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Cuadernillo de datos
Programa del Diploma
4027a
ndice
Constantes fundamentales 1
Factores de conversin 3
Constantes fundamentales
1 1
Constante de los gases R ,
12
Permitividad del vaco 0 8,85 10 C2 1
m 2
7 1
Permeabilidad del vaco 0 4 10
27 2
Masa en reposo del protn m 1,673 10 kg 1,007276 u 938 MeV c
27 2
Masa en reposo del neutrn m 1,675 10 kg 1,008665 u 940 MeV c
27 2
Unidad de masa atmica u 1,661 10 kg 931,5 MeV c
unificada
tera T 1012
giga G 109
mega M 106
kilo k 103
hecto h 102
deca da 101
deci d 101
centi c 102
milli m 103
micro 106
nano n 109
pico p 1012
femto f 1015
Factores de conversin
180
1 radin (rad) =
5
1 atm = 1,0110 N m2 = 101 kPa = 760 mm Hg
pila batera
interruptor ampermetro A
resistor potencimetro
resistores termistor
dependientes de la
luz (LDR)
amplificador V
Vs
operacional (AO) V
Si y = a b
entonces y = a + b
ab
Si y =
c
y a b c
entonces = + +
y a b c
AV A
AH
AH = A cos
A V = A sen
Tema 2: Mecnica
u +v
s= t
2
s = ut + 12 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
F = ma
p = mv
p
F=
t
Impulso = Ft = mv
W = Fs cos
EC = 12 mv 2
p2
EC =
2m
EP = mg h
potencia = Fv
v 2 42 r
a= = 2
r T
F PV = nRT
P=
A W = P V
Q = mcT Q = U + W
Q = mL
2 v
= f = f
T fuente en movimiento
v uf
x = x0 sen t ; x = x0 cos t
v uo
f= f observador en movimiento
v = v0 cos t ; v = v0 sen t v
v = ( x0 2 x 2 ) v
f = f
c
E C = 12 m2 ( x0 2 x 2 )
=
E C(mx) = 12 m2 x02 b
E T = 12 m 2 x 02 = 1,22
b
v = f
I = I 0 cos2
n1 sen2 v 2
= = n = tan
n2 sen1 v 1
diferencia de caminos = n
diferencia de caminos = (n + 12 )
7HPDVWURQFDOHV 7HPDVDGLFLRQDOHVGHO1LYHO6XSHULRU
Ve 12 mv 2 = BAcos
q = Bvl
I=
t
= N t
V
R=
I I s Vp N p
= =
L I p Vs Ns
R=
A
I0
2 I rcm =
V 2
P = VI = I 2 R =
R
V0
V rcm =
= I (R + r) 2
R = R1 + R2+ V0 Vrcm
R= =
I 0 I rcm
1 1 1
= + + Pmx = I0V 0
R R1 R2
Pm = 12 I 0V0
m1m2 q 1q 2 E p E p
F =G F =k V = V =
r2 r2 m q
F F
g= E= Gm kq q
m q V = V= =
r r 4 0 r
q1 q2 V V
F= g= E=
40r 2 r x
F = qvB sen
F = BILsen
hf = + Emx
hf = hf 0 + eV
h
p=
n 2h2
EC =
8me L2
h
x p
4
h
E t
4
N = N0e t
N
A=
t
A = N = N0e t
ln 2
T=
1
2
potencia = 12 A v 3
potencia por
unidad de longitud = 1
2
A2 gv
potencia
I=
A
potencia dispersada total
albedo =
potencia incidente total
Q
Cs =
AT
potencia = AT 4
potencia = e AT 4
T =
( I e Is ) t
Cs
v
f= f fuente en movimiento =
b
v uf
v uo observador en movimiento
= 1,22
f= f b
v
I = I 0 cos 2
v
f = f
c n = tan
E = hf h
E t
4
hf = + E mx
N = N0e t
hf = hf 0 + eV
N
h A=
p= t
A = N = N0e t
n 2h2
EC =
8me L2 ln 2
T=1
h
2
x p
4
RF
G=
R
RF
G = 1+
R
1 h
= E t
v2 4
1
c2 h
R
4mc
t = t 0
E = hf
L0
L=
Opcin E: Astrofsica
1 v = H 0d
d (parsec) =
p (segundo de arco)
L
b=
4d 2
d
m M = 5 lg
10
Opcin F: Comunicaciones
1 RF
n= G=
sen C R
I1 RF
atenuacin / dB = 10 lg G = 1+
I2 R
1 1 1 hc
= + mn =
f v u eV
1 2d sen = n
P=
f 2nt = m
hi v i 2nt = ( m + 12 )
m= = M =
ho u o
2 nt cos = m
f
M = ob 2nt cos = (m + 12 )
foc
D D
m= +1 m=
f f
D
s=
d
n
sen =
d
x n
=
D d
x
= (n + 12 )
D d
d sen = n
Opcin H: Relatividad
1 EC = ( 1) m0 c2
=
v2
1
c2
E 2 = p 2c 2 + m20c4
t = t 0
L0 f gh
L= = 2
f c
ux v
ux =
uv 2GM
1 x2 Rs =
c c2
E0 = m0 c2 t0
t =
R
1 s
E = m0c 2 r
p = m0u
I 12
IL = 10 lg donde I0= 1,010 Wm 2 Z = c
I0
1 1 1
x = +
I = I 0e TE TP TB
x = ln 2
1
2
h 2 2 2 2
Ea = 2Mc E+ (Mc ) + (mc )
2 2
E t
4
h
h =
R p
4mc
EC = 32 kT
E = hf
E = mc 2 + E C