+d/2=3d/2 F=k=k3d=3kd.
2 2
x=d/2, : F=kx=kd.
2
:
3kd
F 2 F
= =3 ()
F d F
k
2

ii. =dd/2=d/2
x=d/2.:

U=
k2=kd2 U=
kx2=kd2 :
U
=1 ().
2 8 2 8 U

1.55 k ,
x=(t). x1
(=U) :

k2 k2 k2
. U= . U= . U=+
t 2 t 4 t 4

kA2=2kx2x=A 2.
K=U
=+U E=2U
2 2 2
2
m0 2
=2 m = 0 2.
K=U
=+U E=2K
2 2 2
x>0,
, <0 ( ). :

9
 2
=W=Fx=F=kx=kA 2( 0 2)=k=k
t t t 2 2 2 2

:
2
k
=+U= + U0= + U U= U= ()
t t t t t t t t 2

1.56 x=(t). t1
=0/2 .
x:
. /2 . 3/2 . 3/2
2 2 2 2 2
: =+U k =kx +m x = mA x= 3/2.
2 2
2 2 2 4km
.
,
. x= 3/2. ().

1.57 m k.
. d
.
1. , 2m
d .
2. .

. 2=1 . 2=21 . 2=1/2

2
=k /2, k =d.
. ().

1.58 k
m2=2m. m2
m1=m.
m1 m2.
m1 :

2 2 2
. k /2 . k /3 . k /6

k, ,
. , .

. m1 D1. :

2
: k=(m1+m2) (1)
2
T m1: D1=m1 (2)

(1) (2) :
m1+m2 m1 mk
= D1= 1 D1=
k
k D1 m1+m2 3
2 2 2
D A
m1 : 1= 1 =kA ()
2 6

10
1.59 . x=t
:
. =0t . =0t . =0t

/2 rad. :

x=(t)=(t+/2)
=0(t+/2 +/2)=0 (t+)=0t ()

1.60 . x=t,
:
. =0t . = 0,(t+/2) . =0(t+3/2)

.
x=(t)=(t+/2)
=0(t+/2+)=0(t+3/2) ()
1.61 x=0,1(t/6) (S.I).
x1=0,05m ,
x2=0,05 2m , :
. t=0,5s . t=3,5s . t =1s

x1=0,05m >0 t1.

=0
x=0,1(t/6)0,05=0,1(t1/6)(t1/6)=(/6)t1/6=2+/6 t1=1s

x2=0,05 2m t2 <0.
=0
x=0,1(t/6)0,05 2=0,1(t2/6)(t2/6)=(/4) t2/6=2+/4 t2=1,5s
=0
t2/6=2+/4 t2=4,5s
t2=1,5s =0(t2/6)=0(/4)>0.
t2=4,5s =0(t2/6)=0(3/4)<0. t2=4,5s

t=t2t1=4,5s1s=3,5s. ().

1.62 1 2 =2s =2cm.

t=0 1 x=1cm >0, 2 x=1cm <0.

, :
. t=1s . t=1,5s . t=2s
1 2:
x=1cm, t=0, >0
x1=2(t+0) 1=200=/6rad x1=1(t+/6) x cm, t s
x=1cm, t=0, <0
x2=2(t+0) 1=200=5/6rad x1=1(t+5/6) x cm, t s
x1=x2.
x1=x2(t+/6)=(t+5/6) (t+/6)=(t+/6) (t+/6)=(t/6)
(t+/6)+(t/6)=02t+/6-t+/6t+/6+t-/6=02(/6)t=0(t)=0
2 2
t=2 (1) t=2+ (2)
(2) =0 2t= t= =1s . ()
2

11
1.63
d=10 3cm t1=4s.
, ,
t2=2s. .
|1|=|2| (x=0) |x|= d=5 3cm
2
t1=4s d x t=t1/2=2s.
x=t x=5 3cm t1=2s t2=t1+t2=4s. :

5 3=t1=(4/) (1) 5 3=t2=(8/) (2). (1) (2) :

(8/)= (4/) (8/)= (4/) 8=2+4 =0
8=4

8=2+4 =0
12==12s

x=(2t1/)5 3=(22/12)5 3=(/3)=10cm

1.64 .
2
=10. .

:
/2=1s=2s.
2 2
0=4m/s t=0, =2m/s .
=+0 x=
<0.
=0
: =0(t+0)0=0,50=2/6 0=/6 rad
=0
0=2++/6 0=7/6 rad
=00=0(7/6)<0. 0=7/6 rad

2
=2/= rad 0= =0,4m, 0==0,4 m/s

:
x=0,4(t+7/6), =0,4(t+7/6) =4(t+7/6) SI.
t=0 x1=0,2m 1=0,2 3m/s

1.65 LC,

.
. N
:
. ,
.
. .

. Q=Q=Q =2

: =2 2 LAC=22 LBC LA=4LB

12
 Q2
. UA=UB=
2C
L I 2 L I 2 2 2
. UA=UB A A = B B 4IA =IB IB=2IA
2 2

1.66 LC
.
;
. .
. O
.
. To
.
. () .
2
. , U=Q /2C UE +UB=E=,
.
dUB/dt<0. () .

1.67 , . t1
.
; .
. t1 .
. t1 (+).
. t1+/4 .

. ,
2
, U=Li /2 i . ()
.
. ,
.
. () .
*
. (+)
.

. |i| , t1
[0/4], . t1+/4

.
() .

1.68 LC, L1C1 L2C2, .

V1=2V V2=V
T1, T2 2=31. Q , ,
:
Q Q
. 1 = 2 1=4 . 1=1 1=9
Q2 9 2 9 Q2 2

L1=L2 2=31 :
2=312 L2C2=3,2 L1C1L2C2=9L1C1C2=9C1

13
 Q1 2
Q1=C12V=2C1V Q2=C2V=9C1V, =
Q2 9
2 2 2 2 2
C V C 4V 2 C V 9C V 1 4
1= 1 1 = 1 =2C1V 2= 2 2 = 1 = ()
2 2 2 2 2 9

1.69 LC q=Qt.
(0/2),
3
t=5,10 s.
: . 100z . 50z . 200z

2 2
UE=UB
=UE+UB E=2UE Q =2 q q= Q
2C 2C 2
q=Q(t)
Q =Q(t)(t)= 22t=t =
2 2 4 1 8
q=Q(t)
Q =Q(t)(t)= 22t=3t =3
2
2 2 4 8
t=t2t1=2=4t=2102s f=50z. ()
8
1.70 LC
q=Qt.
Q/2 :

. /2 . / 2 . /3
q=Q/2
q=Q(t) (t)=1/2(t)=(/3)
(1) 2 t=2/3 t2=5/6
=1

(2) 2 t=2+/3 t1=/6
=0

A q Q/2 :
t1=t10=/6
t2=t2=5/6=/6 t=t1+t2=/3 ()

1.71 LC . t=0
i=+, .
:

. q=Q(t) i=(t) . q=Q(t) i=(t) . q=Q(t) i=(t)

LC

q=0. i q 0 :

i=(t+0) t=0, q=0 i=+. :

=0
=00=10=(3/2) 0=3/2rad. :

q=Q(t+0)=Q(t+3/2)q=Q(t)

i=(t+0)=(t+3/2) i=(t) ()

14
1.72 1 L1C
q=Q(2t/).
L2=4L1. t1=/2
(1) (2) . 1
2
:

. 1=2 . 1=22 . 2=21

L1C t0=0
(1).
t1=/2 q=Q2q=Q, o UE=
Q2
2 2C
2 2
LI
L1C UE, max=UB, max Q = 1 1 Q = L1CI1 (1)
2 2
2C 2

(2) L2C,
Q.
:
Q2 L I
2
UE max=UB,max = 2 2 Q =L2CI2 (2)
2 2
2C 2
(1) (2) L1CI12= L2CI22 L1CI12=4L1CI22I1=2I2, ()

1.73 1, 2 .
C1
Q1. t=0
1 , LC1
. t1

L, 1
2. Q2
C2, C2=4C1,
LC2 :
. Q1, . Q1/2 . 2Q1

t1 LC1 , UE=3UB, :
2 2
LI 4Li1
=UE+UBE=4UB 1 = i1= 1
2 2 2
M i1 , 2, LC2.

1
1 LC1
: = =2
2 1
L14C1

15
 Q Q 2Q
2=i1= 12Q2= 1 1Q2= 1 1= 1=Q2=Q1 ()
2 2 22 2

1.74 LC q=Q(2t/).
t=3/8,
.
. .
. i= 2/2 q=Q 2/2
. O : |di/dt|=Q 2/2LC.
. : dv/dt= 2/2C.
dUE
. : = Q/2C.
dt
. .

. t=3/8 [/4/2].
. () .
. i=2t=(23)= 2 q=Q(t)=Q(23)=Q 2 () .
8 2 8 2
V
. Vc=VLVc= Ldi ,di= c= q di= Q 2 To () .
dt dt L LC dt 2LC
. q=Cvdq=Cdvdv= i dv= I 2 To () .
dt dt dt C dt 2C

dUe dUe IQ
. =Pc=vi=qi = To () .
dt C dt 2C

. ,
. :

dUE dUB dU dU dU
UE +UB=0 + =0 E= B E= IQ () .
dt dt dt dt dt 2C

1.75 , ,
F=b, b .
. (k/k+1)
:
2
. e . e . e
k
k , : k =0e
(k+1)
k+1 , : k+1= 0e

k k
e
= 0(k+1)=e>1. ()
k+1 0e

t
1.76 =0e ,
0 t=0.
0/2. :
i. : . 0/4 . 0/8 . 0/16

16
ii. 0 :

. 1/64 . 63/64 . 63/64

0
i. =0e
t
= etet=1=ln2
2 0 2
t 0
= 0e =0e3= 0e3ln2= 0eln8= ()
8

DA 2 2
D'2 DA0 E0
ii. 0= 0 = = =
2 2 264 64
-0 63
: = = ()
0 0 64

1.77 L=1mH
5
C=4,10 F R. To
. 7000rad/s
4000rad/s, :

. . . .

-3 -5
H 0=1/ LC=1/ 10 410 =5000rad/s. H
0 1=4000rad/s 2= 7000rad/s.
7000rad/s
0=5000rad/s
. =0 . ,
4000rad/s
.
().

1.78 m k .
f=f0, f0 .
, f0, :
:

. . . .

m f0= 1 k/m. f
2
f0, (f=f0) .
f
4m f0= 1 k/4m f0= 0 ,
2 2
f=f0.
. ().

17
1.79 k m
.
f1 f2.

f1 f2
.
, :
. .
. .

f1 f2 ,
f0 f1 .
f , f0 .
f1 f2 ,

, f0=
1 k
2 m
f1 f2. f0 m .
().

1.80 L=1mH
5
C=10 F R. To
f=5000/ z .
:
. .
. .
. R.

f0 = 1 = 1 = 5000 z
2 LC 2 10-310-5
, f=f0
R. L C
.

, .

1.81 1= 3cm 2=3cm

.
=2 3cm
1 :

. /6rad . /2rad . /3rad

:
2 2 2
=1 +2 +21212=3+9+6 3=0=/2 rad,

.
1 :

0
=
2 3
= 390 0 = = 3=/3 rad ()
1+2 3+390 3

18
1.82 x1=1t x2=2(t+)
.

1 2. =1+2,
, , :
0 0 0
. =0 . =90 . =60

2 2 2
DA DA1 DA2
=1+2 = + 2 2 2
A =A1 +A2 (1)
2 2 2
:

2 2 2 (1)
=1 +2 +212212=0=0=/2 . ()

1.83 f1=398z f2=402z

, .
i. 1s :
. 800 . 400 . 8
ii. 1s:
. 8 . 4 . 16
.
f +f
i. f = 1 2=398+402=400Hz.
2 2
: f = =f t=400,1=400 . 2400=800 .
t
()

ii. H : f=|f1f2|=4z.
min
f= min=ft=41=4 . ().
t

1.84 f1, f2 f2<f1.

300z .

10z.
. 295z 305z.
. f1, f2
0,5s.

. f1 f2,
f1f2 10z
f =f1+f2=300zf1+f2=600z (1) f1f2=10z (2)
2
(1) (2) (1) +(2) 2f1=610zf1=305z (3)
(2) (3)f2=295Hz

.
:

19

t= =0,5s=1s 1 =1sf=1zf1f2=1Hz (4)
2 f
(1)+(4)2f1=601zf1=300,5z f1=299,5z

1.85
x1=2f1t x2=2f2t f1=302z f2
.
t1 =1,25s 3 . f2
0,8z f1 0,8z,
t1=1,25s . f2 :
. 300z . 304 . 306

.
x ,
2,5 , ,
t1=2,5 =1,25s=0,5s. = 1
2,5 |f1-f2|
t1, ,
f1f2. f1 f2
f1f2 , , f1>f2. :
1 =0,5f f =2f =f 2f =300z
1 2 2 1 2
f1-f2

20