HDSD Excel 2010 PDF

T hc
Microsoft
Excel 2010
Trang 1
Mc lc Excel 2010
I. NHNG IM MI TRONG MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010 .......................................... 8
Chc nng Backstage View ..................................................................................................... 8
Thm tnh nng Sparkline ........................................................................................................ 9
Tnh nng Slicers ................................................................................................................... 10
nh dng d liu c iu kin .............................................................................................. 10
PivotTables v PivotCharts .................................................................................................... 12
Share Workbook .................................................................................................................... 13
II. NI DUNG CHNH ....................................................................................................... 14
CHNG 1: LM QUEN VI MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010 ............................................ 14
1.1 Gii thiu Excel ............................................................................................................... 14
Excel l g: .................................................................................................................. 14
Ribbon l g? ............................................................................................................... 17
S dng menu l i t t (shortcut menu)......................................................................... 18
1.2 M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s ............................................................ 19
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel ................................................................................... 19
Thu nh ca s Excel .................................................................................................. 20
Phng to ca s Excel ................................................................................................. 20
Thot khi Excel ......................................................................................................... 20
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng ............................................................................................ 20
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) ............................................................................ 20
Chn vng ................................................................................................................... 21
Sao chp v di chuyn vng........................................................................................ 21
Dn c bit (Paste Special) ....................................................................................... 22
t tn vng ................................................................................................................ 24
Thm ch thch cho .................................................................................................. 24
Chn, xa , dng v ct ............................................................................................. 25
Trang 2
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng ..................................................................... 27
Ni (Merge) v tch cc (Split) ............................................................................... 29
Ni nhiu thnh mt .............................................................................................. 29
Tch mt ni thnh nhiu ................................................................................. 29
1.4. Di chuyn trong s lam vi c v s dng phm tt ................................................... 29
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang ............................................................................ 29
Thanh Tab trang tin h ................................................................................................... 30
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn .................................................................. 30
1.5 Thao tc vi s lam vi c ........................................................................................... 32
To mi s lam vi c .................................................................................................... 32
M s lam vi c c sn trn a ................................................................................... 32
Lu s lam vi c ........................................................................................................... 33
ng s lam vi c ........................................................................................................ 35
Sp xp s lam vi c..................................................................................................... 35
1.6. Thao tc vi trang tinh ............................................................................................. 36
Xa trang tin h ............................................................................................................. 37
Sp xp th t cc trang tinh ...................................................................................... 37
Sao chp trang tin h...................................................................................................... 38
Chn mu cho tab trang tinh ....................................................................................... 38
n/ Hin trang tin h ..................................................................................................... 39
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc ............................................... 39
S dng thanh Zoom ................................................................................................... 40
Xem v so snh trang tinh trong nhiu ca s ............................................................ 40
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu .................................. 40
S dng Watch Window ............................................................................................. 42
CHNG 2: LM VIC VI D LIU TRONG EXCEL 2010 ....................................... 43
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh ............................................................................................... 43
Trang 3
Nhp liu ..................................................................................................................... 43
Nhp cc k t c bit ............................................................................................... 44
Nhp ln c sn ni dung .................................................................................... 45
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu ............................................................................. 46
2.2. nh dng ................................................................................................................ 49
nh dng chung ......................................................................................................... 49
T ng nh dng c iu kin ................................................................................. 57
Bng v nh dng bng (table) .................................................................................. 58
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) ................................................ 59
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu ............................................................................................. 60
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu............................................................................................... 61
CHNG 3 : GII THIU V S DNG CC HM ..................................................... 64
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: ........................................................................................... 64
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) .................................................................................. 64
Gii thiu hm (Function)........................................................................................... 66
Nhp cng thc v hm .............................................................................................. 67
Tham chiu trong cng thc ....................................................................................... 69
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) ......................................................................... 71
3.2 Cc hm trong Excel ........................................................................................................ 72
a. Nhm hm v thng k ........................................................................................... 72
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut ........................................................................... 74
c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh .................................................... 76
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions ................................................................. 77
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch ............................... 81
f. Hm ton hc v lng gic .................................................................................... 96
g. Hm x l vn bn v d liu ............................................................................... 109
CHNG 4: KHAI THC C S D LIU ................................................................... 126
Trang 4
4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) ......................................................................................... 126
Sp xp ...................................................................................................................... 126
Lc d liu ................................................................................................................ 127
4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart ............................................................................................... 128
4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart ................................................................... 128
To mt bo co PivotTable n gin ...................................................................... 128
4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable .............................................................. 143
4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable........................... 155
CHNG 5: TH TRONG EXCEL ............................................................................. 166
5.1 Gii thiu th ............................................................................................................. 166
5.2. V th ........................................................................................................................ 166
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th ................................................................................................. 170
a. Nh n bi t cac thanh ph n trn thi .....................................................................

170
Cc thnh phn thng dng....................................................................................... 170
M t s thanh ph n chi co trong thi 3-D ............................................................... 170
b. Cc thao tc vi th .......................................................................................... 171
Chn thnh phn trn th ...................................................................................... 171
Di chuyn thi ........................................................................................................

171
Sao chp thi ..........................................................................................................

172
Xa thi ..................................................................................................................
172
Thm cac thanh ph n ca thi ...............................................................................

172
Sp xp va xa cac thanh ph n ca thi ................................................................

172
In thi .....................................................................................................................
172
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th ............................................................................. 173
Hiu chnh Chart Area .............................................................................................. 173
Hiu chnh Flot Area ................................................................................................. 174
Hiu chnh tiu thi, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung, .................. 174
Trang 5
Hiu chnh ng li ngang va do c ........................................................................ 175
d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th ........................................................... 179
Xa bt mt chui s liu khi thi.......................................................................

179
Thm chui mi vao thi .......................................................................................

180
Thay i chui s liu ............................................................................................... 181
Thm ng xu hng vao th ............................................................................. 183
CHNG 6: NH DNG TRANG V IN BNG TNH ............................................... 185
6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel ........................................................................... 185
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in ..................................................................................... 185
6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print ................................................................................. 190
6.4. Cc lu khc .............................................................................................................. 192
CHNG 7: LM VIC VI MACRO, TEMPLATES ................................................... 193
7.1 Macro ............................................................................................................................. 193
Ghi mt Macro .......................................................................................................... 193
Thc thi Macro ......................................................................................................... 194
CHNG 8: PHM TT V TH THUT ...................................................................... 196
8.1 Phm Tt ......................................................................................................................... 196
a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm............................................................................... 196
b. Phm tt ..................................................................................................................... 196
8.2 Th thut ........................................................................................................................ 199
Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch) .................................................................. 199
Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip ............................................................................ 204
1. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc ......................................................... 205
S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Trang tin h khc ......... 210
iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox. ..................................................... 213
nh du nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting................................ 218
S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mun. .......... 219
Trang 6
Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc. ............................................................ 220
Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel ................................................................................ 223
Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel .............................................. 226
To mc lc trong Excel ............................................................................................... 227
Trang 7
Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010
I. NHNG IM MI TRONG MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010
Chc nng Backstage View

Giao din Ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi Office 2010.
Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr s dng
cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.
Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu,
kch c t p...
Trang 8
Thm tnh nng Sparkline
Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu hng. Vi

Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi - Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho
php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong
mt (cell). Sparklines l cch nhanh nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin
th vo mt cell.
Sparkline l cch hu ich thm mt yu t trc quan nhanh v gn.
Trang 9
Tnh nng Slicers

Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch d liu ca
bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhn trc quan thng qua s lng ln
d liu.
V d, bn c th s dng Slicers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th nhanh chng

tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan
Khi d liu trong bng tr xoay (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.
nh dng d liu c iu kin

Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhiu kiu nh dng v icons v kh nng t
sng ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht .. vi ch 1 c b m chut
y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. Nu bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu khc
nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt trch v lc d
liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra
khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh xc d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu
kin nh sn. Thc hin nh sau: qut chn mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi, sau
bm nt Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty chn:
Trang 10
Kiu nh gi sng lc:
Kiu nh gi ny s sng lc d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi trch ring
ra ngoi nh cc phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh thc hin sng lc ti ch bng
cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. Sau y l
hai nhm quy lut chnh:
Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong cc iu kin: Greater Than... (ln

hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so snh no , Between (gia 2 gi
tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung
thi gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau).
Khi bn chn xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp

gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so snh . Xong, bn bm
OK chng trnh thc thi trong bng tnh.
- Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm cc iu kin: Top 10 Items (nh du 10 c gi

tr ln nht), Top 10% (nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t vi Bottom 10
Items v Bottom 10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca
ct/hng), Below Average ( c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn
chn nh gi theo d liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s
cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20, Top 10% hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh,
sau bm OK hon tt.
Kiu nh gi hin th mc :
- Data Bars: bn bm chn kiu nh gi ny, chn mt mu ng trong menu hin ra.
Khi , trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc d liu gip
bn d dng so snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng
di th s liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp.
- Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng

vi mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi chn nhm Color Scales, bn
hy chn mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng
ln vng chn ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch chn
Color Scales > More Rules.
Trang 11
- Icon Sets: bm chn Icon Sets, chn mt nhm biu tng mong mun, chng trnh s
t ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn trc quan v
bng tnh.
- V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v

du biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu tng ng vi
mt mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng
ang so snh v tin hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m
t c so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng.
Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch chn More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets.
Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut
nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt
mt thi gian. Tt nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y
cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc nh dng chn, xa chng m khng mt d
liu, bn bm Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, chn mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear
Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct chn), Entire Sheet (xa trong c trang tin h ),
This Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l).
C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to

ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa hc v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao,
giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng lc d liu chun xc v c o. Chc
chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh
ton trong Excel.
PivotTables v PivotCharts
Ging nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c thc hin mt cch d dng trong giao din
mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic lc c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to
mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc menu ni dung c cung cp bn
c th phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng
ca biu hoc cc thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th thc hin cho
cc biu thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng
c duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo cch m
n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y.
Trang 12
Share Workbook
Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint: cung cp cc cng c qun l ni

dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng cao nng sut lm vic
nhm.
Trang 13
Chng 1. Lam quen vi Microsoft Excel 2010
II. NI DUNG CHNH
CHNG 1: LM QUEN VI MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010
1.1 Gii thiu Excel

Excel l g:
Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, khi chy chng trnh
ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh gip ta d dng hn trong vic thc hin:
Tnh ton i s, phn tch d liu
Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch
Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau
V th v cc s
T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro
V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc
nhau.
Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook (s lm vic) l mt t p m trn bn lm vic

(tnh ton, v th,) v lu tr d liu. V mi s lam vi c c th cha nhiu sheet
(trang tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau
ch trong mt t p (file). Mt s lam vi c cha rt nhiu trang tnh (worksheet) hay trang
biu (chart sheet) ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn.
Worksheet: Cn gi tt l sheet (trang tnh), l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn
c gi l bng tnh. Mt trang tin h cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh cc
ct v cc dng. Trang tin h c cha trong s lam vi c . Mt Trang tin h cha c
16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng).
Chart sheet: Cng l mt trang tin h trong s lam vi c, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt
chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mun xem ring l tng th.
Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc trang tinh s th hin trn cc tab t ti gc tri di ca ca s
s lam vi c. di chuyn t trang tinh ny sang trang tinh khc ta ch vic b m chut vo
tn trang tin h cn n trong thanh tab trang tin h.
Trang 14
Cc thnh phn ca S lam vi c
Excel 2010 dng nh dng t p mc nh l .XLSX (da trn chun XML gip vic trao
i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l
.XLS.
Giao din Excel
Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh thng hay s dng nh to t p mi, m t p, lu

t p, v danh mc cc t p m trc . Nt lnh Office ging nh menu File ca
cc phin bn trc.
Trang 15
Chng ta c th ty bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s
dng nht. Bm vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln

thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Nu cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th bm chn
More Commands m ca s ty bin thanh lnh truy cp nhanh.
Cc lnh trong menu Office
Trang 16
Bng la chn lnh truy cp nhanh
Hp thoi ty bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh
Ribbon l g?
Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh menu truyn
thng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh gi l Ribbon.
Trang 17
C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View,
Developer, Add-Ins.
Thanh cng c Ribbon
Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic

nh: ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng
hoc ct, sp xp, tm kim, lc d liu,
Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k
hiu,
Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thit lp in n.
Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range), cng c kim tra theo di cng
thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.
Data: Cc nt lnh trao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch
d liu,
Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc
thit lp bo v bng tnh.
View: Thit lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn
hnh,
Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin,
nhng ngi c hiu bit v VBA. m nhm ny bm vo nt Office Excel
Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon.
Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt t p c s dng cc tin ch b sung,
cc hm b sung,
S dng menu lo i t t (shortcut menu)
Khi mun thc hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh
v) trong bng tnh, bn hy b m chut phi ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh menu
hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn chn.
Trang 18
Menu li tt
1.2 M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s

1.2.1. M Excel
Thao tc:
B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows b m chut vo nt Start gc di bn tri
B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi chn
Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li.
B3. B m chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel.
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel
Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel
Trang 19
Thu nh ca s Excel
Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang m to Bm chut vo nt gc trn

cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu gn li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh
Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start.
Phng to ca s Excel
Thao tc: Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh
B m chut vo biu tng thu gn ca Excel trn thanh Taskbar bn

pha di mn hnh
Thot khi Excel
Thao tc:
B m chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot
Excel bng cch bm nt Office chn Exit Excel.
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)
a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng

trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc
di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c
xc nh l <tn ct>:<tn ct> (v d ct A th c xc nh ngn gn l A:A) v <s
dng>:<s dng> (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4).
V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11,

vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2
v cui ca vng l H12.
Trang 20
a ch v vng
Chn vng
Nu dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca
vng cn chn, sau gi tri chut ko xung di qua phi n v tr cui cng ca vng
v th chut. Nu dng phm th sau khi chn u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi bm
phm v n cui ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l
chn cui ca vng trc v ko chn n u tin).
Khi mun chn c trang tin h hin hnh th bm <Ctrl+A>, cn mun chn c s lam vi c
(ngha l chn tt c cc trang tinh) th b m phi chut ln tab trang tinh v chn Select All
Sheets.
So chp v di chuyn vng
Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d

liu gc cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu gc s c di
di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn phi chn vng cn sao chp hay
di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut thc hin:
Dng Ribbon: Chn vng Home nhm Clipboard bm nt hay
(Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard bm nt (Paste). Bn

c th gi cc lnh trn t menu l i t t b m phi chut.
Trang 21
Chut: Chn vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl nu l sao chp (khng gi
thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) di chuyn chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di
chuyn n v th chut.
Dn c bit (Paste Special)
Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh
vo vi mt s chn lc no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste
Special Sau khi chn vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v b m phi chut,
chn lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s la chn nh bng sau:
Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special
Hng mc M t
All Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun
Formulas Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng
Values Ch dn gi tr v kt qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng
Trang 22
Hng mc M t
Formats Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc
Comments Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tri v cng thc
Validation Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc thc d liu cho vng ch
All using source theme Dn vo mi th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun
All except borders Dn vo mi th v loi b cc khung vin
Column widths Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct
Formulas and number Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s,

formats cc nh dng khc b loi b.
Values and number Dn vo gi tr, kt qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca

formats cc con s.
None Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo
Add Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch
Subtract Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca

vng ngun.
Multiply Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca

vng ngun.
Divide Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca

vng ngun
Skip blanks Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng

ch
Transpose Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li
Paste Link Dn vo v tham chiu ch n ngun
Trang 23
t tn vng
Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao tc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c

gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch n thun, t tn
gip vic tham chiu tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay chn cc vng c t tn
rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5)... Tn di ti a 255 k t khng cha
khong trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s, tn khng
c t ging cc a ch tham chiu. t tn trc tin ta chn vng cn t tn
chn nhm Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name
hin ra. y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name chn Scope, nhp ch thch nu cn,
xong th bm OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn trc tip t hp Name box hoc t tn cho
vng chn t Formulas Defined Names Create from Selection hoc dng menu l i
t t.
Mun m hp thoi qun l cc tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined Names

Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng tin cho cc tn
hin hoc xa tn ca cc vng khng dng n,
Thm ch thch cho
Thm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r
rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn chn nhm Review Comments New
Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th b m phi chut ln cn ch thch
v chn Insert Comment.
c ch thch ch cn di chuyn chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review

Comments Next hay Previous.
Trang 24
n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/ hin tt

c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang chn).
Hiu chnh ch thch vo chn cn hiu chnh ch thch Review Comments

Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th b m phi chut v chn Edit Comment t
menu l i t t.
Xa ch thch vo chn cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete. Hoc

b m phi chut v chn Delete Comment.
Minh ha cho hin cc ch thch
Chn, xa , dng v ct
Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong trang tin
h
v dch chuyn cc ang chn qua phi hoc xung di. Tng t, ta c th chn thm cc
dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct.
Chn trng
B1. Chn cc m bn mun chn cc trng vo (mun chn cc khng lin tc th

gi Ctrl trong khi chn cc ).
B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Chn la chn ph
hp trong hp thoi Insert
Trang 25
Chn dng
B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s dng tng
ng pha trn cc dng ny.
B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows
Minh ha chn cc dng trng ln trn cc dng ang chn
Chn ct
B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s ct tng ng
pha bn tri cc ct ny.
B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns
Xa cc , dng v ct
B1. Chn cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa
B2. Chn Home Cells Delete chn kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)
Trang 26
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng
Trong trang tin h ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin

th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi rng l 0 th ct c n
i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im
(point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0
th dng b n i. Cc bc iu chnh dng ct:
B1. Chn dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng
B2. Chn Home Cells Format Chn lnh ph hp
Row Height chn lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng
AutoFit Row Height chn lnh ny Excel s t cn chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi
ni dung.
Column Width chn lnh ny qui nh rng ct
AutoFit Column Width chn lnh ny Excel s t cn chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi

ni dung.
Default Width chn lnh ny khi bn mun qui nh li rng mc nh cho trang tinh
hay c s lam vi c. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c trang tin h hay c
s lam vi c bng cch chn c trang tinh hay c s lam vi c trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi
cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc
nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy di chuyn chut n pha bn phi tiu ct
cho xut hin k hiu v di chuyn chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim
rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy di chuyn chut n bn di
Trang 27
s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v di chuyn chut ln trn gim hoc di chuyn
xung di tng chiu cao dng.
Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c trang tinh hay c s lam vi c bng
cch chn c trang tin h hay c s lam vi c trc khi thc hin lnh.
Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao
tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy di chuyn chut n pha bn phi tiu
ct cho xut hin k hiu (mi tn hai chiu ngang) v di chuyn chut v bn phi
tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng
no hy di chuyn chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu (mi tn hai

chiu dc) v di chuyn chut ln trn gim hoc di chuyn xung di tng chiu cao
dng.
Trang 28
Ni (Merge) v tch cc (Split)
Ni nhiu thnh mt
Khi ni nhiu thnh mt , nu tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn ht d liu

ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li,
d liu ca cc khc s b xa.
B1. Chn cc cn ni li.
B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Merge & Center. cn chnh d liu trong
dng cc nt cn chnh trong nhm Alignment.
Tch mt ni thnh nhiu
Sau khi chuyn ni v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri.
B1. Chn ang b ni.
B2. Chn Home Alignment chn li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u
c.
1.4. Di chuyn trong s lam vic v s dng phm tt
Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang, tab trang
tnh, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc trang tin h hay i n cc ni bt k
trong bng tnh.
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang
Thanh cun dc v thanh cun ngang c gi chung l cc thanh cun (scroll bars). Bi v
mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang hi n hoa t, nn ta
Trang 29
phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun
ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh.
Thanh cun dc l thanh di nht, nm dc bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln

v mi tn xung; gia c thanh trt cun mn hnh ln xung.
Thanh cun ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh
dng ging thanh cun dc, ch khc l nm ngang.
Thanh cun ngang
Thao tc:
B m chut vo mi tn sang tri cun mn hnh i sang tri.

B m chut vo mi tn sang phi cun mn hnh sang phi.
Thanh Tb trng tinh
di chuyn qua li gia cc trang tinh ta b m chut ln tn ca trang tinh trn thanh tab
trang ti nh. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng <Ctrl + Page Up> di chuyn n trang tinh lin
trc trang tin h hin hnh v <Ctrl+Page Down> di chuyn n trang tin h lin sau trang
tnh hin hnh. tr v trang tin h u tin bn b m chut v nt trn thanh tab trang
tnh v n trang tinh cui cng th bn b m chut vo nt trn thanh tab trang tinh .
Nu mun n mt trang tinh no trong trng hp c qu nhiu trang tinh th bn hy
b m phi chut vo thanh v chn tn trang tin h cn n.
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn
n c ni cn thit trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cun cc thanh cun ngang
v dc, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn di gip di chuyn
c nhanh hn.
Trang 30
Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh
Bm phm Di chuyn
hoc Tab Sang bn phi
hoc Shift + Tab Sang bn tri
Ln dng
Xung dng
Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh
Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong trang tin h
Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong trang tinh
Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh
Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mn hnh
Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh
Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh
F5 M hp thoi Go To
End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng
End + hoc Ctrl + n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng
End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng
End + hoc Ctrl + Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng
Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n trang tinh pha trc trang tinh hin hnh
Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n trang tin h pha sau trang tin h hin hnh
Trang 31
1.5 Thao tc vi s lam vic
To mi so l m vie c
Chn nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu la
chn to s lam vi c nh: s lam vi c trng, s lam vi c theo mu dng sn, s lam vi c
da trn mt s lam vi c c. to s lam vi c trng, bn chn Blank workbook v b m
nt Create.
M so l m vie c c sn trn a
Mt t p c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch:
1. Chn nt Office chn tn t p trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c ti a 50

tn t p c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th bm vo nt
Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show this number of
Recent Documents ).
2. Dng trnh qun l t p nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr t p v b m chut hai
ln ln tn t p.
3. Chn nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng ta phi
tm n ni lu tr t p (ti Look In) v chn tn t p cn m sau bm nt Open m
Trang 32
t p. Cc ty chn ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open

Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca t p v
m ra), Open in Browser (M t p bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open and Repair
(Rt hu dng trong trng hp t p b li).
Lu so l m vie c
Mt iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh thc hin lnh lu li cng

vic thc hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng tn nhiu thi gian nhng nu
my b hng hay mt in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton
cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng thc hin lnh lu theo
thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn
chn nt Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du chn vo Save
AutoRecover information every minutes.
Mt s cch lu s lam vi c:
1. Chn nt Office Save
2. B m chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar).

3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+S> hoc <Shift+F12>.
Trang 33
Nu t p c lu trc ri th Excel s lu tip cc phn cp nht, cn nu l t p c

ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy chn ni
lu tr t p (ti Look In) v t tn cho t p ti hp File name, chn kiu t p ti Save as type
v sau bm nt Save lu tr.
Minh ha lu t p
Qui tc t tn: t tn t p Excel dng chung qui tc t tn t p ca Windows. Tn

t p c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn t p khng
c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > |
bo mt t p, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bit mt m mi

c php m t p (tr nhng cch t o!).
B1. Bm nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra.
B2. Bm nt Tools chn General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra
B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh s lam vi c (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo

mt). Sau bm nt OK
B4. Xc nhn li mt m m s lam vi c. Sau bm nt OK
B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh s lam vi c. Sau bm nt OK
B6. Bm nt Save hon tt.
Trang 34
Dng mt m bo v s lam vi c
Cc ty chn trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk
trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m s lam vi c), Password to modify
(mt m cp nht ni dung s lam vi c ), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch
c).
ng so l m vie c
Mt s cch ng s lam vi c:
1. Chn nt Office Close
2. Dng chut chn nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+F4> hoc <Ctrl+W>. Nu s lam vi c c s thay i ni dung th

Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i .
Sp xp so l m vie c
Ch m nhiu s lam vi c cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn sp xp li:
di chuyn chut bm vo nhm lnh View chn nt Arrange All Chn kiu b tr
thch hp.
Trang 35
Sp xp cc s lam vi c trong ca s Excel
1.6. Thao tc vi trang tinh
Chn thm trang tin

h mi vo s lam vi c
C nhiu cch thc hin:
1. Bm vo nt trn thanh tab trang tin h
2. Dng t hp phm <Shift+F11> chn trang tinh mi vo trc trang tinh hin hnh.
3. Bm chn nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet
4. B m phi chut ln thanh tab trang tin h v chn Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, chn
Worksheet v bm nt OK. Trang tin h mi s chn vo trc trang tin h hin hnh.
Trang 36
Minh ha chn trang tinh mi
i tn trang tinh
B m phi chut ln tn trang tinh cn i tn thanh tab trang tinh , chn Rename, g tn
mi vo, xong bm phm Enter. Tn trang tinh c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong
trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \ ? *
X trng tinh
Mun xa trang tin h, bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Chn trang tin h mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete
Delete sheet
2. B m phi chut ln tn trang tin h mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa OK.
Sp xp th t cc trang ti nh
C nhiu cch thc hin sp xp trang tin h nh:
1. B m tri chut ln tn trang tin h cn sp xp v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th

chut.
2. Khi c qu nhiu trang tin h th dng cch ny, b m phi chut ln tn trang tin h cn
sp xp, chn Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy b m chn ln
Trang 37
tn trang tinh trong danh sch m bn mun di chuyn trang tin h n trc n, sau
bm OK.
So chp trng tinh
B m phi chut ln trang tin h, chn Move or Copychn v tr t bn sao trong vng
Before sheet nh du chn vo hp Creat a copy bm nt OK. Ngoi ra sao
chp nhanh bn bm gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut chn ln tn trang tinh cn sao chp
gi tri chut di chuyn n v tr t bn sao trn thanh tab trang tinh th tri
chut.
sao chp nhiu trang tin h cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi chn nhiu trang tin
h
trc khi thc hin lnh. chn c nhiu trang tin h bn hy gi phm <Ctrl + b m
chut> chn trang tinh.
chp mt hay nhiu trang tin h sang mt s lam vi c khc, bn hy m s lam vi c

sau thc hin lnh Move or Copy v nh chn tn s lam vi c ch ti To book (nu
chn s lam vi c ch (new book) th s sao chp cc trang tinh n mt s lam vi c mi).
Chn mu cho tb trng tinh
Vic t mu gip qun l thanh tab trang tinh c tt hn. t mu cho cc tab trang tinh
bn ch cn b m phi chut ln tn trang tin h cn t mu, tip theo chn Tab Color v chn
mu thch hp.
Trang 38
n/ Hin trng tinh
Khi bn khng mun ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu trang tinh no th bn c th n n i.
Khng th n ht cc trang tin h trong s lam vi c m phi cn li t nht mt trang tin h khng
b n. Mun n trang tin h bn ch cn b m phi chut ln tn trang tin h mun n v chn
Hide th l trang tin h c n. Khi mun cho hin tr li mt trang tin h , bn b m phi
chut ln thanh Tab trang tinh v chn Unhide sau chn tn trang tinh cn cho hin v
bm nt OK.
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc
Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s
c c gc nhn tt hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt trang tin h di nhiu gc
Trang 39
khc nhau, hoc chia ca s trang tin h thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chiu, hay gi c
nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cun cc thanh cun,
S dng thanh Zoom
Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng
tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng
to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th bm vo nt du cng cn thu nh th
bm vo nt du tr.
Thanh Zoom
Xem v so snh trng tinh trong nhiu ca s
Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mun xem mt trang tin h hay cc trang tin h trong
cng mt s lam vi c di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn bn xem s c gn
thm ch s pha sau tn t p. Chn nhm View Window New Window
so snh hai trang tin h th sau khi lm bc trn bn chn tip nhm View Window
View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cun thanh cun ca s ny th
ca s kia cng c cun theo. tt tnh nng cun ng thi ny bn vo View
Window Synchronous Scrolling (nu n ang bt).
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu
Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh ton cn phi
thc hin nhiu vic tham chiu. chia ca s bng tnh: t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia
Trang 40
trn bng tnh, sau chn View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th bm nt
Split li mt ln na hoc b m chut 2 ln ln ng chia dc v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca
cc thanh cun dc v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi di chuyn chut ln s c biu tng
(cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v di chuyn ra ni

mun chia trn ca s lm vic ca bng tnh.
Minh ha chia 4, chia 2 dc, chia 2 ngang
Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s

lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta
lun thy c dng tiu mc d cun mn hnh xung pha di nhp liu. c
nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c nh, sau chn View Window
Freeze Panes chn kiu c nh ph hp. Nu chn:
Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh
Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Minh ha c nh cc tiu
b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes
Trang 41
S dng Watch Window
Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di cc trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mun gim st no th
a n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window. Gi ca s Watch Window bn
chn nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window, sau chn cn theo
di v bm vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window.
Ca s Watch Window
Trang 42
Chng 2. Lam vic vi d liu trong Excel 2010
CHNG 2: LM VIC VI D LIU TRONG EXCEL 2010

2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton hc.
Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng
cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.
Nhp liu
Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm
B1. Trn trang tinh, chn cn nhp liu
B2. Nhp vo con s, chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn
B3. Nhp xong bm Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xung di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn
qua phi) kt thc.
Lu :
Nu nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn c n

tng thm chiu rng ct.
Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn.
Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l

Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number chn Text t danh sch).
Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel
Regional and Language Options.
Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-2007. Khi
mun nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+;>. Khi mun dng nh dng ngy mc nh
cho cha ngy th chn v g <Ctrl+Shift+#>.
Khi nhp thi gian v mun nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi
gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, nu khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mun
nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+Shift+;>. Khi mun dng nh dng thi gian mc
nh cho cha thi gian th chn v g <Ctrl+Shift+@>. Mun nhp cng mt ni dung
cho nhiu , bn hy chn cc v nhp liu vo sau bm <Ctrl+Enter>. Ngoi ra cn c
th s dng chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mun nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu
trang tinh, bn hy chn cc trang tinh , sau chn cc trn trang tinh hin hnh, tip
Trang 43
theo nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b nhp ln cc c d liu). b chn cc trang

tnh th b m phi chut ln thanh tab trang tin h v chn Ungroup Sheets.
V d nhp cc loi d liu
Nhp cc k t c bit
B1. Mun nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin chn v n ni cn chn trong .
B2. Chn Insert nhm Text chn Symbol
B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy chn k t cn, c th i kiu Phng ti hp Font.
B4. Bm nt Insert chn.
V d chn vo
Trang 44
Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng
hy mt lnh va thc hin bn bm chut ln nt hay dng phm <Ctrl+Z>
ang nhp liu vo mun hy th bm phm ESC
phc hi lnh va hy th bm nt hay dng phm <Ctrl+Y>
thc hin li lnh sau cng bm <Ctrl+Y>
Hiu chnh ni dung
Xa ni dung cc
B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu cn xa
B2. Bm Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung cc nh dng ca vn
cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear ( ) v chn

cc lnh:
Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng
Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca
Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng
Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca nu c
Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table)
Nhp ln c sn ni dung
Mun nhp ln cc c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy chn v nhp vo ni dung

mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung va nhp .
Hiu chnh ni dung cc
Mun hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau:
Trang 45
1. B m chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc cc phm mi tn di chuyn

n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt s ni dung sau
nhp vo ni dung mi.
2. Chn cn hiu chnh v bm F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh trn
3. Chn cn hiu chnh, sau b m chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula)
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu
S dng chc nng AutoFill
S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill c sn.

Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh.
Danh sach mt s AutoFill co sn
Cc gi tr khi u Chui sau khi m rng
1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6
9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00
Mon Tue, Wed, Thu
Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
Jan Feb, Mar, Apr
Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan
Jan-99, Apr-99 Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00
15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct
1999, 2000 2001, 2002, 2003
1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...
Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...
Product 1, On backorder Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On backorder,...
Trang 46
Cc gi tr khi u Chui sau khi m rng
Text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,...
1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,...
Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,...
Bn mun in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau:
B1. Chn u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1
B2. Chn tip theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s 2 vo
cha s l trc c c s l k tip).
B3. Chn hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xung du vung nh mu en (Fill handle) gc
di bn phi vng chn cho chut bin thnh du cng mu en.
B4. Gi tri chut di chuyn xung pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.
Khi bn mun in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn
tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Chn hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill
handle v ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xung, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu
thc s c sao chp.
Trang 47
2. Chn cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n,
sau vo Home nhm Editing Fill chn hng ph hp (Down,
Right, Up, Left).
T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular
trong phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel chn Edit
Custom Lists hp thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh
sch trong khung List entries, sau khi nhp xong bm nt Add thm vo Custom
lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca
bn.
Mun xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn chn danh sch v bm nt Delete.
Nu mun hiu chnh danh sch th chn danh sch v hiu chnh trong List
entries, sau khi hiu chnh xong bm nt Add.
S dng chc nng Automatic Completion
Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn ging nhau cc c

nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn
vo nt Office Excel Options chn Tab Advance ti Editing options
Enable AutoComplete for cell values.
S dng chc nng AutoCorrect
AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ting Anh, ngoi ra n cn
gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo
Trang 48
cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo

danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau:
B1. Chn nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options
B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect chn Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng
B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m tc k)
B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m tc k)
B5. Bm nt Add thm vo danh sch
hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai

hp Replace v With, sau bm nt Replace. Mun xa mt mc t trong danh sch th
chn mc t v bm nt Delete.
Minh ha thm m tc k vn v nguyn vn
2.2. nh dng
nh dng chung
Cc nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home

ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, mi khi cn nh dng bn
ch vic bm chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.
Trang 49
nh dng vn bn v s
Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp

vo hp thoi Format Cells: Chn Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells
Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells
nh dng M t
Tab Number
Category Danh sch cc loi nh dng s, gi tr
Sample Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc nh dng bn

chn
Trang 50
nh dng M t
Decimal places Ti a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng Number,

Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific.
Use 1000 Separator (,) Chn ny nu mun c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch p
dng cho dng Number
Negative numbers Chn loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho dng Number v
Currency.
Symbol Chn loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v Accounting
Type Chn kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr, ch p dng cho cc dng Date,
Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom.
Locale (location) Chn loi ngn ng khc p dng nh dng gi tr, ch p dng cho cc
dng Date, Time, v Special.
Tab Alignment
Text alignment C cc la chn dng cn chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc nh

Horizontal Excel cn l tri cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr, cc gi tr lun l v cc
li c cn gia.
Vertical C cc la chn dng cn chnh ni dung theo chiu dc. Mc nh

Excel cn l di cho vn bn.
Indent Tht u cc dng ni dung ca .
Orientation Chn cc hng ca vn bn trong cc .
Degrees t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90
Text control Wrap text Ni dung trong c xung nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v
di ni dung. (xem chi tit phn di)
Shrink to fit Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct
Merge cells Ni cc chn thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn)
Trang 51
nh dng M t
Right-to-left Text Xc nh trnh t c v cn l

direction
Tab Font
Font Chn kiu Phng cho cc , phng mc nh l Calibri
Font style Chn kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Phng ch, kiu mc nh l
Regular.
Size Kch thc phng ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point.
Underline Chn kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None.
Color Chn mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t chn mu)
Normal font Nu chn s loi b cc nh dng Phng khc v tr v dng bnh thng
Effects Strikethrough C thm ng gch ngang vn bn
Superscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn
Subscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y xung di
Preview Xem trc kt qu nh dng bn va chn
Tab Border
Line Chn kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau chn cc nt bn hp

Border k
Presets Chn khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng phn cch gia cc
Color Chn mu cho cc ng k
Border Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh ha dng k cc ng bao cc
Tab Fill
Background Color Chn mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu nn
Trang 52
nh dng M t
(xem chi tit phn di).
More Colors B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu.
Pattern Color Cc mu mu nn
Pattern Style cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc kt qu chn mu v kiu mu ti

Sample
Tab Protection
Locked Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc dng khi trang tin h
c bo v
Hidden n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi trang tinh c bo v (xem

phn sau)
General Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12 s th

nh dng
General chuyn sang dng Scientific
Number Dng nh dng cc con s, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v

qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th
s m.
Currency Dng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th chn du

phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th
chn kiu hin th s m.
Accounting Dng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin t

v gi tr hai ct khc nhau.
Date Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn

Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h
thng (Control Panel).
Time Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn
Trang 53
nh dng M t
Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h

thng (Control Panel).
Percentage nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau kt

qu, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau
du thp phn.
Fraction nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo Type bn chn.
Scientific Hin th con s di dng khoa hc <Con s E+n>. V d, s
12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010.

Bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du
thp phn.
Text nh dng ni dung ging nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s.
Special nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s bo

him
Custom Dng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi cc nh

dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to
ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)
S dng Wrap Text
Khi bn mun on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc
dng <Alt+Enter> xung dng ti v tr mong mun.
B1. Chn cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1
B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Wrap Text ( ). Nu dng khng t ng m

rng l do b thit lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti
Cells Size chn AutoFit Row Height
Xoay ch (Orientation)
B1. Chn cc cn xoay ch A1:D1
Trang 54
B2. Chn Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise
nh dng khung (border)
K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh
v mu tt c ng k l mu .
B1. Chn danh sch cn k khung B2:E18
B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Border, chn mu l Red ( ) ti Color
B4. Chn Style l nt m , sau chn nt Outline ti Preset
B5. Chn Style l nt mnh , sau chn nt Inside ti Preset
B6. Bm OK hon tt
Trang 55
Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect)
B1. Chn vng cn t mu nn B2:E18
B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Fill Chn Fill Effects
B4. Chn cc mu cn phi hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue)
B5. Chn Shading styles l Vertical v chn kiu th 3
B6. Bm OK hai ln hon tt.
Trang 56
T ng nh dng c iu kin.
Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng

rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v b m vo Conditional Formatting trn
Ribbon Home. Khi di chuyn chut trn nhng la chn, bn s thy preview ca n ngay
lp tc. C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi
tr, thm mt thanh d liu trong sut phn nh gi tr ca Cch thc tin hnh ny cho
php n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca
Excel 2003.
Trang 57
Bng v nh dng bng (table)
Excel thit lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu

mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng.
Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thit.
nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng
B1. Chn danh B2:E18
B2. Chn Home nhm Styles chn Format As Table
B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, chn mt trong cc biu mu. V
d chn mu Light s 9
B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln bm OK xc nhn.
to mu mi th ti bc 3 chn New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu

mi v bm Format ty bin biu mu.
Mun xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn
Custom b m phi chut ln biu mu v chn Delete.
Cc ty chn hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh Ribbon
Trang 58
Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch
xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy chn bng, ti Tab Design
vo nhm Table Styles chn More ( ) chn Clear. n lc ny vng chn vn cn l
bng do vy n c cc tnh nng ca bng.
chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th chn bng, sau vo Tab Design, ti nhm
Tools chn Convert to Range.
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes)
Cc mu ti liu dng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v chuyn nghip

v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thit k sn vi nhiu mu, phng ch, hnh
nh, th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ty
bin cc mu ny.
Trang 59
p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo chn nhm Page Layout Themes

Chn mt biu mu t danh sch.
C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors chn li mu, vo Fonts chn li kiu
Phng v vo Effects chn li hiu ng.
Lu bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng.
To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes chn
Colors chn Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes
chn Fonts chn Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi
to.
Khi i kiu mu khc ng lot cc i tng c p dng biu mu thay i nh dng

v khng b thay i ni dung.
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu

tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu:
B m nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home

Chn Find hoc Replace
Trang 60
Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mun tm vo mc Find What (nu
bn chn Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What v t thay
th trong mc Replace with (nu bn chn Replace bc trn).
B m nt Options tm thm cc ty chn
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt
bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
nh du cc mun c sp xp
Trang 61
B m nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home

B m nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp
sp xp nhiu hn mt ct:

Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin
B m Add Level
Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp
B m OK
Lc d liu
B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b

lc:
B m vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc

Trn tab Home, B m Sort & Filter
B m nt Filter
Trang 62
B m vo mi tn pha di u tin
B m Text Filter
B m Words bn mun lc
Bm chut vo y xem nh gc
khng p dng b lc, bm nt Sort & Filter

B m Clear
Trang 63
Chng 3. Gii thiu va s dng cc ham
CHNG 3 : GII THIU V S DNG CC HM
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm:

Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)
Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh
cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu
lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i
v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc
thnh phn g?
Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s kt hp ca

cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm.
V d:
V d v cng thc
Cc ton t trong cng thc
Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu
+ Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6
- Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41
* Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5
/ Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1
^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn

bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2
Trang 64
Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu
& Ni chui =L & Thanh Ni chui L v Thanh li

thnh L Thanh
= Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

FALSE
> Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

FALSE
< Nh hn =A1<B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

TRUE
>= Ln hn hoc =A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

bng FALSE
<= Nh hn hoc =A1<=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

bng TRUE
<> Khc =A1<>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

TRUE
, Du cch cc tham =Sum(A1,B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

chiu 9
: Tham chiu mng =Sum(A1:B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu:

9
khong Tr v cc giao =B1:B6 A3:D3 Tr v gi tr ca

trng gia 2 vng
Trang 65
Th t u tin ca cc ton t
Ton t M t u tin
: (hai chm) (1 khong trng) , (du phy) Ton t tham chiu 1
S m (v d 1) 2
% Phn trm 3
^ Ly tha 4
* v / Nhn v chia 5
+ v Cng v tr 6
& Ni chui 7
= < > <= >= <> So snh 8
Gii thiu hm (Function)
Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc thc hin mt chc nng no .
Vic s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi
tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh
vc, c nhng hm khng yu cu i s, c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s, v
cc i s c th l bt buc hoc t chn.
V d:
=Rand(): hm khng c i s
=If(A1>=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s
=PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn
Trong Excel 2010 c cc hm chnh nh sau:
Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID,
Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue,
Trang 66
Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount,
Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,.
Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct,
Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,
Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa,
Hm lun l: If, And, Or,
Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet,
Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round,
Hm thng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf,
Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,
Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn
sau.
Nhp cng thc v hm
Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp
du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm.
Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc lu khi
lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn
dng n tham chiu.
V d:
Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm
Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc sut chit tnh
10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v nu li sut c thay i th ta
ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn
phi chnh sa li cng thc.
Trang 67
Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t

tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau:
B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV(
B2. Bm F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra
B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK
B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3
B5. Chn DongTien v bm OK
B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du +
B7. B m chut vo B2
B8. Bm phm Enter
Chn tn vng vo cng thc
Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm.
Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon chn nhm Formulas
Function Library -> chn nhm hm -> chn hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th bm vo
nt gi hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm

ny bn ch cn bm vo Help on this function.
Trang 68
Hp thoi Insert Function
Tham chiu trong cng thc
Cc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha cc cng
thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau:
Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta

sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s
ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4
Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di

hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4
Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5

ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.
Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Bm phm

F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
Bm phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh
tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.
Trang 69
Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i
B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g

<Ctrl+D>. Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng
ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca
B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di th a ch cc tnh
ton s t ng thay i theo.
B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14.
Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung
th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton.
B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15.
Lu :
Tham chiu n a ch trang tin h khc nhng cng s lam vi c th c dng
Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:
=A2*Sheet2!A2
=A2*Thong so!B4
Khi tn trang tinh c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n
Tham chiu n a ch trong s lam vi c khc th c dng
[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_.
Trang 70
V d:
=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tn Sheet hay S lam vi c c cha khong trng trong cp nhy n
=A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n s lam vi c khc ma s lam vi c nay khng m
=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n tai nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)
Cc li thng dng
Li Gii thch
#DIV/0! Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng
#NAME? Do nh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy
#N/A Cng thc tham chiu n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca

d liu hoc hm khng c kt qu
#NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn

chung nn phn giao rng
#NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s

dng
#REF! Tham chiu b li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm b xa
#VALUE! Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.
Trang 71
3.2 Cc hm trong Excel

a. Nhm hm v thng k
AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo
trung bnh ca chng. Thng dng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp s liu
AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng
AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c
nhng gi tr logic
AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo
mt iu kin
AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt
mng theo nhiu iu kin
COUNT (value1, value2, ...) : m s trong danh sch
COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) : m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch
COUNTBLANK (range) : m cc rng trong mt vng
COUNTIF (range, criteria) : m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt dy
COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) : m s tha nhiu iu kin cho
trc
DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t trung bnh
mu ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li.
FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) : Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut
hin bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun s dng hm ny
dng cng thc mng
GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s dng.

Thng dng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li kp c cc li bin i c
cho trc...
HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh

cng) ca cc s
KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc
phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun
Trang 72
LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu
MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr
MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc

gi tr logic v text
MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.
MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr
MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc

gi tr logic v text
MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr
PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu
PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong

mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu
PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng.
QUARTILE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong

kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm...
RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s
SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca

phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n
SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s
STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu
STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng
gi tr logic
STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp
STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc
gi tr logic
VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu
VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text
VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp
Trang 73
VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr
logic v text.
TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch
loi t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu.
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut
BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch

ly beta.
BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi

xc sut tch ly beta.
BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative): Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln

th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.
CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn

phi chi-squared.
CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chi-

squared v s bc t do tng ng.
CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt k vng l thuyt
CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh

thc tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng dng bo m cc ng dng t
cht lng...
EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng dng m phng thi
gian gia cc bin c...
FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng
tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng...
FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca phn phi

xc sut F. Thng dng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu
FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng dng xc nh xem

hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng...
Trang 74
FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng dng kim tra gi thuyt da trn
h s tng quan...
FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng dng phn tch mi
tng quan gia cc mng s liu...
GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th dng
nghin cu c phn b lch
GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma.
GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma
HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s

ln thnh cng no ...)
LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly

lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST)
LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong

logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev.
NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr

v xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc
sut khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s)
NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun (normal

distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt
NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun
NORMSDIST (z) : Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard normal cumulative

distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l 1
NORMSINV (probability) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc
POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng dng c tnh s
lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh
PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) : Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy

nm gia hai gii hn
STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi

mean v standard_dev
Trang 75
TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) : Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t),
trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c dng tnh xc sut.
TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student.
TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) : Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student.
WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong
phn tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b.
ZTEST (array, x, sigma) : Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z.
c. Nhm hm v tng qun v hi quy tuyn tnh
CORREL (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi quan h
ca hai c tnh
COVAR (array1, array2) : Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri tnh trung

bnh cc tch s
FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng lai bng
cch s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh
GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo
hm m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c.
INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) : Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y

bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc
LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng
phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi d
liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng.
LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s tnh
ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t ng
cong . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng
PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc
khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia
hai tp s liu
RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r),
thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's
Trang 76
SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua cc

im d liu
STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x

trong hi quy.
TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions
ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calc_method) : Tnh
li tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh k
ACCRINTM (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) : Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon tr li
theo k hn
AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu
hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h
thng k ton theo kiu Php)
AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao
trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php)
COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u k li ti

ngy kt ton
COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy trong k li bao gm c

ngy kt ton
COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti

ngy tnh li k tip
COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh li

k tip k t sau ngy kt ton
COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong

khong t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn
COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy thanh

ton li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton
CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i
vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period
Trang 77
CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr
i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period
DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php
s d gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance method) trong mt khong
thi gian xc nh.
DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng
php s d gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim dn theo mt t l
no , trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng
khon
DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s sang gi

dollar dng thp phn
DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn s sang gi

dollar dng phn s
DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis): Tnh thi hn hiu lc
Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin ti
ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v c dng lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li
nhun ca gi tr tri phiu)
EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut danh
ngha hng nm v tng s k thanh ton li kp mi nm
FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca s u t da trn vic chi tr c nh

theo k v li sut c nh
FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca mt vn ban u sau khi p

dng mt chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr k hn cho mt u t c li sut thay i)
INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) : Tnh li sut cho mt

chng khon u t ton b
IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t da trn vic
chi tr c nh theo k v da trn li sut khng i
IRR (values, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th

hin bi cc tr s
Trang 78
ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) : Tnh s tin li tr ti mt k no i vi mt khon vay

c li sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho k .
MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn

Macauley sa i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100
MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) : Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong mt chui

lun chuyn tin mt theo chu k
NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut danh ngha hng nm, bit trc li sut thc
t v cc k tnh li kp mi nm
NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) : Tnh s k hn tr khon vay trong u t da trn tng
chu k, s tin tr v t sut li tc c nh
NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...) : Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng
t l chit khu vi cc chi khon tr k hn (tr m) v thu nhp (tr dng)
ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency,

basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c k u tin l (ngn
hn hay di hn)
ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency,

basis) : Tr v li nhun ca mt chng khon c k tnh li u tin l l (ngn hn hay di
hn)
ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) :

Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c k tnh li phiu cui cng l
l (ngn hn hay di hn)
ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) :

Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c k cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn)
PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c li sut khng i v
chi tr u n
PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt k hn cho i
vi mt khon u t, trong vic chi tr c thc hin u n theo nh k vi mt li
sut khng i
PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr chng
khon trn ng mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc theo chu k
Trang 79
PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh

gi $100 ca mt chng khon chit khu
PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi
$100 ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton li vo ngy o hn
PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) : Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t
RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) : Tnh li sut mi k trong mt nin kim
REVEICED (settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis) : Tnh s tin nhn c vo

k hn thanh ton cho mt chng khon u t ton b
SLN (cost, salvage, life) : Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng php ng thng) ca mt ti
sn trong mt k
SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) : Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong nh k xc
nh
TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri
phiu kho bc
TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho tri

phiu kho bc
TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) : Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc
VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) : Tnh khu hao ti sn
s dng trong nhiu k
XIRR (values, dates, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt khng
nh k
XNPV (rate, values, dates) : Tnh t gi rng cho mt dy lu ng tin mt khng nh k
YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun i vi
chng khon tr li theo nh k
YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm cho
chng khon chit khu
YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm ca
chng khon tr li vo ngy o hn
Trang 80
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Dnh sch
DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) : Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh

sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) : m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay
cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) : m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch

hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DGET (database, field, criteria) : Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh sch hay c s d

liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh.
DMAX (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay

ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DMIN (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca

mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DRODUCT (database, field, criteria) : Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay

ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DSTDEV (database, field, criteria) : c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu,

bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu,
theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DSTDEVP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc

tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DSUM (database, field, criteria) : Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt

c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DVAR (database, field, criteria) : c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt

mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
DVARP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th
tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
Trang 81
GETPIVOTDATA (data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) : Tr v d liu

c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA ly d liu tng
kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong bo
co .
Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch
Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong danh sch hay c
s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D.
Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, trng v criteria; nhng i s ny l cc tham

chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh.
* database : L mt dy cc to nn danh sch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d liu l mt

danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc trng (field). Dng u tin
trong danh sch lun cha tn trng.
* field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. trng c th c cho dng text vi tn
ct c trong cp du ngoc kp (nh "Age", "Yield"...) hay l s i din cho v tr ca
ct (1, 2, ...)
* criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho phn iu kin

ny, min l dy c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn di tn ct lm iu kin cho
hm (xem thm bi Mt s v d v cch dng Criteria nhp iu kin sau y).
HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN
Mt s lu khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel:
Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng h ngy bt
u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny c din gii theo h
ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows.
H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca Control Panel.
Mc nh l h thng ca M "Thng/Ngy/Nm" (M/d/yyyy). Bn c th sa li thnh h
thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Thng/Nm" (dd/MM/yyyy).
Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui vn bn. Cng

thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li.
=NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng
=TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng
Trang 82
=DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi tr kiu ngy

thng)
=MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D
=YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D
=DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s mt nm

c 360 ngy.
=EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh
=EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh
Hm HOUR() Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = HOUR(serial_number)
serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian
V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi)
Hm MINUTE() Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = MINUTE(serial_number)
V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht)
=MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng.
=NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi tr i ngy

ngh v ngy l.
=NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn.
Hm SECOND()
Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = SECOND(serial_number)
V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy)
Hm TIME() Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no
C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second)
Trang 83
hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s ca

24.
minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s

gi ln tng ng.
second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s

pht, s gi ln tng ng.
V d:
TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM
TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM
TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM
* Cng nh DATE(), hm TIME() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng cng thc
m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh xc hn
Hm TIMEVALUE()
Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c th tnh

ton c
C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text)
time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i
V d:
TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM)
=WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng.
=WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng.
=WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra.
Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny ca mnh
mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v d, mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt
nm chng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian...
Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo thng 5, lng tnh theo nm, vy cng ty
phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic?
Trang 84
Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho php tnh
theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu
u...):
Hm YEARFRAC()
(Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l)
C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])
start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi
gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng
thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.
basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh:
* 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12
thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.
* 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m ri
vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng )
V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm:
YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37%
Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy
Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng coi nh c
30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy!
Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s ngy trong
mi thng u c ging nhau.
C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k ton da

trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAYS360.
Hm DAYS360()
C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method])
Trang 85
start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi
gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng
thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.
method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FALSE) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay theo
kiu M.
* FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca thng,
th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng v start_date
nh hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip.
* TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca
mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng .
V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm c 360
ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF)
DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150
DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149
DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151
Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian
Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l,
ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i
nhng ngy khng lm vic.
Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian
m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh khc c ch nh:
Hm NETWORKDAYS (ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays).
D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh chng

ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc dng!
Hm NETWORKDAYS()
C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays])
start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vic. Nn
nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s
xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.
Trang 86
holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht. Danh sch
ny c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi b trong cp du mc {}.
V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2010 v ngy 10/1/2011, trong c
ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1):
= NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2010", "10/01/2011", {"12/25/2007", "1/1/2011"})
Hm DATEDIF()
C l cch d nht khi mun tnh ton ngy thng nm l dng hm DATEDIF().
C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit)
start_day: Ngy u
end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u)
unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp)
y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm
v s thng
ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s

ngy
yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm
V d:
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)
*Tnh tui (2):
Trang 87
bi trc, a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui di thng nh sau:
= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate),

DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY())
l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF().
By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn chnh xc:
= DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y")
V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007:
* Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri), DATEDIF("05/01/1969",

TODAY(), "y") = 39
* Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht), DATEDIF("11/01/1969",

TODAY(), "y") = 38
*Tm mt gi, pht, giy no tnh t lc ny
Nh ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr thi gian khi

nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, pht v giy > 60). V do , khi cn tnh
ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc ny (hoc bt k lc no), ngi ta
thng s dng hm TIME().
V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc ny:
= TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))
Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay giy trong
hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng thm 1 ngy vo ngy
thng nm v thi gian hin ti:
= NOW() + 1
Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi tnh thi gian
cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt ngy th c 24 gi, nn mt gi
c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th c 60 pht, nn mt pht s c tnh
nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi v c 60 giy trong mt pht, nn 1 giy
trong mt ngy s c tnh bng 1/24/60/60.
*Tnh tng thi gian
Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y:
Trang 88
* Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10 gi... Hoc
by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi 26 gi)... Nu cng
kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME() v nu cn th theo bng hng dn
trn.
* Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti lm my
ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn dng format bnh thng dng thi gian th Excel n s t
quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi nh dng thi gian cho theo
kiu:
[h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung)
Ly li nh dng ngy thng
i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l do g , cell cha ngy

thng nm n nh sau: 20070823, ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD.
Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m bn phi dng
n hm DATE(year, month, day) v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(), MID() v
RIGHT() ly cc tr s ngy, thng, nm cho hm DATE():
Gi s con s 20070823 ny ang nm cell A1, th cng thc LEFT(A1, 4) s cho ta tr s

ca nm, MID(A1, 3, 2) s cho tr s ca thng v RIGHT(A1, 2) s cho tr s ca ngy.
Gi s trong Control Panel ca bn nh dng ngy thng nm theo kiu dd/mm/yyyy, v cell
nhn kt qu ca bn c nh dng theo kiu ngy thng nm, bn dng hm
DATE(year, month, day) vi 3 tham s l 3 cng thc va lm trn, ta s c:
=DATE(LEFT(A1, 4), MID(A1, 5, 2), RIGHT(A1, 2)) 23/8/2007
HM TM KIM V THAM CHIU
Bao gm cc hm tm kim v tham chiu rt hu ch khi bn lm vic vi CSDL ln trong

EXCEL nh k ton, tnh lng, thu...
=ADDRESS(row_num, column_num [, abs_num] [, a1] [, sheet_text]) Dng to a ch

dng chui k t, theo ch s dng v ch s ct c cung cp.
row_num: S th t dng ca a ch
column_num: S th t ct ca a ch
abs_num: Kiu a ch (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc nh l tuyt i
Trang 89
a1: Dng a ch (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc nh l TRUE
sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha a ch - mc nh l khng c
=AREAS(reference) Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng tham chiu
c th l mt ri rc hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh.
reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun a nhiu vng

ri rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du phy, nu khng ngn bng du
phy, Excel s khng m (xem v d 3 di y)
=CHOOSE Tr v gi tr trong mng gi tr ti v tr c ch nh.
=COLUMN(reference) Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham

chiu.
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th COLUMN() tr v s th

t ct ca cha cng thc.
=COLUMNS(array) Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu.
array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu
=HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name) To mt siu lin kt, mt lin kt m mt

ti liu...
link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t. Link_location c th

ch n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh, hoc
ch n mt nh du (bookmark) trong Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng c th ch n
mt t p lu trn cng, hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch hoc mt
ng dn ti nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet.
- Link_location c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt no cha

ng dn di dng chui k t.
- Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li khi bn b m

vo cha hm HYPERLINK() ny.
firendly_name: L ni dung hin th trong cha hm HYPERLINK(), c th l mt s, hoc

chui k t. Ni dung ny s hin th bng mu xanh v c gch chn, nu khng c
firendly_name th chnh link_location s hin th.
Trang 90
- Firendly_name c th l mt gi tr, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt lin kt n

mt gi tr hoc mt chui vn bn.
- Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tr b li, th chnh tn ci li s c hin th

thay th cho ni dung bn cn.
V d:
=HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/bu dget report.xls", "Click for report")
s hin th: Click for report, v khi bn b m vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh budget
report.xls ca trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn b m vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls

th mc GPE ca F
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn b m vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls

th mc GPE ca F
=MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu
=INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n.
Tm kim trong nhiu ct
i khi, cc d liu dng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct.
V d, bn c mt danh sch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct.
Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn xc nh chc v.
Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng c l

khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc mng.
Hm MATCH() c mt c php t ngi bit n, l:
=MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type)
value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn)
array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu dng tm kim
V y l c php dng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng:
Trang 91
{=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))}
=INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1])
ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn nh ngha ca

mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui.
-Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF!
-Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang m, nu
khng, INDIRECT() cng bo li #REF!
a1 l gi tr logic xc nh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text.
a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1
a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1
Tr v gi tr ca mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay tc thi

hin th ni dung ca chng. Cng c th dng hm INDIRECT khi mun thay i tham
chiu ti mt bn trong mt cng thc m khng cn thay i cng thc .
=LOOKUP D tm mt gi tr
Hm LOOKUP
Dng d tm mt gi tr t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc mt mng gi tr.
Hm LOOKUP() c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v Mng (array form)
* Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP() tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy s tr v gi

tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) c ch nh.
* Dng Mng: LOOKUP() tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng gi tr, nu
tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng trong mng .
Vector form (dng vec-t)
C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, result_vector)
lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong lookup_vector. N c th l mt s,

mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu
n mt gi tr.
lookup_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) c cha lookup_value.

Nhng gi tr cha trong vng ny c th l mt s, mt k t hoc mt gi tr logic.
Trang 92
- lookup_vector phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho

kt qu khng chnh xc.
- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht

m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value.
- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s bo li

#NA!
result_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) cha gi tr tr v. Kch

thc ca result_vector bt buc phi bng kch thc ca lookup_vector.
^^ Array form (dng mng)
C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, array)
lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong array. N c th l mt s, mt k t,

mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt
gi tr.
- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong array th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht m nh

hn hoc bng lookup_value.
- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong ct hoc hng u tin trong array th

LOOKUP() s bo li #NA!
array: L mt vng cha lookup_value, c th l s, k t, hoc gi tr logic.
Dng mng ca LOOKUP() gn tng ng nh hm VLOOKUP() hoc HLOOKUP().
Khc bit ch VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() tm kim trn ct (hoc dng) u tin, cn

LOOKUP() tm kim trn ct hoc trn dng ty thuc vo dng mng c khai bo:
- Nu array l mng c s ct nhiu hn s dng th LOOKUP() s tm trn dng u tin.
- Nu array l mng c s dng nhiu hn s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin.
- Trng hp array l mng c s dng bng s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin.
- VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() ly kt qu trn ct (hoc) dng c ch nh, cn

LOOKUP() lun lun ly kt qu trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng.
- Cc gi tr trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca array phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn,
nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc.
Hm GETPIVOTDATA()
Trang 93
Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA()

ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng
kt t trong bo co .
nhanh chng nhp cng thc GETPIVOTDATA(), bn c th g du = vo mun nhn

d liu tng kt, ri b m vo cha s liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable.
C php: = GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...)
data_field : Tn trng cha d liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. Tn ny phi c t

trong mt cp du nhy kp.
pivot_data : Tham chiu n mt , dy , hoc tn dy bn trong mt bo co PivotTable.

Thng tin ny c dng xc nh bo co PivotTable no cha d liu tr v.
field1, item1, field2, item2,... : C th c t 1 n 126 (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s
ny ch l 14) cp tn trng v item m t d liu mun tr v. Nhng cp ny c th thuc
bt c loi no. Nu tn trng v item khng l ngy thng hoc s liu, cn phi t chng
trong cp du nhy kp. i vi loi bo co OLAP PivotTable, items c th bao gm y
ng dn ln tn ca item. Mt cp trng v item ca OLAP PivotTable c th nh sau:
"[Product]","[Product].[All Products].[Foods].[Baked Goods]"
Lu :
* Cc trng hay item tnh ton v cc php tnh t to c th c t trong php tnh
GETPIVOTDATA.
* Nu pivot_table l mt dy c cha nhiu hn 1 bo co PivotTable, d liu tr v s l t

bo co c to ra sau cng.
* Nu i s trng v cc i s ca item m t ch mi mt , gi tr ca s c tr
v m khng cn bit gi tr l chui, l s, l li, hay l mt th g ...
* Nu item cha ngy thng, gi tr phi c biu din di dng mt chui s hoc c
thit lp bng cch dng hm DATE() gi tr s khng bin i khi bng tnh c m
mt my khc, c h thng nh dng ngy thng khc vi ni to ra n. V d, mt item
tham chiu ti ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999 c th c nhp l 36224 hay DATE(1999, 3, 5).
Thi gian c th c nhp nh mt gi tr thp phn hoc bng cch dng hm TIME().
* Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable, GETPIVOTDATA()

s tr v li #REF!
Trang 94
* Nu cc i s miu t mt trng khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm mt trng

khng hin th, GETPIVOTDATA() cng s tr v li #REF!
Hm DGET()
Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch

nh.
C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria)
=OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width]) Tr v mt vng tham chiu t mt vng

xut pht.
y l mt trong nhng hm rt hay ca Excel, v c ng dng rt nhiu.
N dng tham chiu n mt vng no , bt u t mt , hoc mt dy , vi mt

khong cch c ch nh.
reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut pht tham chiu n vng khc.

Reference phi ch n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!
rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu mun di xung,
hoc s m nu mun di ln.
cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu mun di
sang phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri.
height: L s dng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
Ghi ch:
* Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s bo li #REF!
* cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh n bng vi cao v

rng ca vng xut pht (reference)
=ROW(reference) Tr v s th t dng ca u tin trong dy . Tr v s th t dng ca

u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th ROW() tr v s th t ct

ca cha cng thc.
=ROWS(array) Tr v s dng ca vng tham chiu.
Trang 95
array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu
=TRANSPOSE(array) Chuyn mt vng d liu ngang thnh dc v ngc li.
Hm TRANSPOSE() lun lun c nhp dng cng thc mng (bm Ctrl-Shift-Enter sau
khi nhp)
array: L mng d liu cn hon chuyn
Nu s ct trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s hng ca array, hoc s hng trong vng
nhp cng thc nhiu hn s ct ca array, hm s bo li #NA ti nhng b d ra.
=VLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, ct cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr trn ct u

tin v tr v ...
Hm tm kim v tham chiu theo ct.
Vng cn tm: thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $
Ct cn ly: vng cn tm.
Cch tm: Tm theo 2 gi tr:
0: Ct bn tri ca vng cn tm khng sp xp (ngm nh)
1: Sp xp tng dn.
=HLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, hng cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr trn hng
u tin v tr v ... - ging hm VLOOKUP
f. Hm ton hc v lng gic
Bao gm cc hm v ton hc v lng gic gip bn c th gii mt bi ton i s, gii

tch, hoc lng gic t tiu hc n i hc...
Lu n quy cch hin th s ca VN v ca US. lun nhp p mt gi tr kiu s bn

hy s dng bn phm s.
=ABS Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s
=ACOS Tnh nghch o cosin
=ACOSH Tnh nghch o cosin hyperbol
=ASIN Tnh nghch o sin
=ASINH Tnh nghch o sin hyperbol
Trang 96
=ATAN Tnh nghch o tang
=ATAN2 Tnh nghch o tang vi ta
=ATANH Tnh nghch o tang hyperbol
=CEILING L trn n bi s gn nht
=COMBIN Tnh t hp t s phn t chn
=COS Tnh cosin ca mt gc
=COSH Tnh cosin hyperbol
=DEGREES i radians sang
=EVEN Lm trn mt s n s nguyn chn gn nht.
=EXP Tnh ly tha c s e
=FACT Tnh giai tha ca mt s
=FACTDOUBLE Tnh ly tha cp 2
=FLOOR Lm trn xung n bi s gn nht do bn ch.
=GCD Tm c s chung ln nht
=INT(X) Lm trn xung s nguyn gn nht (Hm ly gi tr l phn nguyn-Hm cho gi

tr l phn nguyn ca X)
=LCM Tm bi s chung nh nht
=LN Tnh logarit c s t nhin ca mt s
=LOG Tnh logarit
=LOG10 Tnh logarit c s 10
=MDETERM Tnh nh thc ca ma trn
=MINVERSE Tm ma trn nghch o
=MMULT Tnh tch 2 ma trn
=MOD(a,b) Hm cho gi tr l phn d ca php chia a:b
=MROUND Lm trn mt s n bi s ca s khc.
=MULTINOMIAL T l giai tha tng vi tch cc giai tha ca cc s.
Trang 97
=ODD Lm trn n mt s nguyn l gn nht.
=PI Tr v gi tr pi
=POWER Tnh ly tha ca mt s
=PRODUCT Tnh tch cc s
=QUOTIENT Ly phn nguyn ca php chia
=RADIANS i sang radians.
=RAND Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong 0 v 1
=RANDBETWEEN Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong do bn ch nh
Hm ROMAN()
Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m
C php: = ROMAN(number, form)
number: S cn chuyn i
form: dng chuyn i
0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in
1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu (xem thm

v d) 4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i
Ch :
* number phi l s dng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE!
* Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n
* Hm ROMAN() ch x l c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm s bo li

#VALUE!
* Sau khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton vi n

c na
V d:
ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE)
ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV
ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX
Trang 98
ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV
ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE)
ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII
=ROUND(X,n) Hm lm trn n s ca X
Nu n dng (n>0) s lm trn s bn phi k t v tr du chm thp phn.
Nu n m (n<0) s lm trn s bn tri k t v tr du chm thp phn.
=ROUNDDOWN Lm trn mt s hng xung zero
=ROUNDUP Lm trn mt s hng ra xa zero.
=SIN Tnh sin ca mt gc
=SINH Tnh sin hyperbol ca mt s
=SUM Tnh tng ca cc s
=DSUM (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh tng trong ct gi tr tho mn
iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
VD: Tnh tng tin lng nhng ngi 26 tui.
Hm SUMIF()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
Range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha
s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th
l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...
Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range.
Lu :
* Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng
c xc nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng
tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d:
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
Trang 99
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
* C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din

cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du
? hay *).
* Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch
hoa.
Hm SUMIFS()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...)
Sum_range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc

cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng dng lin kt vi cc iu

kin cho vng.
Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c th dng s,

biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...
Lu :
* Mi trong sum_range ch c tnh tng nu tt c cc iu kin tng ng vi u

ng. Nu tha cc iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n bng 0.
* Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm SUMIFS, mi

vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc v hnh dng ging nh sum_range.
* C th dng cc k t i din trong cc iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i

din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc
du ? hay *)
* Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa.
Hm SUMSQ()
Dng tnh tng cc bnh phng ca cc s
Trang 100
C php: = SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...)
number1, number2, ... : C th dng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s
ny ch l 30)
Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham chiu n mt

cha s, v.v...
V d: SUMSQ(3, 4) = (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25
Ba hm sau y c cch dng v c php tng t nhau:
Hm SUMX2MY2(), Hm SUMXPY2() v Hm SUMXMY2()
d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy c sau:
SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh phng, X v
Y l hai mng g , c cha nhiu phn t x v y
Vy, nh ngha v cch tnh ton ca 3 hm ny l:
= SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d
liu
= SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d
liu
= SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu
C php:
= SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)
= SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)
= SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y)
array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tr kiu mng
Lu :
* array_x v array_y bt buc phi c cng kch thc, nu khng, hm s bo li #NA!
* Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tr kiu text, kiu logic hoc rng, th s c
b qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tr = 0 vn c tnh.
=TAN Tnh tang ca mt gc
Trang 101
=TANH Tnh tang hyperbol ca mt s
=TRUNC Ct bt phn thp phn ca s
Hm SUMPRODUCT() Tnh tng cc tch cc phn t tng ng trong cc mng gi tr
Sum = Tng-Product = Tch
SUMPRODUCT = Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu)
C php: = SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...)
array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny
ch l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kch thc vi nhau
Lu :
* Nu cc mng khng cng kch thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE!
* Bt k mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c SUMPRODUCT

coi nh bng 0 (zero)
Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong cc hm hi kh s

dng ca Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n thc s lm c nhiu
th hn ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc bn phi nh con s i din
cho php tnh cn thc hin trn tp s liu (trong Excel 2010 c tnh nng AutoComplete
gip chng ta khi nh cc con s ny). Hm SUBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t
phin bn Excel 2003 vi s gia tng cc tu chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin
iu ny dn n s khng tng thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng cc tnh
nng mi b sung ny.
i s u tin ca ca hm SUBTOTAL xc nh hm thc s no s c s dng khi tnh

ton (xem trong danh sch bn di). V d nu i s l 1 th hm SUBTOTAL hot ng
ging nhng hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng
ging nhng hm SUM.
SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng d liu tu
theo php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht.
C php: = SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...)
Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui nh hm no s c dng

tnh ton trong SUBTOTAL
Trang 102
Ref1, ref2: Cc vng a ch tham chiu m bn mun thc hin php tnh trn .
Trong Excel 2010, bn c th dng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny
ch l 29)
Ghi ch:
* Nu c hm SUBTOTAL khc t lng trong cc i s ref1, ref2,... th cc hm lng ny

s b b qua khng c tnh, nhm trnh trng hp tnh ton 2 ln.
* i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm c cc gi tr

n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101 n 111 th hm SUBTOTAL
ch tnh ton cho cc gi tr khng n trong tp s liu (b qua cc gi tr n).
* Hm SUBTOTAL s b qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng b n bi lnh Filter (Auto

Filter) m khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng (1 ging 101...).
* Hm SUBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc, n khng
c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang.
* Hm ny ch tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-D (V d v
tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo li #VALUE!
Hm SQRT()
Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s
C php: = SQRT(number)
number: S thc, dng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)
V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16
SQRT(16) = 4
SQRT(A2) = #NUM!
SQRT(ABS(A2)) = 4
Hm SQRTPI()
Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979)
C php: = SQRTPI(number)
number: S thc, dng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)
Trang 103
V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16
SQRT(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi)
SQRT(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi)
Hm SIGN()
Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s dng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m.
C php: = SIGN(number)
V d:
SIGN(10) = 1
SIGN(4-4) = 0
SIGN(-0.057) = -1
Hm SERIESSUM()
Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y:
series (x, n, m, a) = a1*x^n + a2*x^(n+m) + a3*x^(n+2m) + ... + ai*x^(n+(i-1)m)
C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)
x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha
n : ly tha khi to tng ti x
m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui
coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x
Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!
V d:
SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426
Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4)
=1*5^0 + 2*5^(0+2) + 3*5^(0+2*2) + 4*5^(0+3*2) = 64426
HM THNG K
Bao gm cc hm s gip bn gii quyt cc bi ton thng k t n gin n phc tp.
=AVEDEV Tnh bnh qun phn cc
Trang 104
=AVERAGE(vng) Tnh trung bnh cng cc s.
=AVERAGEA Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr
=DAVERAGE (vng d liu, ct cn tnh, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh trung bnh cc gi tr
trong ct tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
Hm AVERAGEIF()
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn mt iu kin cho trc.
C php: = AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)
range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc

mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
criteria : L iu kin di dng mt s, mt biu thc, a ch hoc chui, qui nh vic

tnh trung bnh cho nhng no...
average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu b trng th Excel dng

range tnh.
Lu :
* Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tr lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s c b

qua.
* Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c b qua.
* Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0!
* Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh n bng 0.
* Nu khng c no trong range tha mn iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF s bo li

#DIV/0!
* Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v

du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th
bn g thm du ~ trc n.
* average_range khng nht thit phi c cng kch thc vi range, m cc thc s c
tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri ca average_range lm bt u, v bao gm
thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range.
Hm AVERAGEIFS()
Trang 105
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn nhiu iu kin cho

trc.
C php: = AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2,

criteria2, ...)
average_range : Vng cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc mng

hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ... : Vng cha nhng iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th
khai bo t 1 n 127 vng.
criteria1, criteria2, ... : L cc iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 iu

kin, di dng s, biu thc, tham chiu hoc chui...
Lu :
* Nu average_range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0!
* Nu c mt no trong nhng vng criteria_range rng, AVERAGEIFS s xem nh n

bng 0.
* Nhng gi tr logic: TRUE s c xem l 1, v FALSE s c xem l 0.
* Mi trong average_range ch c tnh trung bnh nu tha tt c iu kin quy nh cho

* Khng ging nh AVERAGEIF(), mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc vi

average_range
* Nu c mt no trong average_range khng th chuyn i sang dng s, hoc nu khng

c no tha tt c cc iu kin, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0!
* C th cc k t i din nh ?, * cho cc iu kin (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v

du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th
bn g thm du ~ trc n.
Hm COUNT() m d liu cha s (m s khng trng) - m s c trong vng.

Nhng ch m nhng c kiu d liu l kiu s.
C php=COUNT(vng)
=COUNTA m s cha d liu
Trang 106
=COUNTIF(Vng cn m, iu kin) Hm m c iu kin - m s c trong vng vi

iu kin ch ra iu kin.
Hm COUNTIF m c kiu d liu l kiu s v c kiu k t.
=DCOUNT(vng d liu, ct cn m, vng tiu chun) m s cha lng gi tr s

trong ct tho mn k trong vng tiu chun tm kim trong vng d liu.
VD: m xem c bao nhiu ngi c mc lng l 500000.
=MAX(vng) Tm s ln nht trong vng
=MAXA Tm gi tr ln nht
Hm DMAX()
C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)=DMAX (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu

chun)
Hm tnh gi tr cao nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng
d liu.
VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai cao lng nht.
=MIN(vng) Tm s nh nht trong vng
=MINA Tm gi tr nh nht
Hm DMIN()
C php: =DMIN(database, field, criteria)=DMIN (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun)
Hm tnh gi tr nh nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng
d liu.
VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai thp lng nht.
=RANK( cn xp th, vng cn so snh) Tm v th ca mt s trong dy s.
Vng cn so snh: Thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $
Hm DVARP()
C php: = DVARP(database, [field,] criteria)
Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s
liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.
Trang 107
Hm DVAR()
C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria)
c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu

trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DSUM()
C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria)
Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin

c ch nh.
Hm DSTDEVP()
C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)
Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu
trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DSTDEV()
C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)
c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt
ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DPRODUCT()
C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)
Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu

kin c ch nh.
m s rng trong bng tnh
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn

kim tra.
m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng d liu cn

kim tra.
m s b li
Trang 108
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn

kim tra.
g. Hm x l vn bn v d liu
Bao gm cc hm x l chui vn bn nh trch lc, tm kim, thay th, chuyn i chui vn

bn trong Excel.
Hm ASC()
Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn ng s dng

b k t double-byte.
C php: = ASC(text)
text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt k mu t no

thuc loi double-byte, th text s khng c chuyn i.
V d: = ASC("Excel") = Excel
=CHAR Chuyn s thnh k t
=CLEAN Xa k t khng ph hp
=CODE Tr v m s ca k t u tin
Hm CONCATENATE
Cng dng: Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau
Cng thc: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)
V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn) Gii

php Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn
=DOLLAR Chuyn nh dng s thnh tin t
Hm EXACT
Cng dng: Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau.
Cng thc: =EXACT(text1,text2)
Hm EXACT phn bit ch thng v ch hoa.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr

FALSE
Trang 109
V d:
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii php") TRUE
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Php") FALSE
=FIXED Chuyn mt s sang nh dng vn bn
=LEFT(X,n) Hm LEFT ly n k t t bn tri sang ca vn bn X
=LEN Tnh di mt chui
=LOWER Chuyn thnh ch thng.
=PROPER Chuyn k t u mi t thnh ch hoa
Hm MID Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui
Cng thc: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars])=MID(X, m, n)
Hm MID ly n k t trong chui X bt u t v tr m.
text: chui vn bn cn trch xut
start_num: v tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang
num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra
- num_chars phi l s nguyn dng
- start_num phi l s nguyn dng
- Nu start_num ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng
V d: =MID("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7, 9) Elizabeth
Hm REPLACE
Cng dng: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s k t

c ch nh
Cng thc: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)
old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l
start_num: v tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang
num_chars: s k t ca chui cn c thay th
new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v num_chars
Trang 110
Ci kh ca hm ny l xc nh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit c bt

u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch? Gi :
- Bn dng hm FIND() hoc SEARCH() xc nh v tr bt u (start_num)
- Dng hm LEN() xc nh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars)
V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nh sau:
=REPLACE(A1, FIND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "2008") Expense Budget for 2008
Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007
Hm RIGHT Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo
s ch nh ca bn
Cng thc: =RIGHT(text [,num_chars])=RIGHT(X,n)
Hm RIGHT ly n k t t bn phi sang ca vn bn X
text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t
num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc nh l 1
- num_chars phi l s nguyn dng
- Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text
V d: =RIGHT("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7) Hammond
=REPT Lp li mt chui
=SUBSTITUTE Thay th mt chui xc nh
Hm FIND v Hm SEARCH
Cng dng: Dng tm v tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt chui
Cng thc:
=FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
=SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)
within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)
start_num: v tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc nh l 1)
Trang 111
Mt s lu :
- Kt qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch v tr bt u (tnh t start_num) ca find_text

trong within_text
- Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt k. V d: SEARCH("e", "Expenses") s cho

kt qu l 1.
- Dng FIND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. V d:
FIND("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 4.
- Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li #VALUE
- C th dng nhng k t i din nh *, ? trong find_text ca hm SEARCH()
- Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t * hoc ? th g du ~ trc k t ( ~*

hoc l ~?)
=TEXT Chuyn mt s sang text.
Hm T
Cng dng: Tr v mt chui nu tr tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v chui rng -
Kim tra d liu kiu text
Cng thc: =T(value)
Hm ny t khi c dng.
Hm SUBSTITUTE
Cng dng: Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny cng tng t
hm REPLACE(), nhng d s dng hn.
Cng thc: =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text [,instance_num])
text: chui vn bn gc, cn c x l
old_text: chui vn bn cn c thay th
new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo
instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu b qua th tt c old_text tm c

s c thay th bng new_text
V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nh sau:
Trang 112
=SUBSTITUTE("Expense Budget for 2007", "2007", "2008") Expense Budget for 2008
HM THAY TH CHUI NY BNG CHUI KHC (Substituting One Substring for

Another)
C nhiu chng trnh c kh nng tm kim mt s on vn v thay th n bng on vn

khc.
Excel cng c kh nng lm chuyn bng cch dng hm. l hm REPLACE v hm

SUBSTITUTE.
=TRIM Xa nhng k t trng bn trong chui.
=UPPER Chuyn k t thng thnh hoa.
Hm VALUE
Cng dng: Dng i mt chui i din cho mt s thnh kiu s
Cng thc: =VALUE(text)
text phi l nh dng s, ngy thng hoc bt k mt thi gian no min l c Excel cng
nhn.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr

FALSE
V d:
trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT()
=RIGHT("SQA6500", 4) 6500
Tuy nhin kt qu do hm RIGHT() c c s dng text, bn khng th nhn chia cng tr

g vi ci "6500" ny c.
c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s:
=VALUE(RIGHT("SQA6500",4)) 6500
Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n.
*Trch xut h v tn (v d dng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m)
Cch lm l dng hm FIND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v tn, sau
dng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RIGHT() tch phn h.
ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm cell A2):
Trang 113
=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1)
Ngha l dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v d n l v

tr th 5,
khi hm LEFT() s xc nh c ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1).
ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc:
=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2))
Bn t dch cu ny
*Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c vit tt)
Cch lm ging nh bi Trch xut h v tn trn, tuy nhin c khc mt cht, trch
thm phn tn m.
Gi s H v Tn (full name) nm cell A2, v ang c gi tr l Karen E. Hammond
u tin, nh bi trn, dng cng thc sau tch phn Tn (first name):
=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Karen
Cng thc FIND(" ", A2) s cho kt qu l 6, l v tr ca khong trng u tin (sau ch
Karen).
tm v tr ca khong trng th hai, th bn phi gn v tr bt u tm (start_num) l 7,

hoc l bng kt qu ca FIND(" ", A2) cng thm 1:
=FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ",A2) + 1)
Ri dng kt qu ca cng thc ny lm tham s cho hm RIGHT() trch ra phn H (last

name):
=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ", A2) +1)) Hammond
trch phn tn m, dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca du chm (.) ri a vo trong

cng thc ca hm MID() tm k t ng trc du chm:
=MID(A2, FIND(".", A2) - 1, 1) E
HM LOGIC
Hm AND
AND c ngha l V. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny v ci ny v ci ny......
Trang 114
C php: AND(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)
logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
Nu tt c cc biu thc u ng, hm AND() s tr v gi tr TRUE, v ch cn 1 trong cc

biu thc sai, hm AND() s tr v gi tr FALSE.
Bn c th dng hm AND() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm AND() hay

c dng chung vi hm IF().
V d:
=IF(AND(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")
Nu gi tr B2 v C2 ln hn 0, th (thng) 1.000, cn nu ch cn mt trong 2 B2

hoc C2 nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c.
=FALSE(): C th nhp trc tip FALSE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu
thc c gi tr FALSE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny
Hm IF
=IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) : Dng kim tra iu kin theo gi tr v

cng thc
C php: IF (iu kin, gi tr 1, gi tr 2) Nu iu kin ng th hm tr v gi tr 1, ngc

li hm nhn gi tr 2
Ci lp lun: "Nu ti ng th lm cho ti ci ny, nu ti sai th lm cho ti ci kia". C l

trong chng ta ai cng hiu.
Mt tnh hung n gin nht
C php: IF(logical_test, value_is_true)
logical_test: Mt biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
value_is_true: gi tr tr v khi biu thc logical_test c kim tra l ng (TRUE)
V d:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "It's big!")
Ngha l, nu gi tr A1 ln hn hoc bng 1000, th kt qu nhn c s l "It's big!", cn

khng, nu A1 nh hn 1000, kt qu s l FALSE.
Trang 115
Mt v d khc, gi s bn c mt bng nh gi mc bn ra, mua vo ca mt danh mc

hng ha di, v bn mun theo di nhng mt hng c doanh s bn ra khng t yu cu
iu chnh chin lc kinh doanh ca mnh, bng cch gn nhng du "<" bn cnh n, h
phn trm doanh s cng thp th nhng du hiu "<" cng nhiu...
Bn c th dng hm IF(), theo mu:
=IF(cell<0, flag)
Vi cell l gi tr doanh s m bn mun theo di, v flag l du hiu m t, v d, cell

cha gi tr doanh s l B2:
=IF(B2<0, "<<<<<")
nhng du "<" t l thun vi mc st gim doanh s bn hng, bn c th dng hm

REPT(), vi cng thc:
REPT("<" , B2 * -100)
y, phi nhn gi tr ca B2 vi -100, bi v chng ta ch xt nhng trng hp B2<0
V cng thc hon chnh th hin mc st gim doanh s ca tng mt hng s l:
=IF(B2<0, REPT("<" , B2 * -100))
Nhng hm IF lng nhau
Trong cuc sng i thng, c my ai d dng chp nhn chuyn "mt ci nu", phi khng
cc bn.
Chng ta thng s dng kiu, nu... ri nhng m nu... nhiu khi ko di n v tn!
Trong Excel cng vy. Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh (TB) ln hn
9 th gii, vy TB nh hn 9 th d? Cha, TB nh hn 9 nhng ln hn 7 th kh ci ,
ri TB nh hn 7 nhng cha b im 5 th trung bnh, ch khi no TB nh hn 4 th mi
gi l d (ci ny ti ch v d thi, cc bn ng s dng xp loi nh).
Khi , chng ta s dng nhng hm IF() lng nhau, IF() ny nm trong IF() kia. Sau ny
chng ta s hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na.
V d, ly li v d bi trc:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big")
By gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng ch l "big"
? C l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn:
Trang 116
=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big")
Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng n khc "Small" ch (ti khng ln, cha
chc ti nh), vy chng ta thm mt nh ngha "Small" th xem:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))
Bn nh, y ti t ci IF "con" khng ging nh trn, sao cng, min l ng sai

c php ca IF().
V nu thch, bn c th ghp tt c li:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))
Ch cn mt lu , l nhng du ng m ngoc n. Nu bn ng v m khng ng lc

hoc khng , Excel s khng hiu, hoc l cho cc bn kt qu sai y.
Hm IFERROR
Trong qu trnh thao tc vi bng tnh, khng t ln chng ta gp li, v cng kh m trnh
c li. V d, mt cng thc n gin thi =A/B c th gy li #DIV/0! nu nh B bng 0,
hoc gy li #NAME? nu A hoc B khng tn ti, gy li #REF! nu c no lin kt
vi A hoc B b xa i...
Tuy nhin, i lc chng ta li cn phi li dng chnh nhng ci li ny, v d s t ra mt

tnh hung: nu c li th lm g ... Gi nm na l BY LI.
C l v vy m hm ny c hai ch u l IF; IFERROR = nu xy ra li (th)...
MS Excel 2003 tr v trc c hm ISERROR(value), vi value l mt biu thc. Nu biu

thc ny gp li, ISERROR() s tr v gi tr TRUE, cn nu biu thc khng c li,
ISERROR() tr v gi tr FALSE.
V chng ta thng dng ISERROR() km vi IF:
=IF(ISERROR(expression), ErrorResult, expression)
Nu nh biu thc (expression) c li, cng thc trn s ly gi tr ErrorResult (mt rng,
hoc mt thng bo li, v.v..), ngc li, s ly chnh gi tr biu thc .
V d: =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B)
Ci bt tin khi phi dng va IF() va ISERROR() l chng ta phi nhp ci biu thc hai
ln: mt ln trong hm ISERROR() v mt ln tham s value_is_False ca IF()
Trang 117
C th ci bt tin va ni trn khng ng k, tuy nhin cch s dng ny lm cho cng thc
ca chng ta tr nn kh dng hn, bi v nu thay ci biu thc(expression), th chng ta
phi thay i nguyn c cng thc.
Excel 2010 dng nh hiu c s bt tin , nn gp hai hm IF() v ISERROR li

thnh mt, l IFERROR()
C php: IFERROR(value, value_if_error)
_____value: Biu thc c th s gy ra li
_____value_if_error: kt qu tr v nu value gy ra li
Nu biu thc value khng gy li, IFERROR() s ly biu thc , cn nu n c li th ly

ci biu thc value_if_error.
V d, cng thc =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) nu dng IFERROR() th s l
=IFERROR(A/B, "")
Bn thy y, IFERROR() ngn gn v d hiu hn nhiu.
=NOT (logical) : o ngc gi tr ca cc i s
Hm OR
OR c ngha l HOC. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny hoc ci ny hay ci kia...

ci no cng c, min l phi c t nht 1 ci!
C php: OR(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)
logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
Nu tt c cc biu thc u sai, hm OR() s tr v gi tr FALSE, v ch cn 1 trong cc

biu thc ng, hm OR() s tr v gi tr TRUE.
Ging nh hm AND(), bn c th dng hm OR() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng

th hm OR() hay c dng chung vi hm IF().
V d:
=IF(OR(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")
Nu gi tr B2 hoc C2 ln hn 0 (tc l ch cn 1 trong 2 ln hn 0), th (thng)

1.000, cn nu c 2 B2 hoc C2 u nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c.
Trang 118
=TRUE(): C th nhp trc tip TRUE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu
thc c gi tr TRUE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny
B qua nhng b li khi chy cng thc
V d: Ct Gross Margin (ct D) ca bng tnh di y c cha mt s gp li chia cho 0

(#DIV/0!), do bn ct C c nhng trng.
tnh trung bnh cng ca ct D, k nhng c li #DIV/0!, phi dng cng thc mng
nh sau:
{=AVERAGE(IF(ISERROR(D3:D12), "", D3:D12))}
(ngha l nu gp nhng c li th coi nh n bng rng)
Xc nh tn ca ct (Determining the Column Letter)
Trong Excel c hm COLUMN(), cho ra kt qu l s ca ct (v d, g hm ny trong ct B

th kt qu s l 2).
Nhng i khi bn mun kt qu l tn ca ct ch khng mun l con s (B ch khng

phi l 2), th lm sao?
y l mt vn i hi s khn kho mt cht, v tn ct trong bng tnh chy t A n Z,

t AA n AZ... v cho ti tn cng l XFD (!)
C mt hm gip chng ta tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, l hm CELL("address"), v

d $A$2, hoc $B$10...
Hm CELL(info_type [,reference])
Vi info_type l mt tham s c nh ngha (s ni k hn trong nhng bi sau)
V reference l cell m bn ch nh, nu b trng th Excel s ly ngay ci cell c cha cng

thc CELL().
Trong bi ny, tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, chng ta s dng cng thc CELL() vi

info_type l "address"
Tinh mt cht, ta thy tn ca ct chnh l nhng ch ci nm gia hai du dollar ($) trong
ci a ch tuyt i ny.
Bt u lm: dng hm MID() trch ra ch ci t v tr th 2 trong a ch tuyt i ca cell:
=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, num_chars)
Trang 119
Ci kh l ci num_chars ny y, v tn ct th c th l 1, 2, hoc 3 k t (v d: A, AA
hoc AAA). Vn dng hm FIND thi:
FIND("$", CELL("address"",A2), 3) - 2
Gii thch: Dng hm FIND(), tm v tr ca du $ trong ci a ch tuyt i ca cell, v bt

u tm t v tr th 3 trong ci a ch ny.
Ti sao phi tr i 2? Cng thc trn s ch ra v tr (l mt con s) ca du $ th hai trong

a ch tuyt i ca cell, tc l ci du $ pha sau tn ct, phi tr i 2 tc l tr bt i 2 ci
$, lc ny kt qu s chnh l s k t ca tn ct (1 ch, 2 ch hoc 3 ch)
By gi, cng thc hon chnh s nh sau:
=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address"), 3) - 2)
Cng thc ny p dng cho chnh cell cha cng thc.
Nu mun tm tn ct ti mt cell no , bn ch vic thm a ch (hoc mt ci g tham

chiu n a ch ny) ca cell mun tm vo pha sau ci "address"
V d, mun tm tn ca cell AGH68, bn g:
=MID(CELL("Address", AGH68), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address", AGH68), 3) - 2) AGH
Lp m s t ng
C nhiu danh mc khch hng hoc danh mc hng ha c lp m s bng cch dng vi
k t u ca tn khch hng (hoc tn hng ha) kt hp vi mt con s.
Cch t m s t ng nh vy rt d lm trong Excel, bng cch s dng nhng hm x l

vn bn v chui.
Gi s danh mc ca chng ta nm ct A v bt u ti cell A2.
Trc tin, chng ta hy tch 3 k t u tin ca danh mc v nh dng cho n thnh

nhng ch in hoa, bng cng thc:
UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3))
Tip theo, tn dng chnh s ca nhng hng trong bng tnh lp m s t ng:
ROW(A2),
v nh dng sao cho nhng con s ny lun c 4 ch s, bng cng thc:
TEXT(ROW(A2),"0000")
Trang 120
V y l cng thc hon chnh:
=UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2), "0000")
Hm BETADIST()
Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Thng thng hm ny c dng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm cc mu, v d

nh khong thi gian m ngi ta dng xem TV trong mt ngy chng hn.
C php: = BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B)
x : Gi tr gia A v B, dng tnh mt hm.
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.
A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0.
B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.
Lu :
* Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng phn phi

tch ly beta chun ha.
Hm BETAINV()
Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...)
Thng dng trong vic ln k hoch d n, m phng s ln m rng xc sut, bit trc
thi gian b sung k vng v bin i.
C php: = BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, A, B)
Probability : Xc sut ca bin c x trong phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.
A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0.
B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.
Trang 121
Lu :
* Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu probability 0 hay probability > 1, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETAINV() s s dng phn phi

tch ly beta chun ha.
* BETAINV() s dng phng php lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi probability cho
trc, BETAINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu
BETAINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tr li #NA!
V d:
BETAINV(0.6854706, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 2
Hm BINOMDIST()
Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
BINOMDIST() thng c dng trong cc bi ton c s lng c nh cc php th, khi

kt qu ca cc php th ch l thnh cng hay tht bi, khi cc php th l c lp, v khi
xc xut thnh cng l khng i qua cc cuc th nghim.
V d, c th dng BINOMDIST() tnh xc sut khong hai phn ba a tr c sinh ra

l b trai.
C php: = BINOMDIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative)
Number_s : S ln th thnh cng trong cc php th.
Trials : S ln th.
Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th.
Cumulative : Mt gi tr logic xc nh hm tnh xc sut.
= 1 (TRUE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut tch ly, l xc sut c s ln thnh

cng number_s ln nht.
= 0 (FALSE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut im (hay l hm khi lng xc

sut), l xc sut m s ln thnh cng l number_s.
Lu :
Trang 122
* Nu number_s v trials l s thp phn, chng s c ct b phn l tr thnh s

nguyn.
* Nu number_s, trials hay probability_s khng phi l s, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li

#VALUE!
* Nu number_s < 0 hay number_s > trials, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
V d:
BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 0) = 0.2050781
BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 1) = 0.828125
Hm CHIDIST()
Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.
Phn phi chi-squared kt hp vi php th chi-squared dng so snh cc gi tr quan st

vi cc gi tr k vng.
V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc cy trng s

tha hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no ; bng cch so snh cc gi tr quan st c vi
cc gi tr k vng, c th thy c gi thit ban u l ng hay sai.
C php: = CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom)
x : Gi tr dng tnh phn phi.
degrees_freedom : S bc t do.
Lu :
* Nu cc i s khng phi l s, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu x < 0, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s b ct b tr

thnh s nguyn.
* Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li

#NUM!
* CHIDIST() c tnh ton theo cng thc: CHIDIST = P(X > x), vi X l bin ngu nhin
chi-squared.
Trang 123
V d:
CHIDIST(18.307, 10) = 0.050001
Hm NORMINV()
Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly chun.
C php: = NORMINV(probability, mean, standard_dev)
probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun
mean : Gi tr trung bnh cng ca phn phi
standard_dev : lch chun ca phn phi
Lu :
* Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, NORMINV() s bo li #VALUE!
* Nu probability nh hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NORMINV() s bo li #NUM!
* Nu standard_dev nh hn hoc bng 0, NORMDINV() s bo li #NUM!
* Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, NORMINV() s dng phn b chun.
* NORMINV() s dng phng php lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMINV() khng hi

t sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA!
Trang 124
Trang 125
Chng 4. Khai thc c s d liu
CHNG 4: KHAI THC C S D LIU
4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc)

Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt
bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
nh du cc mun c sp xp
B m nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp
sp xp nhiu hn mt ct:

Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin
B m Add Level
Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp
B m OK
Trang 126
Lc d liu
B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b

lc:
B m vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc

Trn tab Home, b m Sort & Filter
B m nt Filter
B m vo mi tn pha di u tin
B m Text Filter
B m Words bn mun lc
khng p dng b lc, b m nt Sort & Filter

B m Clear
Trang 127
4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart

la nhng cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh trong Excel. Chng c th bin nhng con s
dng nh v ngha trong mt khi d liu khng l thanh nhng con s c ngha.
PivotTable va PivotChart rt d s dng, nhng chng cng c mt s vn phc tp
khng th trnh khi.
4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart
To mt bo co PivotTble n gin
Gi s chng ta c bng tnh sau y:
Trang 128
y l mt trong nhng loi bng tnh m bn c th dng to ra mt PivotTable. D liu

thng k doanh thu ca 3 ca hng (store) bn dng c th thao, i din cho 3 min (region)
trong mt tun (t ngy 06 n ngy 12/6/2005). Ct D l s khch hng ca tng loi dng
c th thao, ct E l tng doanh thu, v cc ct cn li l doanh thu chi tit ca tng mt
hng.
y l mt s cu hi m bn c th phi tr li da vo bng tnh :
Doanh thu ca dng c cm tri (Camping) ti mi min ?
Ti mi ca hng, ngy no trong tun l ngy ng khch nht?
Ti mi ca hng, mt hng no bn c nhiu nht?
Ngy no trong tun (ni chung) l ngy bn nht?
Ti s gip bn tr li cu hi u tin. Ti s hng dn bn to ra mt PivotTable thy

c tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ca mi min.
bt u, bn cn bo m rng bn ang chn mt (bt k no) nm trong vng

cha d liu m bn mun to PivotTable. Ri, bn bm nt PivotTable nm trong nhm
Insert ca thanh Ribbon:
Excel s hin th hp thoi Create PivotTable nh hnh sau y:
Trang 129
Trong hp thoi ny, bn thy rng a ch ca dy cha d liu (A2:K44) c nhp

sn trong hp Table/Range. Nu nh cc nt ty chn c chn ging ht trong hnh:
Select a table or range v New Worksheet, bn hy bm OK ng hp thoi ny.
Excel s to mt Trang tinh mi, v n s trng ging nh hnh sau y:
Trang 130
Ngi ta gi y l ci v ca mt PivotTable. Trong ci v ny, bn s thy: bn tri l

vng bo co PivotTable, l vng s hin th cc yu cu ca bn sau khi bn hon tt mt
PivotTable. bn phi l ca s PivotTable Field List, l ni m bn s quyt nh nhng
d liu no s c hin th trn PivotTable, v cch sp xp ca chng.
Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn hy bm vo mc Region chn n (hoc bn

bm vo hp kim ngay bn cnh n cng c). Bn s thy mc Region ny t ng xut
hin trong vng Row Labels ca PivotTable Field List, ng thi PivotTable cng t ng
hin th tn ca 3 min: Midwest, Northeast v South trong c t A:
Trang 131
Tip tc, bn bm vo Camping chn n. Ngay lp tc, Sum of Caming xut hin trong
vng Values pha cui PivotTable Field List, ng thi, ct B hin th tng doanh thu
mt hng Camping ng vi mi min.
Cui cng, bn bm vo ci mi tn b t nm ngay bn cnh mc Sum of Camping trong

khung Values, chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra.
Trang 132
Hp thoi Value Field Settings xut hin. Bm vo ci nt Number Format. Hp thoi

Format Cells quen thuc s m ra, chn Currency. Xong bm OK hai ln ng tt c cc
hp thoi. PivotTable ca bn s ging nh hnh sau y. Nu thch, v cng d xem hn,
bn bm vo A3, ni ang c ch Row Labels, sa n li thnh Region:
Hy vng rng bn s thy vic to ra mt PivotTable d nh th no. Vng, n rt n gin,

v nu c nhng yu cu phc tp hn, th cng vy thi. Xin ni thm mt vi kha cnh
khc ca PivotTable:
Trang 133
Khi mt PivotTable c kch hot, hp thoi PivotTable Field List s xut hin. Nhng
Trng c chn vo trong bo co PivotTable s c in m v c mt du kim ngay
bn cnh, ng thi chng cng xut hin nhng vng bn di ca PivotTable Field List,
cho chng ta bit vai tr ca chng trong PivotTable. kch hot mt PivotTable, bn bm
vo mt bt k trong vng bo co PivotTable. Cn nu khng mun kch hot n, th bn
ch vic bm ra ngoi, bt k ch no trong bng tnh.
Bn s thy bn phi ca tiu Region trong vng bo co ( A3) c mt nt mi tn th

xung (drop-down arrow). Nt ny c chc nng tng t chc nng AutoFilter. Bm vo
, bn c th la chn nhng mc mun xem thuc danh sch Region, m mc nh ca n
l Select All (xem tt c). V d, bn ch mun xem doanh thu dng c cm tri ca ring
min Midwest m thi, bn bm vo nt ny, bm vo mc (Select All) tt n i, ri bm
vo mc Midwest, bn s c kt qu nh hnh sau:
1.2. To mt bo co PivotTable vi nhiu ct
V d bi trc ch l mt trong nhng bo co PivotTable n gin nht. Trong bi ny,

bn s hc cch to mt bo co PivotTable phc tp hn, c nhiu ct cng nh nhiu hng
hn.
Bn xem d liu sau y. N l d liu ca nhng ca hng cho thu bng video:
Trang 134
Cc hng d liu trong bi ny c thit k khc vi bi trc. Mi hng trong bng i

din cho mt th loi video ca mt ca hng (c ghi ct B). Con s ct Title l s
lng u phim thuc th loi . Mc ch ca chng ta l to mt PivotTable trnh by
nhng thng tin mt dng d xem hn.
Cc bc to ra mt ci v ca PivotTable, ti trnh by bi 1. Nu bn lm ng,

hp thoi PivotTable Field List ca bn s ging nh sau:
Trang 135
Trong danh sch cc Trng s c Store, Category v Titles. Hy bm chn c ba. Excel s
lm gip bn cc vic sau:
em Store v Category vo trong hp Row Labels
em Tiltes vo trong hp Values, vi ci tn l Sum of Titles
Trnh by cc thng tin vo vng bo co PivotTable
Kt qu c minh ha hnh sau y:
Trang 136
C th nhng g hin th trn my ca bn khng ging ci hnh ny. Nu nh bn mun n

ging ht hnh ny, hy bm nt phi chut vo tn ca mt ca hng no trong ct A
(Clarkville chng hn), chn lnh Field Setting, ri bn nh du vo cc ty chn ca tab
Layout & Print ging nh lm trong hnh sau y; v nu nh ci tn trong A3 ang l
RowLabels, hy i n thnh Store. Bn s c mt PivotTable y ht nh hnh trn.
Trang 137
Cho d y l mt bo co PivotTable rt chnh xc, nhng n khng phi l ci ti mun.

Trong trng hp ny, Store v Category ang nm chung trong mt hng, u l Row
Labels; cn ti th mun Category phi l mt ct ring, l Column Labels.
Lm th no chuyn mt mc Row Labels thnh Column Lables? C hai cch:
1. Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, trong vng Row Labels, bn hy bm vo

nt mi tn bn cnh mc Category, v chn lnh Move To Column Labels.
2. Nu nh bn kho s dng chut, bn c th "nm" v "ko" ci mc Category ra

khi vng Row Labels ri "th" n vo vng Column Labels.
Sau khi lm xong mt trong 2 cch trn, bn s thy PivotTable ging nh sau:
Trang 138
So snh vi bng d liu ban u, PivotTable d c hn nhiu. Nhn vo bng bo co ny,

chng ta c th so snh s lng u phim ca tng th loi video gia cc ca hng vi
nhau (xem theo ct), hoc so snh s u phim gia cc th loi video ca mt ca hng vi
nhau (xem theo hng). Nhn vo PivotTable, bn c th tr li ngay ca hng no c nhiu
phim hnh ng nht, phi khng?
Bn c thy rng: vic di chuyn mt Trng t Row Labels sang Column Labels, lm cho
PivotTable dng nh l xoay bng d liu t dc thnh ngang. Ch "xoay", trong ting
Anh, l "pivot". Vy bn hiu PivotTable l g ri ch?
Nu nh bn va c va t thc hnh, th bn hy lu li bng tnh. Chng ta s s dng

PivotTable va to ra ny cho bi sau.
Trang 139
1.3. To mt PivotChart
Mt PivotChart chng c g khc hn l mt biu Excel, c to ra t d liu ca mt

PivotTable. Tht ra th cng c mt vi tnh nng m bn khng tm thy nhng biu
bnh thng. Tuy nhin, phn ln th mt PivotChart cng ging nh bt k mt biu no
trong Excel, nhng thao tc vi cc biu , hoc vic nh dng cho n, chng c g khc.
Nu bn bit chc rng bn s cn n mt PivotChart, bn c th to ra PivotTable v

PivotChart cng mt ln. Thay v bm vo nt PivotTable trong nhm Insert trn thanh
Ribbon (nh trnh by bi 1), bn hy bm vo ci mi tn nh di ci nt , v
chn lnh PivotChart. Ri th bn cng s gp hp thoi to mt PivotTable nh nhng bi
trn, nhng khi to xong PivotTable, th Excel cng s t ng to lun mt PivotChart i
km theo.
By gi chng ta s hc cch to ra mt PivotChart t PivotTable m bn thc hnh bi

s 2, bi ton v cc ca hng bn video. Bn ln lt theo cc bc sau:
1. Chc chn rng bn ang kch hot PivotTable. Nu nh khng mun thy ci hp
thoi PivotTable Field List, bn c th tt n i. Hp thoi ny c th bt tt bt c
lc no bng ci nt ny (trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon):
2. Bm nt PivotChart trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon. Excel s

hin th hp thoi Insert Chart, nh hnh sau:
Trang 140
3. Chn Column trong danh sch Templates bn tri, ri bm vo biu tng th hai
(stacked column) hng u tin trong khung bn tay phi.
4. Bm OK to biu .
Bn s c mt biu nh hnh sau. Mi ca hng (Store) c i din bi mt "bar" trong

biu , v trong mi "bar" ny cha s lng th loi phim (Category) c trong ca hng ,
c phn bit bi cc mu khc nhau.
Trang 141
Khi bn bm vo biu , tc l bn kch hot PivotTable, Excel s hin th hp thoi

PivotChart Filter Pane nh bn thy hnh trn. Bn c th dng Axis Fields v Legend
Fields trong hp thoi ny lc cc d liu, iu chnh PivotChart hin th hay khng hin
th biu ca mt loi d liu no . Bt k vic lc d liu no bn thc hin trong hp
thoi ny, cng s c p dng trong PivotTable, v biu s t ng v li theo nhng
thay i trong PivotTable.
V d, bm vo Axis Fields, v ch chn hai ca hng: Clarkville, WestEnd. Biu s t

ng v li nh sau:
Trang 142
4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable
Chng ta c th s dng nhiu loi d liu lm ngun cho mt PivotTable:
S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong cng mt S lam vi c
S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong mt S lam vi c khc
S dng d liu kt hp t nhiu ngun khc nhau nhng c cu trc ging nhau
(consolidate ranges)
S dng d liu t mt bo co PivotTable khc
Nhng bi sau y s ln lt im qua tng loi d liu ny.
2.1. S dng d liu ca cng mt bng tnh Excel
C l cch d nht v cng c nhiu ngi s dng nht l s dng d liu ca mt bng
tnh Excel lm ngun cho PivotTable. D liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh,
nh c trnh by bi 1.
Mi vic s tr nn rt n gin khi bn to mt PivotTable trong cng bng tnh cha d

liu ngun. D liu ny phi c thit k theo dng mt List (trong Excel 2003), mt Table
(Excel 2010), vi nhng yu cu sau:
Hng u tin cha tn cc Trng (hoc tn ca cc ct)
Hng th hai v nhng hng tip theo cha d liu
Khng c hng b trng, nhng c th c nhng trng
tm hiu k hn v cu trc ca mt Table, bn c th tham kho bi "Phn tch d liu

vi cc Table".
Nu c mt nm u trong vng d liu ngun ny c chn khi bn m hp thoi

Create PivotTable, Excel s t ng xc nh a ch ca ton b vng d liu v nhp n
vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi. Nu bn mun xc nh chnh xc a ch ca
vng d liu ngun, bn c th chn mt trong 3 cch sau:
1. Chn mt trong vng d liu trc khi m hp thoi. a ch ca vng d liu s

c nhp vo t ng
2. Nhp trc tip a ch ca vng d liu trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi
3. S dng nt Select trong hp thoi chn vng d liu
Trang 143
C mt cch rt hay v rt nn lm ch cho Excel bit vng d liu nm u, l to mt

ci tn (Name) cho vng d liu. S dng Name th tin li hn vic nhp a ch hoc chn
vng d liu mi khi bn mun tham chiu n chng. tm hiu thm v Name cho vng
d liu, xin c bi: "S dng tn cho dy".
Tuy nhin, nu bn s dng mt Table ca Excel 2010 lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable,
th bn khi cn quan tm n Name, bi chnh bn thn Table c sn mt ci tn, khi bn
to n. V khi c Name ca d liu ngun, bn ch vic nhp trc tip ci tn ny vo
trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi Create PivotTable. V d, hnh sau y, d liu
ngun ca PivotTable l mt dy c tn l SalesData:
2.2. S dng d liu ngun t mt bng tnh Excel khc
Nu d liu m bn s dng trong PivotTable nm trong mt bng tnh khc, cc bc to

PivotTable hi khc mt t. Bn s phi xc nh dy (a ch) cha d liu ngun, v tn
ca s lam vi c cha d liu ngun.
Trang 144
Cch d nht thc hin vic ny , l m ng thi hai bng tnh . M t ci s cha
PivotTable, mt ci cha d liu ngun. Ri lm theo cc bc sau:
1. Chn (kch hot) s lam vi c s to PivotTable.
2. Bm nt PivotTable trong tab Insert ca Ribbon m hp thoi Create

PivotTable.
3. Hy chc chn rng ty chn Select a Table or Range ang c chn.
4. Bm nt Select nm pha bn phi ca khung Table/Range, mt hp thoi Create

PivotTable "nh" nh sau y s xut hin:
5. Bm Alt+Tab hoc bm vo s lam vi c cha d liu ngun kch hot n. Bn s

vn thy ci hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh".
6. Chn dy cha d liu ngun cho PivotTable. a ch ca n, bao gm c tn ca s

lm vic, s t ng nhp vo trong hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh":
7. Bm vo nt Select trn ca s Create PivotTable "nh" chp nhn vng chn v

ng n li, quay v hp thoi Create PivotTable "ln".
8. Bm OK quay v bng tnh vi PivotTable va to.
Khi mt PivotTable c "link" ti mt bng tnh bn ngoi, bn ch c th cp nht (update)

PivotTable nu ng link ny ti bng tnh ngun cn tn ti. Khi bng tnh cha d liu
ngun b i tn, b di i ch khc, hoc b xa, bn s khng th cp nht PivotTable. Excel
s hin th mt thng bo li nu bn c lm vic .
C th bn thc mc l ti sao c nhiu ngi khng lm mt PivotTable trong cng mt

bng tnh, m li lm PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc? Vic ny, tht ra rt hu ch, nht
l i vi nhng d liu khng l, cng knh. C l bn bit nhng bng tnh cha mt
bng d liu ln th chy chm nh th no. Khi t PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc,
bn vn c th c c nhng thng k, m khng cn thit phi m d liu ngun ra. Hoc
Trang 145
khi bn mun thng k d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau, bn c th to mt s lam vi c

trung gian, cha nhiu PivotTable, m mi PivotTable th "link" n mt d liu ngun ring.
C mt iu bn cn nn bit, l bn thn PivotTalbe khng bao gi t "refresh" d liu,

ngha l n khng th t ng cp nht khi d liu ngun thay i, bt k d liu ngun nm
trong cng mt s lam vi c vi PivotTable hay nm trong mt worbook khc. Vic tnh ton
li bng tnh (recalculated) cng khng cp nht li d liu cho PivotTable.
Bn phi thc hin chuyn "refresh" bng tay. Bng hai cch:
Bm chut phi vo PivotTable v chn lnh Refresh Data
Bm vo nt Refresh nm trong tab PivotTable|Option trn Ribbon (bn ch thy tab

ny khi bn kch hot PivotTable).
2.3. S dng nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc (Multiple Consolidation Ranges)
Thut ng "Multiple Consolidation Ranges" (nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc), tht ra

khng phc tp nh ci tn ca n. Tt c ch n gin l to mt PivotTable da trn hai
hoc nhiu bng d liu (l Table, hay l List trong cc version trc). Nhng ngun d liu
ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh, hoc nm trong nhng bng tnh khc nhau.
Nhng, chc nng Create PivotTable ca Excel 2010 m chng ta lm quen t u n
gi, li khng h tr Multiple Consolidate Ranges, v khng c ty chn ny. s dng
c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, chng ta phi cu vin n chc nng PivotTable and
PivotChart Wizard, mt chc nng c trong nhng version trc ca Excel. Trong Excel
2010, chc nng ny vn cn, nhng b n i. gi n ra, bn phi s dng nhng phm tt
dng gi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard trong Excel 2003, l: Alt+D+P.
Nu nh bn thuc tt c cc phm tt gi lnh trn menu ca Excel 2003, th bn c th

s dng chng trong Excel 2010, cho d Ribbon ca Excel 2010 th chng ging g Menu Bar
ca Excel 2003.
s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, bt buc mi danh sch m bn mun dng

lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable phi c cng cu trc, c ngha l tt c nhng tiu ct
(nm trn hng u tin) v tiu dng (nm trong ct u tin bn tri) phi ging ht
Trang 146
nhau. Nu nh c mt hng no, hoc ct no nm ring l, th chng s khng c tch hp

vo trong bo co PivotTable.
y l mt v d v cc ngun d liu c th s dng vi chc nng Multiple Consolidation

Ranges:
khi ng "Wizard", bn hy bm Alt+D ri bm thm phm P. V ti Step 1, bm vo

ty chn Multiple Consolidation Ranges:
Sau khi bm Next sang Step 2a, bn s c 2 ty chn:
Create a single page field for me Excel t ng to ra mt Page Field n,

vi mi vng d liu ngun l m t mc (item) trong Page Field . Page Field c th
tm hiu nh l chc nng lc "cp 1" ca PivotTable. Trong ca s PivotTable
Field Lists, Page Field chnh l nhng mc nm trong khung Report Filter. Nu
khng c, xem nh Page Field = All (xem tt c cc d liu).
I will create the page fields Dng ty chn ny t to cc Page Field ca ring
bn. Bn c th to ti a l 4 Page Field, mi Page Field lc ra mt thnh phn no
ca cc d liu.
Trang 147
2.3.1. To mt trang tng hp duy nht vi chc nng Create a single page field for me
Bn xem li bng tnh EmployeeData m ti va trnh by bi trc. Bn s thy c 3 danh

sch, mi danh sch l mt phng n tuyn dng nhn vin c th cho cc b phn. V c 3
danh sch u c cng cu trc, cng nh tiu ca cc hng, ct ny l ging nhau. to
mt PivotTable da vo 3 danh sch ny, bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart
Wizard theo cc bc ti trnh by bi trc, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du
vo ty chn Create a Single-Page Field, ri bm Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc
sau:
1. Bm vo nt Select bn phi hp Range
2. Chn dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh.
3. Bm li vo nt Select a dy va chn vo trong khung Range.
Ghi ch: Nu bn b qua bc 1, ma ch cn dng chut chn trc tip dy A3:B9

trong bng tnh, Excel s t hiu la bn bm nt Select ri, nn cng s b qua
lun bc 3 nay. Khi bn kt thc vic chn dy bng chut, Excel s a bn vao
thng bc 4 sau y.
4. Bm nt Add thm dy va chn vo trong danh sch All Ranges.
5. Lp li bc 1 n bc 4 chn v thm vo danh sch All Ranges hai dy D3:D9

v G3:G9. Ti y, mn hnh ca bn s ging nh sau:
6. Bm Next sang Step 3.
Trang 148
7. Ti y, bn c th chn New Worksheet to PivotTable trong mt Trang tin h

mi, hoc chn Existing worksheet v bm chut vo ni bn mun to PivotTable
ngay trong bng tnh ny.
8. B m Finish.
Bn s c mt PivotTable nh sau:
Trong PivotTable ny, nhn Column Labels c mt mi tn th xung, bn c th dng n

lc ra ct mun xem. Trong trng hp ny, do cc d liu ngun ch c mt ct
(Employees), nn nt ny khng cn dng n, nhng nu cc d liu ngun ca bn c
nhiu ct, bn s cn dng n n. Nhn Row Labels cng c mt mi tn th xung, dng
lc ra nhng hng mun xem. Nhng nt th xung ny l im c trng m bn c th
thy trong tt c cc PivotTable.
Cn nt th xung ca nhn Page1 th c g c bit? N cho php bn lc ra d liu ngun

no mun xem, nh bn thy hnh sau y, khi bm vo n. Cc mc Item1, Item2 v
Item3 tham chiu n 3 d liu ngun m bn dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable.
Bn c th chn tng hp d liu theo tt c cc ngun (All), hoc ch 1 ngun no . Nu
mun tng hp nhiu hn 1 ngun d liu, bn phi bm vo ty chn Select Multiple
Items.
Trang 149
Bn hy th s dng cc nt th xung bn cnh cc nhn, xem chng lm vic nh th

no. Lc l mt trong chc nng quan trng nht ca mt PivotTable, bn cn hiu r cch
lc ca mt PivotTable, c th d dng tip cn vi nhng chc nng cao cp hn.
Trong PivotTable m chng ta thc hnh trong bi ny, c ct Grand Total, l mt mc

nh ca PivotTable. Tuy nhin, bi v cc d liu ngun ca chng ta ch c 1 ct, nn
khng cn thit n ct Grand Total, ti s ni v cch b ci ct ny i trong bi sau.
2.3.2. To mt PivotTable c nhiu trang tng hp t nhng d liu ngun c cng cu

trc
Trong cng vic hng ngy, nht l khi phi thng xuyn tng hp nhng d liu kiu nh:
Bo co doanh thu qu I, Bo co doanh thu qu II, Bo co doanh thu qu III, v.v..., bn nn
s dng PivotTable, vi ty chn th 2 khi ang trong Step 2a ca PivotTable and
PivotChart Wizard: I will create the page fields.
Ty chn ny rt thch hp khi tng hp t nhiu ngun d liu c cng cu trc, m nhng
ngun d liu c cng tiu , ch khc vi con s dng tng hp (theo qu, theo nm,
theo thng...), chng hn nh bng tnh ny:
Trang 150
y l 4 bng tng hp s hc sinh t yu cu theo tng mn, v theo tng hc k trong hai
nm hc 2005, 2006; c 4 u c chung tiu Year ... Semester ....
Chng ta hy th. Bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc bc

trnh by bi 2.3, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty chn I will create the
page fields, ri bm Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhp khi d liu ngun th nht (A2:B8) vo trong khung Range
2. Bm nt Add thm n vo trong danh sch All Ranges
3. Lp li hai bc trn ba ln, thm 3 khi d liu cn li (D2:D8, A11:B17, v

D11:E17) vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Ti thi im ny, mn hnh ca bn s
ging nh hnh sau:
Trang 151
4. Bm vo ty chn 2 phn How many page fields do you want?
5. Bn s thy phn ang m m di cng ca hp thoi PivotTable and

PivotChart Wizard m ra 2 ci: Field one v Field two (bn ch c th c ti a 4
trang tng hp).
6. Ti y, hy tm dng mt cht vch ra mt vi tng cho vic thng k d liu.

Bn cn c bao nhiu trang tng hp? Hay ni cch khc, bn cn thng k d liu
theo my tiu ch? Hy nhn vo tiu ca 4 d liu ngun. chng ta c hai
nm hc: 2005 v 2006, v hai hc k (semester): hc k 1 v hc k 2. Vy, tng
hay nht, c l l thng k theo nm lc ra d liu ca tng nm, hoc c 2 nm; v
ng thi cng thng k theo tng hc k, lc ra d liu ca tng hc k hoc c 2
hc k. Nh vy, chng ta cn c hai trang tng hp, l l do ti sao bc 4 trn
y, ti ni bn bm vo ty chn 2. Mi bn tip tc:
7. Trong danh sch All Ranges, chn dy u tin: A2:B8, dy ny l s liu ca hc k

1 nm 2002.
8. Nhp Year 2002 vo trong Field one.
Trang 152
9. Nhp Semester 1 vo trong Field two.
10. Chn tip dy th hai: D2:E8, dy ny l s liu ca hc k 1 nm 2003.
11. Nhp Year 2003 vo trong Field one.
12. Bi v trong Field two c sn Semester 1, nn thay v nhp, bn c th chn n t

nt mi tn th xung.
13. Chn dy th ba: A11:B17, dy ny l s liu ca hc k 2 nm 2002.
14. Chn Year 2002 t nt mi tn th xung cho Field one.
15. Nhp Semester 2 vo trong Field two.
16. Chn dy cui cng: D11:E17, chn Year 2003 cho Field one v Semester 2 cho
Field two t cc nt mi tn th xung.
Bm Next hon tt PivotTable v t n trong cng Trang tin h hay trong mt Trang tin
h
khc, ty bn. Thnh qu ca chng ta ging nh sau, l mt PivotTable tng hp tt c s
hc sinh t yu cu ca c hai nm hc 2002 v 2003, thng k chi tit theo tng mn hc:
Trang 153
Nu bn bm nhn Page 1, bn s c hai la chn: Year 2002 v Year 2003; cng vy, khi
bm nhn Page 2, bn s c hai la chn: Semester 1 v Semester 2.
Bi v trong PivotTable ny ch c 1 ct, nn bn c th b ci Grand Total i bng cch:

bm chut phi vo ngay nhn Grand Total, v chn Remove Grand Total t menu m ra.
2.4. To mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt bo co PivotTable c
La chn cui cng cho vic to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable hoc mt

PivotChart c. Ni cch khc, ta s dng Summary Data ca mt PivotTable c lm
Raw Data cho bo co th hai.
C hai cch to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable c:
Nu bn s dng Excel 2010, bn ch vic gi lnh to mt PivotTable nh vn

thng lm, v chn mt PivotTable c sn lm d liu ngun cho n.
Trang 154
Nu bn s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, nh du vo ty chn

Another PivotTable or PivotChart Report bc 1 (ty chn ny ch xut hin khi
bng tnh ca bn c cha t nht mt PivotTable). Sau khi bn bm Next, bn s
thy mt danh sch cc PivotTable hoc PivotChart ang c, ri bn chn mt ci
lm d liu ngun.
Ti sao li s dng mt PivotTable c lm d liu ngun cho mt PivotTable khc?

Trong nhiu trng hp, t nht l lc ban u, bn PivotTable th hai s c cng mt d liu
ngun vi bn PivotTable th nht. Nhng vi vic nh dng cho bn PivotTable th hai,
bn s to ra c hai cch xem cho cng mt d liu ngun, rt hu dng cho mt s gii
php x l d liu. V d, bn c mt PivotTable tng hp d liu, nhng c l vn cn
mt t rc ri (v d liu c nhiu vn cn x l). Bng cch to thm mt PivotTable na
da vo PivotTable c, bn s c c mt ci nhn c th hn, d xem hn v d liu
ngun.
Thm na, vic to mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt PivotTable c, s t

chim dng b nh h thng hn l to 2 PivotTable t mt d liu ngun. Thit ngh y
cng l mt vn cn cn nhc khi chng ta phi x l nhng d liu ln.
4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable

Excel c mt s cng c c thit k c bit cho cc bo co PivotTable. Bn s thy
nhng cng c ny trn Ribbon Options v Design, xut hin khi c mt PivotTable c
kch hot.
Khi kch hot mt PivotTable, bn s thy c thm Ribbon Options v Design
3.1. Tm hiu PivotTable Field List
C l cng c m bn s phi dng n thng xuyn nht khi lm vic vi PivotTable l

Danh sach trng. Bn dng Danh sach trng ch ra loi d liu no s c a vo bo
co PivotTable, v sp xp chng trong bo co.
Khi bn va ra lnh to mi mt PivotTable, bn s c mt bo co rng. Khi , PivotTable

Field List hin th tt c nhng Trng c trong d liu ngun. y l mt v d:
Trang 155
Mt PivotTable mi tinh, pha bn phi l PivotTable Field List,

cha c trng no c chn
thm mt trng no vo trong bo co PivotTable, bn ch cn nh du vo hp kim

ngay bn cnh tn trng. Excel s thm trng vo mt trong 4 vng nm phn di
ca PivotTable Field List.
Bn vng ny l:
1. Report Filter: Nhng Trng no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng

lc ton b d liu ngun. Ni cch khc, PivotTable ch hin th nhng d liu no
tha mn iu kin ca Report Filter.
2. Columns Label: Nhng Trng no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng

lm tiu ct cho bo co PivotTable.
Trang 156
3. Row Label: Nhng Trng no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm

tiu hng cho bo co PivotTable.
4. Values: Nhng Trng no c thm vo trong vng ny s c tnh tng theo

mc nh v hin th trn vng ni dung chnh (main body) ca PivotTable, ni cch
khc, y chnh l nhng thng k t d liu ngun, m bn mun c khi s dng
PivotTable.
Khi bn nh du kim vo mt trng no , lm sao Excel bit bn mun em trng

vo vng no? n gin thi: Nu trng ch cha nhng d liu l s, th n s c em
vo trong vng Values, cn nu trng c cha nhng loi d liu khc (text, ngy thng...)
th n s c em vo trong vng Row Labels. Tuy nhin, vic Excel em trng vo trong
vng no th khng quan trng. Bi v bn c th di chuyn cc trng t vng ny sang
vng khc, nu thy cn thit.
Xem v d sau y, minh ha mt PivotTable cng vi Field List ca n. Bn s bit cch to

ra PivotTable ny trong bi sau. Cn by gi, hy lt qua cc vng m ti nh s trong
hnh, tng ng vi 4 vng ca Danh sach trng va trnh by trn.
1. Region c t trong vng Report Filter, v n nm trong vng Filter ca bo co

( trn cao, gc tri), c chc nng lc ton b d liu ngun.
2. Date c t trong vng Row Labels, v n l cc tiu hng ca bo co

PivotTable.
3. Store c t trong vng Column Labels, v n l cc tiu ct ca bo co

PivotTable.
4. Camping (chnh xc hn, l Sum of Camping) c t trong vng Values, v n l

cc d liu c lc ra trong bo co PivotTable.
Bi tip theo s trnh by cch s dng Danh sach trng sp xp cch trnh by mt
PivotTable theo nh bn mun.
Trang 157
..............
PivotTable Field List, vi cc trng c thm vo trong 4 vng bn di
3.2. S dng PivotTable Field List
bi trc, bn bit rng khi a mt Trng vo trong mt vng ca Danh sach trng,
th n s nm u trong PivotTable, hay ni cch khc, vic a Trng vo mt trong bn
Trang 158
vng ca Danh sach trng s nh hng th no n cu trc ca PivotTable. Bi ny s

trnh by cho bn thay i cu trc bng cch s dng Danh sach trng.
Trc ht, mi bn m t p SportingGoodsRawData.xlsx ( cui bi ny). Yu cu t ra l

thng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) bn c theo ca hng (Store) v
theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region).
Bn theo cc bc sau:
1. Bm con tr vo bt k no trong vng d liu.
2. Bm nt PivotTable t Ribbon Insert m hp thoi Create PivotTable.
3. Bm OK. Excel s to mt PivotTable "rng" nh hnh sau:
Hnh 3.4. PivotTable, lc ban u
4. Trong Danh sach trng, chn (b m vo hp kim ngay bn tri) cc Trng Store,
Region, Camping, v Date.
Ti lc ny, bng tnh ca bn s ging hnh 3.5.
Trang 159
PivotTable vi cu trc theo mc nh, cha chnh sa
Bn a thy. Trng Camping v Store u c t trong vng Values, bi Excel thy

chng cha ton cc d liu kiu s. Trng Region v Date c em vo trong vng Row
Labels bi chng c cha nhng d liu kiu ngy thng v text.
D nhin, cu trc ny ca PivotTable khng phi l th chng ta cn, chnh xc hn, v c

bn th n khng c ch li g, bi v mc ch ca chng ta l thng k lng hng phc v
cho d ngoi (Camping) bn c theo ca hng (Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng
vng (Region). Tt c nhng g cn lm t c mc ch, l sp xp li cc trng trong
cc vng ca Danh sach trng.
Bn c th di chuyn mt trng sang vng khc bng hai cch:
B m vo trng mun di chuyn v di chuyn (drag) n vo trong vng khc.
Trang 160
Bm vo nt mi tn th xung bn cnh tn trng ( trong mt vng no ), ri

chn lnh Move to XXXX (vi XXXX l tn ca vng bn mun di trng ny
n).
Dng nt mi tn th xung di trng Region vo vng Report Filter
V thc hin nhng vic sau:
Di trng Region vo vng Report Filter
Di trng Store (ang mang tn l Sum of Store) vo vng Column Labels
PivotTable ca bn lc ny s ging nh hnh sau:
Trang 161
PivotTable sau khi c chnh sa
Cui cng, bn hy nh dng cho gi tr trong PivotTable theo dng tin t:
Bm vo nt mi tn th xung cnh trng Sum of Camping trong vng Values
Chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra, m hp thoi Value Field
Settings.
Chn Value Field Setting cho trng Sum of Camping
Bm vo nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc.
Trang 162
Bm nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells
Chn loi nh dng Currency (tin t), ri bm OK hai ln tr v PivotTable.
PivotTable ca bn cui cng s ging nh sau, v cng l tt c nhng g chng ta mun.
PivotTable hon chnh theo yu cu
3.3. Thit lp cc ty chn cho PivotTable Field List
Hp thoi Field List s t ng hin ra mi khi bn bm chut vo bt k ch no trong

PivotTable, ngha l khi PivotTable c kch hot th hp thoi Field List s t ng m ra.
Trang 163
Tuy nhin, bn c th ng hp thoi Field List bng cch bm vo nt Field List trn
Ribbon Options (v bm vo mt ln na m n ra li).
Bm vo nt ny ng hoc m hp thoi Field List
Cng ging nh mi hp thoi khc, bn c th di chuyn Danh sach trng ti bt k ni

no bn thch bng cch bm vo vng tiu ca hp thoi v di chuyn i, hoc thu nh n
li hay m rng n ra bng cch bm v ko cc cnh bin.
Bnh thng, hp thoi Field List hin th danh sch cc Trng pha trn, v sp xp 4
vng d liu s hin th trong PivotTable bn di. Bn c th thay i s sp xp ny bng
cch bm vo ci nt nm pha trn bn phi ca hp thoi Field List, v chn 1 trong 5
kiu hin th t menu m ra:
Chn cc kiu hin th khc cho hp thoi Field List
Hp thoi Field List cn c mt ty chn na, nm gc di bn tri: Defer Layout

Update, gip bn tm ngng vic t ng cp nht d liu trong PivotTable.
Trang 164
Bm vo nt ny tm thi ngng chc nng t ng cp nht cho PivotTable
Bnh thng, ty chn ny khng c bt. Bt k nhng thay i no ca bn trong hp

thoi Field List (di chuyn, thm, xa cc trng, thit lp nh dng s cho mt trng no
, v.v...) s c cp nht ngay tc khc trong PivotTable. Nu bn c mt PivotTable ln,
phc tp, nht l khi PivotTable s dng ngun d liu t bn ngoi Excel, vic t ng cp
nht ny s din ra kh chm chp v mt thi gian. Bn c th bt ty chn Defer Layout
Update tm ngng vic t ng cp nht, v sau khi hi lng vi cch b tr cc
Trng vo cc vng d liu, bn bm nt Update tt c nhng thay i ca bn c cp
nht cng mt lc.
Trang 165
Chng 5. thi trong Excel
CHNG 5: TH TRONG EXCEL
5.1 Gii thiu th

th gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan bng vic ve thnh cc hnh nh trc quan, d hiu.
th c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu ca n
trong bng tnh thi lp tc thi se thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2010 vic ve thi
cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu thi khc nhau phu c vu
cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau c a rt nhiu loi i tng s dng b ng tnh, chng ta se
cng nhau khm ph th gii thi c a Excel trong bi hc ny . th l m t i tng
(object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu s c
v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi thi l thi n m trong Trang
tnh (cn gi l Embedded chart) v ChartSheet. chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi thi ny
ta lm nh sau: Chn thi Chart Tools Design Location Move Chart
chn Object in + Tn Trang tinh ( thi n m trong Trang tin h) hay chn New sheet +
Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.
Chn ChartSheet hay Embedded chart
5.2. V th
Ph n nay trin h bay cac bc ve thi t mt bng s liu cho trc va m t s ty chn ca
thi . Kt qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca cac nhm khach hang phn theo tui c
cho nh hinh bn di , nu chng ta dng kt qu ny bo co cng khng c v n g,
Trang 166
tuy nhin bao cao se sinh ng va thuyt phu c hn nu chng ta bin cac con s ny thnh
th c nhin thy mt cach trc quan hn.
Bng s liu nghin cu
Hy lam theo cac bc sau v th : B1. Chn vng d liu A3:D9, chn lun cac nhn
ca cac c t. B2. Chn kiu thi t Ribbon Insert Charts. Mi nhom thi bao
g m nhi u ki u khac nhau, v du chng ta chn nhm Column Clustered Column.
Chn kiu thi
B3. Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay m t thi d ng ct nh hin h tr n, tuy nhin chung

ta co th i cac b tri cua cac thanh ph n trn thi . Chn th Chart Tools
Trang 167
Design Chart Layout Chn cach b tr thch hp. V du ta ch n kiu Layout 3 trong
Chart Layout.
La chn layout
B4. ao cac chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ng c li: Chart Tools Design
Data Switch Row/Column. Chng ta thc hin lnh nay khi cac thi bc trn
cha hi n thi ung nh mong mu n . V du chng ta mu n nhm cac nhm tu i li d so
snh gia cac thang vi nhau.
ao dong/ c t
B5. N u th y ki u thi trn khng e p, chng ta c th i sang kiu khac bng cach: Chart
Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, h p thoa i Insert Chart hi n thi li t k
ton b cc ki u thi hi n co cua Excel tha h cho ba n la cho n.
Trang 168
H p thoa i Insert Chart va cho n ki u thi khac
B6. Ngoi ra , n u ba n th y tng mau cua thi cha e p thi vao cho n Chart Tools
Design Chart Styles chn More ( ).
Chn Chart Style
Trang 169
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th

a. Nh n bie t c c th nh ph n trn o thi
Cc thnh phn thng dng
1. Chart Title 7. Horizontal Axis
2. Chart Area 8. Data Table
3. Plot Area 9. Horizontal Axis itle
4. Data Label 10. Vertical Gridlines
5. Legend 11. Vertical Axis
6. Horizontal Gridlines 12. Vertical Axis Title
Mo t so th nh ph n chi co trong o thi 3-D
o Back wall: Mu/ hnh hn pha sau th
o Side wall: Mu/ hnh nn cc cnh bn ca th
Trang 170
o Floor: Mu/ hnh nn bn di th
o Column depth: su ca cac thanh ph n biu din chui s liu di dng 3-D.
b. Cc tho tc vi th
Chn thnh phn trn th
o Cch d nht l dng chut b m ln thanh ph n c n chn, thnh phn c chn s c

4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh.
Khi thi c chn , chng ta c th dng cac phm mi tn di chuyn n

cc thnh phn trong th.
o Ngoi ra, bn c th chn cac thanh ph n ti Chart Tools Format Current

Selection
Chn thanh ph n trn thi
Di chuyn o thi
th l Embedded Chart , bm chu t tri ln th vng Chart A rea cho n thi

di chuy n, khi o u con tro chu t c thm ky hiu mi tn 4 chi u (xem hinh di).
Gi chu t tri v di chuyn th n ni khc.
Thay i kich thc thi
th l Embedded Chart , bm chu t tri ln th vng Chart Area chn th

c n thay i kich thc, khi o xung quanh thi xu t hi n 8 nt nm.
Di chuy n chu t vao cac nt nay , gi chu t tri v di chuyn hng vo tm thi
thu nho va hng ra ngoai phong to.
Trang 171
So chp o thi
Chn thi , dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chep thi vao b n h, r i di chuy n

n mt no trong bng tnh v bm <Ctrl+V> dan thi vao.
X o thi
Chn thi sau bm phm Delete xa thi . xa Chart Sheet, trc tin hy
chn Chart Sheet, sau b m chut phi va chn Delete t menu l i t t hin ra.
Thm c c th nh ph n c o thi
Chn thi chn Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S du ng cac

nhm lnh to cac thanh ph n tng ng trn thi c thit k sn nh ta , ch
thch, cc nhn, ng li,
Sp xp v x c c th nh ph n c o thi
Mt s thanh ph n trong thi c th di chuyn c nh ta , ch thch , nhn.

Mun di chuyn thanh ph n nao trc tin hy dng chut chn n , sau b m v
gi trai ti cnh ca than h ph n va keo n vi tr mi trong thi.
Ngoi ra c th vo Chart Tools Layout chn t cc danh sach thit k sn.
xa thanh ph n nao , bn ch c n dng chut chn thanh ph n va bm phm

Delete.
Cc thnh phn trn th
In o thi
In thi cng ging nh in cac i tng khac ca Excel lu y Print Preview trc
khi in m bo trang in c trn vn ni dung.
Nu bn mun in thi thanh mt trang ring thi hy chn thi va b m nt Print

in, khi Excel ch ra lnh in thi ma bn ang chn.
Trang 172
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th
Vic hiu chnh va inh

dng cac thanh ph n trn thi ta c th dng Ribbon hay dng cac
hp thoi. Cch d thc hin nht l b m chut phi ln thanh ph n c n inh
dng va chn
Format hay bm <Ctrl+1>. Sau y la minh ha hiu chnh va inh
dng mt s thanh
ph n ca thi.
Hiu chnh Chart Area
Chng ta c th hiu chnh mau sc, hiu ng, ng k, khung, bng cho Chart
Area bnh cach : chn Chart Area b m chut phi chn Format Chart
Area
inh
dng Chart Area
Ngoi ra bn c th vo Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape

Styles c cung cp rt nhiu mu inh
dng dng sn rt p.
Ghi ch:
Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thanh ph n ang chn
Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung va mau sc ca thanh ph n ang chn
Trang 173
Border Styles: Cc kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang chn.
Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang chn
3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thanh ph n ang chn.
inh
dng bng Ribbon
Hiu chnh Flot Area
Chn Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles chn kiu inh

dng
Mun phng to/ thu nh Plot Area B m chut tra i vao cac nt Plot Area va keo
hng vo Plot Area thu nh va hng ra ngoai Plot Area phng to.
Hiu chnh tiu o thi, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung,
Ty theo kiu thi ang

x ly ma Excel cho phep bn hiu chnh cac loi tiu ca kiu
thi .
thm tiu chnh cho thi vao : Chart Tools Layout Labels
Chart Title la chn kiu t danh sach
thm tiu cho tru c hoanh (hay tru c tung ) vo Chart Tools Layout
Labels Axis Titles la chn kiu t danh sach
Trang 174
thm ch thch vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend la

chn kiu t danh sch
thm nhn d liu vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels
la chn kiu t danh sach
thm bng d liu vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table
la chn kiu t danh sach.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn cc Text Box vo th Chart Tools Layout

Insert Text Box.
Hiu chnh ch thch cho thi t hp thoi Data Source
Hiu chnh ng li ngng v do c
Mun thm hay b ng li trc tin bn chn Plot Area, r i vo Chart Tools
Layout Axes Gridlines chn kiu ph hp t danh sach.
hiu chnh mau sc , kiu ca ng li nao thi chn n va vao Chart Tools
Format Shape Style chn kiu va mau sc theo nhu c u .
Trang 175
Hiu chnh cac truc Mun hiu chnh thng s cho tru c trn thi thi bn hy chn tru c
b m chut phi chn Format Axis Sau y la gii thch cac thng s trong hp thoi
Format Axis.
Hp thoi Format Axis ty theo gia tri ca tru c ma bn chn
Value Axis
H u ht cac thi trinh bay gia tri trn tru c tung va phn nhm trn tru c hoanh . Cc bn nn
chn th bit r hn cng du ng ca cac ty chn.
Minimum Xc inh
gia tri nh nht trn tru c (gi tr khi u)
o Auto Excel t xac inh

o Fixed Qui inh

gia tri nh nht cho tru c
Maximum Xc nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi tr kt thc)
Trang 176

o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc
Major unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia chnh trn trc.

o Fixed Qui inh

Minor unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia ph trn trc.

o Fixed Qui inh

Values in reverse order o th t sp xp cac gia tri trn tru c
Logarithmic scale Chuyn cac gia tri trn tru c sang h logarith vi c s do ta qui inh
ti
Base (khng th dng cho gia tri m hay bng 0)
Display units Chn n vi hin thi trn tru c.
Show display units label on chart Cho hin thi cac nhn n vi trn thi
Major tick mark type Qui inh

cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch chnh trn thi.
o None Khng s du ng
o Inside Hin thi pha bn trong tru c
o Outside Hin thi pha bn ngoai tru c
o Cross Hin thi ct ngang tru c
Minor tick mark type Qui inh

cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch phu trn thi .
Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc
o None Khng s du ng
o High Hin thi pha bn phi tru c
o Low Hin thi pha bn trai tru c
o Next to Axis Hin thi k bn tru c (theo mc inh)

Horizontal axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc honh (i vi
th 3-D chnh la ty chn Floor crosses at)
Trang 177
o Automatic Do Excel t xac inh.

o Axis value Xc nh gi tr m cc trc s giao nhau
o Maximum axis value Hai tru c se giao nhau ti gia tr ln nht trn trc (tung)
Category Axis
Interval between tick marks Xc nh s th hin cc nhm theo khong chia (c bao nhiu
nhm trong mt khong chia, thng la mt nhm).
Interval between labels Xc nh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia
o Automatic Excel t xac inh

(thng la 1)
o Specify interval unit Xc nh nhn s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn trc.
Categories in reverse order Cc nhm th hin theo th t ngc li
Label distance from axis Xc nh khong cch ca nhn so vi trc
Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis

cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch chnh trn thi .

Vertical axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc tung
o Automatic Do Excel t xac inh.

o At category number Xc nh s nhm m ti cc trc s giao nhau
o At maximum category Hai tru c se giao nhau ti gia tri ln nht trn tru c
Position Axis Qui inh

cach hin thi ca cac nhm va nhn trn tru c (Dng cho thi 2-D
area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay ky hiu phn cch
o Between tick marks Hin gia cac ky hiu phn cch
Time Scale Axis
Minimum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) nh nht trn tru c (ngy bt u)
Maximum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) ln nht trn tru c (ngy kt thc)
Trang 178
Major unit Xc nh khong chia chnh trn trc (n vi la ngay, thng hay nm)
Minor unit Xc nh khong chia ph trn trc (n vi la ngay, thng hay nm)
Base Unit Xc nh n v tnh cho trc
Dates in reverse order Hin thi theo

th t ngc li trn tru c
Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis

cach hin thi ky hiu phn cach chnh trn thi .

Vertical Axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch trc tung giao vi trc honh
o Between dates Do Excel t xac inh

o At date Giao nhau ti ngay do bn nhp vao
o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngay ln nht (g n y nht) trn tru c
Position Axis Qui inh

cach hin thi ca cac nhm va nhn trn tru c (Dng cho thi 2-D
area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay ky hiu phn cach
o Between tick marks Hin gia cac ky hiu phn cach
d. Cc tho tc vi chui s liu trong th
X bt mt chui s liu khi o thi
Chn chui s liu trn thi (V du : chn ng cung)
Bm phm Delete trn ban phm xt chui khi thi
Trang 179
Minh ha xa chui ng cung khi thi
Thm chui mi v o o thi
Chn thi c
n thm chui mi vao.
Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin.
B m nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chiu hoc nhp trc tip tn vao t bn
phm) v chn vng cha d liu ti Series Values
Ngoi ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi v o thi bng cach chep (Ctrl+C) d liu ca n
vo b nh, sau chn thi va dan (Ctrl+V) vo th.
Trang 180
Minh ha thm chui d liu ca thang 3/2008 vo th
Thy i chui s liu
Cng vi v du trn nhng ta mun ch ve cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp
Chn thi c n chnh sa
Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin.
Chn chui c n chnh sa, b m nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
Chn li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lm tng t cho cc chui s liu khc.
Trang 181
Minh ha thay i chui s liu
Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng hm Series cho th . C phap nh sau : =

Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) Trong :
Series_name: (ty chn ) tham chiu n cha tn chui , bn c th nhp vn bn trc

tip vao nh t trong cp nhay kep .
Category_labels: (ty chn) tham chiu n vng cha cac nhn cho cac nhm s liu trn
trc, nu b trng Excel t anh s cac nhm b t u la s 1. C th nhp trc tip cac nhn
vo Tab cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.
Values: (bt buc) tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca cac chui c n ve .
Order: (bt buc) L s nguyn qui nh th t v ca c c chui (nu thi c nhiu hn 1

chui)
Sizes: (ch dng cho thi bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng cha d liu
v kch thc ca bong bng trong thi kiu Bubble (s du ng trong phn tch ti chnh ).
Cc gi tr c th nhp trc tip Tab cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.
Trang 182
Minh ha hm Series ca chui s liu thang 3/2008
Thm ng xu hng v o o thi
Khi ve cac thi vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng ve thm ng xu hng bit
c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu . Mt tp s liu c th c nhiu ng xu
hng ty theo cach phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu hng bn vao :
Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline chn kiu ng xu hng t d anh

sch hay vo More Trendline Options
Trang 183
Minh ha thm ng xu hng vo thi
Trang 184
Chng 6. inh dng trang va in bng tnh
CHNG 6: NH DNG TRANG V IN BNG TNH
6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel

Excel 2010 h tr mnh hn trong vic in n, vi nhiu ch xem trc quan gip bn c th
thy c kt qu in ngay trn mn hnh.
C 3 ch hin th l Nornal View, Page Layout View v Page Break Preview. truy cp
cc ch xem vo nhm View chn Workbook Views chn kiu xem.
Normal View: y l ch bn s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh nhp liu,

tnh ton, trn bng tnh v l ch mc nh ca Excel.
Page Layout View: L ch xem trc khi in, trong ch ny bn vn c th tnh

ton v nhp liu.
Page Break Preview: Hin th bng tnh Excel vi cc du phn trang, ti y bn c

th chia li trang bng cch ko th cc ng chia cch trang.
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in

Tt c cc ty chn thit lp thng s trang in c ti nhm Page Layout nhm Page
Setup (Margins: ty chn l trang, Orientation: chiu trang ngang hay dc, Size: ty chn
kh giy, Print Area: ty chn vng in, Breaks: ty chn ngt trang, Background: chn hnh
nn, Print Titles: ty chn in tiu lp li trn mi trang,). Bn c th thit lp cc thng
s ti y hoc vo hp thoi Page Setup iu chnh. vo hp thoi Page Setup bn
vo nhm Page Layout n nhm Page Setup bm vo nt
Trang 185
Trang 186
Chiu trang in (Orientation)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Orientation chn Portrait (trang dc)/
chn Landscape (trang ngang)
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn tab Page Orientation chn chiu trang in
Portrait / Landscape
Kh giy (Size)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size chn kh giy

2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn tab Page Page size chn giy
Cn l giy (Margins)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Margins chn kiu cch l

2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn tab Margins nhp cc gi tr vo Top (l
trn), Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu u trang),
Footer (l tiu chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty chn canh gia: Horizontally (cn
gia trang theo chiu ngang) v Vertically (cn gia trang theo chiu dc)
Chn vng in (Set Print Area)
Qut chn vng cn in, vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Area Set
Print Area.
Ngt trang (Page Break)
Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt trang ti ct A,
sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Insert Page Break.
(Nu khng ct A s ngt trang theo chiu ngang v dc)
B tng du ngt trang: Di chuyn hin hnh n nm ngay di du, sau vo

Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Remove Page Break.
B tt c nh du ngt trang: Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks

Reset All Page Breaks.
Thm hnh nn (Background)
Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Background chn hnh lu tr trn my

bm nt Insert
In tiu dng v ct (Row and column headers)
Trang 187
Vo Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Headings chn Print
In tiu ct v dng lp li cc trang
B1. Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Title
B2. Ti Rows to repeat at top ta qut chn dng s 1 vo $1:$1
B3. Ti Columns to repeat at left ta qut chn ct A $A:$A
B4. Bm OK hon tt.
Hnh minh ha chn in lp li cc tiu dng 1 v ct A
iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh trang in
Trong mt s trng hp ta cn in nn hay phng to ni dung vo mt s trang nht nh khi

ta dng Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Scale. Ta c th thu nh ti liu n
10% v phng to ti 400%.
Ngoi ra ta c th p Excel in ti liu ra vi s trang ta qui nh ti Ribbon Page Layout

Scale To Fit Width v Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Height.
In ng li ca cc
Trang 188
in ng li k cc trong bng tnh ta chn Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options

Gridline Print.
Thm thng tin vo u trang v chn trang (Header v Footer)
Header cha cc thng tin xut hin u mi trang v Footer cha cc thng tin xut hin
cui mi trang. Cc phin bn trc ta dng tab Hearder/ Footer trong hp thoi Page Setup
thm Header v Footer nhng phin bn ny lm bng mt cch khc d dng v trc
quan hn, c bit c th chn hnh vo.
Vo Ribbon View chuyn sang ch xem Page Layout Tin hnh thm Header v
Footer vo.
Lu bn phi b m chut vo vng Header hoc Footer th nhm lnh Design mi hin ra.
Cc nt lnh trong thanh Design
Cc m lnh v nt lnh trong Header v Footer
Nt lnh M lnh Chc nng
&[Page] Hin th s trang ti liu
&[Pages] Hin th tng s trang c in
&[Date] Hin th ngy hin ti
&[Time] Hin th gi hin ti
&[Path]&[File] Hin th ng dn y n ni lu t p v Tn t p
&[File] Hin th tn t p
&[Tab] Hin th tn trang tin h
Trang 189
Khng c Chn hnh la chn vo. Bn phi tm n hnh cn chn

vo trong hp thoi Insert Picture, chn hnh v bm nt
Insert.
Khng c Thit lp cc thng c cho hnh chn vo.
Do Excel dng k hiu & bt u m lnh, do vy trong trng hp on vn bn trong

Header v Footer cn dng k hiu & th bn hy nhp k hiu ny 2 ln &&. V d bn
mun nhp Cng thc & Hm vo Header th hy nhp Cng thc && Hm. Cc la
chn khc ca Header v Footer:
Different First Page: Nu chn th bn c th thit lp thng tin khc vo header/

footer ca trang u tin so vi header/ footer ca cc trang cn li trong ti liu.
Different Odd & Even Pages: Nu chn, th bn c th t header/ footer khc nhau
cho cc trang chn v cc trang l.
Scale With Document: Nu chn, kch thc ch ca header/ footer s tng gim
theo ti liu khi ti liu s dng chc nng in c iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh.
Align With Page Margins: Nu chn, l tri v l phi ca header/ footer canh u
vi l tri v l phi ca ti liu.
6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print

gi hp thoi Print, bn chn nt Office chn Print hay bm t hp phm <Ctrl+P>.
Dng hp thoi ny chn my in, chn trang cn in, chn s lng bn sao v mt s ty
chn khc.
Trang 190
Selection: Ch in vng ang chn trc bm lnh Office Print
Active sheet(s): Ch in trang tinh hin hnh hay cc trang tinh ang chn.
Entire workbook: In ton b s lam vi c
Table: Ch c tc dng khi hin hnh ang trong mt bng, nu chn th ch in bng
ny.
Ignore print areas: Khi chn, Excel s b qua tt c cc thit lp vng in thc
hin.
Trang 191
6.4. Cc lu khc
Ngn khng cho in mt s vng
Trong mt s trng hp, d liu c cc thng tin nhy cm m bn khng mun in ra. Khi
bn lm theo cc cch sau. n cc dng hay ct cha thng tin . Home Cells
Format Chn lnh n.
T mu ch ging vi mu nn ca cc .
V hnh ln vng d liu nhy cm.
Ngn khng cho in cc i tng
Mt s i tng trn bng tnh nh th, hnh v, SmartArt m bn khng mun in th lm

nh sau:
B1. B m phi chut ln i tng v chn Size and Properties.
B2. Chn tab Properties trong hp thoi
B3. B la chn ti Print Object.
Trang 192
Chng 7 . Lam vic vi Macro, Templates
CHNG 7: LM VIC VI MACRO, TEMPLATES
7.1 Macro
Macros l cc tnh nng cao cp, c th lm tng tc chnh sa hay nh dng m bn c
th thc hin thng xuyn trong mt bng tnh Excel. Chng ghi li nhng hnh ng m
bn chn menu cho mt chui cc hnh ng c th c hon thnh trong mt
bc.
Ghi mt Macro
ghi mt Macro:
B m tab View trn vng Ribbon

B m Macros
B m Record Macro
Nhp tn cho Marco (khng cha du cch)

Nhp mt phm tt
Nhp vo mc Description gii thch hay m t
Trang 193
thc hin Macro:
B m Macro
B m Stop Recording
Thc thi Macro
thc thi mt Macro t phm tt, ch cn n vo phm m bn chn chy Macro.

Hoc bn c th xem tt c cc Macro v thc thi bng cch:
B m Macros
B m View Macros
Chn mt Macro v b m Run
Trang 194
Trang 195
Chng 8. Phm tt va Th thut
CHNG 8: PHM TT V TH THUT
8.1 Phm Tt
a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm
Mi nhn qua giao din Excel chng ta c th tng rng phi s dng Ribbon bng chut
khng th dng t hp <ALT+k t i din> v khng c cc k gch chn nh cc phin
bn trc. Tuy nhin thanh Ribbon vn c th truy cp bng bn phm.
Khi mun truy cp n cc nhm lnh trn thanh Ribbon nh Home, Insert, ta bm phm
ALT mt ln (khng cn gi phm ALT). Cc k t i din cho cc nhm lnh s hin ln,
bn ch cn bm phm trn bn phm tng ng k t i din cn truy cp. Ngoi ra bn cng
c th dng cc phm di chuyn trong thanh Ribbon.
bit k t i din cho cc nt lnh, bn hy bm t hp phm <ALT + k t i din

ca nhm lnh>. V d nhm lnh Page Layout (k t i din l P) <ALT+P>.
Khi mun thc hin mt lnh no trn thanh Ribbon th ta di chuyn () n

lnh v bm phm Enter hay dng <ALT + K t i din cho nt lnh>.
Khi mun tr li vng lm vic trn bng tnh, ta bm phm ALT mt ln hoc bm phm
ESC.
b. Phm tt
i lc con chut ca my tnh hi d chng v vic qung n i nhiu khi li l bin php hay
nht. Nu gp trng hp nh th th danh sch phm tt di y tht s cn thit cho bn v cho c
nhng ai cn con chut nhng mun thao tc nhanh hn:
Phm tt ngha
Enter Ci d liu vo , di chuyn xung di
ESC B qua d liu ang thay i
Trang 196
Phm tt ngha
F4 hay Ctrl+Y Lp li thao tc va lm
Alt+Enter Bt u dng mi trong
Backspace Xa k t bn tri hoc vng chn
Delete Xa k t bn phi hoc vng chn
Ctrl+Delete Xo tt c ch trong mt dng
Phm mi tn Di chuyn ln xung hoc qua li mt k t
Home Chuyn v u dng
Ctrl+D Chp d liu t trn xung di
Ctrl+R Chp d liu t bn tri qua phi
Shift+Enter Ghi d liu vo v di chuyn ln trn
trong vng chn
Tab Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua phi
vng chn
Shift+Tab Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua tri
vng chn
= Bt u mt cng thc
F2 Hiu chnh d liu trong
Backspace Xo k t bn tri trong ang hiu chnh
Ctrl+F3 t tn cho vng chn
F3 Dn mt tn t trong cng thc
F9 Cp nht tnh ton cc Trang tin h trong S lam vi c ang m
Shift+F9 Cp nht tnh ton trong trang tin h hin hnh
Alt+= Chn cng thc AutoSum
Trang 197
Phm tt ngha
Ctrl+; Cp nht ngy thng
Ctrl+Shift+: Nhp thi gian
Ctrl+K Chn mt Hyperlink
Ctrl+Shift+ Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+ Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+A Hin th Formula Palette sau khi b m mt tn hm vo cng

thc
Ctrl+Shift+A Chn du ( ) v cc i s ca hm sau khi nhp tn hm vo

cng thc
nh dng d liu
Phm tt ngha
Ctrl+1 Hin th lnh Cell trong menu Format
Ctrl+Shift+~ nh dng s kiu General
Ctrl+Shift+$ nh dng s kiu Curency vi hai ch s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+% nh dng s kiu Percentage (khng c ch s thp phn)
Ctrl+Shift+^ nh dng s kiu Exponential vi hai ch s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+# nh dng kiu Data cho ngy, thng, nm
Ctrl+Shift+? nh dng kiu Numer vi hai ch s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+& Thm ng vin ngoi
Ctrl+Shift+ - B ng vin
Ctrl+B Bt tt ch m, khng m
Ctrl+I Bt tt ch nghing, khng nghing
Ctrl+U Bt tt ch gch di
Trang 198
Phm tt ngha
Ctrl+5 Bt tt ch gch gia khng gch gia
Ctrl+9 n dng
Ctrl+Shift+( Hin th dng n
8.2 Th thut
Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch)
Bc 1. M t p cn chuyn >> Bm t hp phm Alt + F11 m trnh son tho VBA ca

Excell
Bc 2. B m chut phi ln VBA Project >> Insert >> Module >> v dn on m bn

di vo ca s ca Module mi chn
Function ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Temp
Dim Dollars, Cents
Dim DecimalPlace, Count
ReDim Place(9) As String
Place(2) = " Nghin "
Place(3) = " Trieu "
Place(4) = " Ty "
Place(5) = " Ngan ty "
' Convert MyNumber to a string, trimming extra spaces.
MyNumber = Trim(Str(MyNumber))
' Find decimal place.
DecimalPlace = InStr(MyNumber, ".")
' If we find decimal place
If DecimalPlace > 0 Then
Trang 199
' Convert cents
Temp = Left(Mid(MyNumber, DecimalPlace + 1) & "00", 2)
Cents = ConvertTens(Temp)
' Strip off cents from remainder to convert.
MyNumber = Trim(Left(MyNumber, DecimalPlace - 1))
End If
Count = 1
Do While MyNumber <> ""
' Convert last 3 digits of MyNumber to English dollars.
Temp = ConvertHundreds(Right(MyNumber, 3))
If Temp <> "" Then Dollars = Temp & Place(Count) & Dollars
If Len(MyNumber) > 3 Then
' Remove last 3 converted digits from MyNumber.
MyNumber = Left(MyNumber, Len(MyNumber) - 3)
Else
MyNumber = ""
End If
Count = Count + 1
Loop
' Clean up dollars.
Select Case Dollars
Case ""
Dollars = "khong Nghin"
Case "One"
Dollars = "Mot Nghin"
Case Else
Dollars = Dollars & " Nghin"
Trang 200
End Select
' Clean up cents.
Select Case Cents
Case ""
Cents = " va khong Dong"
Case "One"
Cents = " va mot Dong"
Case Else
Cents = " va " & Cents & " Dong"
End Select
ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese = Dollars & Cents
End Function
Private Function ConvertHundreds(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Result As String
' Exit if there is nothing to convert.
If Val(MyNumber) = 0 Then Exit Function
' Append leading zeros to number.
MyNumber = Right("000" & MyNumber, 3)
' Do we have a hundreds place digit to convert?
If Left(MyNumber, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = ConvertDigit(Left(MyNumber, 1)) & " Tram "
End If
' Do we have a tens place digit to convert?
If Mid(MyNumber, 2, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = Result & ConvertTens(Mid(MyNumber, 2))
Else
' If not, then convert the ones place digit.
Trang 201
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Mid(MyNumber, 3))
End If
ConvertHundreds = Trim(Result)
End Function
Private Function ConvertTens(ByVal MyTens)
Dim Result As String
' Is value between 10 and 19?
If Val(Left(MyTens, 1)) = 1 Then
Select Case Val(MyTens)
Case 10: Result = "Muoi"
Case 11: Result = "Muoi mot"
Case 12: Result = "Muoi hai"
Case 13: Result = "Muoi ba"
Case 14: Result = "Muoi bon"
Case 15: Result = "Muoi lam"
Case 16: Result = "Moi sau"
Case 17: Result = "Muoi bay"
Case 18: Result = "Muoi tam"
Case 19: Result = "Muoi chin"
Case Else
End Select
Else
' .. otherwise its between 20 and 99.
Select Case Val(Left(MyTens, 1))
Case 2: Result = "Hai muoi "
Case 3: Result = "Ba muoi "
Case 4: Result = "Bon muoi "
Trang 202
Case 5: Result = "Nam muoi "
Case 6: Result = "Sau muoi "
Case 7: Result = "Bay muoi "
Case 8: Result = "Tam muoi "
Case 9: Result = "Chin muoi "
Case Else
End Select
' Convert ones place digit.
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Right(MyTens, 1))
End If
ConvertTens = Result
End Function
Private Function ConvertDigit(ByVal MyDigit)
Select Case Val(MyDigit)
Case 1: ConvertDigit = "Mot"
Case 2: ConvertDigit = "Hai"
Case 3: ConvertDigit = "Ba"
Case 4: ConvertDigit = "Bon"
Case 5: ConvertDigit = "Nam"
Case 6: ConvertDigit = "Sau"
Case 7: ConvertDigit = "Bay"
Case 8: ConvertDigit = "Tam"
Case 9: ConvertDigit = "Chin"
Case Else: ConvertDigit = ""
End Select
End Function
Bc 3. Bm phm Alt + F11 mt ln na v bm Ctrl + S save li ton b ti liu.
Trang 203
Bc 4. n y, bn c th s dng cng thc =ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3)

chuyn i tin t t s v ch (vi B3 l s tin bng ch s)
V d: B3 c gi tr l: 123456 th kt qu =ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3) tr v l Mot

Tram Hai muoi Ba Nghin Bon Tram Nam muoi Sau Nghin va khong Dong
Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip

Trong cng vic vn phng, nu bn cn giu mt bng tnh trong ti liu Excel m khng mun
ngi khc dng lnh Format > Sheet > Unhide xem bng tnh, m theo cch thng thng khi bn
dng lnh Format > Sheet > Hide giu cc bng tnh (nu khng c bo v bng mt khu) th
ch cn ngi khng chuyn thi cng c th dng lnh Format > Sheet > UnHide lm cho n
hin ra bng tnh ri.
Nhng khi bn p dng th thut ny th bng tnh ca bn s c an ton hn rt nhiu v y cng

l mt "phng n" mi cc bn c tham kho v c thm c nhiu s la chn trong cng vic
ca mnh cch thc hin nh sau: Trong bng tnh cn c bo mt, bn hy bm ALT+F11 m
ca s Microsoft Visual Basic ra. Trong ca s Project - VBA Project, bm p vo VBA Project, tip
tc bm p vo Microsoft Excel Objects m cc bng tnh trong ti liu sau ri chn bng tnh
m bn mun giu -> ri bm F4. Trong ty chn Visible bn nhp vo du tam gic chn 2-
xlSheetVeryHidden, cui cng ng Microsoft Visual Basic ny li v xem kt qu th no Khi no
mun bng tnh hin ra tr li, th bn ch cn thc hin li cc thao tc trn v chn -1-xlSheetVisible
l c.
Trang 204
1. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc
Chiu ny gip bn cho php ngi khc thay i cc c cha d liu, nhng cm h
thay i cc cha cng thc. Bn cng c th bo v cc c cha cng thc m khng
cn phi bo v ton b trang tnh ca bn.
Khi to mt bng tnh, thng chng ta s phi dng n mt s cng thc, v khi chia s
bng tnh cho mi ngi, c th bn mun rng, khng ai c th can thip (xa, sa...) vo
nhng c cha cng thc. Cch d nht l cng ph bin nht l Protect (bo v) bng tnh.
Tuy nhin, Protect bng tnh khng ch ngn khng cho can thip vo cc cha cng thc,
m n khng cho can thip vo tt c, ngha l khng ai c th lm g bng tnh ca bn. i
khi, bn li khng mun nh vy, bn ch mun bo v cc cha cng thc thi, cn nhng
cha d liu th khng.
C ba gii php thc hin iu ny: Kha nhng cha cng thc, s dng chc nng
Data-validation cho cc cha cng thc, v t ng bt tt chc nng bo v.
Kha cc cha cng thc
Theo mc nh, tt c cc trong bng tnh u c kha (locked), tuy nhin, n chng c
tc dng g tr khi bn p dng lnh Protect bng tnh. y l cch d nht p dng lnh
Protect cho bng tnh, nhng ch nhng cha cng thc th mi b kha, v c bo v:
Chn ton b bng tnh, bng cch bm Ctrl+A, hoc bm vo ci vung nm giao im
ca ct A v hng 1. Ri bm nt chut phi v chn Format Cells, ri trong tab Protection,
b nh du ty chn Locked, ri bm OK:
Trang 205
M kha (Unlock) toan b bng tnh bng cch b ty chn Locked
Sau , bn chn i mt no , chn Home Find & Select Go To Special; hoc
bm Ctrl+G hay F5 ri bm vo nt Special.... Hp thoi sau y s m ra:
Dng hp thoi Go To Special chn cc c cha cng thc
Trong hp thoi , bn bm vo ty chn Formulas, v nu cn thit th chn hoc khng

chn thm 4 nh di (lit k cc loi cng thc, mc nh th c 4 ny u c chn),
Trang 206
v bm OK. Sau , bn m li hp thoi Format Cells ni trn, nhng ln ny th bn

nh du vo ty chn Locked, v nu bn thch n lun cng thc (khng cho thy) th nh
du vo ty chn Hidden, bm OK.
Vic cui cng l Protect bng tnh: Chn Home trn Ribbon, bm vo Format trong nhm
Cells, ri bm vo Protect Sheet...; hoc chn Review trn Ribbon, ri bm vo Protect
Sheet [E2003: Tools | Protection | Protect Worksheet]:
Chn Protect Sheet t Home
Chn Protect Sheet t Review
Trong hp thoi Protect Sheet, b nh du ty chn Select locked cells, ch cho php
Select unlocked cells (chn nhng khng kha), v nhp vo mt password, nu cn thit:
Trang 207
B ty chn Select locked cells trong hp thoi Protect Sheet
Vy l xong. T by gi, nhng cha cng thc ca bn s c bo v, c th khng xem

thy c nu bn chn Hidden, bn khng lo nhng cng thc ny b can thip na.
S dng Data-validation
S dng Data-validation, ch l n gin khng cho ghi vo nhng c cha cng thc,
ngha l khng cho sa cng thc. Tuy nhin, phng php ny ch phng nga cho chnh
bn, ngha l trnh vic ty my sa li ci g trong nhng cha cng thc, ch tht ra,
mc d c "Validation", bn vn c th xa cng thc, hoc dn vo nhng bt k
d liu no bn thch... Ni chung n khng bo v c g nhiu. Nhng cng xin ni s qua
v phng php ny:
thc hin, bn hy chn nhng cha cng thc bng chc nng Go To Specials m ti
ni trn. Ri, vi nhng cha cng thc ang c chn, bn gi Data Validation t
menu Data trn Ribbon [E2003: Data | Validation]. Trong hp thoi ny, chn tab Settings,
chn Custom cho khung Allow, v nhp cng thc ny: =" " vo khung Formula, ri bm
OK, nh hnh sau:
Trang 208
S dng Data Validation bo v nhng cha cng thc
K t y, mi khi bn nhp bt k th g vo trong nhng cha cng thc, hoc bn mun

sa li cng thc, s c mt cnh bo xut hin, ngn khng cho bn nhp vo. Xin nhc li,
phng php ny khng cm vic xa hn cng thc, cng nh dn th g vo nhng
cha cng thc.
T ng bt tt chc nng bo v
Phng php ny, s t ng bt chc nng bo v bng tnh (Protect) mi khi bn chn mt
c kha (locked), nhng n cng s t ng tt chc nng bo v khi bn chn mt
khng b kha.
bt u, bn hy chc chn rng nhng bn mun bo v ( cha cng thc) c

kha, cn nhng khng cn bo v th khng b kha, nh ti trnh by phng php
th nht. Sau , bn bm Alt+F11, bm vo Trang tinh m bn mun bo v cc kha
trong , ri nhp vo trong khung son tho on code sau y:
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
If Target.Locked = True Then
Me.Protect Password:="Secret"
Else
Me.Unprotect Password:="Secret"
End If
Trang 209
End Sub
Nu khng cn n password, bn khng cn dng on Password:="Secret", hoc nu mun

Password l th g khc, bn sa li ch Secret bng ci bn mun.
Nu bn lo rng ngi ta c th vo trong khung son tho VBA xem password, bn c th

bo v cc code ny (khng cho xem) bng cch chn Tools VBAProject Properties,
chn tab Properties, chn Lock Project for Viewing, v nhp vo mt password.
Tuy nhin, phng php ny cng khng hot ng hon ho, mc d n cng gip bn c
phn no vic bo v cc cng thc. T kha Target c s dng trong on code s ch
tham chiu n ang "active" ngay ti thi im n c chn (xin ni thm, cho d bn
chn mt dy, nhng trong dy , ch c mt "active" m thi, l ang c mu khc vi
nhng cn li). V l do ny, nu mt ngi no chn mt dy cc (vi "active"
khng b kha), th ngi c th xa ton b dy ny, bi v khi th chc nng
Unprotect c t ng bt!
S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Trang tinh

khc
S dng Data-Validation l mt cch d nht p dng mt quy tc nhp liu cho mt

dy d liu. Theo mc nh, Excel ch cho php Data-Validation s dng nhng danh sch
ngun nm trong cng mt Trang tinh vi dy d liu s c p dng quy tc ny. Tuy
nhin, vn c cch lch khi chuyn .
Chiu ny s gip bn lm cho Data-Validation c th s dng nhng danh sch ngun nm

trong mt Trang tinh khc. Cch th nht l li dng chnh vic t tn cho mt dy ca
Excel, cch th hai l s dng mt hm gi ra danh sch .
Cch 1: S dng Name cho dy ngun
C l cch nhanh nht v d nht vt qua ro cn Data-Validation ca Excel l t tn

cho dy m bn s dng lm quy tc nhp liu. bit cch t tn cho dy, bn xem lot
bi ny: S dng tn cho dy.
Gi s bn t tn cho dy s dng lm quy tc nhp liu l MyRange. Bn chn (hoc

dy) trong bt k Trang tinh no m bn mun c mt danh sch th ra nhp liu, ri trong
menu Data trn Ribbon, bn chn Data Tools | Data Validation [E2003: Data | Validation].
Chn List trong danh sch cc Allow, v trong khung Source, bn nhp vo =MyRange. Bm
Trang 210
OK. Bi v bn s dng mt Name lm List, nn bn c th p dng Data-Validation

ny cho bt k Trang tin h no.
Cch 2: S dng hm INDIRECT
Hm INDIRECT() cho php bn tham chiu n cha d liu text i din cho mt a ch
. V ri bn c th s dng nh mt tham chiu cc b, cho d n tham chiu n d
liu trong mt Trang tinh khc. Bn c th s dng tnh nng ny tham chiu n ni cha
dy m bn s dng lm danh sch ngun cho quy tc Data-Validation.
Gi s, dy cha danh sch ngun ny nm Sheet1, trong dy $A$1:$A$8. to mt

Dala-Validation, bn cng lm nhng bc nh ti ni cch 1, nhng thay v g tn dy
vo trong Source, th bn nhp vo cng thc: =INDIRECT("Sheet1!$A$1:$A$8"). Hy
chc chn rng ty chn In-cell drop-down ang c kch hot, v bm OK.
Trang 211
Nu tn Trang tinh ca bn c cha khong trng, hoc c du ting Vit, bn phi t tn

Trang tinh trong mt cp nhy n ('). V d, gi s tn Trang tinh cha danh sch ngun l
Sheet 1 (ch khng phi Sheet1), th bn sa cng thc trn li nh sau: =INDIRECT("'Sheet
1'!$A$1:$A$8"). Ch khc nhau so vi cng thc hi ny l c thm mt du nhy n (') sau
du nhy kp ("), v mt du nhy n (') na trc du chm than (!).
Xin m mt ngoc n: Nu nh c th c, khi gp nhng tham chiu n tn Trang tin h,

bn nn tp thi quen lun lun b n vo trong cp du nhy n. iu ny, tuy chng c tc
dng g vi nhng tn trang tin h nh Sheet1, DMHH... nhng n s gip bn khng bao gi
gp li, khi bn hay t tn Trang tinh c khong trng, hay l c b du ting Vit...
u im v Khuyt im ca c hai cch nu trn
t tn cho dy, v dng hm INDIRECT, u c ci tin li v c ci bt tin.
Tin li ca vic t tn cho dy, l vic bn thay i tn Trang tinh chng c nh hng g
n Data-Validation. V chnh l ci bt tin ca vic dng INDIRECT, khi bn i tn
Trang tin h, tn mi s khng t ng cp nht trong cng thc dng INDIRECT, cho nn nu
vn mun dng cng thc ny, bn phi m Data-Validation ra v sa li tn Trang tin h trong
cng thc.
Tin li ca vic dng INDIRECT, l dy dng lm danh sch ngun ca bn lun lun nm
yn ch chn (A1:A8 trong v d trn chng hn). Cn nu bn dng Name, m bn l tay
xa mt vi hng (hoc ct) ngay ch cha Name, th bn phi iu chnh li cho ng...
Trang 212
iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox.
Mc d Conditional Formating l 1 trong nhng chiu mnh ca Excel, nhng mun bt hay
tt n bng ribbon hay menu th kh bc bi. By gi ta bin ho bng cch iu khin bng 1
checkbox ging nh 1 cng tc (hoc 1 ci toggle Button cng ging hn).
Conditional Formating c t i Excel 97, gn nh dng cho nhng no tha mn 1 s iu

kin no . iu kin c th l 1 iu kin v gi tr, nhng ta c th tu bin nhiu hn khi
dng iu kin l cng thc, da vo ta c th thay i nh dng cho nhng ny, khi c
s thay i gi tr ca khc.
1. Dng 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button xem v n d liu:
Bn mun mt vng d liu no ch hin ra lc cn xem, xem xong th n i. Trc tin

bn phi gn ln sheet 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button. Trong Excel 2010, vo tab
Developer, bm Insert trong Controls - chn Checkbox hoc Toggle Button trong Control
Toolbox, trong Excel 2003 chn trong view Toolbar Control Toolbox, v ln sheet 1 ci.
Trong hnh, ti lm th 2 ci.
.................
Bm vo nt design, b m chn ci control bn va v, bm thm nt Property. Trong ca s

Property, sa dng Caption thnh View/ Hide, sa dng Linked Cell thnh $C$2. (c 2010 v
2003 nh nhau, c checkbox v Toggle Button nh nhau).
Trang 213
By gi khi bn b m chn checkbox hoc bm nt Toggle, C2 s ln lt c cc gi tr

TRUE v FALSE.
..................
By gi gi s vng d liu ca bn gm 4 trng, trong bn ch mun 3 trng hin

thng xuyn, cn trng th 4 th khi no cn mi hin ra xem, khng cn th du i. Bn
nh du chn vng cha trng 4, trong 2010 bn vo tab Home, Conditional Formating,
New Rule, chn tip use a formula to determine which cells to format, trong 2003 l Fornat
- Conditional Formating - chn tip Formula is. Trong k bn, bn g: = $C$2=FALSE.
Trang 214
Bm vo nt Format, nh dng phng ch mu trng. Bm OK v OK. Bm nt design 1 ln

na thot ta khi ch design Mode. V bm nt toggle hoc b m chn ci checkbox
xem kt qu.
Trang 215
............
Nu bn khng thch th nh dng C2 ch trng lun, khi thy ch TRUE, FALSE hin
ln.
2. Tt m nh dng mu cho :
Dng Conditional Formating nhm t mu theo iu kin gip ta d tm c nhng c

gi tr c bit cho trc. Excel 2010 c nhiu nh dng khc nhau cho gi tr s nm trong
khong cho trc. Nhng bin php m tt bng checkbox l khng c sn.
Trang 216
Tng t nh phn trn, ta to ra 1 checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button link ti $C$2. Nhng
ln ny ta t name cho n l IsFill chng hn. Ta cng t name cho $A$2 l BeginNum v
$B$2 l EndNum, vi A2 l gii hn di th d 100, v B2 l gii hn trn th d 1.000.
Trong vng d liu B5:B16, ta mun gi tr no nm trong khong BeginNum v EndNum s

c t mu. Vy dng conditional Formating nh trn, chn vng C8:C18, ln ny cng
thc l:
=AND($C8>=BeginNum,$C8<=EndNum,IsFill)
Chn cho n 1 nh dng mu theo mun.
Kt qu: khi bm button hoc b m checkbox thay i trng thi thnh True, cc cha s
trong khong (100, 1.000) s c t mu, cc cn li khng t. Khi thay i thnh False,
cc tr li bnh thng.
ng thi, v bn t cng thc lin quan n BeginNum v EndNum, nn khi thay i 2 s

ny, kt qu t mu cng thay i.
.....
Trang 217
.......
Bn thy y, nu bn cha xem bi ny m thy 1 t p tng t ca ngi khc, bn c th

lm tng ngi ta s dng code ca VBA.
nh du nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting

Khi mt c cha d liu, bn c th mun bit d liu trong n thun l d liu nhp
vo, hay d liu l kt qu ca 1 cng thc. Bn c th ch cn b m chn v xem trn
thanh cng thc. Bn cng c th dng phm tt Ctrl + ~ chuyn qua li gia ch xem
gi tr v xem cng thc.
Chiu s 19 ny s gii thiu vi bn 1 hm t to, kt hp vi Conditional Formatting

nh du cha cng thc. Bng cch ny c th gip bn tm ra tt c nhng cha cng
thc trong s 10.000 m khng phi ng tng mt.
Mc d bn c th dng 1 hm c sn ca Macro4 trong Conditional Formatting, nh sau:
Trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting, chn cng thc, g cng thc ny: =
CELL(type,A1). Nhng hn ch ca vic dng hm Cell() l cng thc s t tnh li mi
khi c s thay i nh xu trong bng tnh. V Cell() l 1 hm thuc loi volatile. Khi Excel
tnh li Cell() cho 10.000 nh trn s khin cho bn bc mnh v ch i.
Do bn hy dng tuyt chiu sau y, n gin, d lm v khng phi hm loi volatile:
Trang 218
Bn hy bm Alt F11 vo ca s VBA, bm chut phi vo This Workbook insert vo

1 module. Nhp on code sau vo khung son tho:
Function IsFormula (CheckCells As Range)
IsFormula = CheckCells.HasFormula
End Function
Do tnh cht ca Property HasFormula, hm bn mi to s tr v cc gi tr l lun True,

False. Ngha l khi bn g vo bt k cng thc = IsFormula(A1) s cho kt qu True nu
A1 cha cng thc v cho kt qu False nu A1 cha gi tr.
ng ca s VBA li, tr v bng tnh. By gi nh du ton b vng d liu ca bn (c

th chn d ra mt s ct v dng, phng khi bn cp nht thm d liu) sao cho A1 l
hin hnh.
Bng cch nh chiu s 18, bn vo c ch cn thit g cng thc trong hp thoi

Conditional Formatting, v g vo:
=IsFormula(A1), sau nh dng t mu hoc i mu ch cho khc nhng cn li.
Sau khi bm OK bn s c kt qu l tt c nhng cha cng thc s c t mu. Nu

bn thm hoc thay i 1 , nu tr thnh cng thc th lp tc i mu.
i khi bn khng thy kt qu, v anh Bill lanh chanh v chm hiu, anh ta cho rng cng
thc s dng hm ca bn l 1 text nn nh t sa thnh: =IsFormula(A1). Vy bn phi
vo ch c sa li.
By gi mi khi bn sa hoc thm 1 tr thnh cng thc, s c mu. ngc li, nu

bn sa 1 cng thc thnh gi tr hoc thm gi tr vo 1 , s khng c mu.
S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong

mun.
Khi nhp d liu hay khi sao chp v dn d liu t ngun khc vo Excel th cc k t khng
mong mun s xut hin trong ton b bng tnh ca bn. S dng chiu ny bn c th khc
phc c nhng rc ri khi g b cc k t khng mong mun bng tay. Chc nng thay th
(replace) trong Excel c th gip bn g b cc k t khng mong mun trong bng tnh,
nhng phi qua mt vi bc ph.
Trang 219
V d nh, bn c th thay th nhng k t khng mong mun bng chui rng ta nh n

cha h tn ti. Mun vy bn cn bit m ca tng k t m bn mun g b. Tt c cc k
t u mang mt m ring v Excel s cho bn bit n l g khi bn s dng hm CODE.
Hm CODE s tr v mt m s cho k t u tin trong mt chui. M ny tng ng k

t m my tnh ca bn thit lp.
thc hin iu ny, chn mt trong cc c cha nhng k t khng mong mun. T
thanh cng thc, bi en k t v sao chp k t . Tip theo chn trng bt k (A1 chng
hn) v dn k t vo chn (A1).
Ti khc, nhp cng thc sau:
=CODE($A$1)
Cng thc ny tr v m ca k t khng mong mun.
Chn ton b d liu ca bn, chn Home Editing Find & Select Replace (vi phin
bn trc Excel 2010: chn Edit Replace), khung Find what: bm phim Alt v g s 0
km theo code a ra bi cng thc trn. Nu m s l 163 th bm Alt v bm 0163.
(Hoc bn c th con tr chut ti c k t khng mong mun, sao chp k t v dn
vo Find what cng c)
B trng khung Replace With v bm Replace all. Vic lm ny s xa b tt c nhng k t

khng mong mun rt nhanh qua vic d tm m k t. Lp li cc bc trn cho mi k t
khng mong mun tip theo.
Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc.
Cc gi tr s (number) trong Excel c mc nh cn l phi v vn bn (text) th cn l tri.

Do vy, cch n gin nhn bit cc gi tr s v vn bn trong mt ct trn bng tnh l
bn thit lp ch cn l mc nh cho ct . Bn vo Home nhm Alignment chn
Format Cells vo Tab Alignment chn General ti hp Horizontal thit lp vic cn
l mc nh cho ct ang chn bm OK ng hp thoi Format Cells li.
Trang 220
Bn ko ct rng ra mt t phn bit vic cn l, khi bn s thy cc gi tr s, ngy

thng s c cn l phi v vn bn s c cn l tri.
Dng Paste Special chuyn gi tr s dng vn bn sang s thc
y l cch nhanh v d dng nht chuyn cc gi tr s dng vn bn sang s thc. Cc

bc thc hin nh sau:
Chn mt trng no v bm lnh Copy (Ctrl + C) qut chn vng s liu dng vn bn
nh chuyn i (v d nh vng A1:A9 hnh trn) b m chut phi v chn Paste
Special chn Add ti nhm Operation bm OK hon tt.
Trang 221
Vic lm trn s gip chuyn ton b cc con s dng vn bn sang s thc, v rng c gi
tr l 0 v khi bn cng bt k s no vo mt con s lu di dng vn bn trong Excel th
bn lm cho con s dng vn bn chuyn thnh s thc.
Dng cc hm TEXT chuyn i
Bn c th p dng nguyn tc nh cch trn vo mt s hm c sn ca Excel thc hin

vic chuyn i. Thng thng, khi bn dng mt hm thuc nhm TEXT v kt qu tr v
di dng con s th Excel vn xem con s l gi tr dng vn bn.
Gi s bn c mt vng d liu A1:A7 nh hnh sau:
Bn dng hai hm trong nhm TEXT l LEFT v FIND tch cc gi tr ra khi cc chui
vn bn nh sau:
=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1)
Sau khi dng hm tch phn gi tr ra th cc kt qu tr v vn c Excel xem nh l vn

bn v chng c cn l tri nh hnh sau:
Do vy, bn cn phi hiu chnh cng thc tc chui trn mt t kt qu tr v l cc con s

thc s bng cch cng thm s 0 vo sau cng thc trn:
=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1) + 0
Trang 222
Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel
Tt c chng ta u quen thuc vi chc nng Undo ca Excel, cho php chng ta lm li
nhng sai lm ca mnh. Tuy nhin, mc nh, chng ta ch c th Undo c 16 ln. Chiu
ny gip bn c th tng s ln Undo ln nhiu hn, c th n 100 ln.
Khi bn s dng chc nng Undo ca Excel, v bn thc hin Undo 16 ln, th nt Undo b
m i, khng th Undo c na. Ngoi ra, khi bn bm nt Save lu bng tnh, th nt
Undo cng b m i, v danh sch nhng tc v (nhng hnh ng thc hin trn bng
tnh) m bn thc hin b mt sch. l do khi bn lu bng tnh, Excel cho rng bn
hi lng vi bng tnh ny (th mi bm Save), v n thy rng khng cn thit phi gi li
danh sch nhng tc v trc khi lu na.
Bn c th thy rng, quay lui li 16 ln l khng , nhng lm cch no tng s ln ny

ln? Ngha l lm cch no tng danh sch cc tc v ca bn ln? Tha rng, c cch, v
bn c th tng con s ny ln n 100 ln.
lm iu ny, trc ht, bn hy thot khi Excel. Sau bn chy lnh Run ca
Windows (Start | Run, hoc bm phm Window + R), g vo Regedit.exe v bm OK.
Khi bn m c chng trnh Regedit, hy tm n kha:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Office \ 11.0 \ Excel \ Options
Con s 11.0 trn y c th khc, v d vi Excel2000 th n l 10.0, vi Excel 2010 th n

l 12.0
Trang 223
Bm Edit | New | DWORD Value (xem hnh). Mt mc mi New Value #1 s c to ra

trong khung bn phi, bn nhp vo ch UndoHistory, v bm Enter.
Trang 224
Bm p (double-click) vo mc UndoHistory mi to, ri g vo hp thoi m ra mt con

s bt k, min l ln hn 16 v nh hn 100. Bm OK, ri thot Regedit.
Bn hy khi ng li Excel v th lm g trong , ri bm vo nt Undo xem bn c th

Undo c bao nhiu ln nh. Hy vng rng Undo 100 ln, l qu cho bn. Tuy nhin,
nu bn bm lu bng tnh, th danh sch cc tc v c th Undo.
Trang 225
Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel
Bc 1: Khi nhp liu vo bng tnh Excel, thng thng ta nhp c h v tn vo cng mt
. Tuy nhin, c khi sau ta cn phi tch ring tn ra khi h v tn m, nu lm th cng
bng thao tc sao chp ri dn qua khc th s rt bt tin. Nu s dng hm Right kt hp
vi mt vi hm khc th cng c th cho ra kt qu nh bn mun, nhng trong mt s
trng hp s cho kt qu khng chnh xc. C mt phng php ti u hn s gip bn hon
thnh tt cng vic ny, cch thc hin cng kh n gin nh sau:
Bc 2: - Trn bng tnh cha ct h tn cn tch, bm Alt+F11
Bc 3: - Tip theo, bn bm menu Insert v chn Module s xut hin mt ca s son tho.
Bc 4: Bn nhp on m lnh sau vo ca s son tho:
Private Function Tachten(ten As String, lg As Integer)
Dim j As Integer
Name = Trim(ten)
For j = Len(Name) To 1 Step -1
If Mid(Name, j, 1) = " " Then
If lg = "1" Then
Tachten = Right(Name, Len(Name) - j)
Else
Tachten = Left(Name, j)
End If
Trang 226
Exit For
End If
Next
End Function
Bc 5:- Bn bm Ctrl+S lu li v quay tr v bng tnh Excel.
Bc 6:- By gi tin hnh tch ring h v tn m vo mt mi, bn t con tr ti

mi cha h v tn m ri nhp vo cng thc =TachTen(B3,0) v bm Enter s thy ngay
kt qu.
- tch ring tn vo mt mi, bn t con tr ti s cha tn cn tch v nhp vo cng

thc =TachTen(B3,1) ri bm Enter l xong.
Ghi ch: B3 chnh l a ch ca ban u cha c h, tn m v tn.
To mc lc trong Excel
Nu bn tn qu nhiu thi gian trong mt workbook (s lam vi c) vi rt nhiu worksheet

(trang tnh), bn s cm thng c s kh khn trong vic tm kim mt trang tnh no .
Khi , c l ta nn lp mt ch mc cc trang tnh ang c thun tin cho vic iu hng
trong bng tnh.
Bng cch s dng mt ch mc cc trang tnh s cho php bn nhanh chng v d dng iu
hng trong bng tnh, ch bng mt c b m chut s a bn n chnh xc ni bn mun
n m khng lo b nhm ln. Bn c th to mt ch mc trong mt vi cch: bng tay, t
ng to ra bi m VBA, hoc l s dng trnh n ty chn theo ng cnh (thm ch c th
dng cc hm Macro4 khng trnh by y).
To ch mc th cng
Cch ny rt d lm, bn ch cn chn mi mt trang tinh v t cho n mt ci tn, v d nh

tn l Index. Sau , bn nhp vo tn ca cc trang tinh c trong s lam vi c v to cc siu
lin kt (hyperlink) n cc trang tin h tng ng vi tn m bn nhp.
to hyperlink bn chn tn trang tinh, sau vo Insert | chn Hyperlink ti nhm Links
| Insert | Hyperlinks] hoc bm phm tt l Ctrl+K m hp thoi Insert Hyperlink.
Trang 227
Chn Place in This Document v chn tn Trang tinh mun kt ni ti. Bm nt OK

hon tt.
Phng php ny ph hp khi bng tnh khng c qu nhiu trang tinh v tn trang tinh
khng c s thay i thng xuyn, nu khng s gy ra nhiu kh khn cho cng tc bo tr
trang ch mc.
To ch mc t ng bng cch s dng VBA
Mt cch thay th khc l s dng VBA t ng to ra cc ch mc. on m sau y s t

ng to ra mt bng ch mc lin kt n tt c cc trang tin h m bn c trong s lam vi c .
Bng ch mc ny s c to li mi khi trang tinh lu ch mc c chn.
on m ny phi c t trong private module ca Trang tin h cha ch mc. Chn mt

trang tin h mi vo s lam vi c v t tn cho n l Index chng hn. B m chut phi vo tn
trang tinh va to v chn ViewCode t trnh n ng cnh hoc bm t hp phm Alt+F11.
Nhp on m VBA sau vo ca s Code:
Private Sub Worksheet_Activate()
Dim wSheet As Worksheet
Dim lCount As Long
lCount = 1
With Me
.Columns(1).ClearContents
Trang 228
.Cells(1, 1) = "INDEX"
End With
For Each wSheet In Worksheets
If wSheet.Name <> Me.Name Then
lCount = lCount + 1
With wSheet
.Range("A1").Name = "Start" & wSheet.Index
.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=.Range("A1"), Address:="", SubAddress:= _
"Index", TextToDisplay:="Back to Index"
End With
Me.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Me.Cells(lCount, 1), Address:="", SubAddress:= _
"Start" & wSheet.Index, TextToDisplay:=wSheet.Name
End If
Next wSheet
End Sub
Bm t hp phm Alt+Q thot VBE v tr v ca s bng tnh, sau lu bng tnh li.
chy on m va to, bn dng chut chn sang trang tnh khc trong s lam vi c v sau
chn li trang tin h Index kch hot s kin Worksheet_Activate.
Lu rng, on m s cc t tn (Name) cho cc A1 mi trang tin h km theo s ch

mc ca trang tin h trong bng tnh (trang tin h u tin c ch mc l 1, k l 2, 3. n).
iu ny bo m rng A1 trn mi trang tnh c mt tn khc nhau. Nu A1 trn trang
tnh ca bn c t tn, bn nn cn nhc n vic thay i A1 trong on m sang
mt a ch khc ph hp hn.
Lu , nu bn c thit lp Hyperlink base (siu lin kt c s) trong s lam vi c th cc

hyperlink c to ra t on m trn s khng th hot ng c, do chng lin kt n
cc Name trong s lam vi c hin hnh. Khi thuc tnh hyperlink base c thit lp th cc
siu lin kt s tr n hyperlink base kt hp vi cc Name.
Trang 229

HDSD Excel 2010 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HDSD Excel 2010 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

T hc

I. NHNG IM MI TRONG MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010 .......................................... 8

Chc nng Backstage View ..................................................................................................... 8

Thm tnh nng Sparkline ........................................................................................................ 9

Tnh nng Slicers ................................................................................................................... 10

nh dng d liu c iu kin .............................................................................................. 10

PivotTables v PivotCharts .................................................................................................... 12

Share Workbook .................................................................................................................... 13

II. NI DUNG CHNH ....................................................................................................... 14

CHNG 1: LM QUEN VI MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010 ............................................ 14

1.1 Gii thiu Excel ............................................................................................................... 14

S dng menu l i t t (shortcut menu)......................................................................... 18

1.2 M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s ............................................................ 19

Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel ................................................................................... 19

Thu nh ca s Excel .................................................................................................. 20

Phng to ca s Excel ................................................................................................. 20

Thot khi Excel ......................................................................................................... 20

1.3. Thao tc vi v vng ............................................................................................ 20

Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) ............................................................................ 20

Chn vng ................................................................................................................... 21

Sao chp v di chuyn vng........................................................................................ 21

Dn c bit (Paste Special) ....................................................................................... 22

Thm ch thch cho .................................................................................................. 24

Chn, xa , dng v ct ............................................................................................. 25

Ni (Merge) v tch cc (Split) ............................................................................... 29

Ni nhiu thnh mt .............................................................................................. 29

Tch mt ni thnh nhiu ................................................................................. 29

1.4. Di chuyn trong s lam vi c v s dng phm tt ................................................... 29

Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang ............................................................................ 29

Thanh Tab trang tin h ................................................................................................... 30

S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn .................................................................. 30

1.5 Thao tc vi s lam vi c ........................................................................................... 32

M s lam vi c c sn trn a ................................................................................... 32

1.6. Thao tc vi trang tinh ............................................................................................. 36

Xa trang tin h ............................................................................................................. 37

Sp xp th t cc trang tinh ...................................................................................... 37

Sao chp trang tin h...................................................................................................... 38

Chn mu cho tab trang tinh ....................................................................................... 38

n/ Hin trang tin h ..................................................................................................... 39

1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc ............................................... 39

S dng thanh Zoom ................................................................................................... 40

Xem v so snh trang tinh trong nhiu ca s ............................................................ 40

Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu .................................. 40

S dng Watch Window ............................................................................................. 42

CHNG 2: LM VIC VI D LIU TRONG EXCEL 2010 ....................................... 43

2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh ............................................................................................... 43

Nhp cc k t c bit ............................................................................................... 44

Nhp ln c sn ni dung .................................................................................... 45

S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu ............................................................................. 46

2.2. nh dng ................................................................................................................ 49

nh dng chung ......................................................................................................... 49

T ng nh dng c iu kin ................................................................................. 57

Bng v nh dng bng (table) .................................................................................. 58

S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) ................................................ 59

2.3 Tm v thay th d liu ............................................................................................. 60

CHNG 3 : GII THIU V S DNG CC HM ..................................................... 64

3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: ........................................................................................... 64

Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) .................................................................................. 64

Gii thiu hm (Function)........................................................................................... 66

Nhp cng thc v hm .............................................................................................. 67

Tham chiu trong cng thc ....................................................................................... 69

Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) ......................................................................... 71

3.2 Cc hm trong Excel ........................................................................................................ 72