Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr.

1/2013

ANALIZ ASUPRA CONCEPTULUI DE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF

SECURITATE N CONTEXTUL SECURITY IN INTERNATIONAL
RELAIILOR INTERNAIONALE RELATIONS

MRCU FLAVIUS-CRISTIAN1
MRCU FLAVIUS-CRISTIAN
CIOREI MIHAELA ANDREEA2
CIOREI MIHAELA ANDREEA

Abstract
Abstract
In the interaction of people, politics appears each
In the interaction of people, politics appears each
time when there is a dispute over the expected results
time when there is a dispute over the expected results
of two or more actors inter- addicted -they or their
of two or more actors inter- addicted -they or their
agents- by different angle their interests, goals and
agents- by different angle their interests, goals and
values. But there are no differences or conflicts, then
values. But there are no differences or conflicts, then
there is no policy, as long as people preferences and
there is no policy, as long as people preferences and
the affirmations of the will to meet them in conflict,
the affirmations of the will to meet them in conflict,
there doesnt exist politics.
there doesnt exist politics.
Security is a special policy form - a species of the
Security is a special policy form - a species of the
genus more general of policy, all aspects of security
genus more general of policy, all aspects of security
are political problems. Not all political conflicts are
are political problems. Not all political conflicts are
security issues. In other words, policy acquires a dual
security issues. In other words, policy acquires a dual
aspect - of dispute and security issues- when you lost
aspect - of dispute and security issues- when you lost
lives or materials damages or have become a
lives or materials damages or have become a
possibility, in the point of view of one or more involved
possibility, in the point of view of one or more involved
actors. actors.

Keywords: Security, social security, economic Keywords: Security, social security, economic
security, military security, political security security, military security, political security

INTRODUCERE INTRODUCTION

Omul a dovedit de-a lungul istoriei c are Man has proven throughout history that he

nevoie permanent pentru needs permanent safety to ensure the stability,

de siguran
asigurarea stabilitii, iar ca rspuns pentru and like response to the fact arose the concept
aceast realitate a luat natere conceptul de of security.
securitate. Dar ce reprezint securitate? A But what is security? To define is to

defini nseamn a delimita, nainte de orice. delineate, first of all. Usual method of
Metoda obinuit de a delimita un concept, defining a concept, consider Giovanni Sartori,
consider Giovanni Sartori, este definirea a is to define a contrario, by contrast. To
contrario3, prin contrast. Ca s nelegem mai understand better the a contrario theory, I will

1
Doctorand, Universitatea Babes-Bolyai din Cluj-Napoca, domeniul Relatii Internationale si Studii Europene,
flaviusmarcau@yahoo.com
2
Masteranda, Universitatea Constantin Brancusi din Targu-Jiu, Administratie Publica Europeana,
mihaela_ciorei@yahoo.com
3
Giovanni Sartori, Teoria democratiei reinterpretata, Iasi: Polirom, 1999, p. 177;

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

bine ce nseam teoria a contrario, voi lua take a few examples: what is the opposite of
cteva exemple: care este contrariul albului? white? Black! What is the opposite of winter?
Negrul! Care este contrariul iernii? Vara. Summer.
Pentru a stabili ce este securitatea4 trebuie To determine which security is, it must to
stabilit ce nu este, adic opusul securitii: be determined what is not, that is the opposite
securitatea nu nseamn rzboi, nu nseamn of security: security is not war, doesnt mean
anarhie, nu nseamn lipsa siguranei anarchy, doesnt mean lack of personal safety
personale sau incapacitatea unei naiuni de a or inability of a nation to successfully promote
promova cu succes interesele sale naionale, its national interests, etc.
etc. Through the contrasts used above I
Prin contrastele folosite mai sus am neles understood that is not security, but what is it
ce nu este securitate, dar ce este ea pn la anyway? What is its exact definition? No one
urm? Care este definiia ei exact? Nu poate can give a definition of security that remain
nimeni da o definiie a securitii care s nailed, which we have as a reference in our
rmn btut n cuie, pe care s o avem ca future research. According to the Explanatory
reper cu toii n viitoarele noastre cercetri. Dictionary of Romanian language, security
Conform dicionarului explicativ al limbii means "how to be safe from any danger; it
romne, securitate reprezint modul de a fi la represents the feeling of confidence and
adpost de orice pericol; reprezint peace, which is given to someone the absence
sentimentul de ncredere i de linite pe care of any danger." Besides the definition found
l d cuiva absena oricrui pericol. Pe lng in the dictionary, there are different
aceast definiie regsit n dicionar, avem definitions over time: Ian Bellany considered
diferite definiii date de-a lungul timpului: Ian that "security is the relative absence of war";
Bellany consider c securitatea este absena Penelope Harland- Thunberg said in 1982 that
relativ a rzboiului5; Penelope Harland- "security is the ability of a nation to
Thunberg spunea n 1982 c securitatea successfully promote national interests ";
reprezint capacitatea unei naiuni de a Martin Lawrence believes that "security
promova cu succes interesele sale naionale; assure the future welfare" (1983), and the last
Martin Laurence consider c securitatea definition I will use the description given in
asigur bunstarea viitoare (1983), iar ca 1989 by the National Defence College of

4
Ce-I confera unei problem din relatiile international calitatea de problema de securitate? Este important sa mentionam
calificarea in interiorul relatiilor international, deoarece caracterul de securitate din acest context nu este identic cu utilizarea
termenului in limajul de zi cu zi. Cu toate ca are cateva calitati commune cu securitatea sociala sau cu securitatea aplicata
diferitelor functiuni ale garzii civile sau ale politiei, securitatea internationala este inradacinata mai adanc in traditiile politicii
puterii (Barry Byzan, Ole Waever, Jaap de Wilde, Securitatea, 2011, p. 41)
5
Buzan Barry, People, State and Fear, Londra: Harvester WheatSheaf, 1991

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

ultim definiie voi folosi descrierea dat n Canada, "preserving an acceptable lifestyle to
1989 de ctre Colegiul Naional de Aprare al citizens, but which is compatible with the
Canadei: prezervarea unui stil de via needs and legitimate aspirations of others".
acceptabil de ctre ceteni, dar care este Each of the above definitions - this is only
compatibil cu necesitile i aspiraiile a beginning in understanding the concept of
6
legitime ale altora . security it may have originated in different
Fiecare din definiiile de mai sus acestea historical contexts - security issues are not
reprezint doar un nceput n nelegerea fixed, even suffered various changes over the
conceptului de Securitate - i poate avea time: for example, early twentieth century the
originea n contexte istorice diferite best way of enhancing security was
problemele de securitate nu sunt fixe, ba chiar considered pro-natalist policy; after the end of
au suferit diferite schimbri de-a lungul The Second World War, the population
timpului: ca exemplu, la nceputul secolului control policies have acquired a new
XX cea mai bun modalitate de ntrire a connotation, so were not power, but the
securitii a fost considerat politica welfare security; during the Cold War,
pronatalista; dup terminarea celui de-al security was limited strictly to military terms
Doilea Rzboi Mondial, politicile de control and it was seen from the perspective of the
asupra populaiei au cptat o nou conotaie, two poles of power: U.S. and USSR, after the
astfel c nu mai reprezentau sursa securitii ci Cold War, the concept assimilated new
a bunstrii sociale; n timpul Rzboiului coverage areas: social, political, economic,
Rece, securitatea s-a limitat strict la termenii etc.
militar i a fost vzut din prisma celor doi Conventional notion of security, which is
poli de putere: SUA i URSS; dup ncheierea generally accepted, is that given by the
Rzboiului Rece conceptul a asimilat noi Westphalian system of international relations,
domenii n sfera de cuprindere: social, politic, where a sovereign state is obliged to protect
economic, etc7. its political independence, territorial integrity
Noiunea convenional de securitate care and its own citizens.
este acceptat n general este cea oferit de Therefore, the conventional notion of
ctre sistemul Westphalian al relaiilor security in international relations theory can
internaionale, n care un stat suveran este be seen as a concept that focuses on both the
obligat s-i apere independena politic, state and the government dealing with the

6
A se vedea M. Griffits, Relatii Internationale. Scoli, curente, ganditori, Editura Ziua, 2003
7
A se vedea Alexandra Sarcinschi, Elemente noi in studiul securitatii nationale si internationale, (Bucuresti: ed. Universitatii
Nationale de Aparare, 2005)

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

integritatea teritorial i proprii ceteni. protection, the maintenance of political

Astfel, noiunea convenional de securitate n independence and protection by military
teoria relaiilor internaional poate fi vzut ca means and other necessary, people and assets
un concept care se concentraza att pe stat ct on their territory for an invasion. Barry Buzan,
i pe guvernul care se ocup cu protejarea representative researcher of international
teritoriului, meninerea independenei politice relations, extended the concept of security
i protejarea, prin mijloace militare i de alt beyond the concerns in military domain,
natur, necesare, oamenii i activele de pe namely: the environment, economy, society
propriul teritoriu n cazul unei invazii8. Barry and politics.
Buzan, cercettor reprezentativ al relaiilor
internaionale, a extins conceptul de securitate SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
dincolo de preocuprile domeniului militar i It represents an increasing importance
anume: sectorul mediului, economic, societal because it is intended to protect the
i politic. environment locally, regionally and globally,
and "the system seems to be dominant in this
SECURITATEA MEDIULUI sector, because most security movements
Acesta prezint o importan crescnd occur at this level, due to the existence of a
datorit faptului c are ca obiectiv protejarea international environmental epistemic
mediului nconjurtor local, regional i community that develops and secures
global, iar nivelul sistemic pare a fi environmental agenda."
dominant n acest sector, deoarece cele mai An alternative vision, of ecologically,
multe micri de securizare au loc la acest environmental security is found in the work
nivel, ca urmare a existenei unei comuniti of international relations of Harold and
internaionale de mediu epistemice care Margaret Rasada The Ecological
elaboreaz i securizeaz agenda de mediu9. Perspective on Human Affairs and Toward a
O viziune alternativ, din punct de vedere Politics of the Planet Earth (1965). "The
ecologic, a securitii mediului o regsim n ecological perspectives provide international
lucrrile din domeniul relaiilor internaionale politics as a system of interdependent
ale lui Harold i Margaret Rasada The relationships related to all communities who
Ecological Perspective on Human Affairs and share a planet increasingly crowded and

8
AsevedeaHiroshiOhta,TheInterlinkageofClimateSecurityandHumanSecurity:TheConvergence
onPolicyRequirements,p.4,http://www.fasid.or.jp/daigakuin/sien/kaisetsu/gaiyo21/pdf/022.pdf,
accesatla26.03.2011
9
BarryByzan,OleWaever,JaapdeWilde,Securitatea,ClujNapoca:CAPublishing,2011,p.135

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

Toward a Politics of the Planet Earth (1965). provides finite and exhaustible quantities of
Cele mai ecologice perspective prevd raw materials"
politica internaional ca un sistem de relaii In a more airy explanation, environmental
interdependente, legate de toate comunitile security envisages not only grant of
care mprtesc o planet din ce n ce mai protection population for natural disasters but
aglomerat i care ofer cantiti finite i also further damage the environment.
epuizabile de materie prim10 Necessity for environmental security is
ntr-un context mai aerisit al explicaiei, observable and divided when we talk about
securitatea mediului are n vedere nu numai developed countries and developing
acordarea proteciei populaiei n faa countries. For ultimately the main problem
dezastrelor naturale ci i continua may be lack of access to drinking water,
deteriorarea a mediului nconjurtor. while the developed countries one of the
Necesitatea securitii mediului este major threats to the environment is the air
observabil i divizat atunci cnd vorbim pollution. Environmental security is an
despre rile dezvoltate i rile n curs de important issue of social and political
dezvoltate. Pentru cele din urm o problem stability in the sense of distribution of natural
principal o poate reprezenta lipsa accesului resources. Although the relationship between
la surse de ap potabil, n timp cel n rile humanity and the environment is a wide
dezvoltate una dintre marile ameninri la range of factors is important to clarify that
adresa mediului o reprezint poluarea social stability, economic-financial and
atmosferei. political are directly influenced by the
Securitatea mediului reprezint un factor environment. Natural disasters, technical
important al problemei stabilitii sociale i accidents and human error can bring
politice, n sensul distribuiii resurselor enormous damage to the national and
naturale. Dei n relaia dintre umanitate i international economy (eg.: can stop power
mediu exist o gam larg de factori, este generation capacity).
important de precizat c stabilitatea social, Naumescu says that since "the late '60s,
economico-financiar i politic sunt environmental issues gradually became part
influenate n mod direct de stare mediului. of public discourse western, it increasingly
Dezastrele naturale, accidentele tehnice i gaining more supporters and sometimes
erorile umane pot aduce daune imense playing the role of a third political option".
economiei la nivel naional i internaionale On the future, the environmental problem

10
HiroshiOhta,Op.Cit,p.12

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

(exemplu: se pot opri capacitile de will become certainly one of the most
producie a energiei electrice)11 important areas of concern, both nationally
Naumescu ne spune c odat cu sfritul and internationally. "The central part of
anilor `60, problematica mediului a devenit argument in favor of conceptual innovation in
treptat parte a discursului public occidental, environmental safety or the environment is
ctignd din ce n ce mai muli susintori i even mobilizing its potential", so that "it is
jucnd uneori rolul unei a treia opiune attempted security moves at almost all levels,
politic12. Pe viitor, problematica mediului but especially at the global level. The most
nconjurtor va deveni, cu siguran, unul successful, is however the local security.
dintre cele mai importante domenii de interes, Some formations in systemic occur both a
att naional ct i internaional. Partea regional and non-territorial one."
central a argumentrii n favoarea inovrii
ECONOMIC SECURITY
conceptuale n domeniul securitii ecologice
sau a mediului este chiar potenialul ei It focuses on two considerations: 1) free
mobilizator13, astfel c se ncearc micri market economic space and 2) the economic
de securizare la aproape toate nivelele, dar space of high levels of competitiveness.
mai ales la nivel global. Cea mai de succes According to Buzan, security in accordance
securizare este totui cea local. Unele with this dimention, means "access to
formaiuni sub sistemice apar i au att un resources, finances and markets necessary to
caracter regional, ct i unul neteritorial14. sustain the acceptable levels of welfare of
citizens and the power of the state".
SECURITATEA ECONOMIC Talking about the global state, we must
Aceasta are n vedere dou considerente: understand that the economy cant be
1) spaiul economic de pia liber i 2) uniformly distributed at the national state
spaiul economic al nivelelor nalte de level, and economic security includes only
competitivitate. Conform lui Buzan, countries where democracy is highly
securitatea n conformitate cu aceast developed - this social welfare and the
dimensiune, nseamn: acces la resurse, competitiveness are high. For example,
finane i piee necesare pentru a susine Valentine Naumescu took Norway, that is

11
NicusorMoldovan,Consideratiiprivindinfluentacrizeifinanciareasupradezvoltariieconomicesisecuritatii
mondiale,inStabilitatesiSecuritateRegionala,Bucuresti:Ed.UniversitatiiNationaledeAparareCarolI,2009,
p.803
12
Valentin Naumescu, Spaiul Securitii Europene, n Studii de Securitate, British Council, Bucuresti: Ed.
Cavallioti,2005,p.33
13
RonnieLipschutz,OnSecurity,NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress,1995,p.63
14
BarryByzan,OleWaever,JaapdeWilde,Op.Cit,p.137

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

nivele acceptabile de bunstare a cetenilor certainly part of the economic area, although
i putere a statului15. its citizens are denied their country to become
Vorbind despre statul global trebuie s a member of the European Union.
nelegem c economia nu poate fi uniform Buzan and Weaver believes that "the
distribuit la nivel de stat naional, iar nature of economic relations in liberalism,
securitatea economic include doar state n economic security is an unusual topic. This
care democraia este puternic dezvoltat difficulty is due in part to instrumental
aici bunstarea social i nivelul de quality of economic units and inherent
competitivitate sunt ridicate. Ca exemplu, insecurity of market relations and, on the
Valentin Naumescu, a luat Norvegia care este other hand, the prevalence of consequences
cu siguran parte a acestui spaiu economic, and substantial economic activity in other
cu toate c cetenii si au refuzat ca ara lor sectors ". In essence, economic security,
s devin membr a Uniunii Europene16. which is a national and international security
Buzan i Waever consider c datorit component, the aim is to maintain economic
naturii relaiilor economice n liberalism, activities in normal parameters and
securitatea economic este un subiect combating financial fraud, cyber terrorism,
neobinuit. Aceast dificultate se datoreaz n the industrial spy, economy, corruption, etc. -
parte calitii instrumentale a unitilor factors harmful to the economy.
economice i insecuritii inerente a relaiilor It is considered that the wider economic
de pia i, pe de alt parte, consecinelor security of a country is determined by the
prevalente i substaniale ale activitii degree of insurance resources and level of
economice n alte sectoare17 development. It is a wrong perception
n esen sa, securitatea economic, care because economic security cant be analyzed
este o component a securitii naionale i only in close connection with national
internaionale, vizeaz meninerea security. Economic interdependence of states
activitilor economice n parametrii normali allows them to use economic development as
ct i contracararea fraudelor financiare, a a means to influence or constraining in the
terorismului cibernetic, a spionilor industriali, relations between them.
economiei subterane, corupiei, etc factori In other words, the idea of economic
duntori pentru economie. security are at the heart of unresolved and
Se consider c, n sens larg, securitatea highly politicized debates on international

15
BarryBuzan,People,StateandFear,p.20
16
AsevedeaValentinNaumescu,Op.cit.,p.32
17
BarryByzan,OleWaever,JaapdeWilde,Securitatea,p.168

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

economic a unei ri este dat de gradul de political economy, debates that focus on the
asigurare a resurselor i de nivelul de nature of the relationship between political
dezvoltare. Este o percepie greit deoarece structure of anarchy and economic structure
securitatea economic nu poate fi analizat of the market. Main items of debate reflects
dect n strns corelaie cu securitatea different views on the question: whether
naional. Interdependena economic dintre states, corporations or markets should prevail,
state le permite acestora s foloseasc if private economic actors have their own
dezvoltarea economic drept mijloc de security concerns or whether they should be
influenare sau chiar de constrngere n judged according to what is happening in the
relaiile dintre ele18. market.
Astfel spus, ideea securitii economice se
situeaz n centrul dezbaterilor nerezolvate i SOCIETAL SECURITY
foarte politizate asupra economiei politice "Societal security refers to the ability of a
internaional, dezbateri care se focalizeaz pe company to subsist in its essential character
natura relaiei dintre structura politic a under conditions that are changing in the face
anarhiei i structura economic a pieei. of potential or existing threats." Ole Waever
Principalele poziii din dezbatere reflect describes human society as an entity resulting
diferite viziuni asupra ntrebrii dac statele, from a process of coexistence between people
societile sau pieele ar trebui s aib and groups bearing a common set of
prioritate, dac actorii economici privai au attributes (race, ethnicity, language, etc..) and
propriile preocupri de securitate sau dac which give expression to the common
acestea trebuie judecate n funcie de ceea ce feelings, such as: identity, values and
se ntmpl pe pia19. symbols. Max Weber believes that society is
SECURITATEA SOCIETAL a community of feelings manifested properly
Securitatea societal se refer la abilitatea in the form of own state, could be seen as a
unei societi de a subzista n caracterul su community that tends to create their own
esenial n condiii care se afl n continu state.
schimbare i n faa unor posibile sau Apart from the meaning of national

18
AsevedeaNicusorMoldovan,Consideratiiprivindinfluentacrizeifinanciareasupradezvoltariieconomicesi
securitatii mondiale, in Stabilitate si Securitate Regionala, Bucuresti: Ed. Universitatii Nationale de Aparare
CarolI,2009,p.799800
19
BarryBuzan,People,StatesandFear:AnAgendaforInternationalSecurityStudiesinthePostColdWarEra,
2nd,p.230

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

prezente ameninri20. security and individual, societal security

Ole Waever descrie societatea c fiind o refers to the uncovered by the two types of
entitate uman rezultat n urma unui proces security. Such an approach is extremely
de convieuire dintre oameni i grupuri care generous emphasizing multicultural models
poart o serie de atribute comune (ras, etnie, in many regions, promoting consociational
limb, etc.) i care dau expresia unor organization within society and requiring an
sentimente comune, cum ar fi: identitatea, integrating vision in decision-making.
valorile i simbolurile. Max Weber consider Societal security includes the right to
c societatea este o comunitate de sentimente preservation and development of cultural
care se manifest n mod adecvat sub forma identities for different groups and
unui stat propriu, putnd fi privit ca o communities who live in plural societies.
comunitate care tinde s genereze propriul "In many cases, the regions generating
stat. societal dynamics are essentially the same
Fcnd abstracie de sensul securitii and closely linked to the political and military
naionale i cea individual, securitatea sectors (Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia,
societal se refer la partea rmas former USSR, the Middle East and its general
neacoperit de cele dou tipuri de securitate. confusion, Africa) .
O astfel de abordare este extrem de generoas In at least two cases (Latin America and
reliefnd modele multiculturale n multe East Asia) security dynamics and in one case
regiuni, promovnd o organizare (North America), the dynamics of societal
consociationala n interiorul societii i security apperars when the two traditional
solicitnd o viziune integratoare n procesul security sectors have little to gain at regional
decizional. Securitatea societal presupune level and acting global priority.
dreptul de prezervare i dezvoltare a
identitilor culturale, pentru diferitele
grupuri i comuniti care convieuiesc n
SECURITY POLICY
21
cadrul societilor plurale .
Having regard to the threats can be
n mai multe cazuri, regiunile generatoare
eliminated by military means, the political
de dinamicile societale sunt esenial aceleai
will analyze non-military threats to the
i strns legate de cele din sectoarele politic i
sovereignty. From this core, political security
militar (Europa, Asia de Sud, Asia de Sud-
problems start in two directions. First they

20
Weaver, O., Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M. and Lemaitre, PIdentity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in
Europe,London:Pinter,1993,p.23
21
ValentinNaumescu,Op.Cit.,p.33

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

Est, fost URSS, Orientul Mijlociu i n include non-military threats equivalents at

confuzia sa general, Africa). n cel puin political units other than states. Second,
dou cazuri (America Latin i Asia de Est), beyond the unit itself, we can think of policy
dinamicile de securitate i ntr-un singur caz security defense benchmarks systemically,
(America de Nord), dinamica securitii like international society at international legal
societale apare cnd cele dou sectoare de framework.
securitate clasice au puin de ctigat la nivel The principles which could be secured,
regional i acioneaz cu precdere global22 include human rights and other requirements
directly related to the condition of
SECURITATEA POLITIC individuals; so this area is probably the main
Avnd n vedere c ameninrile pot fi place where (from what we can tell) occurs at
nlturate prin mijloace militare, sectorul the individual security on the security agenda.
politic va analiza ameninri non-militare la Security policy can be defined according
adresa suveranitii. to Buzan: "Political threats are directed
De la acest nucleu, problemele de towards organizational stability of the state.
securitate politic pornesc n dou direcii. n Their purpose can range from pressure on the
primul rnd acestea includ echivalentele government on a policy, through the
ameninrilor non-militare la adresa unitilor overthrow of the government, until to
politice altele dect statele. n al doilea rnd, instigate at secessionism, and disruption of
dincolo de uniti n sine, ne putem gndi la political binder of the state to loosen before a
securitatea politic n aprarea obiectivelor de military attack. The concept of the state,
referin de la nivel sistemic, precum particularly its national identity,
societatea internaional sau cadrul legal organizational ideology and institutions that
internaional. Printre principiile care pot fi define it, all this are, normally, targeted
securizate se numr drepturile omului i alte political threats. Considering that the state is
cerine legate direct de condiia indivizilor; an important political entity, political threats
astfel acest sector este probabil principalul may be as feared as military ones. This is
locus n care (din cte ne putem da seama) especially true when the target is a weak state
apare securitatea la nivel de individ pe According to the above quotation we
agenda de securitate23. understand that political security refers to the
Securitatea politic poate fi definit, organizational stability of the state, of
conform lui Buzan: Ameninrile politice government system in that state and of

22
BarryByzan,OleWaever,JaapdeWilde,Securitatea,p.198
23
Ibidem,p.201

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Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

sunt direcionate ctre stabilitatea ideologies that give them legitimacy.

organizaional a statului. Scopul lor poate Consequently it considers human rights but
varia de la presiuni asupra guvernului cu according to a study by Amnesty
privire la o anumit politic, trecnd prin International in 110 countries are practiced
rsturnarea guvernului, pn la instigarea la torture, ill treatment and political repression.
secesionism i perturbarea liantului politic al
CONCLUSIONS
statului pentru a-l slbi naintea unui atac
With the end of the Cold War, expanding
militar. Conceptul statului, n mod particular
market economy in almost all former
identitatea sa naional, ideologia
communist world and the intensification of a
organizaional i instituiile care l definesc
wider security agenda became stronger. Cold
sunt, n mod normal, inta ameninrilor
War substantially reduced, at least for now,
politice. Avnd n vedere c statul este o
military rivalries between the great powers.
entitatea esenial politic, ameninrile
Security concerns related over the
politice pot fi la fel de temute precum cele
consequences of how the international system
militare. Acest lucru este valabil mai ales
operates - a set of issues that affect powerful
cnd inta este un stat slab
actors as much as the weaks. This evolution
Conform citatului de mai sus nelegem c
is most evident in the international economy.
securitatea politic face referire la stabilitatea
Therefore, in the post-Cold War world can
organizaional a statului, a sistemului de
argue that a broader security agenda is a
guvernmnt din acel stat i a ideologiilor
necessary response to the draft of the global.
care-i ofer legitimitate. Drept urmare are n
vedere respectarea drepturilor omului24 dar
potrivit unui studiu efectuat de Amnesty
References
Internaional25, n 110 ri sunt practicate
Books:
tortura, relele tratamente i represiunea
1. Buzan, Barry, People, State and Fear,
politic. Londra: Harvester WheatSheaf, 1991
2. Buzan, Barry, Ole Waever, Jaap de
Wilde, Securitatea,Cluj-Napoca: CA
CONCLUZII Publishing, 2011
Odat cu sfritul Rzboiului Rece, 3. Griffits, M.; Relaii Internaionale.
coli, curente, gnditori, Editura Ziua, 2003.
extinderea economiei de pia n aproape 4. Kolodziej, Edward A.; Securitatea i
Relaiile Internaionale, Iai: Polirom, 2007

24
Incalcariledrepturiloromuluisuntmultmaifrecventeintimpulperioadelordeinstabilitatepolitica
25
AmnestyInternationalesteomicareglobaldemaimultde3milioanedesuporteri,membriiactivitin
maimultde150deriiteritorii,careduceocampaniepentruapunecaptabuzurilorgravealedrepturilor
omului.

11

Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013
ntreaga lume fost comunist i intensificarea
unei agende de securitate mai ample a devenit
mai puternic. Sfritul Rzboiului Rece a
redus substanial, cel puin pentru moment,
rivalitile militare dintre marile puteri.
Preocuprile de securitate in mai mult de
consecinele modului
sistemul internaional un set de probleme
care afecteaz actorii puternici la fel de mult
ca pe cei slabi. Aceast evoluie este cel mai
evident n cazul economiei internaionale.
De aceea, n lumea de dup Rzboiul Rece
se poate argumenta c o agend mai ampl a
securitii este un rspuns necesar la proiectul
statului global26
Bibliografie
Crti:
1. Buzan, Barry, People, State and Fear,
Londra: Harvester WheatSheaf, 1991
2. Buzan, Barry, Ole Waever, Jaap de
Wilde, Securitatea,Cluj-Napoca: CA
Publishing, 2011
3. Griffits, M.; Relaii Internaionale.
coli, curente, gnditori, Editura Ziua, 2003.
4. Kolodziej, Edward A.; Securitatea i
Relaiile Internaionale, Iai: Polirom, 2007
5. Lipschutz, Ronnie, On Security, New
York: Columbia University Press, 1995
6. Palsoiu, Ion; Studii de Securitate,
Craiova: ed. MJM, 2010
7. Sarcinschi, Alexandra; Elemente noi n
studiul securitii naionale i internaionale,
Bucureti: ed. Universitii Naionale de
Aprare, 2005
8. Sartori. Giovanni; Teoria democraiei
26
VezipelargSeanKay.Globalization,PowerandSecurity,http://www.comw.org/pda/fulltext/0403kay.pdfsi
BarryByzan,OleWaever,JaapdeWilde,Securitatea,ClujNapoca:CAPublishing,2011,pp.273296
5. Lipschutz, Ronnie, On Security, New
York: Columbia University Press, 1995
6. Palsoiu, Ion; Studii de Securitate,
Craiova: ed. MJM, 2010
7. Sarcinschi, Alexandra; Elemente noi n
studiul securitii naionale i internaionale,
Bucureti: ed. Universitii Naionale de
Aprare, 2005
8. Sartori. Giovanni; Teoria democraiei
n care opereaz reinterpretat, Iai: Polirom, 1999
9. Sergiu, Celac C.; Mic enciclopedie de
politologie, Bucureti: Ed. tiinific i
Enciclopedic, 1977
10. Weaver, O., Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M.
and Lemaitre, P., Identity, Migration and the
New Security Agenda in Europe, London:
Pinter, 1993
ARTICLE:
1. Lasan, Nicoleta; Seuritatea
concepte in societatea contemporana, in
Revista de Administratie Publica si Politic
Sociale, An II, Nr. 4(5)/Decembrie 2010
2. Ohta, Hiroshi, The Interlinkage of
Climate Security and Human Security: The
Convergence on Policy Requirements,
,http://www.fasid.or.jp/daigakuin/sien/kaisetsu
/gaiyo21/pdf/02-2.pdf
3. Moldovan, Nicusor, Consideratii
privind influenta crizei financiare asupra
dezvoltarii economice si securitatii mondiale,
in Stabilitate si Securitate Regionala,
Bucuresti: Ed. Universitatii Nationale de
Aparare Carol I, 2009
4. Sean Kay, Globalization, Power and
Security,
http://www.comw.org/pda/fulltext/0403kay.pd
f
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 Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr. 1/2013

reinterpretat, Iai: Polirom, 1999
9. Sergiu, Celac C.; Mic enciclopedie de
politologie, Bucureti: Ed. tiinific i
Enciclopedic, 1977
10. Weaver, O., Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M.
and Lemaitre, P., Identity, Migration and the
New Security Agenda in Europe, London:
Pinter, 1993
ATICOLE:
1. Lasan, Nicoleta; Seuritatea
concepte in societatea contemporana, in
Revista de Administratie Publica si Politic
Sociale, An II, Nr. 4(5)/Decembrie 2010
2. Ohta, Hiroshi, The Interlinkage of
Climate Security and Human Security: The
Convergence on Policy Requirements,
,http://www.fasid.or.jp/daigakuin/sien/kaisetsu
/gaiyo21/pdf/02-2.pdf
3. Moldovan, Nicusor, Consideratii
privind influenta crizei financiare asupra
dezvoltarii economice si securitatii mondiale,
in Stabilitate si Securitate Regionala,
Bucuresti: Ed. Universitatii Nationale de
Aparare Carol I, 2009
4. Sean Kay, Globalization, Power and
Security,
http://www.comw.org/pda/fulltext/0403kay.pdf

13