Escuela Politecnica Nacional

Semestre 2017A

Analisis de Senales y Sistemas

Realizado por:
Deber No.1
Jorge A. Uribe Herrera.
Senales y Sistemas
201521114
Ecuaciones diferenciales
alexuribe200996@gmail.com
Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

1. Dada la senal x(t) = (t 1) (t 2), donde (t) se define como:

(
t+1 1t0
(t) =
1t 0<t1

a) y(t) = d x(t)
Rdtt
b) y(t) = x( )d
c) su compomente par e impar.

t 0t1
(t 1) =
2t 1<t2


t + 1 1 t 2
(t 2) =
2t 2<t3

t 0t1
x(t) = (t 1) (t 2) = 3 2t 1 t 2
3 + t 2 < t 3

a)

1 0t1
x(t)
y(t) = = 2 1 t 2
dt
1 2<t3

Figura 1: y(t)

b)
Z t Z t Z t Z t
y(t) = x( )d = d + 3 2 d + 3 + d
0 a b

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

2 t  2 t
   
2 t

= + 3 + 3 +
2 0 a 2 b
2
t
2
0t1
= t + 3t + (a2 3a)
2
1t2
t2 6t
b2 6b
2
+ ( 2 ) 2t3
si t = 1, entonces
y(1) para 0 t 1 = 0,5, entonces para y(1) entre 1 t 2 tenemos :
1 + 3 + a2 3a = 0,5; a2 3a = c
1 + 3 + c = 0,5 c = 1,5
2
t
2
0t1
2
Ahora tenemos : y(t) = t + 3t 1,5 1t2
t2 6t
b2 6b
2
+ ( 2 ) 2t3
evaluando y(2) para 1 t 2 tenemos : y(2) = 0,5
y y(2) entre 2 t 3 es :
4 12 b2 6b b2 6b
= 0,5; =d
2 2 2
4 + d = 0,5 d = 4,5
2
t
2
0t1
2
Entonces : y(t) = t + 3t 1,5 1t2
t2 6t

2
+ 4,5 2t3
El graf ico de y(t) es :

Figura 2: y(t)

c)

t
0t1
x(t) = 3 2t 1t2

3 + t 2t3

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

t 3
3 t 2
x(t) = 2t + 3 2 t 1

t 1t0

1 1
xp (t) = (x(t) + x(t)); xim (t) = (x(t) x(t))
2 2
t3

2
3 t 2
2t+3

2 t 1



2
t

1t0
xp (t) = t2


2
0t1
32t
1t2


2



3+t
2
2t3

Figura 3: Componente par de x(t)

Figura 4: Componente impar de x(t)

t+3

2
3 t 2
2t+3

2 t 1



2
t

1t0
xim (t) = 2 t


2 0t1
3+2t 1t2


3t2


2
2t3

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

3)Dada x[n], encontrar y graficar:

Figura 5: x[n]

n
X
a)y [n] = x [k 2]
k=
b)y [n] =diferencia en atraso de x[n]
c)y [n] = x [n] + x [n 1] U [n] + x [n 2] U [n 1]

a)

x [n] = [n + 3] 2 [n + 2] [n + 1] + [n 1] + 2 [n 2] + [n 3]
x [n 2] = [n + 1] 2 [n] [n 1] + [n 3] + 2 [n 4] + [n 5]
y [n] = U [n + 1] 2U [n] U [n 1] + U [n 3] + 2U [n 4] + U [n 5]

b)

y [n] = x [n] x [n 1]
x [n 1] = [n + 2] + 2 [n + 1] + [n] [n 2] 2 [n 3] [n 4]
y [n] = [n + 3] [n + 2]+ [n + 1]+ [n]+ [n 1]+ [n 2] [n 3] [n 4]

c)

y [n] = x [n] + x [n 1] U [n] + x [n 2] U [n 1]

x [n 1] U [n] = [n]+ [n 2]+2 [n 3]+ [n 4] x [n 2] U [n 1] = [n 1]+
[n 3] + 2 [n 4] + [n 5]
y [n] = [n + 3] 2 [n + 2] [n + 1] [n] + 3 [n 2] + 4 [n 3] + 3 [n 4] +
[n 5]

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

5) Conocida la senal (t):

a) Si la senal x (t) = (t 1) [U (t) U (t 1)], exprese matematicamente la senal
x(t) en funcion de (t).
b) Si la respuesta de un sistema lineal invariante en el tiempo a una entrada (t) es
2t
h (t) = 2e
( U (t), Cual sera la respuesta a la entrada x (t)?
t+1 1t0
(t) =
1t 0<t1
a) (
t+1 1t0
(t) =
1t 0<t1
1 t = U (t) (t)
t 1 = U (t) (t)
x (t) = (t 1) [U (t) U (t 1)]
= U (t) (t) [U (t) U (t 1)]
= U (t) (t) + (t) U (t 1) ; (t) U (t 1) = 0
x (t) = U (t) (t)

b)
x (t) = (t) h (t) = 2e2t U (t)
y (t) = H {x (t)}
y (t) = H {(t 1) [U [t] U [t 1]]}
= H {tU [t] U [t]} H {tU [t 1] U [t 1]}
y (t) = Rf [t] g [t] f [t 1] + g [t 1]
t
g [t] = h ( ) d
Rt
= 2 0 e2 d
t
= [e2 ]
0
2t
g [t] = (e
Rt + 1) U [t] ; g [t 1] = (e2t+2 + 1) U [t 1]
f [t] = g ( ) d
Rt
= 0 e2 + 1d
h 2 it
= e2 +
0
2t
1
f [t] = 2 (e + 2t 1) U [t] ; f [t 1] = 12 (e2t+2 + 2t 3) U [t 1]
y [t] = 21 (3e2t + 2t 3) U [t] + 21 (3e2t+2 2t 5) U [t 1]

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

7) Usando propiedades, obtener y(t), la respuesta a la senal de entrada

2t x(t) de
9 3t 1
un Sistema Lineal Invariante con respuesta paso g (t) = 4 2 + 4 e U [t] si
se conoce que la senal de entrada escalada en tiempo, transpuesta y trasladada es
x [3t + 4] = 12 (t 1) U [3t + 4] + [3t + 4]
.    
9 3t 1 2t
g (t) = + e U [t]
4 2 4
x [3t + 4] = 12 (t 1) U [3t + 4] + [3t + 4]

sea a = 3t + 4 t = 4a
3
x [a] = (4a 4) U [a] + [a] ; a=t
x [t] = (4t 4) U [t] + [t]
x [t] = 4tU [t] 4U [t] + [t]

y [t] = 4f [t] 4g [t] + h [t]

Rt
f [t] = g ( ) d
Rt
= 0 49 32 + 14 e2 d



Rt Rt
= 0 94 d 0 32 + 14 e2 d

sea
u = 32 + 14 du = 3d
2

2
dv = e2 d  v = e2 
 9  t h 2
it
t
e2 32 + 14 + 3 e2 d

R
= 4
0 0 4 0
f [t] = 41 (3te2t + 9t + 2e2t 2) U [t]

h [t] = dg(t)
dt
h [t] = (3te2t e2t ) U [t] + 2 [t]

y [t] = 4f [t] 4g [t] + h [t]

= (3te2t + 9t + 2e2t 2) U [t]+(6te2t + e2t 9) U [t]+(3te2t e2t ) U [t]+
2 [t]
y [t] = (12te2t + 9t + 2e2t 11) U [t] + 2 [t]

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

9)Usando propiedades, obtener y[n], la respuesta
de un Sistema Lineal Invariante

4n
Discreto a la senal de entrada x [n] = 3 + 4 U [n 1] + 3 [n], si se conoce que
 respuesta
su
14n
paso
13

nescalada
 en amplitud, transpuesta y trasladada es 4g [n + 2] =
27 + 9 3 3 U [n + 2].
 
4n
x [n] = + 4 U [n 1] + 3 [n]
3
   
14n 13 n
4g [n + 2] = 27 + 3 U [n + 2]
9 3
sea a = n + 2 n=2a
  a 
1 1
g [a] = 27 + (11 14a) U [a] an
4 3
  n 
1 1
g [n] = 27 + (11 14n) U [n]
4 3

 
4n
x [n] = + 4 (U [n] [n]) + 3 [n]
3
 
4n
x [n] = + 4 U [n] [n]
3

y [n] = H {x [n]}
 
4n
=H U [n] + H {4U [n]} + H { [n]} ffl
3
4
y [n] = f [n] + 4g [n] h [n]
3
Xn
f [n] = g [k 1]
k=
   k !
27 3 7k 1
g [k 1] = +3 U [k] 9 [k]
4 4 2 3
n n  k n  k n
27 X 9X 1 21 X 1 X
f [n] = 1+ k 9 [k]
4 k=0 4 k=0 3 2 k=0 3 k=0
1 n+1
"
!
n+2
n+1
!#
27 9 1 3 21 n 13 13 (n + 1) + 1
3
= (n + 1) + 2 4 U [n]9U [n]
4 4 3
2 9

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

  n  n 
1 1 1
f [n] = 21n + 27n + 27 27 U [n]
4 3 3

h [n] = dif erencia en atraso de g [n]

= g [n] g [n 1]
  n  n 
1 1
h [n] = 7n 5 U [n] + 9 [n]
3 3

4
y [n] = f [n] + 4g [n] h [n]
3
1 n

n 1 n
y[n] = 3
4 21n
3  + 27n + 27
31 27 U [n] +4 14 27 + (11 14n)
4 1







3
U [n]
n n
7n 31 5 13 U [n] + 9 [n]
  n 
1
y [n] = 9n + 18 (14n 3) U [n] 9 [n]
3

11)Obtener y(t), la respuesta a la senal de entrada x (t) = 5sen (2t) U [t] de un

Sistema descrito por la ecuacion diferencial y 00 (t) + 6y 0 (t) + 8y (t) = 2x00 (t)
16x (t) , si y (0+ ) = 2, y 0 (0+ ) = 18.

x (t) = 5sen (2t) U [t]

y 00 (t) + 6y 0 (t) + 8y (t) = 2x00 (t) 16x (t) ; y 0+ = 2, y 0 0+ = 18

yh (t)
2 + 6 + 8 = 0
( + 4) ( + 2) = 0
yh (t) = a e4t + b e2t

yp (t) = csen (2t) + dcos (2t)

yp0 (t) = 2ccos (2t) 2dsen (2t)
yp00 (t) = 4csen (2t) 4dcos (2t)

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

para t = 0
x (t) = 5sen (2t) U [t]
x0 (t) = 10cos (2t) U [t]
x00 (t) = 20sen (2t) U [t] + 10 (t)

para t > 0
x (t) = 5sen (2t)
x0 (t) = 10cos (2t)
x00 (t) = 20sen (2t)

y 00 (t) + 6y 0 (t) + 8y (t) = 2x00 (t) 16x (t)

4csen (2t)4dcos (2t)+12ccos (2t)12dsen (2t)+8csen (2t)+8dcos (2t) = 120sen (2t)
( (
4c 12d + 8c = 120 c = 3

4d + 12c + 8d = 0 d=9
yp (t) = 3sen (2t) + 9cos (2t)

analizando en t > 0
y (t) = yh (t) + yp (t)
y (t) = a e4t + b e2t 3sen (2t) + 9cos (2t) ; y 0+ = 2, y 0 0+ = 18

y 0 (t) = 4a e4t + 2b e2t 6cos (2t) 18sen (2t)

( (
y (0) a + b + 9 = 2 a = 5

y 0 (0) 4a 2b 6 = 18 b = 2
y (t) = 5e4t 2e2t 3sen (2t) + 9cos (2t) U [t]
 

analizando en t = 0
x (t) = 5sen (2t) U [t]

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

x0 (t) = 10cos (2t) U [t]

x00 (t) = 20sen (2t) U [t] + 10 (t)

y 00 (t) + 6y 0 (t) + 8y (t) = 2x00 (t) 16x (t)

! !
y 00 (t) x00 (t)
0




20 (t) + 6 y (t) + 8 y(t) = 2 10 (t) 16 x(t)

( ( (
y (0+ ) y (0 ) = 0 y (0+ ) = 2 y (0 ) = 2

y 0 (0+ ) y 0 (0 ) = 20 y 0 (0+ ) = 18 y 0 (0 ) = 2

retomando en yh (t)
y (t) = a e4t + b e2t
y 0 (t) = 4a e4t 2b e2t
( (
y (0 ) = a + b = 2 a = 1

y 0 (0 ) = 4a 2b = 2 b=3
y (t) = e + 3e2t U [t]
 4t 

Finalmente:

y (t) = 5e4t 2e2t 3sen (2t) + 9cos (2t) U [t] + e4t + 3e2t U [t]
   

13)Obtener la ecuacion diferencial que describe a un Sistema Lineal Invariante si

se conoce que: H {(2t + 1) e2t U [t]} = [(2t 9) e2t + (7t + 12) e3t ] U [t]

H (2t + 1) e2t U [t] = (2t 9) e2t + (7t + 12) e3t U [t]

  

x (t) = (2t + 1) e2t U [t]

y (t) = (2t 9) e2t + (7t + 12) e3t U [t]
 

yp (t) = (2t 9) e2t

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Analisis de Senales y Sistemas Jorge Alexander Uribe Herrera.

yh (t) = (7t + 12) e3t

( + 3)2 = 2 + 6 + 9
yh (t) = y 00 (t) + 6y 0 (t) + 9y (t)

y (t) = (2t 9) e2t + (7t + 12) e3t U [t]

 

y 0 (t) = (20 4t) e2t + (21t 29) e3t U [t] + 3 (t)

 

y 00 (t) = (8t 44) e2t + (63t + 66) e3t U [t] 9 (t) + 3 0 (t)
 

x (t) = (2t + 1) e2t U [t]

x0 (t) = (4t) e2t U [t] + (t)
x00 (t) = (8t 4) e2t U [t] + 0 (t)

y 00 (t) + 6y 0 (t) + 9y (t) = a x00 (t) + b x0 (t) + c x (t)

(2t 5) e2t + 3 0 (t) + 9 (t) = e2t (8at 4bt + 2ct 4a + c) + a 0 (t) + b (t)

a = 3

b=9

c=7

finalmente:
y 00 (t) + 6y 0 (t) + 9y (t) = 3x00 (t) + 9x0 (t) + 7x (t)

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