Biofilters, also called biological filters, are devices that remove a wide range of pollutants

from a stream of fluid through a biological process.

Materials
Plastic soda or juice gallon
Gravel or small stones
Clean Sand
Activated Charcoal
Cotton balls, small cloth or coffee filter
Gardening dirt
Water
Scissors or knife
Residual wter
Glass cup

Instructions

1. Measure the residual water parameters you want to clean (pH, temperature, DBO, DQO
and Organic material)
2. Cut off the gallon of an old plastic soda or juice bottle using scissors or a knife.
3. Place the bottle upside down into the vase or tall drinking glass.
4. Place cotton balls, cloth, or a coffee filter inside the bottle as the first layer. The first layer
should be about one to two inches thick.
5. Add an inch of activated charcoal as the second layer on top of the cotton layer.
6. Over the charcoal, add about two inches of gravel or small stones as the third layer.
7. Add about three to four inches of clean sand on top of the gravel.
8. Add gravel to the bottle as the final layer. Leave about a half inch of space from the top
of the upside down bottle.
9. Put the glass cup under the biofilter and Pour the glass of residual water on top of filter
10. Wait an hour for all the water to pass through the biofilter and deposit in the glass
11. Measure the parameters again to the water that passes through the filter to verify if the
biofilter cleans the residual water

How the Filter Works

Each layer of the homemade water filter has a purpose. Gravel or small stones are used
to filter out large sediments, like leaves or insects, whereas sand is used to remove fine
impurities. Finally, the activated charcoal removes contaminants and impurities through
chemical absorption.