G o

Bo co Cng ngh bo qun v ch bin nng sn
B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM
KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM
MN CNG NGH BO QUN
V CH BIN NNG SN
Tn ti:
TM HIU CNG NGH
CH BIN GO VIT NAM

GVHD: HONG TH TRC QUNH
NHM 8 MSSV
Trn Th Thy Duy 3005080011
Trn Th oan Nghi 3005080036
Trn Trung Tn 3005080048
Thng 05 nm 2011
Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 0

LI CM N
to iu kin cho sinh vin hiu r hn v ngnh mnh ang theo hc, nh
trng, khoa Cng ngh thc phm mang B mn Cng ngh bo qun v ch v
nng sn vo chng trnh ging dy.
B mn Cng ngh bo qun v ch bin nng sn bao gm 30 tit hc, ni dung
mn hc bao gm cc l thuyt v cc loi lng thc, cch bo qun cng nh ch
bin chng thnh nhiu loi sn phm ang c mt trn th trng. Mn hc chia thnh
2 phn: nng sn v rau qu. V phn tnh im C c cho thm im tiu lun
nhm. Bi tiu lun c tc dng gip cho sinh vin hiu r thm v mn hc, qua
cn lm tng s on kt, lm vic nhm gia cc sinh vin.
Thi gian qua nh s tn tnh ch dy cng nh gp kin ca c Hong Th Trc
Qunh m nhm mi hon thnh c bi bo co.
Nhm xin chn thnh cm n C.

LI M U
Lng thc gi vai tr rt quan trng trong i sng ca con ngi v trong chn
nui gia sc. Tht vy, 75% nng lng dng cho hot ng sng ca con ngi v gia
sc l do lng thc cung cp. V mt trong nhng ngun lng thc chnh khng th
khng k n la go. ng vy, go l ngun thc phm cung cp nhiu cht dinh
dng v cng c trng nhiu ni trn th gii (la nc v c la cn). Xa nay
Vit Nam c xem l t nc gn lin vi nn nng nghip la nc. Mc d hin
nay ngnh cng nghip cng ang ngy cng pht trin nhng la go li l mt trong
nhng mt hng c kim ngch xut khu cao nht. Cng ngy nng dn cng ci tin
hn to ra sn lng la nhiu hn v c cht lng hn.
Mt d sn lng la go hng nm vn tng nhng dn s li ngy cng tng cao
khin cho tnh hnh cung ng la go ngy cng bin ng, c th gy nn khng
hong la go. V vy nhu cu v la go ang cc k bc thit, i hi ngi nng
dn cn tch cc trng la la cung cp cho ngi tiu dng.
Nh ta bit, go l sn phm t cy la v nm trong mt qu trnh sn xut nng
nghip, thng bao gm nhng khu chnh: lm t, chn thc ging, gieo ht, m
m, cy, chm bn, gt v cui cng l khu xay xt. Tt c nhng cng on trn th
cng on no cng mang nhng kh khn nht nh. Trong ni dung bi bo co ny
nhm ch xin lm r hn v cng on xay xt la trong cc nh my xay xt la go.
V quy trnh xay xt la go bao gm rt nhiu cng on, chng nh hng rt nhiu
n cht lng go thnh phm.
Vi bi bi co mang tn Tm hiu cng ngh ch bin la go Vit Nam, nhm
mong mun ngi c s hiu r hn v vic ch bin ra ht go bao gm nhng cng
on no, thc hin nh th no. Trong nhng cng on th c nhng yu t no
nh hng n nng sut cng nh cht lng ca ht go thng phm. Ngoi ra bi
bo co cn gii thiu v mt s my mc thit b dng trong ch bin, cu to,
nguyn l hot ng cng nh hnh nh v my.
Do s hiu bit cn hn hp nn bi bo co c i ch sai st, knh mong c b qua.
Xin chn thnh cm n c.

MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V LA GO ....4
1.1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go.................................................................4
1.1.1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go trn th gii......................................4

1.1.2. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go Vit Nam.......................................6
1.2. Gii thiu v cy la go Vit Nam.................................................................7
1.2.1. Ngun gc....................................................................................................7

1.2.2. Phn loi......................................................................................................7
1.2.3. c tnh sinh hc.........................................................................................9
1.2.4. iu kin sinh thi.......................................................................................9
1.2.5. Thu hoch v bo qun la sau thu hoch..................................................10
1.3. Gii thiu v ht thc........................................................................................10
1.3.1. V..............................................................................................................10
1.3.2. Lp aleuron................................................................................................11
1.3.3. Ni nh......................................................................................................11
1.3.4. Phi............................................................................................................11
1.3.5. Ht go.......................................................................................................11
CHNG 2: CNG NGH CH BIN LA GO..................................................12
2.1. Quy trnh...........................................................................................................12

2.2. Lm sch khi ht.............................................................................................12
2.2.1. Mc ch v yu cu..................................................................................12
2.2.2. Phng php lm sch...............................................................................13
2.2.3. My lm sch.............................................................................................13
2.3. Bc v tru........................................................................................................16
2.3.1. Mc ch v yu cu..................................................................................16
2.3.2. Phng php bc v tru...........................................................................17
2.3.3. Cc loi my xay........................................................................................17
2.3.4. Cc yu t nh hng n hiu sut xay....................................................20
2.4. Phn ly thc go lt........................................................................................20
2.4.1. Mc ch v yu cu..................................................................................20
2.4.2. Phng php phn ly.................................................................................20
2.4.3. Sng t chy...............................................................................................20
2.5. Bc cm (xt)....................................................................................................21

2.5.1. Mc ch yu cu.......................................................................................21
2.5.2. Phng php xt go..................................................................................21
2.5.3. My xt go...............................................................................................21
2.5.4. Cc yu t nh hng n nng sut v hiu sut xt go..........................23
2.6. Xoa bng........................................................................................................... 26
2.6.1. Mc ch v yu cu..................................................................................26
2.6.2. Phng php xoa bng go........................................................................26
2.6.3. My xoa bng............................................................................................26
2.7. Tch tm...........................................................................................................28
2.7.1. Mc ch v yu cu..................................................................................28
2.7.2. Phng php tch tm................................................................................28
2.7.3. My tch tm.............................................................................................28
2.8. Tch ht mu.....................................................................................................29
2.8.1. Mc ch....................................................................................................29
2.8.2. Phng php tch ht mu.........................................................................29
2.9. ng gi...........................................................................................................29
2.9.1. Mc ch v yu cu..................................................................................29
2.9.2. Dy chuyn ng gi.................................................................................29
2.10. S xay xt go nh my..........................................................................30
CHNG 3: MT S MY MC THIT B CHNH DNG TRONG CH BIN

LA GO...................................................................................................................36
My lm sch............................................................................................................... 36
My xay qu l cao su Sng t chy (phn ly thc go lt)...................................36
My xt go My xoa bng go................................................................................37
CHNG 4: KT LUN...........................................................................................38
PH LC: S DNG PH PHM CA NH MY XAY XT GO THNG
PHM......................................................................................................................... 39
TI LIU THAM KHO...........................................................................................42

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V LA GO

1.1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go:
Trc khi tm hiu su v cng ngh ch bin la go, nhm xin trnh by mt cht
v tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th go trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam. Qua nhm
mun nu r vai tr quan trng ca ngnh cng ngh sn xut la go, cng nh lm
r nguyn nhn v sao ta phi tm hiu cng ngh ch bin la go Vit Nam.
1.1.1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go trn th gii:
1.1.1.1. Sn xut:
Cn c vo s liu c tnh mi nht, thng mi go th gii nm 2011 c th vn
duy tr mc 31,4 triu tn.
Tuy nhin, trong s cc nc xut khu go hng u th gii, Thi Lan s ng vai
tr chnh trong nm 2011, vi kim ngch xut khu tng ln 9,7 triu tn, tng t 9,0
triu tn trong nm 2010 v cao hn mc tiu chnh thc l 9,5 triu tn.
V ma nm 2010 bi thu nn Campuchia cng c th duy tr ngun cung n nh t
tng mc tiu kim ngch xut khu ln 1,6 triu tn, tng 11% so vi c tnh nm
2010. Theo tho thun v thc y thng mi song phng, nm 2011, s lng go
t Campuchia xut qua Vit Nam c hng thu sut nhp khu c bit 0% l
250.000 tn.
Ngoi ra, lng go xut khu ca Trung Quc d kin s tng tr li mc 1 triu
tn v ca Myanmar l 800.000 tn.
Mc d, chnh ph n quyt nh lnh cm xut khu lng thc, nhng d
kin lng go xut khu ca nc ny s tng 4% mc 2,5 triu tn, ch yu l cc
loi go thm.
Cc quan chc USDA cng cho bit, d kin lng go xut khu ca Hoa K s t
mc 3,5 triu tn do nhu cu tng mnh ti cc nc chu Phi v chu M Latinh.
Cn c vo trin vng v sn lng, Australia d kin c th xut khu 180 nghn
tn go trong nm 2011.
FAO cng d bo kim ngch xut khu go nm 2011 ca Pakistan l 1,8 triu tn,
gim 50% so vi c tnh trong bo co nm 2010, do l lt lm mt ma nghim
trng ti nc ny.
1.1.1.2. Tiu th:
Tiu th la go ton cu nm 2011 d bo s t mc 461,2 triu tn, tng 3% so
vi nm 2010.

Tiu th go dng cho lng thc tng 7,8 triu tn mc 391,4 triu tn, chim
85% tng tiu th ton th gii. Trong khi , go dng lm thc n cho ng vt c
tnh vo khong 12,2 triu tn.
Mc tiu th go trn u ngi nm 2011 xp x khong 57kg/ngi, tng 0,5kg so
vi nm 2010.
Mc d gi go ti mt s nc chu nh Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Thi Lan v Vit Nam tng nhng FAO vn d bo tiu th go theo u ngi
ti chu s tng 1% so vi nm 2010 mc 82kg/ngi.
Do ngun cung trong nc n nh nn tiu th go trung bnh ti chu Phi d bo
s tng nh mc 22,1 kg/ngi. Ti chu M La tinh v Ca-ri-b, mc tiu th go
trung bnh cng d bo tng 1% mc 31,1 kg/ngi.
Theo bo co mi nht ca Bolivia, Colombia, Cng ha Dominica, Haiti, Haiti,
Honduras, Mexico v Peru, gi go ti cc nc ny tng so vi 3 thng trc.
Trong khi , gi go li c xu hng i xung ti Brazil, El Salvador v Uruguay.
Bng d bo mc tiu th go th trng th gii
n v tnh: triu tn
09/2008 10/2010 11/2011 12/2012
Trung Quc 131 134,5 133 134
n 93,2 90,5 93 95
Indonesia 37,4 37,8 38,3 38,8
Cc nc ng v Nam khc 117,3 117,8 119,3 121
Chu Phi 21,6 22,3 23,3 24
Chu M Latinh 18,3 18,2 18,7 19,1
Cc nc khc 18,8 18,9 18,7 19,1
Tng 437,5 440 444,9 451,6
% thay i 2,4 0,6 1,1 1,5

1.1.2. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go Vit Nam:

1.1.2.1. Sn xut:
Din tch trng la ca Vit Nam nm 2010 c t khong 7,351 nghn ha, tng
0,23% so vi nm 2009.
Mc d gp nhiu kh khn, nhng nh i ng cn b k thut c tay ngh nn
nng sut la bnh qun ca Vit Nam c t 53,1 t/ha tng 0,19% so vi 53,0 t/ha
nm 2009.
Sn lng la go ca Vit Nam vn duy tr mc n nh, khng bin ng nhiu
so vi nm 2009.
Theo Hip hi Lng thc Vit Nam, xut khu go qu 1/2011 ca Vit Nam t
1,850 triu tn, tr gi 774 triu USD. Tuy nhin, xut khu c xu hng gim mnh
trong thng 3 so vi cng k nm 2010. Nguyn nhn khin cho xut khu go Vit
Nam st gim trong thi gian ny ch yu xut pht t s st gim ca th trng
Philippines. B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn Vit Nam d bo, khi lng go
xut khu ca nm 2011 c tnh t mc 7,1-7,4 triu tn, tng ln so vi mc d bo
cui nm 2010 (d kin 5,5-6,1 triu tn). Cn t chc FAO th d bo lng go xut
khu ca Vit Nam cng gim 6% xung cn 6,5 triu tn.
1.1.2.2. Tiu th la go:
Trong nhng nm gn y th tnh hnh tiu th la go khng c nhiu bin ng
ln, mc d quy m dn s vn ngy cng tng cao v go vn c coi l ngun
lng thc thit yu, trong khi nhu cu la go cho nhng nhu cu khc nh lm thc
n chn nui cng tng ln rt ln. Nguyn nhn l do i sng ngi dn ngy c
nng ln nn lng go trong khu phn cu mi gia nh gim xung.
Chnh nh s n nh v tiu th go trong nc s to iu kin cho nhng doanh
nghip trong nghip trong nc yn tm u t cng ngh, nng cao cht lng go,
tch cc tm kim th trng xut khu, nng cao thng hiu go Vit Nam trn
trng quc t.
Nhn xt: t tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go trn th gii v Vit Nam nh
trn, nhm xin rt ra mt s nhn xt l:
+ Ngnh cng ngh sn xut cng nh ch bin la go Vit Nam l rt quan
trng, cn c u t, quan tm hn na. Do din tch cng nh sn lng la go
ca cc nc trn th gii ang c chiu hng gim xung. V vy Vit Nam cn tng
cng nng cao nng sut cng nh sn lng la go.

+ Cn phi tm hiu r cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam bit nhng kh khn
cng nh thun li ca n. Nu c kh khn ta cn phi khc phc nng cao cht
lng go cung cp trong nc cng nh xut khu ra th gii.
1.2. Gii thiu v cy la go Vit Nam:
1.2.1. Ngun gc:
a s cc ti liu nghin cu v la ca th gii
u thng nht cho rng ngun gc ca cy la
trng hin nay l ng Nam , da trn cc c
s:
+ Din tch trng la ca th gii ch yu tp
trung ng Nam .
+ Kh hu ng Nam nng m, ma nhiu,
nh sng mnh thch hp cho cy la sinh trng
pht trin.
+ Nhiu ging la di l t tin ca ging la trng hin nay ang c mt trong cc
nc ng Nam .
+ Cc ti liu lch s, di tch kho c hc u c ni v ngh trng la xut hin
cc nc ng Nam .
1.2.2. Phn loi:
- Phn loi khoa hc:
+ Ngnh: Angiospermac thc vt c hoa.
+ Lp: Monocotyledones lp 1 l mm.
+ B: Poales ha tho c hoa.
+ H: Poales ha tho.
+ H ph: Poidae ha tho a nc.
+ Chi: Oryza la.
+ Loi: Oryza sativa la trng.
- Da vo c tnh ca t ai v kh hu:
+ La ry (la t kh).
+La ti tiu.
+ La rung nc tri: la rung cn (5 25 cm), su va (25 50 cm), thng b
hn hoc b ngp nc.
+ La thy triu: la nc ngt, mn, phn v than bn.
+ La nc su: la rung cn (25 50 cm), su (50 100 cm) v tht su (la ni)
(>100 cm).
- Da vo chu trnh sinh trng ca cy la:
+ La rt sm: di 100 ngy.
+ La sm: t 101 n 120 ngy.
+ La l: t 121 n 140 ngy.
+ La mun: trn 140 ngy.

Tuy nhin, s phn loi nu trn ch c tnh cch tng i m thi, v nu b nh

hng ca nhit , mt s ging la sm c th tr thnh l hoc mun.

1.2.3. c tnh sinh hc:

1.2.3.1. R:
R la mc cc mt thn v l dng r chm. B r la hon chnh c hnh qu
trng ln ngc, b ngang 40 50 cm, b di 50 60 cm. Lng r t cao nht t
500 800 r/ bi la.
1.2.3.2. Thn:
Thn la l do trc phi khi ht ny mm pht trin thnh. Trn thn c nhiu mt,
mi mt c th ra mt l. Nhng mt di gc thn st vi nhau ra r v nhnh,
cn lng khng di ra. Thn pht trin rt chm v nh sinh trng ca thn lun nm
trong b l. Trn mt t, thn l do cc b l to thnh gi l thn gi, hnh dng bt.
Sau khi lng di ra th thn mi l r trn mt t, thn bt u trn, s thy cng.
1.2.3.3. L:
L la hnh thnh t mm l trn mt thn, mi mt thn tng ng mt l. Phin
l thng di gp i b l. S l thay i ty theo ging la v ph thuc vo k
thut, thi v, phn bn v mt trng.
L la pht trin qua 4 thi k, sau cht i, do c l trn ra th l di b li i,
cy la thng cn 4 5 l xanh.
1.2.3.4. Bng v ht:
Sau thi k nhnh ngng tng trng, cy la chuyn sang thi k sinh sn (lm
ng hay sinh thc).
Sau khi ht phn vo chc xong th la tr bng. Th phn xong, tc l khi la th
tinh n ht la to hon ton gi l thi k vo chc ht, sau l thi k chn ca ht.
1.2.4. iu kin sinh thi:
Yu cu sinh thi ca cy la:
Nc v lng ma: nc phi c cung cp y . nc gip cy sinh trng
khe v u, thiu nc cy sinh trng km, yu t.
Nhit : thch hp nht 23 25 0C, nhit <13 0C ko di trn 7 ngy cy m
cht.
nh sng: sng nh.
Yu cu cht dinh dng ca cy la:khi cy m c mt l tht th n ht c dinh
dng t t, cn bn phn v cn i c N, P, K c cy m khe.

1.2.5. Thu hoch v bo qun la sau thu hoch:

1.2.5.1. Thu hoch:
Thu hoch th cng: lim l cng c ch yu, c s dng ph bin cc h gia
nh, trang tri nh.
Thu hoch c gii: s dng cc my gt ci tin loi va v nh.
Cy la sau khi thu hoch th cn phi dng cch ly cc ht thc ra khi cy. C
nhiu cch:
+ p, tut la: p la bng tay, tut la bng my p chn, my tut th cng nh
hoc my tut la.
+ S dng my gt p lin hp.
1.2.5.2. Bo qun la sau thu hoch:
La sau khi thu hoch cn lm kh d dng bo qun. Cc phng php lm kh:
+ S dng nng lng t nhin: phi la trc tip di nh nng mt tri.
+ S dng ngun nng lng nhn to: thi khng kh nng vo nguyn liu la.
Sau khi lm kh xong, la c a vo bo qun. Ni bo qun thc cn thong
kh, mt, thng xuyn kim tra m mc , mt v chut.
1.3. Gii thiu v ht thc:
Ht thc gm 4 phn:
1.3.1. V:
V ht thc gm nhng thnh phn sau:
V tru: l b phn gi cho phi v ni nh khi b tc ng
c cng nh ha hc t bn ngoi. Thnh phn ca v ch
yu l cellulose v hemicellulose, lignin, khng c cht dinh
dng nn trong qu trnh ch bin cng tch v trit th gi tr dinh dng ca go
cng cao. c bit trong v tru c t l silic tng i cao, v vy thng gy mi
mn cc thit b vn chuyn, ch bin.
V qu: v qu thuc ht go lt nhng d dng b bc ra trong qu trnh xt trng
go. v qu c cu to t nhiu lp t bo, lp ngoi cng gm cc t bo c kch
thc ln sp xp theo chiu dc ht. lp gia gm cc t bo tng t nh lp ngoi
nhng sp xp theo chiu ngang ca ht. i vi ht chn th lp t bo gia trng
rng, cn ht xanh. Lp t bo trong cng, gm cc t bo hnh ng, sp xp theo
chiu dc ht. trong cng 1 ht, chiu di c lp v qu khng ging nhau. phi lp
t bo mng nht.
V ht: bn trong v qu l v ht. V ht gm mt lp mng t bo c cha nhiu
cht bo v protein nhng t tinh bt.
1.3.2. Lp aleuron:
Lp aleuron: ngn cch gia lp v ht v ni nh l lp aleuron. Trong t bo
aleuron c cha cht khong,, vitamin nhm b v cc git cht bo.
Chiu dy lp aleuron ph thuc vo loi, ging ht v iu kin canh tc.

la nng lp aleuron dy hn la nc.
1.3.3. Ni nh:
L thnh phn ch yu ca ht , l ni d tr cht dinh dng ca ht. thnh phn
ch yu ca ni nh l tinh bt v protein, ngoi ra cn mt lng nh cht bo,
khong v vitamin.
Cc t bo tinh bt ngoi cng c dng thon di v c sp xp nm ngang, i
xng qua tim ht, v th thng lm tng kh nng rng nt ca ht trong qu trnh ch
bin.
Cng i su vo tm ht, hnh dng t bo chuyn dn t thon di thnh hnh lc
gic, v th li ht go c bn vng hn.
1.3.4. Phi:
Phi l phn pht trin thnh cy non khi ht ny mm, v th trong phi cha nhiu
cht dinh dng d tiu ha.
Cht dinh dng trong phi gm : protein 35%, cc gluxit ha tan 25%, cht bo
15%. phi cn tp trung lng ln vitamin v enzyme ca ht.
1.3.5. Ht go: Thc
Ht go chnh l phn nhn ht pha bn trong v tru.
c c ht go tiu chun phn phi
Lm
cho ngi tiu dng th sau khi bc v, htsch
go Tp cht
cn c bc cm, xoa bng go, loi nhng
ht khng t tiu chun. Bc v tru V tru
Phn ly thc
Thc
CHNG 2: CNG NGH CHgo lt
BIN
LA GO
Bc cm Cm xt
2.1. Quy trnh:
Xoa bng Cm xoa
Tch tm Tm
Tch ht mu Ht mu
Bao gi

Sn
2.2. Lm sch khi ht:

2.2.1. Mc ch v yu cu:
Tng nng sut v ci thin bn nh nguyn liu c lm sch.
D dng iu khin thit b nh s ng nht hn v thnh phn nguyn liu lng
thc a vo s ch.
Yu cu: Lng tp cht <2%.
2.2.2. Phng php lm sch:
Trong khi ht thng c ln cc loi tp cht sau:
+ Tp cht ln thng l cng rm, gi la, ti li, t, v i khi l cc vt kim
loi.
+ Tp cht b gm bi bn, ct, t vn, ht c di, cn trng v sn .
+Tp cht c cng kch c vi ht c th l ht lng, lp v vn kim loi.
Cc loi tp cht s c thu hi theo cc phng php sau:
+ Tp cht nh hn ht thc c th c thu hi bng phng php ht hoc sng.
+ Tp cht ln v b nng hn ht thc c thu hi bng sng.
+ Tp cht c cng kch thc nhng nng hn ht c th thu hi theo phng php
phn ly theo trng lng.
+ Cc vn kim loi c thu hi bng phng php sng phn ly theo trng lng
hoc bng nam chm vnh cu hay nam chm in.
2.2.3. My lm sch:
Cc loi my lm sch c s sng nh: sng kp m, sng t lm sch, my ht tc
ng n, my phn ly sn, my phn ly t tnh
S cng ngh lm sch nguyn liu:
Thc t kho nh bng ti chuyn vo da cha thc vo va cha thc u, sao
qua cn t ng ri qua b phn lm sch tp cht.
Nh 2 ln lin tip i qua sng qut. Tp cht ln c tch ra trn sng 5 7 mm
cn lt sng 3 3,6 mm l ht nh a i kim tra sng lc lng. y trn sng

3 3,2 mm l thc nh, a tr li sng bng, di 1,5 mm li tp cht nh nh
bi ct v.v
Trong ln sng th hai, thc c phn loi ra 2 phn trn sng 3,8 4 mm l thc
to a sang qut ln 3; lt sng 3,8 4 mm , nhng trn sn 3,5 mm l thc nh
a qua p ru (nu c ru), v sau sng bng 3,0 mm tch ht nh. Thc nh
sau nhng gia cng ph nh vy cng c a v qut ln 3.

Sau qut ln 3, ht (trn sng 3,2 mm v di sng 5,5 6mm) i xung my
gn tch tp cht khong , sau qua qut, cn t ng v sang phn xng xay.
Phn lt sng 3,2 mm ca sng bng a sang thit b phn chia kh ng (c th
dng qut) thu hi nhng ht go lt nguyn.

2.2.3.1. Sng kp m:
* Cu to:
B phn lm vic ch yu ca sng gm 2 mt sng bng tm kim loi, c t l, t
hi nghing.
Mt sng trn c l vi ng knh nhm gi tp cht ln nm li trn mt sng.
Mt sng di c l nh hn nhm cho ct, bi, ht c v cc tp cht nh lt
qua.
Sng kp m

A Mng cp liu; B Ca ra tp cht ln

C Ca ra ht chnh; D Ca ra tp cht nh
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Sng lm vic da vo s khc nhau v b dy v chiu rng ca ht tch tp cht
c kch thc ln hn ht, cc bi bn ra khi khi ht.
Thc c cung cp vo u cao ca my (A) v i qua sng th nht (1) c l
ng knh ln v ch gia li nhng tp cht ln.
Do sng dao ng cc phn t nm trn sng l nhng tp cht ln. Cc tp cht ny
c dn ra ca sn phm trn sng (B).
Sng th ( 2) c l ng knh b hn nn ch gi li ht thc, cn tt c nhng tp
cht b s ri xung tm y v ra ngoi theo ca (D).
Ht thc c sng th 2 gi li s thu hi qua ca (C).
* u im:
Sng c cu to n gin, d iu chnh.
* Nhc im:
Do sng h nn mi trng xung quanh b nhim nng.
Sng th 2 d b nghn li v l nh nn hiu qu lm sch gim ng k, nht l ht
c, cc tp cht c cng kch thc nh ht thc khng c tch ra.
2.2.3.2. Sng (my phn ly sn):
* Cu to:
My phn ly gm mt sng hnh ch nht, c l hnh ch nht, t nghing.
L sng khng phng, mt sng c g, dng gi sn nm li.
Sng phn ly sn
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Sng chuyn ng ln xung nh mt c cu hnh bnh hnh, nhn chuyn ng t
c cu lch tm. Mt qut y c t pha di sng nhm to thnh lung gi y
cc phn t nm trn mt sng.

Hn hp ht c a vo sng v tr gia sng.

Nh chuyn ng i ln ca sng, cc ht sn b c chuyn ln trn trn nh
sng.
Nhng ht thc no chuyn ng ln theo vi sn s c mt qut gi lp di
sng thi i.
Sn c gom vo v tr v x vo ng x khi dng tay nng np ln.
Do phi ch bin nhiu ging thc khc nhau nn nghing ca sng phi thay i.
iu chnh nghing ca sng bng cch thay i chiu di cnh ab, t thay i
v tr ca hnh bnh hnh s lm thay i nghing ca sng.
2.2.3.3. My phn ly t tnh:
My phn ly t tnh
A Nam chm vnh cu; B Xy lanh ng v nam chm vnh cu
C 2 kiu my phn l t tnh:
+ Lp nhng mng nam chm vnh cu cho my hoc cho vi x.
+ My phn ly t tnh l mt xylanh bng ng thau quay bn ngoi mt nam chm
vnh cu c tit din l na vnh khuyn.
a phn my phn ly t tnh s dng nam chm vnh cu, tuy nhin cng c th s
dng nam chm in.
Thng dng nam chm hnh ch U, hai u cc nm l trn mng trt, c t
vo ming ng cch t t trng xuyn qua lp ht mng chy xung, tp cht
kim loi s c gi li.
Khi kim loi bm kn hai u cc nam chm th lc gi ca nam chm s gim, v
vy cn nh k ly tp cht kim loi ra.
Khi thit b khng lm vic ta ming st ni lin 2 cc ghp kn mch t, trnh
t gim nhanh.
2.3. Bc v tru:

Mc ch: tch v tru ra khi ht go lt thu c ht go lt.

Yu cu: gy tn thng t nht cho ht go lt v lp cm.
2.3.2. Phng php bc v tru:

Ht thc c hai mnh v tru bao bc. Gia v tru v go nhn c mt khong
trng. hai u ht thc th khong trng kh ln. Do khi ht thc b tc dng ca
cc lc ko, nn, p th v tru d dng tut ra.
Trong k thut bc v tru hin nay c nhiu phng php tc dng ln ht lm tut
v v do cng c rt nhiu my bc v cu to khng ging nhau.
Cc kiu my xay c dung ph bin nh my xay a kiu a di quay v my
xay i trc cao su.
2.3.3. Cc loi my xay:
2.3.3.1. My xay a:
* Cu to:
My xay a gm c 2 a t nm ngang bng thp c, mt phn c ph mt lp
cht mi mn.
a trn c nh vi khung my, a di quay.
a quay c th c iu chnh v tr theo chiu thng ng cho nn khe h gia
hai v o mi mn ca hai a l c th iu chnh c. S iu chnh ny ph thuc
vi ging la, tnh trng ht v mi mn.
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Thc c cung cp vo tm ca my qua mt phu nh.
Mt ng hnh tr iu chnh thng ng iu ha nng sut v s phn phi ng
u thc trn ton b b mt ca a quay.
Nh lc ly tm ht thc c p vo gia hai v di p lc v ma st, phn ln
ht thc c bc v.
Vic iu chnh khe h gia hai a l kh quan trng v i hi phi kim tra li
lin tc trnh hin tng v ht qu mc hay hiu sut xay khng cao.
Chiu rng lm vic ca v o mi mn c ch to qu rng (trong khong t 1/6
1/7 ng knh ca a) gy nn s v ht khng cn thit.
Vn tc tip tuyn ca a khong 14m/s v vn tc quay ph thuc vo ng knh
ca a. ng knh cng ln th s vng quay trong mt pht ca trc cng thp.
mn ca lp v o mi mn ca a l khng ng u trn ton b b mt ca
v o. Tc ng xay tp trung phn gia ca mt v o, do mn phn mt v
o ny ln hn so vi vnh ngoi v vnh trong. Lu dn to nn mt ng song nh
trn vnh ngoi ca v o v l nguyn nhn lm tch t p lc qu mc trn ht
thc gia hai a.

Kt qu l go b v khng ch v p lc qu mc ny m cn v s tn ti ca ng
sng m ht go phi vt qua khi ri khi my.
Vic iu chnh theo phng thng ng ca a quay c thc hin bng cch dch
chuyn ton b cm trc a.
S rung ng ca cc cm my l cn phi trnh v n lm v ht.
2.3.3.2 My xay i trc cao su:
* Cu to:
V nguyn tc, my xay qu l cao su gm c 2 trc c bng gang, trn b mt ph
1 lp cao su, t trn cng mt ng thng. Mt qu c nh v qu kia c th iu
chnh v tr t c khe h mong mun gia 2 qu l.
Cc qu l nhn truyn ng c hc, quay theo chiu ngc nhau v qu l iu
chnh thng c vn tc thp hn qu l c nh khong 25%. C 2 qu l u c cng
ng knh v cng mt b rng.
* Nguyn l hot ng:
i trc cao su quay ngc chiu nhau vi nhng vn tc khc nhau gy nn cc lc
ko v nn lm cho ht b tut v.
Qu l c nh quay quay nhanh hn v cng cng mn nhanh hn qu l iu
chnh. Do c th i ch cho nhau nn cc qu l c mi mn ngang nhau.
Trc quay nhanh t trn cc trc c nh, trc quay chm t trn cc trc di
ng.
Khi iu chnh kch thc ca khe xay th tm ca trc dch chuyn chm.
c c kt qu xay ti u, ht phi c phn phi u trn ton b b rng ca
qu l. Tuy nhin thng th b phn phn phi ht hot ng thiu chnh xc v do
b mt qu l s mn khng u v nh hng xu ti hiu sut v nng sut. B mt
qu l c phc hi bng cch ly bt i mt phn cao su, do tui th ca cm cc
qu l cng gim i ng k.
Hiu qu ca my ph thuc vo nhit , m cao ca khng kh, cu trc v tru
v c bit l do ging la ht ngn hay di.
Kh nng xay ca kiu my xay ny cao hn kiu my xay a thng thng, bi
vy y lng go lc nguyn v hiu sut xay u cao hn. Tuy nhin khng c
ngha l sn lng go nguyn ca nh my xay s cao hn do v dc ca ht thc
khng b qu l cao su ph hng, ht b rn nt vn xut hin cng vi ht go lc
nguyn, nhng ch qua ln xt trng th nht cc ht ny s b v.
2.3.4. Cc yu t nh hng n hiu sut xay:
Tnh cht cng ngh ca thc nh m, c ht, ng nht, hnh dng trong
quan trng nht l ng u v c ht, v khe h ca my kh iu chnh, khng th
ph hp cho c hai loi kch c ht nn khng th cng lc bc v hai loi c.
Tnh nng ca my bc v.
Vn qun l, iu khin my mc.
2.4. Phn ly thc go lt:
Hn hp bn thnh phm thu c sau my xay gi l hn hp xay bao gm go lt,
tm xay, thc, cm xay v tru. Nhng thnh phn ny c s lng v cht lng khc
nhau, cn c phn loi v s dng theo chc nng ring ca tng loi.
Go lt nhng ht c bc v tru, l thnh phn gi tr nht. sau nhng khu
ch bin tip theo nh xt, xoa, phn loi s cho go
trng sn phm chnh ca cc nh my xay thc.
Thc nhng ht cha c bc v tru, cn a
tr v xay li thu c go lt.
loi ra cc ht cha c tch v tru v cho
bc v tru li.
* Yu cu:
+ Trong go lt khng ln qu 1% thc v 0,3%
tru.
+ Trong thc hi lu khng qu 10% go lt.
2.4.2. Phng php phn ly:
Da vo s khc nhau v tnh cht b mt v kch thc gia thc v go lt phn
ly ht thc ra khi ht go lt.
Cc thit b thng dng l sng t chy, my phn loi Pakis, my phn loi kiu
Bespalov
2.4.3. Sng t chy:

* Cu to:
B phn lm vic ch yu ca sng l mt sng bng, t nghing, c th iu chnh
nghing ca sng bng c cu vt nng thng ng t ti u di ca sng.
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Nguyn l lm vic ca sng l da vo s khc nhau v tnh cht b mt v kch
thc gia thc v go lt.
Hn hp thc, go lt t phu tip liu chy thnh dng trn ton b chiu rng ca
mt sng , vi chiu dy 15 25mm. do mt sng nghing nn cc cu t chuyn ng
nhanh dn u.
Nh c s khc nhau v tnh cht vt l, dng hn hp t phn lp. Lp di ch
yu l cc ht c t trng ln, lch thc nh, dung trng ln, h ma st nh, l go
lt. Lp trn ch yu l cc ht c t trng nh, kch thc ln, dung trng nh, h ma
st ln l thc.

Khi hn hp c bn t phn loi xong th gp mt sng c li sng, go lt s lt

sng xung di ri i ra ngoi, thc tip tc trt xung ri khi sng bng ng
khc.
Kt qu to ra hn hp trn sng l thc, di sng l go lt.
2.5. Bc cm (xt):
2.5.1. Mc ch yu cu:
Tch lp v qu v ht v mt phn lp aleuron v phi ca go lt nhm lm tng
kh nng tiu ha v tnh cht s dng ca go.
Tng kh nng xm nhp ca nc vo ni nh nn s gim thi gian nu.
Tng gi tr thng phm ca sn phm.
Trnh c oxi ha cht bo do lipid cm v phi gy ra.
2.5.2. Phng php xt go:
PP ha sinh hc: vn dng tnh c hiu ca enzyme phn hy cc lp v ht.Tuy
nhin phng php ny ch c s dng trong phng th nghim.
PP c hc: nh tc ng ma st ca ht go vi trc xt v thnh bu xt, ma st ca
cc ht go vi nhau, cc lp v ht v phn ln cc lp alueron.
Cc loi my xt go: my xt trng trc ng, my xt trng trc ngang, my xt
trng dng lung kh thi c bn.
2.5.3. My xt go:
2.5.3.1. Xt go bng my xt trc ng:
* Cu to:
My gm 1 xy lanh bng gang hnh cn c lp chng mn.
Cn c lp c nh trn mt trc ng c th quay thun hoc quay ngc chiu
kim ng h. Xung quanh b phn cn c bt c nh mt sng dy thp c cc c mt
li ty thuc vo loi ging thc
c xt.
Khong cch trung bnh gia v
bao ngoi b phn cn v sng vo
khong 10mm.
Sng dy thp s chia thnh cc
on cch u nhau bng cc ming
hm cao su. Nhng ming hm ny
rng 30 50mm ty theo c my.
S lng ming cao su hm cn c
vo ng knh b phn cn.
B phn cn quay lm trng go
c th iu chnh thng ng nn
khe h gia lp chng mn ca cn v sang dy thp c th iu chnh c. Vic

iu chnh ny cn c vo ging la, tnh trng ht, phng php ch bin, v mn
ca lp bao chu mn. Cc ming hm cao su trong khung sng dy thp c th iu
chnh c bng v lng quay tay nn gin. Khe h gia cc ming cao su vi b mt
cn khong 2- 3mm.
* Nguyn l hot ng:
B phn lm vic ca my xt trc ng l trc xt hnh cn, trn mt ph nhm
v mt li sng bao ngoi. Go lt ri vo y trn ca trc xt nhn lc ly tm v ri
vo vng xt khong khng gian gia mt v mt sng. Ti y go lt c bc
v nh s ma st vo mt , mt sng v gia cc ht vi nhau.
2.5.3.2. Xt go bng my xt trc ngang:
* Cu to:
B phn lm vic ch yu ca my xt trc ngang l trc xt nm trong bu xt gm
np my v ry thot cm, trc xt c bng gang, b mt c gn v gia cc gn c
lp mt , pha u b tr 2 cnh vt c tc dng vn chuyn nguyn liu v to p
lc trong qu trnh xt.
Bu xt v trc c dng hnh cn, y nh v pha tip liu.
My xt trc ngang
1. Trc ngang; 2. Lp chu mi mn; 3. V bung xt; 4. Vt cp liu
5. Van chnh p sut xt; 6. V tr c rnh kha
* Nguyn l hot ng:

Go lt c chuyn t ca tip liu vo bu xt, nh cnh vt v s chuyn ng

ca trc xt, ht go s tham gia mt chuyn ng phc tp, ng thi chu tc dng
ca cc lc ma st gia cc ht vi mt , hat4 vi ht, ht vi mt sng v.v lm
cho cc lp v b bc vi ni nh to thnh cm.
Cm tch ra lt qua ry cm, cn go xt tip tc chuyn ng v ra ngoi theo ca
tho liu.
Trong my b tr dao xt, go qua khe h ca dao xt v mt s chu cc lc ma
st ln hn. V vy bng cch iu chnh khe h khe h ny cho php diu chnh
cng xt.
2.5.4. Cc yu t nh hng n nng sut v hiu sut xt go:
2.5.4.1. S ln xt:
Mun bc c v ht phi to ra trong bu xt p lc tng i ln. Mun c go
xt cng trng ( k cng cao) th phi to p lc xt cng ln.
Go xt mt ln thng c t l gy nt cao do chu p lc trong bu xt qu ln,
hoc go c k khng u.
Xt nhiu ln th c th gim c p lc trong bu xt. Mun thu c go c
k cng cao v ng u, t l go nguyn ln, thng phi xt nhiu ln.
Vi loi my xt trc ngang, nn xt 2 3 ln. Vi my xt trc ng s ln xt cn
nhiu hn na.
2.5.4.2. Vn tc trc xt:
Vn tc trc xt c lin quan n tc dch chuyn ca go trong bu xt v tr s
p lc ca bu xt.Vn tc trc xt tng th tc dch chuyn ca go trong bu xt
cng tng ln, thi gian go lu li trong bu xt cng ngn i, nng sut ca thit b
tng ln.
Nhng nu vn tc trc xt tng qu mt gii hn no th mc bc cm s gim
v nu xt go lt c m cao th l ry cm d b tc, k ca go khng ng
u. Hn na vn tc trc xt cao s gy lc ly tm ln, lc va p ln lm cho go b
gy nt nhiu.
Vn tc trc xt nh, tc dch chuyn ca go trong bu xt cng nh, do nng
sut ca my xt gim v k ca go cng khng u. Ngi ta thng khng ch
vn tc trc xt ca my xt (trc ngang) nh bng sau:
Ln xt Vn tc trc xt, vp/ph

Xt 2 ln 1 550
2 650
1 500 550
Xt 3 ln 2 600 - 650

3 650 - 700
Vi my xt trc ng th vn tc trc xt c khng ch trong khong 14 16
m/s.
2.5.4.3. Lu lng:
Khng ch lu lng vo bu xt tc l iu chnh ca vo v ca ra ca go. Ca
vo v ra phi c iu chnh mt cch nhp nhng cn i sao cho bo m c
trong bu xt c mt p lc cn thit bc v ht go. Ca vo m to m ca ra
m nh th p lc trong bu xt nh, mc bc cm thp.
i vi loi my xt trc ng, vic iu chnh ca vo rt quan trng. Nu ca vo
m qu to th hiu qu bc cm gim i r rt v k ca go khng u.
2.5.4.4. iu chnh dao go:
Dao go dng khng ch mc bc cm. Thu hp khong cch gia dao go v
trc xt th tr lc trong bu xt tng, mc bc cm tng nhng ng thi t l gy nt
cng tng.
Vi loi my xt trc nm, thng ngi ta iu chnh khong cch dao go v trc
xt 2 4 mm, ring gn ca ra th khong cch y nn gi 6 9 mm.
Vi my xt trc ng, iu chnh dao go phi cn c vo vn tc trc xt. Trc xt
c vn tc cao th khng nn a cc dao go vo qu su.
2.5.4.5. Ry cm:
Ry cm c tc dng cm thot ra trong khi xt v tng cng tr lc ca bu xt.
Do cch sp xp v kch thc l ry cm c nh hng nht nh n hiu sut xt
go. L ry nh, cm kh thot. L ry ln, ht go s lt qua ry theo cm hoc git
vo ry ri b gy.
Vi loi my xt trc ngang, thng dng l ry kch thc 0,7 1,0 x 12,0 mm.
Vi my xt trc ng, dng l ry 1,2 x 20 mm.
2.5.4.6. Trng thi b mt ca trc xt: i vi b mt ca trc xt bc nhm.

x x ca trc xt c nh hng rt ln n hiu sut xt. Trc xt cng nhm th
hiu sut cng cao.
V nguyn tc th b my xt u tin ngi ta dng trc xt c nhm cao
bc v ht v cc my xt sau th dng cc trc xt c nhm thp hn bo
m mt ht go nhn bng.
Nhng thng thng bao gi ngi ta cng dng mt hn hp cc ht kim cng c
kch thc khc nhau bc trc xt.
T l hn hp cc loi kim cng theo bng sau:
S hiu T l hn hp cc loi kim cng

ht ct Xt 2 ln Xt 4 ln
kim cng Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln1 Ln 2 Ln 3 Ln 4

12 25
14 25
16 25 50 25
18 25 30
20 25 25 50 50 50
22 30
24 40 25 50 50
2.6. Xoa bng:
* Mc ch:
Lm tng gi tr thng phm ca ht go do tc dng lm nhn b mt ht go xt.
Loi b cc mnh cm bm trn b mt ht go lm cho go c th bo qun c
lu m cht lng t b gim.
* Yu cu:
T l cm trong go khng cn qu 0.1%.
T l tm khng c tng qu 0.5% so vi t l tm trc khi vo xoa.
2.6.2. Phng php xoa bng go:
Di mt p lc nh cc ht go c xoay quanh nhau lm cc phn t cm cn li
c ly i v go tr nn bng hn hay trong hn.
2.6.3. My xoa bng:

2.6.3.1. My xoa bng kiu cn ng:
* Cu to:
My gm mt xy lanh bng gang hnh cn c lp chng mn. Lp chng mn bng
g, trn c ng cc tm da.
Cn c lp c nh trn mt trc ng c th quay thun hay ngc chiu kim
ng h.
Xung quanh b phn cn c bt c nh mt sng dy thp c cc mt li ty thuc
vo loi ging thc c xt.

My nh bng go trc ng
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Go xt c a vo tm my qua mt phu nh.
ng bao hnh tr c th iu chnh thng ng dng iu chnh lng go v s
phn phi ng u trn ton b b mt ca b phn cn quay.
Do lc ly tm, go c a vo gia b phn cn v sng dy thp.
Khi go c ch xt bi cc tm da lm cho cc ht xoay quanh nhau v xoay
quanh da v sng da.
Di mt p lc nh, cc phn t cm cn li c ly i v go tr nn bong hn
hay trong hn.
My ny t lm v go v tiu th cng sut thp.
2.6.3.2. My xoa bng go trc ngang:
* Cu to:
My gm mt xy lanh thp trn c bt mt s ln cc tm da (8x17 cm) bng
bulng.
Xy lanh ny c lp trn mt trc ngang quay bn trong mt bung hnh tr c bao
sng t l rnh kha.
Go thot ra qua mt mng x v cm ri vo b phn gom hnh ch V v a qua
bng chuyn.

My nh bng go trc ngang

* Hot ng: ging nh hot ng ca my nh bng go trc ng.
2.7. Tch tm:

Tch tm ra khi hn hp sau my xoa thu c go nguyn v thu hi nhng ht
go ln trong tm v cm.
Tng ng u v cht lng cho go thnh phm.
To ra nguyn liu cho ngnh khc nh sn xut bt, tinh bt...
2.7.2. Phng php tch tm:
Da vo s khc nhau v trng lng v kch c ca ht go v ht tm.
Thng dng thit b chn ht (sng phn ly).
2.7.3. My tch tm:
Thit b phn ly tm l sng vi kch thc l sng l 3.4 4.0 mm.
Sng phn ly l mt sng phng t nm nghing, ta trn cc thanh bng g do
hoc bng thp, chuyn ng qua li nh mt chuyn ng sai tm thng ng lp trc
truyn ng.
C nhiu loi sng: sng n, sng kp hay hai sng n dng ni tip.
Sng phn ly tm
A Mt sng n; B Mt sng kp; C Hai sng n dng ni tip
2.8. Tch ht mu:

Ht mu l nhng ht b nm mc, ht c mu xanh xm v thc cha chn, nhng

ht b ln men, nhng ht hoc c vt . Trong qu trnh bo qun, do nhng yu
t nh: nhit , m khng t yu cu lm cho ht thc b bin i.
2.8.1. Mc ch:
Tng gi tr cm quan cho go trng.
Loi b cc ht mang mm mng gy bnh nh ht b nm mc
2.8.2. Phng php tch ht mu:
Do t l ht mu trong khi ht thng rt t nn ch yu ngi ta dng mt thng
tch.
2.9. ng gi:
* Mc ch:
Ngn cch sn phm vi mi trng bn ngoi, gip ht go khng b nhim bn.
To cho sn phm c s a dng v mu m, cnh tranh v kiu dng ca cc nh
sn xut.
* Yu cu:
Bao b phi sch s, kn.
Trn bao b c ghi r thng tin y v sn phm (loi go, nh sn xut, hn s
dng ).

2.9.2. Dy chuyn ng gi:

My ng gi l mt dy chuyn t ng cn nh lng go, cho vo bao ( dn
nhn), ghp m.
Go c cung cp vo my qua phu.
Sau , nh trng lc go chy xung h thng cn t ng. Cn t ng c th iu
chnh khi lng go: 5kg, 10kg, 20kg, 50kg
Sau khi nh lng xong, go c trt vo bao v ghp m li.
Dy chuyn ng gi go
2.10. S xay xt go nh my:
y l s b tr mt nh my xay xt go truyn thng.
Thc kh cha c lm sch vn cn ln mt s ln cc loi tp cht, c
vo phu ri nh bng chuyn nng dn vo thng cha (1). T thng cha ny,
thc c dn xung cn t ng (2) xc nh khi lng. Vic cn khi
lng trong nh my c th b qua nn nh c sn cc phng tin cn bn
ngoi xc nh khi lng thc nhp vo.

S xay xt go nh my
Sau khi cn, thc li c chuyn ln cao mt ln na v c dn vo mt
phu. T phu ny thc c xung mt my lm sch s (3), bn trong c
lp my ht cc tp cht nh cng vi mt sng kp dao ng loi cc tp
cht nng v mt nam chm gi mnh st vn.
Nhng tp cht nh, nh, ch yu l bi bn c thi qua xiclon (4) phn
ly v thi ra ngoi. Cc tp cht khc cng c thi vo cc bao ti hoc thng
cha.
Ni chung loi my ny khng c kh nng tch cc ht sn c cng kch
thc vi ht thc.
Mun tch nhng ht sn ny, ht c dn qua my phn ly theo trng lng
(5) s dng s khc nhau v trng lng gia ht sn v ht thc tch sn ra
khi khi thc. Sau thc li c dn vo cn t ng th 2 (6) xc nh
khi lng thc sch Vic xc nh trng lng 2 ln trc v sau khi lm sch
cho php ta xc nh thun khit ca khi thc phc v thu mua v cc
tnh ton v hiu qu.
Thc sau khi lm sch c chuyn ln cao v vo mt thng cha dn
xung my xay a. My xay ny c gi l loi a di quay. Ht thc i qua

khe h gia hai a v nh tc ng c xt m v tru c bc ra khi nhn

ht. Tuy nhin vn cn khong t 10 n 15% s ht cha c bc v tru. S
dng mt lp v bc chu mi mn cho vic bc v th v qu ca nhn ht s b
h hng nh to ra cm th. Khi v qu b h hng cng vi mt s vt nt do
khu bc v to ra th cc ht rn nt s to ra ht v.
Do , thnh phm ca my xay l mt hn hp gm c: tru, go lc, ht
thc, cm th v mnh go v (lc).
Thnh phm ca my xay c ln mt sng kp (8) tch cm, sau
phn ly mnh go v nh. Cm th c thu vo bao ti hoc thng cha.
Mnh go v nh c mt bng chuyn dn vo mt ngn cha cung cp
cho my xt trng th nht. Lc ny thnh phm ca my xay khng cn cha
cm th v mnh go nh na.
Sn phm t my xay c chuyn ln cao nh vt (9) v vo mt thng
cha, t thc c dn vo my ht tru (10) phn ly tru.
Tru c thi ra ngoi nh my hoc phn ly trong xyclon.
Lc ny thnh phm ca my ht tru l mt hn hp gm c thc v go lc.
Thng thng s tn ti cc ht lng khng c quan tm n trong phng
php ch bin thng thng ny.
Hn hp li tip tc c chuyn ln cao v vo mt thng cha t
dn vo my phn ly thc kiu ngn (12). y, bng cch s dng s phi hp
s khc bit v nhn, t trng v tnh cht ni gia ht thc v ht go lc,
thc s c tch ra khi go lc. Ht thc phn ly ra s c chuyn vo mt
thng cha ring nh vt (13) v c bc v tru trong mt my xay loi a
di quay ny c th c a c nh c bc mt lp cao su thay v cht d b
mi mn. C khi ngi ta s dng my xay dng qu l cao su.
Sn phm ca my xay th hai (xay li) c chuyn vo cng mt thng
cha cp liu cho sng kp (8) nh vt (15).
Khi go lc t my phn ly kiu ngn c dn vo mt thng cha cp liu
cho my xt trng th nht (16) l dng my xay cn trc ng.
V qu ca lp go lc v lp cm ngoi c bc ra. mt mc nht
nh, phi mm v cc vn go nh cng c tch ra khi khi go lc khi qua
cng on xt trng th nht.

Lp cm mu sm c x ra khi nh c cu no qut v nh trng lc.

Thnh phm ca my xt trng th nht l mt hn hp gm go xt d, tm,
vn bt, phi mm.
Hn hp ny c chuyn vo mt my sng lc (17) c khoan l trn
phn ly tm. Sn phm trn sng l go xt d c chuyn ln cao v vo
mt thng cha. T y go xt d c dn vo my xt trng th hai (18)
tip tc xt ly cm. y mt ln na li pht sinh cc vn bt, phi mm v
cc mnh go nh.
Cm thu c ln ny c mu sng hn v c gi l cm trung .
Thnh phn ca my xt trng th 2 l mt hn hp go xt trung bnh v
tm. Hn hp ny c dn vo mt sng lc th hai (19) c khoan l trn
phn ly tm. Thng thng sng tch tm sau my xt trng sau my xt trng
th nht v sng tch tm sau my my xt trng th hai c kt hp lm mt
thnh mt sng kp nhng vn gi nguyn tnh c lp v phn ly tm ca mi
lt.
Sn phm trn sng ny l go xt trung bnh c chuyn ln cao v vo
mt thng cha. Go xt trung bnh li c dn qua my xt trng th ba (20)
hon thnh vic xt ly cm ln cui. Cam thu c ln ny c mu rt sng.
Thnh phm ca my xat trng th ba ny l mt hn hp go xt hon chnh
v tm. Hn hp ny c chuyn qua mt sng lc th ba (21) l trn phn
ly tm.
Sn phm trn sng c chuyn ln cao v vo thng cha. Go xt hon
chnh lc ny trng cha c sng bng v vn cn mt s lng nh cm t
do bm vo ht go. Go xt hon chnh s phi i qua my nh bng c trng
hnh cn c bc bng cc tm da (22). My nh bng thu hi cm t do
nhng cng lm xut hin mt s vn bt v mnh go.
Cm c mu sng c x ra theo trng lng. Tm cng c tch ra khi
khi go c nh bng i qua sng lc th t dng l trn (23) . C ba
trng cn xt trng v trng cn nh bng u c ni vi mt h thng ht
lm ngui ht. ng thi h thng ht ny cng thu hi mt s cm c
gm li qua xylng (24).

Thng thng, thnh phm ca my nh bng c xem nh sn phm cui

cng ca h thng xay xt v l mt hn hp gm go nguyn, go gy v mnh
go nh. Hn hp ny c chuyn ln cao v dn vo mt thng cha. Sau khi
i qua mt s thit b phn cp, go c cn, ng bao v nhp kho.
Khi go xay cui cng gm c go nguyn, go gy v mnh go th vic phn
cp go li tr nn cn thit. Trong trng hp ny, go sau khi qua my nh
bng v sng phn ly tm li c chuyn ln cao v cung cp vo trng phn
cp th nht c hc lm, cn c gi l tri- e (25). My ny phn cp go
theo chiu di. Trng phn cp th 1 tch cc mnh v nh x vo mt thng
cha ring bit (26).
Sn phm trt trn trng phn cp l mt hn hp gm go nguyn v go
gy. Hn hp ny c cung cp vo trng phn cp th 2 tch go gy. Go
gy sau khi tch c dn vo mt thng cha ring (28). Sn phm trt trn
trng phn cp th 2 ch cn l go nguyn v cng c dn vo mt thng
ring dnh cho go nguyn (29).
Di mi thng cha c lp mt my d hnh theo th tch, cn gi l my
trn theo th tch (30).
Kh nng x go theo n v thi gian ca mi my trn c th c t trc
theo yu cu c th thu c ca ra.
Sau khi t chnh xc nng sut ca cc my trn go nguyn, go gy v go
tm, c th x ng thi theo s lc nh trc trn mt bng truyn ai (31)
a ln cao v vo 1 thng cha bn trong c lp c cu trn (32). Sau
go xay c cn, ng bao, khu v nhp kho phn phi qua cc dy thng
mi hin hnh (33).
Sn phm cui cng l go xay hon chnh c nh bng, phn cp v
pha trn.
Tuy nhin go nh bng khng phi l mt hng lun c yu cu v v l do
trng cn nh bng v sng ca n thng c b qua. iu c th
thc hin bng cch iu chnh mt van chuyn hng n gin trong ng x
ring (35).

CHNG 3: MT S MY MC THIT B CHNH DNG TRONG

CH BIN LA GO
My lm sch
My xay qu l cao su Sng t chy (phn ly thc go lt)

My xt go My xoa bng go

CHNG 4: KT LUN
Nhn vo tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go trn th gii, ta c th thy t l cung
ang thp hn cu. Nguyn nhn mt phn l do la go l lng thc chnh ca nhiu
quc gia trn gii, mt khc din tch trn th gii ngy cng thu hp khin cho sn
lng la gim xung, v mt nguyn nhn na l dn s ang ngy cng tng cao.
Vit Nam c th mnh l c din tch t ai rng ln, kh hu ph hp v i ng
cn b k thut hin i. Vit Nam cn nhn c hi ny pht trin nn cng nghip
ch bin la go nc nh vn ln tm cao mi.
Bi bo co ca nhm mt mt gii thiu cho ngi c v quy cng ngh ch bin
la go, mt khc cn nu r cc cng on gm mc ch, yu cu, phng php thc
hin cng nh mt s my mc dng trong ch bin la go.
Qua bi bo co,nhm mun gi n mt thng ip cho cc bn sinh vin ca
ngnh cng ngh thc phm, nhng ai c m c mun lm giu cho qu hng t
nc thng qua nn cng ngh ch bin la go. Th t by gi hy da vo nhng
kin thc mnh hc tm ti, nghin cu ra cc pht minh mi gip cho cng ngh
ch bin la go ngy cng pht trin, gip cho go do ta sn xut ra lun t cht
lng cao v c gi tr xut khu.

PH LC: S DNG PH PHM CA NH MY XAY XT GO

THNG PHM
cc nh my xay xt go, ngoi sn phm chnh l go th vn cn mt lng ln
ph phm nh: tru, cm Nhng ph phm ny vn c th dng vo nhiu mc
ch, nu b i th s rt hoang ph.
Phn ph lc ny nhm xin gii thiu vic s dng ph phm ca la trong cc nh
my xay xt go.
Ph phm ca nh my xay xt go gm:
Tru.
Thc lng.
Go lc lng.
Cm th.
Cm mn.
Tm.
Go thi loi.
Go ri vi.
1. Tru: c s dng di 2 dng l: cht n v nhin liu.
Tru s dng trong cng nghip: trn vo thc n gia sc, lm vn p.
Tru c dng bo qun nc .
Dng tru lm vt liu cch nhit.
Tru l ngun nng lng: cht t trong gia nh v trong cng nghip.
S dng tro sau khi t tru: ci to t, luyn kim.
2. Thc lng:
Thc lng c xem l ph phm hay khng ty thuc vo mc tiu cui cng ca
nh my xay xt.
Nu cn tch ra, th thc lng thng c ng bao ri bn cho cc tri chn nui
hoc nh my ch bin thc n gia sc.
Nu khng cn tch ra th thc lng c a tr li my xay v cui cng s c
bc v li.
3. Go lc lng:
Thng c bn lm thc n cho cc tri chn nui gia cm hoc nh my thc n
gia sc.
4. Cm th:
Trong qu trnh bc v tru, a xay khng ch bc v tru m cn bc mt phn v
qu v i khi c lp cm ca ht go lc. Thm na mt t l nh tru cng b nghin
nt khi i qua my xay.

Nh vy sn phm ca my xay a gm go lc, tru, thc v cm th. Trong cm

th c vn tru, bt v qu, cm v mm.
Cm th c th bn cho nng tri hoc cho nh my ch bin thc n gia sc.
5. Cm mn:
c ly ra t my nh bng, thnh phn gm vn cm v tinh bt.
Cm mn thng c bn lm thc n gia sc cho tri chn nui hoc nh my thc
n gia sc.
6. Tm:
Lm thc n gia sc.
Sn xut bia.
7. Go thi loi:
L nhng ht go b loi ra do khng ng mu sc yu cu ca sn phm go trng.
Chng l nhng ht b mc, ht c mu xanh xm v thc cha chn, nhng ht b
ln men, nhng ht hoc c vt , ht thc v mt s khng nhiu nhng ht go
tt.
Go thi loi c dng lm thc n gia sc.
8. Go ri vi:
L nhng ht go b ri vi trong qu trnh xay xt.
c bn cho nh my thc n gia sc.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Bi c Hi, K thut ch bin lng thc tp 1, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, 2006.
2. Th.S Vnh Long, Gio trnh Cng ngh bo qun v ch bin nng sn, Trng
i hc Cng nghip thc phm TP HCM.
3. TS. Nguyn Hay, My ch bin la go, Nxb i hc quc gia TP HCM, 2004.
4. Ngun t cc Web:
http://vietnamhoc.the-talk.net/t321-topic
http://longdinh.com/default.asp?act=chitiet&ID=2050&catID=3
http://www.giongnongnghiep.com/ky-thuat-san-xuat-giong/1-Ky%20thuat
%20Giong/21-sinh-thai-hc-cay-lua.html
http://khuyennong.mard.gov.vn/AfterHarvestTech.aspx?
TabID=5&OjectID=18&ItemID=326
http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/go/1949-du-bao-thi-truong-gao-the-gioi-nam-2011-
phan-2.html
http://www.fas.usda.gov/psd.
http://www.google.com.vn/search?um=1&hl=vi&client=firefox-
a&rls=org.mozilla%3Aen-US
%3Aofficial&channel=s&biw=1024&bih=582&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=l
%C3%BAa&oq=l
%C3%BAa&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=83938l84544l0l7l5l2l0l
0l0l211l442l1.1.1

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Bo co Cng ngh bo qun v ch bin nng sn

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

MN CNG NGH BO QUN

TM HIU CNG NGH

CH BIN GO VIT NAM

Trn Th Thy Duy 3005080011

Trn Th oan Nghi 3005080036

Trn Trung Tn 3005080048

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 0

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 1

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 2

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V LA GO ....4

1.1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go.................................................................4

1.1.1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go trn th gii......................................4

1.2. Gii thiu v cy la go Vit Nam.................................................................7

1.2.1. Ngun gc....................................................................................................7

1.3. Gii thiu v ht thc........................................................................................10

CHNG 2: CNG NGH CH BIN LA GO..................................................12

2.1. Quy trnh...........................................................................................................12

2.4. Phn ly thc go lt........................................................................................20

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 3

2.6. Xoa bng........................................................................................................... 26

2.7. Tch tm...........................................................................................................28

2.8. Tch ht mu.....................................................................................................29

2.10. S xay xt go nh my..........................................................................30

CHNG 3: MT S MY MC THIT B CHNH DNG TRONG CH BIN

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 4

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V LA GO

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 5

09/2008 10/2010 11/2011 12/2012

Trung Quc 131 134,5 133 134

Indonesia 37,4 37,8 38,3 38,8

Cc nc ng v Nam khc 117,3 117,8 119,3 121

Chu Phi 21,6 22,3 23,3 24

Chu M Latinh 18,3 18,2 18,7 19,1

Cc nc khc 18,8 18,9 18,7 19,1

Tng 437,5 440 444,9 451,6

% thay i 2,4 0,6 1,1 1,5

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 6

1.1.2. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th la go Vit Nam:

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 7

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 8

Tuy nhin, s phn loi nu trn ch c tnh cch tng i m thi, v nu b nh

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 9

1.2.3. c tnh sinh hc:

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 10

1.2.5. Thu hoch v bo qun la sau thu hoch:

Chiu dy lp aleuron ph thuc vo loi, ging ht v iu kin canh tc.

Xoa bng Cm xoa

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 12

2.2. Lm sch khi ht:

cn lt sng 3 3,6 mm l ht nh a i kim tra sng lc lng. y trn sng

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 13

3 3,2 mm l thc nh, a tr li sng bng, di 1,5 mm li tp cht nh nh

to a sang qut ln 3; lt sng 3,8 4 mm , nhng trn sn 3,5 mm l thc nh

sau nhng gia cng ph nh vy cng c a v qut ln 3.

Phn lt sng 3,2 mm ca sng bng a sang thit b phn chia kh ng (c th

dng qut) thu hi nhng ht go lt nguyn.

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 14

A Mng cp liu; B Ca ra tp cht ln

Nhm 8_Cng ngh ch bin go Vit Nam 15

Hn hp ht c a vo sng v tr gia sng.