Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 29 (2013): 45-50

NH HNG CA THI GIAN LU NC N HIU QU KH CHT HU C

V C TNH BN MNG CA H THNG SPONGE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
X L NC THI AO NUI C TRA

L Nguyn Tuyt Nguyn1 v Bi Xun Thnh1

1
Khoa Mi trng, Trng i hc Bch khoa Thnh ph H Ch Minh

Thng tin chung:
Ngy nhn: 23/05/2013
Ngy chp nhn: 24/12/2013
Title:
Effects of hydraulic retention
time on organic removal and
membrane fouling in sponge
membrane bioreactor
treating catfish pond
watewater
T kha:
B sinh hc mng c gi th
Sponge (Sponge MBR), thi
gian lu nc (HRT), p sut
chuyn mng (TMP), nc
thi ao nui c tra v s bn hnh cc thi gian lu nc (HRT) khc nhau nhm nh gi hiu qu
mng
Keywords:
Sponge membrane bioreactor
(Sponge MBR), hydraulic
retention time (HRT), Trans-
membrane pressure (TMP),
catfish pond wastewater and
membrane fouling
ABSTRACT
Performance of the sponge MBR with a moving-cube sponge medium
(20% v/v) was evaluated at different HRT for removing organic from
catfish pond wastewater and membrane fouling. The sponge MBR was
operated at different HRT values of 8, 4 and 2 hours, corresponding to
membrane fluxes of 5, 10 and 20 L/m2.h, respectively. The results showed
that the COD removal efficiencies were maintained at 94%, 93% and 87%
at a HRT of 8, 4 and 2 hours, respectively, indicating that HRT affected
the permeate quality in an inversely proportion with HRT (h). This fouling
rate was defined by the increase of the TMP according to operating time
(kPa/day). The freely movement of sponges inside the reactor could reduce
membrane fouling due to sweeping of sponge media on membrane surface
and attaching of MLSS on the interior and surface of sponge media.
TM TT
H thng Sponge Membrane Bioreactor (Sponge MBR) s dng gi th
dng bng xp di ng, gi th chim 20% th tch b phn ng, c vn
x l cht hu c v c tnh bn mng ca h thng x l nc thi ao
nui c tra. H thng sponge MBR c vn hnh HRT 8, 4 v 2 gi
tng ng vi thng lng 5, 10 v 20 L/m2.h. Hiu qu x l COD t
94% HRT 8 v 4 gi, cn HRT 2 gi ch t 87%. Kt qu ny cho
thy s thay i HRT lm nh hng n hiu qu x l COD ca h
thng sponge MBR. Ngoi ra tc bn mng cng tng khi HRT cng
gim. Tc bn mng c tnh ton bng bin thin ca p sut chuyn
mng (TMP) theo thi gian vn hnh h thng (kPa/ngy). Cc gi th
chuyn ng t do trong b phn ng gip gim bn mng do s c st
lm sch b mt mng v s bm dnh bn hot tnh trn b mt v bn
trong gi th.

1 GII THIU ca c... Phng php sinh hc ph bin l bn

hot tnh, lc sinh hc, h sinh hc v t ngp
p dng phng php x l sinh hc cc cht
nc nhn to. Tuy nhin, cc h thng trn i hi
hu c v dinh dng trong nc thi ao nui c
phi c din tch xy dng cng trnh rng ri, b
tra c xem l ph hp v trong nc thi ny
gii hn bi thi gian vn hnh v cn ph thuc
thnh phn nhim ch yu l cc cht d phn
vo thi gian x l nc ao nui c sau khi thu
hy sinh hc t thc n tha ca c, cht bi tit

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Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 29 (2013): 45-50
hoch c tip tc v nui k tip. Trc thc
trng th h thng nh gn, hiu qu, linh hot
v c th x l lin tc trong sut v nui c
xut l h thng sinh hc mng (Membrane
Bioreactor - MBR). Cng ngh MBR c nhiu u
im hn so vi bn hot tnh thng thng. u
im vt tri ca MBR l cht lng nc thi
sau x l rt cao c th ti s dng nc thi, din
tch h thng x l nh gn, thi gian lu bn di,
lng bn sinh ra thp v vn hnh linh hot
(Visvanathan et al., 2000). Tuy nhin, hn ch
ca cng ngh MBR l vn bn mng. V th,
c nhiu nghin cu nhm pht trin cc u
im ca cng ngh MBR vo lnh vc x l ti
s dng nc thi gp phn vo vic s dng
hiu qu v tit kim ti nguyn nc. Mt s
nghin cu pht trin cng ngh MBR bng cch
kt hp vi cc loi gi th l lng gi l sponge
MBR. Sombatsompop et al. (2006) nghin cu
so snh hiu qu x l ca cc h thng MBR vi
cc loi gi th khc nhau v iu kin vn hnh
khc nhau (HRT, MLSS). Kt qu thu c hiu
sut x l ca h thng sponge MBR l cao hn so
vi MBR thng thng v MBR vi gi th c
nh, HRT 8, 6, 4 v 2 gi, hiu sut x l cht
hu c t 97-98%. iu ny cho thy cng ngh
MBR vi gi th sponge di ng pht huy tc
dng tng cng hiu qu x l ca h thng MBR
thng thng. Nghin cu ca Jamal Khan v ctv.
(2011) cng so snh hiu qu x l ca MBR vi
sponge MBR. Kt qu cho thy rng hiu qu loi
b cc TN v TP trong sponge MBR l 89% v
58% cao hn trong MBR thng thng. T kt qu
trn suy ra rng s hin din ca gi th gip sinh
khi pht trin phc tp bn trong cc gi th
sponge trong b MBR, gip ci thin kh nng x
l TN v TP trong nc thi. Basu v Huck (2005)
nghin cu nh hng ca gi th trong h
thng MBR nhng chm. Trong nghin cu tp
trung nh gi tc bn mng v cht lng
nc thi sau khi qua mng. Kt qu l tc bn
mng tng gp i khi khng c cc gi th trong
b. Tc gi cng cho rng cc gi th ny tng
cng c ra b mt mng v gip tng trng cc
mng sinh hc trn cc gi th, ci thin hiu qu
x l ca h thng MBR.
H thng sponge MBR l mt h thng MBR
kt hp gi th sponge chuyn ng l lng trong
hn hp bn hot tnh, to iu kin cho loi hnh
tng trng bm dnh ca sinh khi pht trin song
song vi sinh khi tng trng l lng trong b
bn hot tnh, v kh nng phn tch cht lng/rn
ca mng lc. u im ca sponge MBR l nng
sinh khi cao gip h thng vn hnh ti trng
cao gim c din tch b phn ng v tng hiu
qu x l ca h thng (Leiknes et al., 2001, Thanh
v ctv., 2009). Cc gi th sponge cn gip gim
bn mng do s bm dnh ca cc cht l lng v
cht keo ln sponge v do s c st gia sponge
vi b mt mng lm gim lp bnh bn trn b
mt mng (Chae et al., 2004; Ngo v ctv., 2006;
Guo et al., 2009).
Mc tiu ca nghin cu ny nhm nh gi s
nh hng ca thi gian lu nc n hiu qu x
l cht hu c v c tnh bn mng ca h thng
sponge MBR x l nc thi ao nui c tra.
2 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
2.1 Vt liu nghin cu
Nc ao nui c tra c ly t ao nui c tra
dc b Nam rch Tm Bt thuc a bn Thnh
ph Long Xuyn, tnh An Giang. Ao nui c
din tch 800 m2, su 1.5-2 m, mt th c l
30 con/m2, trng lng c lc bt u ly nc ao
lm nghin cu l khong 200-500 g/con v lng
thc n l 30 kg/ngy. Nhng sau khi h thng vn
hnh c mt thi gian th t ngy th 88 tr i
do l lt (cui nm 2011) trn vo ao nn h thng
c vn hnh vi nc thi ao nui c tra nhn
to. Nc thi nhn to c pha ch t nc cp,
thc n vin ca c tra v NH4Cl. Nng
nhim trung bnh ca nc thi ao nui c tra v
nc thi nhn to (c cng ti lng nhim)
trong nghin cu: TSS 20082 mg/L, COD 66
29 mg/L, NH4+ 105 mg/L, NO2- 0.650.81 mg/L,
NO3- 0.25 0.45 mg/L v TP l 1.691.19 mg/L.
2.2 M hnh h thng sponge MBR
B sponge MBR hot ng vi th tch hu
dng l 40 L v 1 module mng nhng chm loi
micro-membrane (Motimo, China). Kch thc
module mng 210 mm x 450 mm v l lc qua
mng l 0.2 m. H thng mng hot ng theo
chu k 8 pht lc/2 pht ngh. Thi gian lu bn
(SRT) c kim sot l 30 ngy cc giai on
vn hnh. Nng oxy ha tan (DO) c duy tr
trong b sponge MBR mc ln hn 4 mg/L bng
h thng phn phi kh v my thi kh c lu
lng ti a 75 L/pht (C0-Resun). p sut chuyn
mng (TMP) ca sponge MBR c ghi nhn bi
ng h o p (Pressure gauge). Khi TMP t ti
0.4 bar th bm ra ngc (Bluewhite C-660P,
USA) s hot ng loi b cc lp bn bm
trn b mt mng. Bm ra ngc c lu lng
QRN = 2Q. Nc ra ngc l nc sch cha sn
trong thng (Hnh 1).
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Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 29 (2013): 45-50
Nc thi vo
Hnh 1: S nguyn l hot ng ca h thng Sponge MBR
2.3 Gi th sponge
Gi th dng xp (sponge) c lm bng cht
liu Polyurethane c sn ngoi th trng vi t
trng 18.2 kg/m3 v c ct thnh hnh lp
phng 2 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm, c cho di chuyn t
do trong b MBR nh vo lc nng ca bt kh.
Gi th dng sponge di ng lm bng cht
liu Polyurethane c la chn cho hiu qu
x l ti u theo nghin cu ca Guo et al. (2010).
Kch thc ca gi th sponge 2 cm x 2 cm x 2
cm cng c Tien v ctv. (2010) nghin cu v
a ra kt lun mang li hiu qu x l tt nht.
Bn nui cy ban u cho b sponge MBR l
bn c ly t b bn hot tnh thng thng
(70% v/v) v bn y ao c tra (30% v/v). Nng
MLSS ban u ca sponge MBR l xp x 6000
mg/L. Sau khi h thng MBR hot ng thch nghi
vi iu kin vn hnh trn, hiu qu x l COD
ca h thng n nh, th cho thm gi th sponge
vo b MBR vi s lng bng 20% th tch hu
dng ca b MBR.
2.4 iu kin vn hnh
Trc tin, h thng MBR c vn hnh thch
nghi trong iu kin thng thng (khng c
sponge) HRT 8 gi, nc thi ao nui c tra vi
nng nhim nh mc 2.1. Sau 26 ngy khi h
thng MBR thch nghi tt vi iu kin vn
hnh (thng qua s n nh ca hiu sut x l
COD ca h thng MBR).
Sau khi h thng hot ng thch nghi ta thc
hin th nghim chnh. B MBR c thm vo 20
% gi th sponge so vi th tch b tin hnh
nghin cu tri qua 3 giai on vn hnh vi cc
Nc thi
sau x l
HRT 8, 4 v 2 gi tng ng thng lng l 5, 10
v 20 L/m2.h, v lu lng dng ra l 120, 240 v
480 L/ngy, vi thi gian lu bn (SRT) l 30
ngy. H thng sponge MBR c vn hnh vi
cc HRT 8, 4 v 2 gi.
2.5 Phng php phn tch
Phng php phn tch COD theo tiu chun
APHA (1998).
Phng php phn tch MLSS trong sponge:
Sy kh cc s 1050C n khi lng khng i
v sau em cn ta c m0 (mg). Ly ra 10
ming sponge khi b sponge MBR, v tht sch
bn trong sponge vo 100 mL nc ct. Cho nc
bn ny vo cc s, em nung 1050C n khi
khi lng khng i. Cn khi lng sau khi
nung ta c m1 (mg/10sponge), m trong b
sponge MBR s dng 1000 ming sponge v th
tch hu dng ca b l 40 L nn suy ra: MLSS =
(m1 m0) x 100/40 = a (mg/L).
3 KT QU V THO LUN
3.1 Hiu qu x l COD
Nng COD u ra trung bnh tng ng vi
cc HRT 8, 4 v 2 gi l 3, 5 v 11 mg/L. Hiu
sut x l COD ca h thng sponge MBR duy tr
mc trung bnh 94%, 93% khi vn hnh vi HRT 8
v 4 gi, nhng ch t 87% HRT 2 gi. Khi h
thng vn hnh vi HRT 8 v 4 gi c hiu sut x
l tng ng nhau nhng HRT hn km nhau
mt na l v trong b MBR c ch phn hu cht
hu c c trong nc thi phn ln nh vo bn
hot tnh, m nng MLSS ban u ca sponge
MBR l xp x 6000 mg/L. Do , khi vn hnh h
thng vi HRT 4 gi th hiu qu x l vn cao.
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Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 29 (2013): 45-50
Nhng khi vn hnh h thng vi HRT 2 gi th
do HRT qu ngn khng thi gian cho cc vi
sinh vt trong bn hot tnh v trong gi th tiu
th v phn hy cc cht hu c trong nc thi
u vo h thng. Qua kt qu trn ta thy nng
COD trong nc thi sau x l t QCVN
11:2008/BTNMT (COD = 50 mg/L), QCVN 08:
2008/BTNMT (COD = 10 mg/L) v c cc tiu
chun v ti s dng nc thi ca US EPA
(< 20 mg/L) [QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, QCVN
11:2008/BTNMT, US.EPA (2004)].
Ct v ctv. (1997) cng a ra kt qu nng
COD trong nc thi sau khi x l qua h thng
Hnh 2: Hiu sut x l COD
cc giai on vn hnh
3.2 c tnh bn mng ca h thng
sponge MBR
Tc bn mng c xc nh bng xu hng
s gia tng tn tht p lc qua mng theo thi gian
(dP/dt). Hnh 3 cho thy tc bn mng l
0.0437, 0.2046 v 0.8853 kPa/ngy tng ng vi
cc thng lng l 5, 10 v 20 L/m2.h. Tc bn
mng thp nht thng lng 5 L/m2.h (HRT 8
gi) c gi tr l 0.0437 kPa/ngy. Kt qu ny cho
kt lun l thng lng tng t l thun vi tc
bn mng ca h thng sponge MBR, hay ni cch
Hnh 3: Xu hng TMP theo
thi gian ca h thng sponge
MBR
MBR si rng duy tr mc di 16 mg/L sau khi
qua 5 giai on vn hnh h thng vi HRT thay
i t 2 n 24 gi. Cn i vi nghin cu ca
Guo et al. (2008) th tm ra c hiu sut x l
COD t trn 97%.
Mt khc, ta thy c mt u th ln ca h
thng sponge MBR l t b sc ti. COD dng vo
c bin ng (7012 mg/L) nhng COD dng ra
lun n nh (dng ra ca ba giai on vn hnh
vi HRT khc nhau c nng trung bnh 6.33
3 mg/L), h thng vn thch nghi tt khi nng
COD u vo bin i (Hnh 2).
khc l tc bn mng tng khi HRT gim, iu
ny ging vi kt lun ca mt s nghin cu trc
y (Cho et al., 2005; Kok-Kwang et al., 2011).
Thng lng cng tng th tc bn mng
cng tng l do bn sinh hc trong b MBR bm
vo v bt kn l mng lm cho tn tht p lc qua
mng cng ln. Khi tc bn mng chm th s
ln ra mng t, gip cho tui th ca mng tng
cng nh gim c chi ph u t cho thay mi
mng v ha cht s dng cho vic ra sch mng.
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Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 29 (2013): 45-50
Hnh 4: Hm lng MLSS
trong sponge so vi tng MLSS
trong b sponge MBR
Hnh 4 th hin hm lng MLSS trong sponge
so vi tng MLSS trong b sponge MBR chim t
20-70%. T l MLSS trong sponge/Tng MLSS c
xu hng tng dn theo thi gian vn hnh. Kt
qu ny cho thy u im ca sponge trong b
MBR l khi MLSS tp trung trong sponge cng
nhiu lm cho MLSS trong bn l lng cng t li
v sponge c st vi b mt mng to iu kin
gim c bn mng (Hnh 5). Basu v Huck
Hnh 5: Bn trn b mt mng khi
khng c sponge (A) v khi c sponge (B)
4 KT LUN
Kt qu cho thy hiu qu x l COD ca h
thng sponge MBR HRT 8 v 4 gi t 94% v
93%; cn HRT 2 gi ch t 87%. Kh nng x
l COD ca h thng hiu qu vi thi gian lu
nc 4 v 8 gi.
Thi gian lu nc lin quan n thng lng
ca h thng sponge MBR v nh hng mnh n
tc bn mng. Tc bn mng t l nghch vi
thi gian lu nc.
Gi th sponge thm vo b MBR gip lm
gim c bn mng nh vo s bm dnh ca sinh
khi ln b mt sponge, i vo trong sponge v
vic chuyn ng t do trong h thng to iu
kin c st gia gi th sponge v b mt mng dn
n loi b lp mng vi sinh vt trn b mt mng.
(2005) nghin cu nh hng ca gi th trong
h thng MBR nhng chm. Trong nghin cu tp
trung nh gi tc bn mng v cht lng
nc thi sau khi qua mng. Kt qu c tm thy
l tc tc nghn mng tng gp i khi khng c
cc gi th trong b. Cc tc gi cng cho rng cc
gi th ny tng cng c ra b mt mng v gip
tng trng cc mng sinh hc trn cc gi th, ci
thin hiu qu x l ca h thng MBR.
A B
Nc thi ao nui c sau khi x l c th tun
hon trc tip cho ao nui c tra hay mt s mc
ch s dng khc vi yu cu cht lng nc
ph hp. H thng nh gn c kh nng di ng
(mobile system) x l nc thi cc ao nui
khc nhau phc v mc ch ti s dng nc thi.
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