THY DONGHUULEE Tuyt nh l thuyt

https://www.facebook.com/donghuu.lee LUYN THI TRUNG HC PH THNG QUC GIA NM 2018

Mn: KHOA HC T NHIN HA HC
l thuyt ha Thi gian lm bi: 50 pht, khng k thi gian pht

( thi c 40 cu /5 trang)
H v tn th sinh : pro S 1
S bo danh..
Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t :
H =1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S =32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52;
Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Ag = 108; Ba=137.
Cu 1 : Kim loi no sau y tc dng mnh vi nc nhit thng ?
A. Cu. B. Ag. C. Fe. D. Ca.
Cu 2 : Phng trnh ha hc no sau y l sai:
A. Cu + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2. B. 2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O.
C. Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O. D. 4FeCO3 + O2 t0
2Fe2O3 + 4CO2.
Cu 3 : Dung dch lng trng trng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to sn phm c mu c trng l
A. mu tm B. mu mu C. mu vng D. mu xanh lam
Cu 4 : Nguyn liu chnh iu ch kim loi Na trong cng nghip l
A. NaCl B. Na2CO3 C. NaOH D. NaNO3
Cu 5 : Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (a) Cho Mg vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 d. (b) Sc kh H2S vo
dung dch FeCl3. (c) Cho tnh th NaNO2 vo dung dch NH4Cl bo ho ri un nng.
(d) Cho FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl.
(e) un nng hn hp gm NaCl tinh th v H2SO4 c.
S th nghim khng sinh ra n cht l
A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4
Cu 6 : Trong cc cht sau y,cht no khng tc dng vi Na iu kin thng?
A. CH3COOH. B. C2H5NH2 C. C2H4(OH)2. D. C2H5OH.
Cu 7 : Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Cc kim loi Ba v K c cng kiu mng lp phng tm khi.
B. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn,cc kim loi kim (t Li n Cs)c bn knh nguyn
t tng dn.
C. Cc kim loi Na,K c dng lm cht trao i nhit trong mt vi phn ng ht nhn.
D. Cc kim loi kim th u tc dng vi nc iu kin thng.
Cu 8 : Trong cc kim loi sau, kim loi d b oxi ha nht l
A. K B. Fe C. Ca D. Ag
Cu 9 : Este X c cng thc cu to thu gn l CH3COOCH2CH2CH3.Vy tn gi ca X l
A. Etyl propionat. B. Metyl butirat C. isopropyl axetat. D. Propyl axetat.
Cu 10 : Kim loi khng tan trong dung dch HNO3 c, ngui l
A. Al B. Cu C. Zn D. Mg
Cu 11 : Pht biu sai l
A. Toluen c dng sn xut thuc n TNT(Trinitrotoluen).
B. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v - amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit.
C. Amiloz l polime c cu trc mnh khng phn nhnh.
D. Khi cho dung dch axit nitric c vo lng trng trng thy c kt ta mu tm xut hin.
Cu 12 : Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi cht no sau y trong dung dch?
A. MgCl2 B. Fe2(SO4)3 C. HCl D. CuSO4
Cu 13 : Cho cc phng trnh ha hc sau (vi h s t l cho)
0
X + 4NaOH t
Y + Z + T + 2NaCl + X1. (1)
t0
Y + 2[ Ag(NH3)2]OH C2H4NO4Na + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O. (2)
t0
Z + HC1 C3H6O3 + NaCl (3)
t0
T + Br2 + H2O C2H4O2 + 2HBr. (4)
Phn t khi ca X l

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 A. 220. B. 231. C. 225. D. 227.
Cu 14 : Thc hin cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch NaOH.
(b) Cho kim loi Na vo nc.
(c) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
(d) Cho NH4Cl vo dung dch NaOH.
(e) Cho bt Zn vo dung dch HNO3.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5
Cu 15 : Mt hc sinh nghin cu dung dch X ng trong l khng dn nhn v thu c kt qu sau :
- X u c phn ng vi c 3 dung dch NaHSO4 , Na2CO3 v AgNO3.
- X khng phn ng vi c ba dung dch NaOH,Ba(NO3)2,HNO3.
Vy dung dch X l dung dch no sau y ?
A. Dung dch FeCl2 B. Dung dch CuSO4
C. Dung dch Mg(NO3)2 D. Dung dch BaCl2.
Cu 16 : Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Glyxin l mt cht c tnh lng tnh.
(b) nhit thng,etan khng phn ng vi nc brom.
(c) nhit thng,eten phn ng c vi dung dch KMnO4.
(d) nhit thng, Cu(OH)2 tan c trong glixerol.
S pht biu ng l?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1
Cu 17 : Hp cht no sau y c tnh lng tnh?
A. Zn(OH)2. B. Ba(OH)2. C. Cr(OH)2. D. Fe(OH)2.
Cu 18 : Khi t nng, kh Cl2 khng tc dng trc tip vi
A. Kim loi Al. B. Kim loi Fe. C. O2 D. Kim loi Na.
Cu 19 : Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Trong qu trnh quang hp,cy hp th kh CO2 v gii phng ra kh O2.
B. Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do.
C. Phenol tham gia phn ng cng hp vi nc brom to kt ta trng.
D. Trong thnh phn ca protein c cha nguyn t nit.
Cu 20 : Bng di y ghi li hin tng khi lm th nghim vi cc cht X, Y, Z, E,E dng dung
dch vi dung mi nc:
Cht E
X Y Z F
Thuc th

Khng si bt si bt kh Khng si bt Khng si bt

Dung dch kh kh kh
Khng si bt kh
NaHCO3

Dung dch Ag Ag Khng c kt Khng c kt

AgNO3/NH3 Khng c kt ta ta ta
un nh
Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 tan Cu(OH)2
Cu(OH)2 dung dch tan to dung to dung dch khng tan
Cu(OH)2 khng tan xanh lam dch xanh xanh lam
lc nh
lam
Khng c kt Khng c Khng c kt c kt ta
ta kt ta ta
Nc brom Khng c kt ta

Cc cht X, Y, Z, E,F ln lt l:
A. Etyl axetat,glucoz,axit axetic, etylen glycol, anilin.
B. Etyl fomat, glucoz, axit fomic, glixerol, anilin.
C. Etyl axetat, glucoz, axit fomic, glixerol,phenol.
D. Axit axetic, fructoz, axit fomic, ancol etylic, phenol.

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 Cu 21 : Bng di y ghi li hin tng khi lm th nghim vi cc cht X, Y, Z, T dng dung dch
vi dung mi nc:
Cht
X Y Z T
Thuc th
Dung dch
Khng c Khng c
AgNO3/NH3, Ag Ag
kt ta kt ta
un nh
Cu(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 Dung dch Dung dch Dung dch
lc nh khng tan xanh lam xanh lam xanh lam
Mt mu
Khng mt Khng mt
nc brom v Mt mu
Nc brom mu nc mu nc
c kt ta trng nc brom
brom brom
xut hin
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T ln lt l:
A. Phenol, axit fomic, saccaroz, glucoz. B. Anilin, glucoz, glixerol, frutoz.
C. Anilin, matoz, etanol, axit acrylic. D. Phenol, glucoz, glixerol, mantoz.
Cu 22 : Trong dung dch, cht no sau y khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin
thng ?
A. Saccaroz. B. Glucoz. C. Axit axetic. D. Ancol etylic.
Cu 23 : Th nghim ha hc khng sinh ra cht kh l
A. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuSO4. B. Cho kim loi Ba vo dung dch CuSO4.

C. Nhit phn hon ton KMnO4. D. Cho Na2CO3 vo lng d dung dch
H2SO4.
Cu 24 : Ancol etylic,tinh bt,axit axetic,saccaroz l hp cht hu c c s dng thng xuyn trong
i sng hng ngy.Trong cc hp cht ny, hp cht khng tan trong nc ngui l
A. Ancol etylic. B. Axit axetic. C. Tinh bt. D. Saccaroz.
Cu 25 : Cht no sau y khng tham gia phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit H2SO4
long,nng ?
A. Xenluloz. B. Mantoz. C. Tinh bt. D. Fructoz.
Cu 26 : Cht no sau y khng tan trong nc?
A. Xenluloz B. Saccaroz C. Fructoz D. Glucoz
Cu 27 : Cht no sau y khng c tnh cht lng tnh?
A. NaHCO3 B. Na2CO3 C. (NH4)2CO3. D. Al(OH)3
Cu 28 : Cho cc cht : Cr2O3,Cr,Al,Al2O3,CuO,CrO3,NaHS,NaH2PO4.S cht tc dng c vi dung
dch NaOH long l
A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
Cu 29 : Cho cc pht biu sau :
(a) Xenluloz trinitrat c cha 16,87 % nit.
(b) Xenluloz triaxetat l polime nhn to.
(c) ipeptit mch h c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2.
(d) T nilon -6,6 c to ra do phn ng trng hp.
(e) Thy tinh hu c c thnh phn chnh l poli(metyl metacrylat).
S pht biu sai l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 2 D. 3
Cu 30 : Anilin l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip nhum( phm azo, en anilin),polime(
nha anilin fomandehit .),dc phm( streptoxit.).Cng thc ca anilin l
A. C6H5-NO2. B. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. C. C6H5-NH2 (thm). D. C6H5OH ( thm).
Cu 31 : Trong cc cht sau, cht no c lc baz mnh nht?
A. Anilin B. imetylamin C. Etylamin D. Metylamin
Cu 32 : Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Cc kim loi kim u c mng lp phng tm khi.
B. Cho Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 2 mui.
C. Phn chua c cng thc ha hc l (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
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 D. Thnh phn chnh ca qung xeerit l FeCO3.
Cu 33 : Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?
A. Kim loi Na. B. Kh H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng).
C. Dung dch KOH (un nng). D. Dung dch brom.
Cu 34 : Cp cng thc v tn gi khng ph hp l
A. CH3COOC2H5; etylaxetat. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH; ancol propylic.
C. CH3-CH2-NH-CH3;isopropylamin. D. C2H5-O-C2H5; ddietyleetee.
Cu 35 : Trong cc cht sau y, cht no tc dng vi H2SO4 long?
A. S B. Cu C. FeS. D. CuS.
Cu 36 : Khi lm th nghim vi HNO3 c, nng thng sinh ra kh NO2. hn ch tt nht kh NO2
thot ra gy nhim mi trng, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng bng tm dung dch no sau
y?
A. Mui n. B. Xt C. Cn D. Gim n
Cu 37 : Cation kim loi no sau y khng b Al kh thnh kim loi?
A. Fe2+ B. Mg2+ C. Cu2+ D. Ag+
Cu 38 : t0
Cho phn ng ha hc : 4Cr + 3O2 2Cr2O3
Trong phn ng ny xy ra
A. S kh Cr v s oxi ha O2. B. S oxi ha Cr v s oxi ha O2
C. S oxi ha Cr v s kh O2. D. S kh Cr v s kh O2.
Cu 39 : Tin hnh cc th nghim sau nhit thng :
(1) Cho dung dch NaOH ti d vo dung dch CrCl3.
(2) Cho dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch K2Cr2O7.
(3) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl3.
(4) Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti d vo dung dch Al2 (SO4)3.
(5) Cho dung dch KOH vo dung dch FeSO4.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton ,c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta ?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
Cu 40 : Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Phn ng gia F2 v hi nc sinh ra O2.
B. Si th rn khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH.
C. m chy Mg khng th dng CO2 dp tt.
D. bo qun kim loi kim, ngi ta ngm n chm trong du ha.
--- HT---

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 1 PHN TCH gii - NH Hng t duy &
hng dn t hc.

Cu 1 : - Kim loi mnh tc dng vi H2O iu kin thng gm :

+ Tt c kim loi kim : Li,Na,K,Rb.Cs.
+ Mt s kim loi kim th : Ca, Ba,Sr.
- Phn ng tng qut :
M + H2O M(OH)n + H 2
Cu 2 : Cu + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2
(V Cu l kim loi ng sau H nn khng tc dng vi axit HCl,H2SO4 long)
Cn nh.
Mt phn ng ha hc c gi l sai khi :
- Hoc khng xy ra nhng vn vit phn ng.
- Hoc xy ra nhng vit sn phm sai.
- Hoc xy ra nhng cn bng phn ng khng ng.
-Hoc ghi c im phn ng ( iu kin nhit ,xc tc, thun nghch
hay khng thun
nghch )

Cu 3 : - Lng trng trng l abumin(mi loi protein dng cu) d dng tham gia phn ng biure
dung dch mu tm .
Cn nh.
Phn ng biure:

- Peptit + Cu(OH)2 OH
Dung dch mu tm.
Ch . Cc ipeptit khng tham gia phn ng ny y l cch phn bit ipeptit vi cc
peptit khc.

- Protein + Cu(OH)2
OH
Dung dch mu tm.

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 Cu 4 : Nguyn liu chnh iu ch kim loi Na trong cng nghip l NaCl v bng phng php
in phn nng chy:
2NaCl
dpnc
2Na +Cl2

Cn nh.
- Kim loi mnh l cc kim loi t K Al trong dy in ha.
- Phng php duy nht iu ch kim loi mnh l in phn nng chy mui halogenua ca
chng (ring Al c iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy oxit Al2O3,khng in
phn nng chy AlCl3 v cht ny d thng hoa ):
2MXn dpnc
2M + nX2
2Al2O3 dpnc
4Al + 3O2
Cu 5 : Mg + Fe2(SO4)3 (d) MgSO4 + FeSO4
( Nu Mg d th c tip phn ng : Mg + FeSO4 MgSO4 + Fe)
H2S + 2FeCl3 S + 2FeCl2 + 2HCl
( Tng qut ; S2- + Fe3+ S + Fe2+)
NaNO2 + NH4Cl N2 + NaCl + H2O
( Phn ng iu ch N2 trong phng th nghim).
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
( phn ng iu ch H2S trong phng th nghim).
0
2NaCl(tinh th) + H2SO4(c)
t
Na2SO4 + 2HCl
( Phng php sun pht iu ch hiro Clorua trong phng th nghim).
Cu 6 : Cc cht c chc OH hoc COOH s tc dng c vi Na :
C2H4(OH)2 + 2Na C2H4(ONa)2 + H2
2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2
2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2

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 Cu 7 : - ng nhiu kh nh ht, sai ch c 1 tp trung tm pht biu sai.
- Trong s cc kim loi kim th th ch c Ca,Ba v Sr tc dng vi H2O iu kin thng :
M + 2H 2 O M(OH)2 + H 2

Ca,Br,Sr

Be khng tc dng vi H2O mi iu kin.

Mg tc dng chm iu kin thng( coi nh khng phn ng), ch tc dng khi un nng.
Cu 8 : - khng cho E 0 Mn+ phi dng cch 2.
M

- Trong dy in ha th K ng trc 3 kim loi cn li K c tnh kh mnh nht (d b oxi

ha nht) .
Cn nh.
1. Cc khi nim lin quan n phn ng oxi ha kh.
- Cht kh (cn gi l cht b oxi ha) : l cht cho e
c s oxi ha tng v gy ra qu
trnh (s) oxi ha.
- Cht oxi ha (cn gi l cht b kh) : l cht nhn e
c s oxi ha gim v gy ra qu
trnh (s) oxi kh.
K nng nh l :
Kh - cho-tng.
O -nhn gim
Nhng phi bo m:
Cht trnh( qu trnh) ngc nhau.
2.Tnh cht ca kim loi.
- Trong mi phn ng,nu tham gia th kim loi lun cho e lun th hin tnh kh ( b oxi
ha).
- nh gi mnh v tnh kh ca kim loi ta c 2 cch:
Cch 1. Nu cho th in cc chun E 0 Mn+ th kim loi no c E 0 Mn+ ln hn s c tnh
M M
kh nh hn (kh b oxi ha hn).
Cch 2 >Nh v tr cu kim loi trong dy in ha v kim loi no ng trc th s c tnh
kh (b oxi ha) mnh hn.
Cu 9 : - Tn ca este RCOOR/ = tn gc R/ + tn gc RCOO-.
- CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 : propyl axetat.
Cu 10 : Al khng tan trong dung dch HNO3 c ngui .
Cn nh.
HNO3 c,ngui v H2SO4 c,ngui khng tc dng v khng ha tan c cc kim loi
Al,Fe,Cr hin tng th ng ha.

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 Cu 11 : - ng nhiu kh nh ht, sai ch c 1 tp trung tm pht biu sai.
- Protein + HNO3 kt ta mu vng.
(lng trng trng l mt loi protein : anbumin).
Cu 12 : 2Al + Fe2(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3 + 2FeSO4
( nu Al cn d th tip tc c : 2Al + 3FeSO4(va sinh) Al2(SO4)3 +3 Fe)
2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Al + MgCl2 Mg + AlCl3
( Do Al ng sau Mg).
i Cn nh.
1. Kim loi tc dng vi mui.
- Kim loi khng tan trong nc( t Mg tr v sau) ch tc dng c vi dung dch mui ca
kim loi ng sau n.Bn cht phn ng :
Kim loi M + ion kim loi Rm+ ion kim loi Mn+ + kim loi R
- Lut phn ng. xy ra theo quy tc :
Kim loi mnh + ion ca kim loi yu ion ca kim loi mnh + kim loi yu.
- Phn ng c bit :
Cc kim loi t Mg n Cu + mui Fe3+ Mui Fe2+ + mui
2. Cc kim loi trc Pb lun tc dng vi dung dch HCl ( v cc axit khc):
 + 2nHCl 2MCl n(min) + nH 2
2M
(tr c Pb)

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 Cu 13 : - Nhn xt :
Phn ng (1) cho thy X b NaOH khc xut ra thnh nhiu hp phn Y,Z,T tm
c cng thc ca X (t tm c MX) th v nguyn tc phi tm c CTCT ca cc hp
phn Y,Z,T.
- (2) cho thy Y l CHO- CH2 COONa :
CHO CH2-COONa + 2[ Ag(NH3)2]OH
0

t
COONH 4 COONa + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O

C2 H 4 NO 4 Na

- Phn ng (3) cho thy Z l HO- CH2- CH2-COONa:

HO CH2- CH2-COONa + HC1 HO CH 2 CH 2 COOH + NaCl

C3 H 6 O3

- Phn ng (4) cho thy T l CH3 CHO :

CH3-CHO + Br2 + H2O CH 3 COOH + 2HBr .
 
C2H 4O2

- Vy phn ng (1) l :
0
X + 4NaOH t
CHO- CH2 COONa + HO- CH2- CH2-COONa
+ CH3 CHO + 2NaCl + X1.
Vy CTCT ph hp vi X l :
Cl CH2 CH2- COO- CH(Cl)- COO- CH = CH2 MX = 227.
Cu 14 : Kin thc k nng cn bit
- Du hiu ca mt phn ng oxi ha - kh l c s thay i( tng v gim) s oxi ha
ca mt s nguyn t.
- Kinh nghim : mt phn ng m c n cht th lun l phn ng oxi ha -
kh.Ngc lai, phn ng trung ha ( phn ng gia axit v baz) lun khng phi l
phn ng oxi ha kh.
- Cc phn ng (b),(c) v (e) c n cht tham gia l phn ng oxi ha kh.
- Cc phn ng (a) v (d) l phn ng trung ha khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh.
phn ng oxi ha kh phn ng khng oxi ha kh
(b) 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 (a)H2S + NaOH
(c) Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCl 2 + Ca(ClO)2 + H 2 O NaHS
  
CaOCl2
NaHS
(e) 3Zn + 8HNO3 3Zn(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
Na 2 S + H 2 O

Na 2 S + H 2 O
(d) NH4Cl + NaOH NH3+H2O
+ NaCl
Cu 15 : - Vi loi cu nhiu cht, nhiu phn ng gii nhanh dng phng php th p n.
-Nhn nhanh thy Mg(NO3)2,CuSO4,FeCl2 u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH nn loi
ngay cc dung dch :
- Dung dch CuSO4
-Dung dch Mg(NO3)2
- Dung dch FeCl2

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 Cu 16 : (a) Glyxin l mt cht c tnh lng tnh ng.
Amino axit l hp cht c cng thc (H 2 N)x R (COOH)y lng tnh.
  
Tnh axit Tnh bazo

(b) nhit thng,etan khng phn ng vi nc brom ng.

Etan CH3-CH3 ni ring v cc ankan CnH2n+2 ni chung ch tc dng vi Br2 nguyn cht .

(c) nhit thng,eten phn ng c vi dung dch KMnO4 ng.

Eten CH2=CH2 ni ring v cc hp cht cha lin kt bi C= C, C C ni chung u tc dng
v lm mt mu tm ca dung dch KMnO4 ngay iu kin thng :
CnH2n + KMnO4 + H2O CnH2n(OH)2 + MnO2 (en) + KOH

(d) nhit thng, Cu(OH)2 tan c trong glixerol ng.

Glixerol ni ring v cc hp cht c 2OH k nhau u c kh nng phn ng v hon tan
c Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng to dung dch xanh lam.
2 C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 (C3H7O3)2Cu + 2H2O
S pht biu ng l?
Cu 17 : Hp cht lng tnh l Zn(OH)2 .
Cn nh.
- Khi nim lng tnh ch p dng cho cc hp cht.
- Cc hp cht v c lng tnh gm :
1. Cc oxit : H2O, Al2O3, Cr2O3,ZnO.
2.Cc hiroxit : Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2,Sn(OH)2, Al(OH)3,Cr(OH)3.
3. Cc mui:
+ Cc mui axit : NaHCO3,NaHS ...
+ Mui amioni ca cc axit yu : (NH4)2S, (NH4)2CO3 , RCOONH4.
Cu 18 : - Clo oxi ha c hu ht cc kim loi ( tr Ir),phn ng xy ra vi tc nhanh,ta nhiu
nhit,a kim loi c nhiu ha tr ( Fe,Cr,) ln ha tr cao :
Cl2 + M MCln(max)
- Clo oxi ha c nhiu phi kim ( tr N2,O2 v C).

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 Cu 19 : Pht biu no sau y sai?
Hng dn gii
- Phenol tham gia phn ng cng hp vi nc brom to kt ta trng sai.
Phenol c tham gia phn ng vi nc brom to kt ta trng :
OH OH
Br Br
+ 3Br2 + 3HBr

Br
2,4,6 - tribrom phenol ( trang)

Tuy nhin,y l phn ng th nguyn tu H ca vng benzen,khng phi l phn ng cng.

- Trong thnh phn ca protein c cha nguyn t nit ng.
Cc protein c c s l - amino axit:
H2N-R-COOH peptit protein trong protein c nguyn t nit.
- Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do ng.
- Trong qu trnh quang hp,cy hp th kh CO2 v gii phng ra kh O2 ng.
6nCO 2 + 5nH 2 O
nhs ng
Dip lc
(C 6 H10 O5 )n + 6nO 2
Cu 20 : Kin thc v k nng cn bit
1.Cn nm chc cc phn ng ca :
phenol,anilin,axit fomic,glucoz,ancol a chc( glixerol,etylen glycol), fructoz
este,(nu khng nh th xem li ngay SGK).
2. Gp bi c nhiu thng tin,nhiu cht ....th cch hiu qu nht l khai thc p n
v s dng k thut loi tr.
1) .Xt X.
- X + dd NaHCO3 m khng c bt kh X khng phi l axit loi p n (Axit axetic,
fructoz, axit fomic, ancol etylic, phenol.)
- X + AgNO3/ NH3 m khng to kt ta X khng phi l este ca axit fomic loi p n
(Etyl fomat, glucoz, axit fomic, glixerol, anilin.
).
2) Xt Z( khng xt Y v c hai p n cn li Y ging nhau).
Z + AgNO3/NH3 Ag.Vy Z l axit fomic p n : Etyl axetat, glucoz, axit fomic,
glixerol,phenol.
Cu 21 :
Kin thc v k nng cn bit
1.Cn nm chc cc phn ng ca :
phenol,anilin,axit fomic,glucoz,mantoz,saccaroz,glixerol, etanol, fructoz v axit
acrylic(nu khng nh th xem li ngay SGK).
2. Gp bi c nhiu thng tin,nhiu cht ....th cch hiu qu nht l khai thc p n
v s dng k thut loi tr.
- Xt X c A,B,C,D v nhn thy khi X l phenol hoc anilin th u tha mn cc tnh cht
ct ca X
- Xt Y c A,B,C,D v nhn thy khi Y l axit fomic hoc glucoz hoc mantoz th u tha
mn cc tnh cht ct ca Y .
- Xt Z c A,B,C,D v nhn thy ch khi Z l saccaroz hoc glixerol th mi tha mn cc
tnh cht ct ca Z loi p n c etanol.
- Xt cht T 3 p n cn li thy ch khi T l fructoz mi tha mn tnh cht ct tng
ng p n .Anilin, glucoz, glixerol, frutoz.
Cu 22 : Cht hu c tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng gm :
+ Hp cht c 2 OH k nhau dung dch xanh lam.
+ Hp cht c nhm COOH dung dch xanh lam.
+ Peptit (-ipeptit) v protein dung dch xanh tm.
Ancol etylic khng tc dng.

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 Cu 23 : Ba + H2O + CuSO4 BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2 + H2
0
KMnO4
t
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
H2S + CuSO4 CuS + H2SO4
(phn ng ny vn xy ra c mc d axit sinh ra mnh hn axit ban u v CuS khng tan
trong axit).
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
Cn nh.
1. Kim loi tan trong nc tc dng vi dung dch mui.
i Cng thc vit phn ng.
Ban u s c: Kim loi + H2O(ca dd) Baz + H2
Sau c th Baz(va sinh) + Mui Mui + baz
c: (c phn ng khi ny sn phm c kt ta)
Kt qu: Kim loi + H2O + Mui Mui mi
i Ch .Nu trong hn kim loi ban u ngoi kim loi tan trong nc cn c Al,Zn th bn c
ch thm tnh hung:
Ban u s c: Kim loi + H2O(ca dd) Baz + H2
Sau c : Baz(va sinh) + Al,Zn Mui + H2

2.Cc phng php iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.

Nhit phn hp cht giu oxi v km bn.
0
KClO3
t
MnO2
KCl + O2
0
KMnO4
t
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0
H2O2
t
MnO2
H2 O + O2
3.Mui + axit mui mi + axit mi
- k xy ra phn ng :
+ Mui ban u phi tan trong axit.
( ch : cc mui sunfua ca kim loi nng nh CuS,PbS,HgS khng tan trong axit thng
thng nh HCl, H2SO4 long..).
+ Sn phm phi c kt ta hoc axit sinh ra phi l axit yu, bay hi.
Cu 24 : - Trong s 6 cacbohirat c hc(glucoz,fructoz,saccaroz,mantoz,tinh bt,xenluloz) th
c glucoz, fructoz,saccaroz,mantoz tan tt trong nc,ring tinh bt khng tan trong nc
ngui(trong nc nng t 650 tr ln,tinh bt ngm nc v trng phng ln to thnh dung
dch keo nht,gi l h tinh bt),xenluloz khng tan trong nc(k c nc nng) cng nh
cc dung mi hu c thng thng
Ch . Xenluloz tan c trong nc Svayde ( dung dch thu c khi ha tan Cu(OH)2 trong
amoniac).
- Cc ancol khng vt qu 3C tan v hn trong nc,cc ancol cn li cng tan trong nc
nhng tan s gim dn khi phn t khi tng.
- Axit fomic v axit axetic tan v hn trong nc, cc axit cn li cng tan trong nc nhng
tan gim dn khi M tng ln.
Cu 25 : Trong s 6 cacbohirat c xt trong SGK (glucoz, fructoz,mantoz, saccaroz,tinh bt,
xenluloz) th ch c glucoz v fruc toz khng tham gia phn ng thy phn :
Glucoz + H2O
Fructoz + H2O
+ 0
Saccaroz + H2O
H ,t
glucoz + fruc toz
+ 0
Mantoz + H2O
H ,t
2 glucoz.
+ 0
Tinh bt, xenluloz + H2O
H ,t
n Glucoz.
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 Cu 26 : Cht khng tan trong nc l xenluloz .
Cn nh.
1.Cacbohirat gm rt nhiu cht nhng c xt trong thi gm 6 cht :
glucoz,fructoz,saccaroz,mantoz( gim ti),tinh bt v xenluloz.
2. Glucoz,fructoz,sacccaroz tan tt trong nc cn tinh bt khng tan trong nc
lnh,(trong nc nng th trng phng),xenluloz khng tan trong nc.
Ch . Khi nim tan trong nc v phn ng thy phn ( +H2O) hon ton khc nhau.
Glucoz + H2O
Fructoz ++H2O
Saccaroz + H2O H
glucoz + fructoz.
H+
Mantoz + H2O 2glucz
H+
Tinh bt + H2O n glucz
H+
Xenluloz + H2O n glu cz
Cu 27 : Cc cht lng tnh trong v c gm:
- Oxit : Al2O3, Cr2O3,ZnO,SnO.
- Hiroxit: Zn(OH)2,Sn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, Al(OH)3.
- Mui :
+ Mui axit yu cn H : NaHCO3, NaHS
+ Mui ca kim loi trung bnh, kim loi yu hoc amoni vi axit yu :(NH4)2CO3,
RCOONH4,
Cu 28 : Cc cht cn tm l: : Al,Al2O3,CrO3,NaHS,NaH2PO4
Al + H2O + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2
Al2O3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O
CrO3 + 2NaOH Na2CrO4 + H2O
NaHS + NaOH Na2S + H2O
NaH2PO4 + 2NaOH Na3PO4 + H2O
i Cn nh.
- Mc d l oxit lng tnh nhng Cr2O3 khng tc dng vi dung dch kim long,ch tc dng
vi dung dch kim c,nng:
Cr2O3 + NaOH(long)
Cr2O3 + NaOH(c, nng) NaCrO2 + H2O
- Khc vi Al v Zn,kim loi Cr khng tc dng vi baz.
Cr + NaOH
- Cc mui v c cha H hu ht l mui axit d dng tc dng vi cc dung dch baz
to ra mui t H hn hoc mui trung ha.
- CrO3 d l oxit ca kim loi nhng li l oxit axit d dng tc dng vi dung dch baz to
ra mui cromat ( CrO42-).

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 Cu 29 : a) Xenluloz trinitrat c cha 16,87 % nit sai.
[
C 6 H 7 O3 (OH)3 ]n + 3nHNO3
H 2 SO4 ( c)
[
C 6 H 7 O3 (NO3 )3 ]n + 3nHOH
 
Xenlulozo Xenlulozotri Nitrat

14 3 n
%N = = 14,1%
297n
(b) Xenluloz triaxetat l polime nhn to ng.
T nhn to (cn gi l t bn tng hp) : c nguyn liu l polime thin nhin c ch bin
thim bng phng php ha hc. V d : t visco,t xenluloz axetat....c ch bin t
polime thin nhin l xenluloz( bng, g...) :
[
C 6 H 7 O 2 (OH)3 ]n + 3nHNO3 H 2 SO 4
[ C 6 H 7 O2 (OCOCH 3 )3 ]n + 3nCH 3COOH
  
xenlulozo Xenlulozo axetat

(c) ipeptit mch h c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2 sai.

Hu ht cc peptit tham gia phn ng biure , nhng ipeptit li khng tham gia phn ng ny.
 + Cu(OH)2 dd (mu tm).
Peptit
( ipeptit )

(d) T nilon -6,6 c to ra do phn ng trng hp sai.

T nilon -6,6 c to ra t phn ng trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic :
n H 2 N [ CH 2 ]6 NH 2 + HOOC [ CH 2 ]4 COOH
 
Hexametylen iam in Axit adipic

(
HN [ CH 2 ]6 NH OC [ CH 2 ]4 CO + 2nH 2 O )
0

t

n
Poli(Hexametylendia min adipamit ) hay(Nilon 6,6)

(e) Thy tinh hu c c thnh phn chnh l poli(metyl metacrylat) ng.

L cht rn trong sut cho nh sng truyn qua tt (gn 90%) nn c dng ch to thu tinh
hu c
plexiglat.

Cu 30 : Khng c nhm ln anilin ( C6H5-NH2) vi alanin CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH.

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 Cu 31 : Trong cc cht sau, cht no c lc baz mnh nht?
Kin thc v k nng cn bit
1.Mt cht c tnh baz ngha l cht c kh nng nhn H+(proton).
2.Mt cht c kh nng nhn H+ cng d th tnh baz cng mnh( lc baz ln).
3. Cc amin c tnh baz ( c kh nng nhn H+) v trn nguyn t N trong amin cn
cp e t do c kh nng to lin kt cho nhn vi H+ cha obitan trng.
4. Lc baz ca cc amin c sp xp theo th t :
Amin no bc 2 :
R-NH-R/
(R v R/ cng
nhiu C,mch cng
phn nhnh th
cng mnh)
Amin no bc 1 : R-NH2
(R cng nhiu C,mch cng phn
nhnh th cng mnh)

Amoniac
Amin
thm
Gii
- Anilin: C6H5-NH2(amin thm).
- Etylamin : CH3-CH2-NH2 ( amin no,bc 1).
-Metylamin( amin no,bc 1).
- imetylamin: CH3-NH-CH3 (amin no,bc 2) c lc baz mnh nht .

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 Cu 32 : - Phn chua c cng thc ha hc l (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O sai.
+ Phn chua : K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
+ Phn nhm: thay K+ trong cng thc trn = Na+,Li+ v NH4+.
- Cho Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 2 mui ng.
V l oxit kp ( Fe3O4 = FeO.Fe2O3) nn khi cho Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl,H2SO4
long s thu c 2 mui:
Fe3O4 +H2SO4(long) FeSO4 +Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O
Ch .
+ Fe3O4( v c FeO na) + HNO3 , H2SO4(c) Mui Fe3+ + Spk ( NO,SO2) + H2O
+ Fe3O4 ( v c Fe2O3 na) + HI FeI2 +I2 +H2O

- Cc kim loi kim u c mng lp phng tm khi ng.

Tt c cc kim loi kim u c cu trc lp phng tm khi.

- Thnh phn chnh ca qung xeerit l FeCO3 ng.

Cc qung st quan trng l :

Hematit Hematit Pirit Xierit
Fe3O4 Fe2O3 Fe2O3.nH2O FeS2 FeCO3
() (nu)
- Him c trong t
nhin.,
- Giu st nht.
Dng sn xut gang

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 Cu 33 : Triolein l trieste khng no ( gc C17H33- c mt lin kt i C = C )

Nn b thy phn trong mi trng baz ( dung dch KOH),tham gia phn ng cng vi H2 v
dung dch Br2 .
Cn nh.
1. Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol v cc axit bo (axit n chc,mch thng, c s nguyn t C
chn v nm trong khong t 12 n 24C):

R1, R2 , R3 l gc H-C ca cc axit bo

Cc axit bo thng gp trong cht bo l :
- C17H35COOH axit Stearic ( axit bo no )
- C15H31COOH axit panmetic ( axit bo no )
- C17H33COOH axit oleic ( axit bo khng no )
- C17H31COOH axit linoleic ( axit bo khng no )
2. Tn gi ca cht bo :
CH2-O-CO-R1
CH- O-CO-R2
CH2-O-CO-R3
Cch 1.
Tri + tn axits bo( thay ic = oyl)+ glixerol.
Cch 2.
Tri + tn axit bo ( thay ic = in)
3.Tnh cht ca cht bo
+ Phn ng nhm chc: l phn ng c trng v bao gm phn ng thy phn trong mi
trng axit hoc trong mi trng baz(phn ng x phng ha):
CH2-O-CO-R1 CH2-OH R1- COOH
H +, t0 2
CH- O-CO-R2 + 3H2O CH2- OH + R - COOH
CH -OH R3- COOH
CH2-O-CO-R3 2

CH2-O-CO-R1 CH2-OH R1- COONa

t0 2
CH- O-CO-R2 + 3NaOH CH2- OH + R - COONa
CH -OH R3- COONa
CH2-O-CO-R3 2
1 2 3
+ Phn ng gc hi rocacbon R ,R ,R :
Nu l cc gc khng no th xy ra phn ng cng ( H2,Br2),phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton

V d:
CH2OCOC17H33 CH2OCOC17H35
t0,p cao, Ni
CH-OCOC17H33 + 3H2 CH-OCOC17H35
CH2OCOC17H33 CH2OCOC17H35
Triolein (lng) Tristearin (rn)

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 Cu 34 : Tn gc chc ca amin = tn cc gc hirocacbon ( theo a,b,c..) + amin.
cht CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 phi c tn l etylmetylamin.
Cu 35 : H2SO4 long ni ring v cc axit v c mnh (- HNO3, H2SO4 c),axit hu c R(COOH) ni
chung c y tnh cht ca axit :
+ Lm qu i mu.
+ tc dng vi kim loi trc H.
+ tc dng vi baz, oxit baz.
+ tc dng vi mui ca axit yu .
Ch . cc mui sunfua ca kim loi nng ( PbS,CuS,Ag2S,HgS) khng tc dng v khng
tan trong axit mnh ( nhng vn tan trong HNO3 v H2SO4 c).
- FeS.
Cu 36 : Do trong cc p n A,B,C,D th ch c xt(NaOH) l thuc tnh cht ha hc ca NO2 .
2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O
Cc sn phm sinh ra l cht rn v khng c v nm trn nhm bng.
Cn nh.
1.Xt l NaOH, gim n l dung dch CH3COOH, Mui n l NaCl, cn dung dch C2H5OH
c.
2.NO2 l mt oxit va c tnh kh ( N+4 N+5) va l oxit axit . Cc phn ng quan trng th
hin tnh cht ha hc ca NO2:
NO2 + M(OH)n M(NO2)n + M(NO3)n + H2O
( V d: NO2 + NaOH NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O)
NO2 + O2 + H2O HNO3
( phn ng iu ch HNO3 trong cng nghip)
Cu 37 : Phn ng gia kim loi M v ion kim loi Rx+(trong cc dung dch mui) xy ra theo quy tc
anpha:
M + Rx+ Mn+ + R
V ch xy ra khi M ng trc R trong dy in ha.
Ngoi l:
Cu ( tng qut l cc kim loi t Mg n Cu) + Mui Fe3+ Mui Cu2+ + Mui Fe2+

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 Cu 38 : - Cht kh ( cht b oxi ha)
cho e, tng oxi ha qu trnh (s) oxi ha.
- Cht oxi ha ( cht b kh)
nhn e, gim s oxi ha qu trnh( s) kh.
Cch nh:
Kh - cho tng
O Gim nhn.
Kh - tng, O gim
Nhng phi bo m
Cht trnh ( qu trnh ) ngc nhau.
+3
Cr Cr
0

- 0 2
Cr0 l cht kh ( s oxi ha Cr) v O2 l cht oxi ha ( s kh O2).
2
O O
Cu 39 : (1) Cho dung dch NaOH ti d vo dung dch CrCl3 :
3NaOH + CrCl3 Cr(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Do NaOH d, Cr(OH)3 li l hp cht lng tnh nn b ha tan ht :
NaOH + Cr(OH)3 NaCrO2 + 2H2O
(2) Cho dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 :
K2Cr2O7 + BaCl2 + H2O BaCrO4 (vng) + HCl + KCl
Bn cht l : trong dung dch K2Cr2O7 tn ti cn bng :
Cr2O72- + H2O
2CrO42- + 2H+
Khi cho BaCl2 vo th Ba hp vi CrO42- to kt ta v lm cn bng trn chuyn dch hon
2+

ton sang phi :

Ba2+ + CrO42- BaCrO4
(3) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl3 :
H2S + 2FeCl3 S + 2FeCl2 + 2HCl
Bn cht : S2- c tnh kh, Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha S + Fe2+
(4) Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti d vo dung dch Al2 (SO4)3 :
Ba(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 Al(OH)3 + BaSO4
Do Ba(OH)2 d, Al(OH)3 li l hp cht lng tnh nn b ha tan ht :
Ba(OH)2 + Al(OH)3 Ba(CrO2)2 + 2H2O
(5) Cho dung dch KOH vo dung dch FeSO4.
2KOH + FeSO4 Fe(OH)2 + K2SO4

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 Cu 40 : - H2O s bc chy trong flo khi un nng,gi phng oxi :
F2 + H2O HF + O2
- Kim loi kim hot ng rt mnh ,d dng phn ng vi oxi v hi H2O c trong khng kh
bo qun kim loi kim ngi ta thng ngm chm chng trong du ha.
- Khi un nng, Mg bc chy mnh trng kh CO2 :
Mg + CO2 MgO + C
Nn khng dng CO2 dp tt m chy magie hoc nhm.
- Si tc dng tng i mnh vi dung dch kim ,gi phng kh H2 :
Si+ NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2
Pht biu sai l :Si th rn khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH .

P N L THUYT S 1
1 D 6 B 11 D 16 B 21 B 26 A 31 B 36 B
2 A 7 D 12 A 17 A 22 D 27 B 32 C 37 B
3 A 8 A 13 D 18 C 23 A 28 C 33 A 38 C
4 A 9 D 14 B 19 C 24 C 29 D 34 C 39 D
5 B 10 A 15 D 20 C 25 D 30 C 35 C 40 B

Ti liu cn rt di nhng v l do bn quyn nn Ad ch tng cc bn c chng ny , mong qu thy c v

cc em hc sinh trn mi min t quc thng cm. Mt ln na xin cm n qu thy c v cc em hc sinh
bt cht thi gian c ti liu ny. Hi vng ti liu gip ch c nhiu cho qu thy c v cc em trong
vic ging dy v hc tp mn Ha hc. Chc qu thy c v cc em hc sinh c nhiu nim vui v lun
hnh phc. Cho Thn i./.
Bn no c nhu cu nhn bn full ( khong gn 300 trang) th phi mt ph:
+ File pdf : 250k.
+ File word : 350k
Bn c nhn file ti liu qua gmail v chuyn ph qua th ATM hoc bng th in thoi.
Mi chi tit lin h ti a ch fb: https://www.facebook.com/donghuu.lee
Ad min FC HA HC VNG CAO 2017
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DongHuuLee

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