Present simple: formation rules Meaning Unit 2 Present time 1 Explanations «Present simpleisformed with the bareiafintive form ofthe ver. Mike Youlike — Welike They like ‘Weadd sin the third person singular he/sheit. Verbs ending in 0,5, ch, sh, x add-es, Some verbs are irregular: bave, be She likes Hegoes She watches Shemisses Hewishes — Herrelaxes © Doand does questions Present simple questions are formed with do and the bare infinitive formol the verb, We form tid person singular forms with does and the bare infinitive form of the verb. Doyoulike? Does shelite? © Donotand doesnot negatives Present simple negatives are formed with do not and the bare infinitive form ‘of the verb, Thire person singularis formed with does not and the bare infinitive form ofthe verb, Idonotlike. She doesnot like. © Doand does contractions In speech and informal writing, do not becomes dont, and does not hecames doesn't Idon't like. She doesn't ike, # Doand does Wh-questions ‘Wealso use do/does when we form ques how.cte. What do you want? Wheredoesshe live? swith when, what, why, where, 4 Weuse present simple to describe: Habitual actions usually get up at 7.30. Personal fats Liz playsin the school basketball tans Welike ice-cream. Facts which ate always true The sun ries the eas. 1© Sco Unit 3 for futsre meanings.Present fo Meaning Intermediate Language Practice Pronunciation ‘Verbs which end in /a, det 5 shi, Ash and ks! make an extra syllable in the third person, pronounced fz. watches misses relaxes ‘After /.iN/ Jol, Aly thied person sound isis. bits ts) Other ied person/5/are pronounced as/2l. sees fied Doesisvormally pronounced (dail and says ise. # Present continuousis formal from the verb be and the bare infinitive with sing. Tam relaxing, Heisrelaxing. She isvelaxing. Yowarerelaxing, — Wearerelaxing. They arerelaxing. Present continuous i also called present progressive, © Spelling : Verbs ending -e drop the -e when they add-ing. like liking decide deciding write writing ‘Verbs with one syllable endingin one vowel and one consonant, double the conscnant when they adding si sitting swim swsimming dig digging ‘Verbs ending “i change -ie to. fie Iying tie tying” — die dying © Contraetions Inispecch and informal writing, the verb bes contracted: Tin coriting He'sioriting She's writing You'vewviting — We'rewriting They're writing © Questions We form present continuous questions by inverting the verb be Aan Feeriting? Isherwriting? Isshe oriting? Aveyousoriting? —Arewesoviting? ——_Arethey writing? © Wh-questions What are you oriting? Why are we writing? © Negatives ‘Wefwm present continuous negatives with the verb be- not Unnotccviting — Hesnotwriting —They'renot writing © Weuss present continuous to deseribe: Actions happening at the present moment. Sorry, can't speak (0 you, I'm washing my hair © See Unit for future meaningsPresent simple: frequency adverbs Stateand event verbs Unit 3 Present time 2 Explanations Frequency adverbs are often used with present simple. They explain how often someone does an action, or something happens. aheays — SAA ‘Taltvays get np at 7.0. often’ SSS Pat often goesto football matches naually — ¢0¢ Ie usually rains oben I goon holiday! sometimes Jv Wesometimeseat pizza for lnc rarcly Jane rarely listens to jazz. never ~ ‘My bus neverarvives on time. 4 Note that the frequency adverb goes between the pronouin (J, she, ete.) or person and the verb. Other frequency adverbs ate: seldom (), hardly ever Whoccasionally (/0),normally (//0),frequently/ S10), # Frequency adverbs used with the verb he come aftr the verb, Jim is usnally late © Some verbs are usually used in present simple and not in present continous ‘These are sometimes called state verbs, because they describ continuing states, not sudden actions. © having and being belong to, contain, cost depend on, have, ot © thinking and feeling believe, forget, like, hate, know, prefer, understand '# Some verbs are more commonas state verbs in present simple their meaning when they are used as event verbs in present continuous. Event verbs describe actions, Thave two sisters. (permanent) I'm baving problemswith thiscomputer, (a temporary action) Examples include be, have, taste, think me state verbs can be used to deseribe temporary fee! How are you getting on at your new school? Pm ating itt