Immel Clarizza Ticzon

2013 78013

BIO11 Lab LE2 Reviewer

Differentiation of different tissues

Apical meristem

Protoderm Procambium Ground meristem

Epidermis Primary xylem Primary phloem Cortex Pith

Cork cambium (phellogen) Vascular cambium Cork cambium

Phellem (cork) Phelloderm Secondary xylem Secondary phloem

(cork parenchyma)
Cork cambium

Phellem (cork) Phelloderm (cork parenchyma)

Structures of the shoot apex

 Leaf arrangements (phyllotaxy)

Summary of features

Monocot Dicot Gymnosperm (Pine)

Root Secondary growth No Yes

X
Pith Yes (polyarch) No (tetrarch)
Vascular cambium No Yes
Exarch
Stem Vascular tissues Outer edges Center Resin ducts
Old: Wedge Secretory cells
Young: Bundles Albumin cells
Sieve cells
Companion cells Yes Yes No
Leaf Veins Parallel venation Netted venation Needle
(except for gabi) (except for adelfa)
Epidermis Yes Yes No lower & upper
epidermis
Stomata Yes Yes Yes (sunken)
Mesophyll Mixed spongy & Distinct spongy & Yes (lobed)
palisade palisade
Vascular tissue Yes Yes Yes
Bulliform cells Yes No No
Transfusion tissue No No Yes
Resin ducts No No Yes
Nodes Yes Yes Yes
Internodes Yes Yes Yes
Lenticels No Herbaceous - No Yes
Woody - Yes

Slides
Monocot Root (Zea mays)
No secondary growth
With lateral stem

Root (Comellina)

Stem (Zea mays)

LPO
 HPO
Dicot Young root (Vicia)

Old root (Vernonia young wood)

No pith / hard to distinguish

Young stem (young Aristolochia)

Vascular bundle in rings
 Old stem (old Aristolochia)

Gymnosperm Pith is distinguishable

(Pine) Xylem rays
Leaves Ixora (dicot)

Zea mays (monocot)

 Bulliform cells
Pine (gymnosperm)

Orchid Root
Aristolochia stem
 Parenchyma cells Aerenchyma cells Schlerenchyma cells

Collenchyma cells

Trichomes

Glandular Stellate Simple hair Bristles

Scale Branching Stinging