J. Sci. & Devel., Vol. 10, No. 7: 1024-1031 Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2012.

Tp 10, s 7: 1024-1031
www.hua.edu.vn

NGHIN CU C IM S DNG T BAZAN (FERRALSOLS) TNH K LK

Phm Th Trnh
S Khoa hc v Cng ngh k Lk
Email: trinhngoctn@yahoo.com
Ngy gi bi:28.09.2012 Ngy chp nhn: 15.12.2012

TM TT
2
k Lk l tnh nm trung tm cao nguyn Trung b c din tch t nhin l: 13.125 km , dn s gn 1,8 triu
ngi phn b trong 15 n v thnh chnh. Nghin cu c im s dng t bazan gip cho tnh Daklak s
dng hp l ti nguyn t ai. Theo kt qu xc nh cc n v bn t ai bng chng xp cc loi bn n
tnh cho thy ti nguyn t ai ca tnh phong ph a dng, thun li cho pht trin sn xut nng nghip hng ho,
c bit c 298.365,4 ha t bazan, chim 22,73% din tch t nhin ton tnh. t bazan tnh k Lk chia
thnh 4 n v phn loi, c a hnh i thoi, ph cao, y l loi t tt thch hp vi nhiu loi cy cng nghip
0
lu nm c gi tr kinh t cao. t bazan c dc di 15 chim 92,39%, tng dy trn 100 cm chim 84,83%
din tch t bazan. Hin trng khai thc s dng vo sn xut nng nghip 247.190,70 ha chim 82,85% din
tch nhm t bazan, din tch cn li l t phi nng nghip v t cha s dng.
T kha: t bazan, s dng t, tnh k Lk.

Study of Land Use Characteristics Red Basalt (Ferralsols) ak Lak Province

ABSTRACT
2
Dak Lak province is located in the Central Highland with natural area of 13,125 km and a population of nearly
1.8 million people distributed in 15 administrative units. Results of identifing land mapping unit by overlay the land
character maps showed the province's land resources are of great diversity, favorable for the development of
commercial agricultural production, particularly 298,365.4 hectares of red basalt (ferralsols), accounting for 22.73
percent of the land area of the province. Red basalt soil in Dak Lak province is divided into four classification units of
gentle slope and high fertility. This soil is well suited to many economic industrial perennial plants, such as coffee,
0
rubber, cashew Basaltic soils with slopes of less than 15 occupy 92.39 percent of the area of which over 100 cm
thick layer accounts for 84.83 percent of theland. At present, 247,190.70 hectares are exploited for agricultural
purpose, the rest, remains unused and non-agricultural land.
Keywords: Basalt soil, land use, Dak Lak province.

1. T VN 13.125km2, dn s gn 1,8 triu ngi gm 47

k Lk l tnh nm trung tm cao
nguyn Trung b, ni ting vi di t bazan
mu m, thch hp vi nhiu loi cy trng cho
hiu qu kinh t cao nh cao su, c ph, tiu,
iu c bit cy c ph tr thnh thng hiu
ca tnh. Vi to a l t 12o1000 n
13o2459 v Bc v 107o2003 n 108o5943
kinh ng. Ranh gii hnh chnh ca tnh:
pha Bc gip tnh Gia Lai, pha Nam gip tnh
Lm ng v tnh k Nng, pha ng gip
tnh Ph Yn v Khnh Ho, pha Ty gip Vng
quc Cam Pu Chia. C din tch t nhin l:
dn tc anh em sinh sng, phn b trong 15 n
v hnh chnh gm 1 thnh ph, 1 th x v 13
huyn (Cc thng k thng k k Lk, 2012).
L tnh c ti nguyn t ai phong ph a
dng, thun li cho pht trin sn xut nng
nghip hng ho, c bit c 298.365,4ha t
bazan, chim 22,73% din tch t nhin ton
tnh (Theo bn t t l 1/100000 ca Phn
vin Quy hoch v Thit k nng nghip min
Trung, 2005), y l li th quan trng k
Lk tr thnh mt trong nhng tnh trng im
v sn xut c ph, cao su... ca c nc.

1024

t bazan l t liu sn xut c bit
ca nng - lm nghip, l mt ngun ti nguyn
v cng qu gi ca mi quc gia v tng khu
vc. Tuy nhin, tri qua nhiu qu trnh s
dng khc nhau v tc ng ca t nhin
dn n tnh trng hoang ho v thoi ho t
bazan. V vy, vic nghin cu c im s dng
t bazan tnh k Lk l rt cn thit gip
cho tnh c nhng nh hng s dng hp l ti
nguyn t ny v em li hiu qu cao trong
pht trin sn xut nng nghip.
2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
2.1. Thu thp s liu
S liu th cp c thu thp t cc t liu
v s liu c sn ca cc c quan ban ngnh
trong tnh nh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Cc
Thng k tnh k Lk v cc phng ban chc
nng ca huyn. Cc s liu thu thp gm cc
loi bn hin trng s dng t, th nhng,
a hnh, phn vng sinh thi; s liu v ti
nguyn nc v cc loi s liu v iu kin t
Bng 1. Ch tiu phn tch v phng php phn tch
STT Ch tiu
1 PHKCl
2 Cht hu c
3 Ln d tiu
4 Kali d tiu
5 Canxi
6 Magi
7 St
8 Nhm
9 CEC
10 TP c gii 3 cp
3. KT QU V THO LUN
3.1. iu kin hnh thnh t bazan
k Lk
3.1.1. Yu t kh hu thi tit
Kh hu l mt trong nhng iu kin
hnh thnh nn cc vng sinh thi nng nghip
khc nhau, ng thi cng l yu t cu thnh
nng sut v cht lng nng sn. Ba yu t
hnh thnh nn kh hu k Lk l: iu kin
a l t nhin, hon lu kh quyn v bc x
Phm Th Trnh
nhin, kinh t x hi trn a bn tnh. Ngoi ra,
cn k tha cc ti liu iu tra c bn c sn.
Cc s liu s cp c thu thp qua vic
iu tra b sung bn t tnh k Lk t l
1/100.000, ly mu t phn tch c thc hin
theo Quy phm iu tra lp bn t t l ln
(10 TCN 68 - 84) theo (B NN&PTNT,1984).
2.2. Phn tch t
Mu t c phn tch mt s ch tiu
nng ho (Bng 1).
2.3. Phng php chng xp bn
Chng xp cc loi bn n tnh gia bn
hin trng s dng t nm 2010 v bn
t t l 1/100.000 xc nh hin trng vic
s dng t bazan theo cc nhm cy trng
ca tnh.
2.4. X l s liu
S dng phn mm Excel 2007 x l, d
bo cc s liu iu tra v kt qu phn tch.
Phng php phn tch (*)
pH - mt
Walkley Black
Bray I
Quang k ngn la
AAS
AAS
AAS
Sclp
Amoni - Axetat (pH=7)
Pipet
mt tri. Bc x mt tri l nguyn nhn sinh
ra mi qu trnh v hin tng thi tit ca k
Lk v ni y mt nm c hai ln mt tri i
qua thin nh (vo thng 4 v thng 8) v nm
trong vnh ai nhit i gi ma cao nguyn,
nn nn nhit cao u trong nm. Bn cnh
, k lk c h thng sng sui dy, vi mt
0,8 km/km2. Nu tnh cc con sui c chiu
di t 10km th trn lnh th k Lk c ti
833 sui, c khong 403 h t nhin v nhn
to, c su t vi mt ti 25m a s c p
1025
Nghin cu c im s dng t bazan (ferralsols) tnh k Lk
bng t. Tng dung tch cc h cha 200 - 450
triu m3 nc. y l tin rt quan trng tc
ng v nh hng n qu trnh hnh thnh
v pht trin ca t.
3.1.2. Yu t a hnh, a mo
a hnh, a mo nh mt hnh th phn
nh cc yu t a cht, nh hng ti qu trnh
hnh thnh t thng qua xi mn, ra tri,
mc phong ho t. Cc vng t bazan ca
k Lk c hnh thnh phn ln t cc t
phun tro din ra t Neogen gia, c bit l t
Miocen gia, cch ngy nay 16 triu nm cho
n k t. Trn a hnh ny t c hnh
thnh phn ln trn magma acid (granit) v
trm tch (phin st), nm dng a hnh
ni cao - trung bnh t 1000m tr ln v a
hnh ni thp nm xen k a hnh ni cao c
cu to ch yu bi granite v cc trm tch
lc nguyn. Ngoi ra, hai dng a hnh cao
nguyn v bn bnh nguyn phn b trn cao
nguyn Bun Ma Thut l cao nguyn bazan tr
dng lp ph, a hnh dng i thp, nh bng
ln sng nh tip gip cao nguyn Mrk nm
v pha ng ca tnh. y l cao nguyn pht
trin trn nn a cht phc tp, gm granit,
gneiss v mt t bazan. a hnh dng i thp
ln sng cao 400 - 500m. Bn bnh nguyn
Ea Sp nm v pha Ty v Ty Bc tnh. C
dng i bng thp thoi xen ln mt phn din
tch nh i cao - ni thp. Thnh to ch yu
l cc trm tch lc nguyn (ct kt, phin st).
Mt t phun tro axit v trm tch b ri.
3.1.3. Yu t a cht
Tham gia vo cu trc a cht lnh th
tnh k Lk c mt kh a dng cc thnh to
trm tch, trm tch bin cht v phun tro c
tui t proterozoi n kanozoi. Nm trong a
khi k Lk c nn a cht kh phc tp vi
nhiu loi khc nhau gm: Nhm magma
acid v bin cht, trm tch, bazan tui
neogen - pleistocen sm (N2 - Q1) tp ra cao
nguyn Bun Ma Thut phn tip gip vi cao
nguyn k Nng v bazan tui pleistocen gia
- mun (QII - IV) tp trung trn cao nguyn
Bun Ma Thut.
1026
3.2. Mt s qu trnh bin i t bazan
3.2.1. Qu trnh ra tri v tch t st
Qu trnh ra tri v tch t st l qu
trnh di chuyn ca st lm cho hm lng st
tng t di cao hn cc tng trn. S gia tng
hm lng st tng t di c th to ra do
tch t st ra tri, do xi mn st lp t mt
c chn lc, do s ph hu st tng t mt, do
hot ng ca vi sinh vt, hoc do s kt hp
ca 2 hay nhiu qu trnh trn. Biu hin ca
qu trnh ra tri v tch t st l s phn bit
v thnh phn c gii trong phu din t (B
Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, 2009).
i vi t bazan ca tnh k Lk trong
iu kin nhit i m, hu ht cc t t nhiu
c biu hin ca qu trnh ny. t c tui phn
b trong iu kin nhit i m, qu trnh ra
tri st thng km theo vi qu trnh ph hu
khong st v c hay khng c biu hin tch t
st nhm (qu trnh ferralic), ngoi ra tu theo
iu kin m, s di chuyn ca cc cation kim
trong t c th tch t su, tch t b mt hoc
c th mt i. Chnh v vy, trong cc tng ra
tri - tch t st thng c dung tch hp thu
(CEC) thp, song bo ho baz (BS) c th thay
i ln gia cc tng t hoc gia cc vng t
ti cc cao nguyn Bun Ma Thut, Mrk.
Phn tch qu trnh ny gip cho vic phn bit
s pht trin ca t, s phn ho phu din
t, hn na y cng l mt trong nhng yu
t xc nh tng chun on argic trong
phn loi t theo FAO- UNESCO.
3.2.2. Qu trnh ferralic (qu trnh ph hu
khong st v tch lu st, nhm)
y l qu trnh chuyn ho cc loi
khong st (alumosilicat, nSiO2Al2O3.mH2O) t
cc khong c bn km sang cc khong bn
vng thm ch thnh cc sexquioxyt. H qu
ca n l lm t mt dn cc cation kim, gim
dn kh nng hp thu, tng dn chua v
mu sc ca t theo sc mu vng (B Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn, 2009).
Cng nh qu trnh ra tri v tch t st,
iu kin nhit i m t bazan tnh k
Lk, l mi trng thun li khin cho qu
trnh ph hu khong st v tch t st nhm
 Phm Th Trnh

xy ra mnh m. Nn phn ln cc t c thp tip nh kaolinit; tch lu oxit Fe/Al v cc

tui, hnh thnh t mu th tng i nhiu st,
phn b trong vng nhit i m cc vng t
bazan ca tnh u c mu vng , chua, cation
trao i thp. Qu trnh phong ho cao
nguyn bazan trong mi trng nhit i m
tnh k Lk nh sau: m ban u b phong
ho l ho hc lm thay i c bn thnh phn
ho hc, s phong ho cc khong v ra tri
cc cation kim theo chiu thun, ng thi cc
nguyn t c kh nng trao i nh st, nhm
c tch lu li. Cng vi qu trnh ferralit, s
hnh thnh kt von v ong din ra cc cao
nguyn bazan.
3.3. c im nhm t bazan
(ferralsols)
3.3.1. Phn loi nhm t bazan
Din tch nhm t bazan ferralsols (FR)
ton tnh c din tch 298.365,4ha chim 22,73%
din tch t nhin (DTTN) ton tnh, vi 4 n
v phn loi t (Bng 2).
Tr huyn Krng Bng, t trn
bazan c khp cc huyn. Tp trung din tch
nhiu nht l cc huyn Krng Buk, Krng
Nng, Krng Ana, C Kuin, TP Bun Ma
Thut...t c hnh thnh do qu trnh phong
ho bazan, hnh thnh cc khong hot tnh
hp cht bn vng ca chng nn c mu
vng l ch o. t c tng B ferralite dy >
30cm, mu vng (Hue: 7,5 - 2,5YR theo
thang mu Munsell), thnh phn c gii tht
pha ct hoc nng hn, dung tch cation trao i
trong st rt thp (CEC st < 16 ll/100g st), t
l st phn tn trong nc thp < 10%. Nhm
t tng ng v phn loi vi cc loi t
nu , nu vng, nu tm trn bazan.
Nhm t bazan c xp cao, cu trc
tt lm cho t c thm nc ln. Mc d c
nhiu trn ma to ko di nhng t xut hin
dng chy trn mt. Nc ma c thm
nhanh vo t c tch ly dng nc ngm.
V ma kh k Lk thng thiu nc
nghim trng nhng cc lp su > 80cm m
vn t > 70% sc cha m ti a m bo cho
cy cng nghip lu nm pht trin tt. t
bazan c hm lng mn cao hn cc loi t
khc, c cu trc tt, do vy t trng th rn ca
t lp mt nh. Cc lp su t thay i. Bin
dao ng t 2,6 - 2,8 cc lp su t 100 -
120cm hm lng st c tch ly cao hn
nhiu so vi lp t mt, ng thi cng c
tch ly st nhiu hn nn t trng c tng hn.
V vy, hn 96,8% din tch c ph ca tnh c
trng trn loi t ny (Bng 3).

Bng 2. Phn loi nhm t bazan ca tnh k Lk

TT Tn vit nam Tn FAO-UNESCO/WRB K hiu Din tch (ha)
Nhm t Ferralsols 298.365,40
1 t , tch st, ngho baz Veti-Acric Ferralsols FR.ac.vt 187.732,50
2 t , tch st, giu mn Humi-Acric Ferralsols FR.ac.hu 85.589,80
3 t , kt von t, ngho baz Veti-Ferric Ferralsols FR.fr.vt 4.787,90
4 t , kt von nhiu, ngho baz Veti-Hyperferric Ferralsols FR.frh.vt 20.255,20

Ngun: Vin Quy hoch thit k Nng nghip nm 2005, Phn vin QH&TKNN min Trung, 2005.

Bng 3. Tnh cht vt l ca nhm t bazan

3 3 3
Loi t su (cm) T trng (g/cm ) Dung trng (g/cm ) xp (g/cm )
0- 20 2,65 - 2,75 0,82 - 1,01 62,86 - 69,06
Ferralsols 20 - 40 2,70 - 2,75 0,80 - 0,95 65,46 - 70,37
t trn bazan 40 - 60 2,78 - 2,82 0,80 - 0,97 65,60 - 71,22
80 - 120 2,80 - 2,85 0,87 - 1,10 61,40 - 68,36

1027
Nghin cu c im s dng t bazan (ferralsols) tnh k Lk

Bng 4. Thnh phn c gii ca nhm t bazan

Thnh phn c gii (%)
Loi t su (cm)
Ct limon st
0- 25 25 20 55

Ferralsols 25 - 50 15 16 69
t trn bazan 50 - 60 19 17 64
80 - 100 22 19 69

V thnh phn c gii, nhm t bazan
tnh k Lk c hm lng st cao t mc 64 -
69%, ring lp mt khong 55%, thuc loi tht
nng. c bit kh hu ca tnh nng nhiu,
ma nhiu, nhit thay i trong ngy ln ln
n 13 - 150C dn n qu trnh phong ha
mnh v trit . Hm lng cp ht li mng
trong t thp dao ng t 16 - 20%, t c cu
trc tt, thot nc tt, khng b cht v b.
Hm lng ct t 20 - 25%, c lp ch t 15%
(Bng 4). C chiu hng ra tri hm lng st
trong phu din, lp su 80 - 120 cm c hm
lng st cao hn lp t mt n 14%, ngc
li hm lng ct lp t mt cao hn cc lp
di k tip l 6 - 10%. Ra tri st r rt c th
nh hng ca lng ma ln hng nm (Trn
An Phong, 2005).
3.3.2. Phn loi t bazan theo dc
v tng dy
Theo bn dc tnh k Lk iu tra
b sung ca Vin quy hoch v thit k nng
nghip nm 2005 trn t l 1/100.000 nhm t
bazan ton tnh phn b 5 cp dc khc
nhau, trong din tch t c dc di 80
chim 61,46%, thch hp cho cc loi cy trng
hng nm v cy cng nghip lu nm. t c
dc t 8 - 200 chim 36,30%, ph hp cho vic
pht trin cy cng nghip lu nm c ph,
iu, su ring v cc loi cy n qu. Din tch
t c dc 20 - 250 chim 2,24% din tch t
bazan, din tch ny hin nay phn ln l t
lm nghip v t cha s dng (Bng 5).
Tng dy t c ngha rt quan trng i
vi vic b tr s dng t, u t ci to ng
rung v c tnh t ai. dy tng t cn
l yu t quan trng trong phn hng, nh gi
t, trong xut quy hoch s dng t, quy
hoch nng nghip. Theo s liu bng 5, nhm
t bazan ti k Lk c phn thnh 5
cp. t c tng dy nh hn 50cm, chim
12,21% din tch t bazan, tng dy 50 -
100cm, chim 2,97% din tch t bazan v
tng dy trn 100cm, chim 84,83% din tch
t bazan.
Nh vy i a s nhm t bazan c
tng trung bnh v dy, y l nhm t tt
hin nay c pht trin trng cc cy cng
nghip lu nm.

Bng 5. Phn loi t bazan theo cp dc v tng dy

Cc cp dc () Din tch (ha) T l (%) Tng dy (cm) Din tch (ha) T l (%)
0
0-3 75.297,00 25,24 < 30 17.961,00 6,02
0
3- 8 108.072,00 36,22 30 - 50 18.467,00 6,19
0
8 - 15 92.290,00 30,93 50 - 70 5.988,00 2,01
0
15 - 20 16.012,40 5,37 70 - 100 2.851,00 0,96
0
20 - 25 6.694,00 2,24 > 100 253.098,40 84,83
Tng cng 298.365,40 100,00 Tng cng 298.365,40 100,00

Ngun: Tng hp bn dc t l 1/100.000, Vin Quy hoch thit k Nng nghip nm 2005.

1028
 Phm Th Trnh

3.3.3. Tnh cht cc loi t bazan
* t , tch st, ngho baz - FR. ac.vt
(Veti-Acric Ferralsol)
Din tch c 187.732,5ha, chim 62,92%
din tch t bazan v 14,3% din tch t t
nhin ton tnh; Phn b tp trung nhiu cc
huyn Krng Buk, Krng Nng, Krng A Na v
thnh ph Bun Ma Thut.
t c cu trc vin, t cht v c xp cao
sut ton phu din, thnh phn c gii nng,
t l st chim n 45%, ct ch khong 30 -
35%. Mn v m tng s giu (3 - 3,3% OM v
0,20% N). Ln tng s giu 0,25%, ln d tiu
thp 5 - 10 mg/100g t, ka li tng s v ln d
tiu ngho t 0,5 - 0,6%, chua va n t
chua. Hn ch chnh i vi loi t ny l
thng phn b a hnh cao, khan him v
ngun nc. Bng 6 gii thiu tnh cht l ho
hc ca phu din s 58 t tch st, ngho
baz in hnh, c o ti x Png Drang,
huyn Krng Buk.
Tng dy t mn > 70cm, dc ch yu <
(chim 87,3% din tch loi t). t c s
dng trng cc loi cy lu nm nh c ph vi,
cao su, tiucy hoa mu hng nm, mt s
din tch t rng thng xanh.
Hng s dng t: trng cc loi cy lu
nm, cy hoa mu hng nm nhng cn c bin
php ci to v chng xi mn t.
* t , tch st, giu mn - FR. ac.hu
(Humi- Acric Ferralsol)
Din tch c 85589,8 ha, chim 28,69% din
tch t bazan, phn b hu ht cc huyn
trong tnh k Lk v tp trung nhiu thnh
ph Bun Ma Thut v cc huyn Krng Nng,
C Mgar, Krng Buk, Krng Pc.
t phn ng t chua- rt chua (pHKCl: 3,9
- 5,2), no baz thp (V: 9 - 30%), dung tch
cation trao i rt thp (CEC: 4,3 - 13,5 ll/100g
t), giu cht hu c cc tng mt (OC: 2,4 -
3,5%) v gim dn cc tng su, tng ng
giu m tng s cc tng mt (N: 0,22-0,32%)
v gim dn cc tng su; giu ln tng s
(P2O5: 0,12 - 0,17%). Tng dy t mn > 70cm,
dc ch yu > 15o (chim 80% din tch loi
t). Hu ht din tch t l rng, mt s t
din tch c s dng trng cc loi cy lu
nm nh c ph vi, cao su, tiu cy hoa mu
hng nm.
Hng s dng t l trng cc loi cy lu
nm, cy hoa mu hng nm trn din tch t
t dc, nhng cn c bin php ci to v chng
xi mn t; khoanh nui, bo v rng.
* t , kt von t, ngho baz - FR. fr.vt
(Veti- Ferric Ferralsol)
Din tch c 4787,90ha, chim 1,60% din
tch t bazan; phn b tp trung thnh
ph Bun Ma Thut, huyn C MGar, Mrk
v ri rc mt s huyn khc.
t phn ng t chua (pHKCL: 4,5-5,3),
no baz thp (V: 11 - 21%), dung tch cation trao
i thp (CEC: 8 - 10 ll/100g t), dung tch
cation trao i hu hiu trong tng B thp
(ECEC: 3,4 - 4,7 ll/100g st), cht hu c giu
tng mt (OC: 2,4%), trung bnh cc tng
su (OC: 0,9 - 1,2%), m tng s trung bnh (N:
0,1 - 0,2%), giu ln tng s (P2O5: 0,18 -
0,29%). t phn b tp trung trn cao nguyn
Bun Ma Thut, dc ch yu < 15o (chim
79,9% din tch loi t), trong 1548 ha c
tng dy < 70cm. Mt s din tch t c s
dng trng cc loi cy lu nm nh c ph,
iu cy hoa mu hng nm. Xu hng thoi
ha chnh ca t: Mc kt von trong t
tng, hnh thnh t c kt von nhiu
(FR.frh.vt), gim sc sn xut t ai.

Bng 6. Tnh cht l ho hc ca phu din s 58

D tiu Ca tion trao i Thnh phn c gii(%)

su Tng s (%)
pHkcl OM % (mg/100g) (ll/100g) (cp ht tnh theo mm)
(cm) 2+ 2+
N P2O5 K2O P2O5 K2O Ca Mg CEC 2-0,02 0,02-0,002 <0,002
0- 25 5,45 3,25 0,20 0,24 0,60 14,5 8,57 3,7 0,5 16,41 34,42 27,14 38,44
25 - 60 5,28 1,45 0,18 0,16 0,58 10,5 4,11 4,8 0,7 17,55 30,04 24,11 45,85
60- 110 5,35 1,05 0,09 0,16 0,50 11,5 4,11 5,5 0,8 14,45 32,04 20,11 47,85

1029
Nghin cu c im s dng t bazan (ferralsols) tnh k Lk

Hng s dng chnh l trng hoa mu, cy
lu nm trn din tch t c tng t dy,
dc thp; din tch t c rng cn khoanh nui,
bo v.
* t , kt von nhiu, ngho baz - FR.
frh.vt (Veti-Hyperferric Ferralsol)
Din tch c 20255,20 ha, chim 6,79% din
tch t bazan; phn b tt c cc huyn
trn a bn tnh.
t phn ng t chua (pHKCL: 4,4 - 4,3),
no baz thp (V: 15 - 33%), dung tch cation trao
i rt thp (CEC: 6 - 10 ll/100g t), dung
tch cation trao i hu hiu tng mt trung
bnh (6,3 ll/100g st), tng su thp (4,1 - 5,5
ll/100g st), cht hu c giu ti su 36cm
(OC: 1,8 - 2,5%), ngho cc tng su (OC:
0,9%), m tng s giu tng mt (0,31%),
trung bnh cc tng su (N: 0,13 - 0,18%), giu
ln tng s (P2O5: 0,22 - 0,28%). t phn b
tp trung dc t 0 - 25o, ch yu di 15o
(chim 48,1% din tch loi t). Din tch t c
tng mng < 50cm, c kt von y chim 80%
din tch loi t. Hu ht din tch ang c
rng, t din tch c s dng trng hoa mu
hoc hoang ha.
Hng s dng t chnh: s dng mt s
din tch t c tng dy > 70cm trng hoa mu.
Trn hu ht din tch t tng mng trng
rng mi hoc khoanh nui bo v rng hin c.
3.4. nh gi thc trng s dng nhm t
bazan tnh k Lk
Kt qu chng xp bn t iu chnh b
sung nm 2005 ca Phn vin Quy hoch v
Thit k nng nghip min Trung v bn
hin trng s dng t nm 2010 ca S Ti
nguyn v Mi trng k Lk trn t l
1/100.000 cho thy nhm t bazan
298.365,40ha, chim 22,73% din tch t t
nhin ton tnh. Trong s dng vo t nng
nghip 277.454,70ha chim 21,14% DTTN, t
phi nng nghip 18.264,00ha, chim 1,39%
DTTN, t cha s dng 2.646,70ha, chim
0,2% DTTN (Bng 7).

Bng 7. Hin trng s sng nhm t bazan nm 2010

TT Hin trng Din tch (ha) T l (%) % so vi DTTN
Tng din tch t nhin 1.312.537,00 100
Trong t bazan 298.365,40 100,00 22,73
1 t nng nghip 277.454,70 92,99 21,14
1.1 t sn xut nng nghip 247.190,70 82,85 18,83
1.1.1 t trng cy hng nm 57.704,70 19,34 4,40
- La mu 14.149,00 4,74 1,08
- Nng ry 7.495,00 2,51 0,57
- Mu v cy hng nm 36.060,70 12,09 2,75
1.1.2 t trng cy lu nm 189.486,00 63,51 14,44
- C ph 152.814,00 51,22 11,64
- Cao su 23.117,00 7,75 1,76
- Tiu 3.036,00 1,02 0,23
- iu 2.263,00 0,76 0,17
- Cy lu nm khc 8.256,00 2,77 0,63
1.2 t lm nghip 30.264,00 10,14 2,31
2 t phi nng nghip 18.264,00 6,12 1,39
2.1 t chuyn dng 10.114,00 3,39 0,77
2.1 t th c 8.150,00 2,73 0,62
3 t cha s dng 2.646,70 0,89 0,20

Ngun: Chng xp bn t v bn hin trng s dng t nm 2010, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng k Lk, 2010.

1030

3.4.1. t bazan s dng vo mc ch
nng nghip
t sn xut nng nghip a vo s dng
247.190,70ha, chim 82,85% din tch nhm t
bazan v 18,83% DTTN ton tnh. Trong ,
t trng cy hng nm 57.704,70ha, chim
19,34% din tch t bazan (la mu
14.149,00ha, nng ry 7.495,00; t mu v
cy hng nm 36.060,70ha; t trng cy lu
nm chim din tch ln trong nhm t
bazan vi din tch 189.486,00ha, chim 63,51%
din tch t bazan v chim 14,44% din
tch t t nhin. Din tch t c ph c 18.264ha, chim 6,12% din tch t bazan v
trng trn t bazan 152.814,00ha, chim
11,64 DTTN, cy cao su 23.117,00ha, tiu
3.036,00ha, iu 2.263,00ha, Cy lu nm khc
8.256,00ha. t lm nghip c din tch
30.264,00, chim 2,31 din tch t t nhin.
3.4.2. t bazan s dng vo t phi
nng nghip
Theo s liu tng hp trong nhm t
bazan din tch t s dng vo mc ch phi
nng nghip 18.264ha, chim 6,12% din tch
t bazan v 1,39% din tch t nhin. Trong
t s dng vo mc ch chuyn dng
10.114ha, t th c 8.150ha.
3.4.3. Nhm t bazan cha s dng
T l t bazan ca tnh k Lk thc
trng khai thc s dng cho sn xut nng
nghip chim hu ht qu t bazan. Hin
ti ch cn 2.646,70ha, chim 0,89% din tch
t bazan v 0,2% din tch t t nhin,
din tch ny nm khu vc i ni cao thuc
huyn Mrk, Krng Bng trong quy hoch
din tch t ny c khoanh nui bo v rng.
4. KT LUN
Qua kt qu iu tra, phn lp trn bn
t t l 1/50.000 cp huyn v 1/100.000 ton
tnh k Lk cho thy thc trng nhm t
bazan c din tch 298.365,40ha, phn b hu
ht 15 huyn, thnh ph, th x, trong c S Ti nguyn v Mi trng k Lk (2010). Bn
khai thc s dng vo mc ch sn xut nng
lm nghip chim 92,99% din tch t bazan.
Phm Th Trnh
t bazan tnh k Lk chia thnh 4
n v phn loi, c a hnh i thoi, ph
cao, y l loi t tt thch hp vi nhiu loi
cy cng nghip lu nm c gi tr kinh t cao
nh c ph, cao su, tiu.. v cy n qu cc loi.
t bazan c dc di 150 chim 92,39%,
tng dy trn 100 cm chim 84,83% din tch
t bazan.
Thc trng nhm t bazan s dng vo
mc ch t sn xut nng nghip: 247.190,70ha
chim 82,85% din tch nhm t bazan v
18,83% DTTN ton tnh; t phi nng nghip
1,39% din tch t nhin; t cha s dng cn
2.646,70ha, chim 0,89% din tch t bazan v
0,2% din tch t t nhin.
bo v ngun ti nguyn t bazan ti
cc huyn trong tnh, cn iu tra, nh gi chi
tit v s lng v cht lng a ra cc
phng hng s dng hp l loi t ny cho sn
xut nng nghip.
TI LIU THAM KHO
B NN&PTNT (1984). Quy phm iu tra lp bn
t t l ln. Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 68 - 84,
NXB Nng Nghip, H Ni.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (2009). Ti
nguyn t Vit Nam thc trng v tim nng s
dng - Cm nang s dng t nng nghip, Tp 3,
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut.
Cc Thng k k Lk (2012). Nin gim thng k
tnh k Lk nm 2011.
Phn Vin Quy hoch v Thit k nng nghip min
Trung (2005). Bn t tnh k Lk t l
1/100000, Bn , Nha Trang.
Phn Vin Quy hoch v Thit k nng nghip min
Trung (2005). Bo co thuyt minh bn t tnh
k Lk t l 1/100000, Bn , Nha Trang.
Trn An Phong (2005). S dng ti nguyn t v nc
hp l lm c s cho pht trin bn vng cy c
ph k Lk. Bo co ti Hi tho pht trin
thng hiu c ph Bun Ma Thut, k Lk,
03/12/2005.
Vin Quy hoch v Thit k Nng nghip (2005). Bn
dc tnh k Lk t l 1/100.000, Bn ,
H Ni.
hin trng s dng t tnh k Lk nm 2010, t
l 1/100.000, bn , k Lk.
1031