TRNH BY BO CO KHOA HC THEO CHUN APA1

A. L do
Nhm t ti chun mc trnh by bo co khoa hc gio dc m th gii ang p dng.
Hnh thnh thi quen trch dn khi vit bo co. Qua :
Tn trng kt qu, tng ca ngi khc
Chng minh ngi trch dn c c cc ti liu lin quan
c gi c th nghin cu thm v ti liu c trch dn
bit tng no c ri, cng trnh no c ri trnh u t trng lp
To ng lc v bt buc nghin cu, tm ti, sng to
Trnh cc rc ri php l v quyn s hu tr tu.

B. nh dng, trch dn, v trnh by biu bng theo APA

1 nh dng (formatting)
1.1 L trang giy (margins): theo tiu chun canh l ca APA style l 2.5 cm (1 inch) cho tt c
4 l ca trang giy
1.2 Phng ch (font): phng ch s dng l Times New Roman hoc Courier, kch c lun l
12-pt.
1.3 Khong cch dng (spacing): s dng khong cch l 2.0 (double space).
Lu : Khi s dng khong cch gia cc dng l 2.0 th KHNG CN phi to mt khong
cch gia cc on vi nhau trong bi vit. Ni dung bn trong bi vit nh dng theo l tri.
Dng u mi on nh dng l 5 spaces.

2 Trch dn trong bi vit (in-text citations)

Lu 1: Nhng ti liu no c trch dn trong bi vit u phi lit k mc References/Ti
liu tham kho v ngc li.
Lu 2: Trong bi vit bng ting Anh, dng h ca tc gi (thng ng sau tn lt v tn).
Trong bi vit bng ting Vit, dng c h, tn lt, v tn.
2.1 Khi vit bng ting Anh
2.1.1 Trch dn ti liu s cp
Trch trc tip (khi cc cm t c 5 t tr ln hoc c on vn, cn trong ngoc kp cc
cm hoc on vn v phi ghi s trang pha sau):

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American Psychological Association
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 Trch dn nhng on ngn (short quotations): Nu trch dn t hn 40 t th phi t
chng trong du ngoc kp v c cc cch trnh by:

+ As Smith (2008) concludes, there is significant evidence to suggest that the earth is

round (p.123)
+ More recently, scientists have found significant evidence to suggest that the earth is

round (Smith, 2008, p.123)

Trch dn nhng on di (long quotations): Nu trch dn t 40 t tr ln th c on
c nh dng 5 spaces t l tri v c trnh by nh sau:

To ensure that lifelong learning is exercised by every individual, a timely policy is needed

to guide the learning activities sufficiently and effectively. By the same token, Riordan (2004)

asserted:
It is commonly recognized today that the knowledge and skills endowment of a countrys

labor force, rather than its physical capital, determines its economic and social progress,

and its ability to compete in the world economy. Promoting innovation, productivity, and

competitiveness of individuals, enterprises, and countries therefore underlies

contemporary learning and training policies and provision. (p.50)

Trch dn trong bi vit:

i vi trch dn c mt tc gi:

+ According to Joyner (1998), highly satisfied faculty will generally be innovative and

motivated to establish and maintain an environment conductive to learning.

+ Joyner (1998) found/showed that highly satisfied faculty will generally be innovative

and motivated to establish and maintain an environment conductive to learning.

+ Highly satisfied faculty will generally be innovative and motivated to establish and

maintain an environment conductive to learning (Joyner, 1998).

Lu :
+ Khi tc gi ch cp da vo kin ca ngi khc ch khng kin hay nhn xt
ca chnh tc gi th phi dng t see):

The correlation between education and income is strong (see Shultz, 1962).
2
 i vi trch dn c hai v ba tc gi:
+ According to Joyner and Price (1998), highly satisfied faculty will generally be

innovative and motivated to establish and maintain an environment conductive to learning.

+ Joyner and Price (1998) found/showed that highly satisfied faculty will generally be

innovative and motivated to establish and maintain an environment conductive to learning.

+ Highly satisfied faculty will generally be innovative and motivated to establish and

maintain an environment conductive to learning (Joyner & Price, 1998).

i vi trch dn trn ba tc gi:

+ According to Joyner et al. (1998), highly satisfied faculty will generally be innovative

and motivated to establish and maintain an environment conductive to learning.

+ Joyner et al. (1998) found/showed that highly satisfied faculty will generally be

innovative and motivated to establish and maintain an environment conductive to learning.

+ Highly satisfied faculty will generally be innovative and motivated to establish and

maintain an environment conductive to learning (Joyner et al., 1998).

Trch dn nhiu tc gi cho 1 ni dung: nu c nhiu tc gi cng th hin chung mt

quan im, ni dung th trch dn cc tc gi theo th t u tin a, b, c.

+ Highly satisfied faculty will generally be innovative and motivated to establish and

maintain an environment conductive to learning (Ali & Murakami, 2003; Joyner et al., 1998;

Powell, 2007; Summerji, Jones & Smith, 2005).

Lu :
+ Nu tc gi c nhiu n phm c trch dn th trnh by nh sau: (Smith, 2004, 2008)
+ Nu tc gi c nhiu n phm trong cng 1 nm c trch dn th trnh by nh sau:
(Smith & Jones, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c).

2.1.2 Trch dn ti liu th cp: ngi khc trch ca tc gi A v mnh c bi ca ngi

khc nhng mun trch ca tc gi A th trnh by nh sau:

According to Schultz (as cited in Brown, 2012), the ignoring of human capital in the field

of economics is a serious mistake.

Lu : s nm trong trch dn l s nm ca tc gi Brown, ch khng phi ca tc gi Schultz.
Tt nhin, c nhiu cch din t ngoi cm t according to.

2.2 Khi vit bng ting Vit

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2.2.1 Trch dn ti liu s cp
Trch trc tip cc cm t c 5 t tr ln hoc c on vn (cn trong ngoc kp cc
cm hoc on vn v phi ghi s trang pha sau):
Trch dn nhng on ngn (short quotations): nu trch dn t hn 40 t th phi t
chng trong du ngoc kp v ghi r s trang:

Theo Nguyn Hng Phan (2014) gi tr ngh nghip l nhng ci c ngha i vi hot

ng ngh nghip cng nh cuc sng ca ch th, cun ht h vn ti v thi thc hnh ng

v n (tr.314).

Trch dn nhng on di (long quotations): nu trch dn t 40 t tr ln th c on

c nh dng 5 spaces t l tri v c trnh by nh sau:

Theo Phan Thanh Long, Trn Quang Cn v Nguyn Vn Din (2010):

Qu trnh gio dc l qu trnh tc ng c mc ch, c t chc ca nh gio dc n i

tng gio dc nhm tha mn nhu cu pht trin nhn cch ring ca mi hc sinh v

p ng yu cu o to ngun lc ca x hi. (tr.7)

Trch dn trong bi vit

i vi trch dn c mt tc gi:

Theo Schultz (1962), xem nh vn con ngi l mt sai lm nghim trng trong kinh t

hc gio dc./Xem nh vn con ngi l mt sai lm nghim trng trong kinh t hc gio dc

(Schultz, 1962)./Schultz (1962) nhn thy rng xem nh vn con ngi l mt sai lm nghim

trng trong kinh t hc gio dc.

Lu :
+ Khi tc gi ch cp da vo kin ca ngi khc ch khng kin hay nhn xt
ca chnh tc gi th phi dng t xem):

Trnh hc vn v thu nhp c mi tng quan rt mnh (xem Shultz, 1962).

+ Nu tc gi c nhiu cng trnh trong cng nm th phi a, b, c, v.v. sau nm xut

bn:

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 Theo Dng Minh Quang (2013a, 2013b) cho rng nh hng ca vic hc tp nh

trng n hiu qu gii quyt vn ca sinh vin i hc Vit Nam t t mc trung bnh n

cao.

i vi trch dn t hai v ba tc gi:

+ Vn nh hng gi tr li sng c nhiu tc gi phn tch (Nguyn Hng

Phan, 2006; Bi Vn Hip, 2014).

+ Theo Nguyn Hng Phan (2006) v Bi Vn Hip (2014), vn nh hng gi tr li

sng c nhiu tc gi phn tch

+ Nguyn Hng Phan (2006) v Bi Vn Hip (2014) nhn thy rng vn nh hng

gi tr li sng c nhiu tc gi phn tch

i vi mt bi vit t 3 tc gi tr ln:
+ i vi mt bi vit c di 3 tc gi th tn ca cc tc gi phi lun c lp li
trong cc ln trch dn d trong cng on vn.

Theo Ciccone v De la Fuente (2002), mt trong nhng nt khu bit ca cc l thuyt

tng trng mi gn y l s m rng khi nim vn. Trong khi nhng m hnh truyn thng

ca tn c in ch trng duy nht n s tch ly ca vn vt cht, cc l thuyt pht trin mi

lm r tm quan trng ngy cng cao ca vic tch ly vn con ngi v tri thc sn xut cng

nh s tng tc gia hai nhn t ny. Nh c trnh by cc phn trn, cc m hnh l thuyt

v vn con ngi v tng trng c xy dng trn gi thuyt l vn con ngi trc tip lm

tng nng sut lao ng cng nh kh nng pht trin v tip thu cc cng ngh mi ca nn

kinh t. Chnh v th, nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v nhn t quyt nh tng trng, theo

Ciccone v De la Fuente (2002), dng hm sn xut tng Cobb-Douglas di dng:

(1) Yit = Ait Kitk Hith Litl

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 + i vi mt bi vit c t 3 tc gi tr ln (tnh trong mt on vn) th trnh by nh
sau:

Tng s hi ha trong x hi trong nghin cu ca Green, Preston, v Sabates (2003)

gm cc yu t nh nim tin vo th ch x hi (nh tnh dn ch), hp tc dn s (nh thi

i vi gian ln thu v giao thng cng cng), v ti phm bo lc. cp c nhn, l thuyt

v vn x hi cho rng s hi ha x hi gm cc yu t nh mc lin hp (mc hnh

thnh cc t chc, hip hi, v.v.), hp tc dn s, tham gia chnh tr, nim tin, v s khoan dung.

Tuy nhin, cc yu t ny khi c xt cp quc gia th khng thng nht nhau. V d Hoa

K c mc lin hp cao nhng nim tin li thp trong khi cc quc gia trn bn o

Scandinavia nh an Mch th ngc li (Inglehart, c trch trong Green, Preston, v Sabates,

2003).

2.2.2 Trch dn ti liu th cp: ngi khc trch ca tc gi A v mnh c bi ca ngi

khc nhng mun trch ca tc gi A th c trch nh sau:

Theo Phan Vn Kha V Nguyn Lc (c trch dn bi Bi Ch Bnh, 2014), th nn

tng ca kinh t hc gio dc l gio dc hc v kinh t hc.

Lu : s nm trong trch dn l s nm ca tc gi trch dn (Bi Ch Bnh), ch khng phi ca

tc gi c trch dn. Tt nhin, c nhiu cch din t ngoi cm t Theo hoc Dn

theo.

3 Trnh by biu bng/hnh

3.1 Trong bi vit bng ting Anh
3.1.1 Bng (Tables)

Table 2.1
Factor Analysis Results of the Five Dimensions Constructing Job Satisfaction of Faculty
Members in VNU-HCM

Job satisfaction Range Factor Eigen- Cumulative Cronbachs

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 dimensions of scores loading value explanation

1. Salaries 0.621

2. Bonus and welfare 0.816

3. Faculty promotion 0.754

4. In-service teaching 14 3.009 60.20 0.830

0.851
training

5. In-service research
0.815
training

Note. Data were analyzed with principal component analysis.

Table 2.1
The results of multiple regression regarding faculty job satisfaction and personal and university
environment eactors across models

Beta Coefficient
Variables
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3

Development aim -.190* -.142 -.108

Leadership style .270** .253** .174*

Campus landscape .140* .188** .169*

Administrative efficiency 0.21 .430*** .496***

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 R square (R2) .113 .350 .466

Note. 1. *p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001.

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3.1.2 Hnh/S (Figures)

Quantitative data collection

Quantitative data analysis

Quantitative results

Identify results for follow-up

Qualitative data collection

Qualitative data analysis

E-mail interview

Result explanations

Figure 3.1. The explanatory design: follow up explanatory model (quantitative emphasized).
Adapted from Choosing a mixed methods design by J. W. Creswell & V. L. Plano Clark. 2007.
Designing and conducting: mixed methods research, p.73. Copyright 2007 by Sage Publications,
Inc.

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Figure 3.2. Multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analysis model of two correlated traits
and two correlated methods across two measurement waves

Lu 1: Nu ngi vit s dng biu bng t ti liu ting Vit, tc gi ch cn dch ra ting Anh
vi cch trnh by ging cch trnh by trn v ngc li.
Lu 2: Tn biu bng/hnh/s khng c nh dng cch dng i (double spacing).

3.2 Trong bi vit bng ting Vit

i vi biu bng v/hoc hnh trong cc ngun bng ting Vit th tc gi dng ging nh khi
trnh by trong bi vit bng ting Anh. Ch khc ch trong bi vit bng ting Vit, chng ta
dng t Bng thay cho Table v Hnh thay cho Figure.
Lu : Cc ngun biu bng cng phi c lit k trong mc References/Ti liu tham kho
nh cc ngun khc.

C. Lit k ti liu tham kho (References)

Lu 1: Nhng ti liu no lit k mc ny u c trch dn trong bi vit v ngc li.
Nu khng c trch dn, ti liu khng c lit k.
Lu 2: C trong bi vit ting bng Anh v bi vit bng ting Vit, mi ti liu tham kho bt
u bng h tc gi. Sau n tn lt v tn ca tc gi. Tn lt v tn ca tc gi trong bi vit
ting bng Anh c vit tt nhng trong bi vit bng ting Vit th c vit y .
1 Lit k ti liu tham kho trong bi vit bng ting Anh
1.1 Sch nguyn tc (Books)

Alderfer, C. P. (1972). Existence, relatedness, and growth. New York: Free Press.

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Alderfer, C. P., & Jones, A. L. (2000). Existence, relatedness, and growth (5th ed.). New York:

Free Press.
Lu : nu c nhiu tc gi trong mt bi vit th khng c trnh by theo kiu:
Hair, J. F., et al. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

M phi trnh by nh sau:

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Rones, D. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2006). Multivariate

data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

1.2 Sch c bin tp li (edited books): sch gm cc bi vit ca nhiu tc gi c chnh

cc tc gi hoc/v ngi khc bin tp li)

Creswell, J. W., & Hanson, W. (2003). Advanced mixed method research designs. In A. L.

Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook on mixed methods in the behavioral and

social sciences (pp. 209-240). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

1.3 Tp ch khoa hc (journal articles)

Johnsrud, L. K., & Rosser, V. J. (2002). Faculty members morale and their intention to leave: A

multilevel explanation. Journal of Higher Education, 73(4), 518-542.

Johnsrud, L. K., & Rosser, V. J. (2002). Faculty members morale and their intention to leave: A

multilevel explanation. Journal of Higher Education, 73(4), 518-542. doi:

10.1037/07898.23.78
1.4 Tp ch/ bo in (printed magazine or newspaper articles)

Carey, K. B., Scott-Sheldon, L. A. J., Carey, M. P., & DeMartini, K. S. (2007). Individual-level

interventions to reduce college student drinking: A meta-analytic review. Addictive

Behaviors, 32(11), 2469-2494. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.05.004

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Wadee, A. A., Kuschke, R. H., Kometz, S., & Berk, M. (2001). Personality factors, stress and

immunity. Stress & Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of

Stress, 17(1), 25-40.

1.5 Tp ch/bo in t (electronic magazines or newspaper articles)

Lanktree, C. L., & Brier, J. K. (2007, August 28). New Crime Legislation Criminal.

Nowwherevill Times. Retrieved from http:// nowwherevilltimes.ca

1.6 Bi vit t website

Trochim, W.M.K. (2006, October 20). Statistical terms in sampling. In Research methods

knowledge base. Retrieved October 19, 2007, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.

net/kb/sampstat.php

1.7 Bi vit t ERIC (Education Resources Information Center)

Dvorak, J., & Philips, K. D. (2001). Job satisfaction of high school journalism educators. Paper

presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Education in Journalism and Mass

Communication, Scholastic Journalism Division, Washington, D.C. (ERIC Document

Reproduction Service No. ED456466).

1.8 Trch dn nhng bi vit c ng trong cc hi tho, hi ngh (Unpublished paper

presented at a meeting, conferences)

Lanktree, C. L., & Brier, J. K. (2007). Early data on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for

Children. Paper presented at the meeting/conference of the American Professional

Society on the Abuse of Children, San Diego, CA.

1.9 Trch dn nhng bi vit c ng trong cc lun vn, lun n (Unpublished doctoral
dissertation and masters thesis)

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Garskof, M. S. (2004). Motivating teachers with nonfinancial incentive: The relationships of

compensatory time, job, and the need to achieve to the job satisfaction of high school

teachers in New York City. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University.

Lu : Nu s dng ti liu tham kho bng ting Vit cho bi vit ting Anh th trch ngun nh
sau:

V d 1:

Vietnamnet. (2014, March 26). Ai khng c nhn tht nghip? [Who doesnt let bachelors be

unemployed?]. Retrieved from http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/giao-duc/167160/ai-khong-de-cu-

nhan-that-nghiep-.html

V d 2:

Pham, D. N. T., & Pham, L. H. (2014). Gio dc Vit Nam hi nhp quc t [Vietnamese

education international integration]. Ho Chi Minh: VNU Press.

2 Lit k ti liu tham kho trong bi vit bng ting Vit

Lu 1: Phi theo th t Alphabet ca h, tn lt, v tn ca tc gi. Cc ngun ti liu bng
ting Vit c trnh by tng i khc vi cc ngun ti liu bng ting Anh.
Lu 2: Cc ngun ti liu bng ting Anh th c lit k ging nh cch lit k trong bi vit
bng ting Anh.
Lu 3: Nu nh xut bn Vit Nam c bn quyn xut bn li th tn tc gi cng gi nguyn.
Ch khc l sau ta sch hoc tn bi vit dng du ngoc vung nh sau: [ti liu dch].
Khng dng tn dch gi. Dch gi khng phi l tc gi.

2.1 Sch nguyn tc

Phm Nht Tin v Phm Lan Hng. (2014). Gio dc Vit Nam hi nhp quc t. H Ch

Minh: NXB i hc Quc gia TP. HCM.

2.2 Sch c bin tp li (sch gm cc bi vit ca nhiu tc gi c chnh cc tc gi
hoc/v ngi khc bin tp li)

Nguyn Hng Phan. (2014). L lun v nh hng gi tr ngh nghip ca sinh vin ngnh tm

l hc. Trong Gio dc v pht trin (Bin tp: Hong Mai Khanh, Nguyn Thnh Nhn,

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 Bi Ch Bnh, Nguyn Thy An) (tr. 310-322). H Ch Minh: NXB i hc Quc gia TP.

HCM.
2.3 Tp ch khoa hc chuyn ngnh

L Quang Sn. (2010). o to gio vin Kinh nghim Cng ha lin bang c. Tp ch Khoa

hc v Cng ngh, 5(40), tr 267-274.

2.4 Nht bo/Tp ch in

H Thiu Hng. (5/02/2013). Nghch l Quc sch hng u. Bo Tin Phong.

2.5 Nht bo/Tp ch in t
Dn Tr. (23/12/2013). Hn 100.000 sinh vin i hc (ra trng) tht nghip trong nm 2013.

Khai thc t http://dantri.com.vn/kinh-doanh/hon-100000-sinh-vien-dai-hoc-that-nghiep-

trong-nam-2013-818928.htm
2.6 Website

Phm Th Ly. (09/06/2006). o to gio vin vng ng . Khai thc t

http://lypham.net/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=2
2.7 Cc bi vit t ERIC (tng t nh trong cch trch dn ca bi vit bng ting Anh.
trung tm ngun ny, khng c bi bng ting Vit)
2.8 Trch dn nhng bi vit c ng trong cc hi tho, hi ngh (nhng khng c xut
bn)

Bi Ch Bnh. (2013). Li th tng i v vn con ngi trong bi cnh ton cu ha. c

trnh by ti Hi tho Quc t Gio dc Vit Nam i Loan, TP. H Ch Minh.

2.9 Trch dn nhng bi vit c ng trong cc lun vn, lun n sau i hc

Nguyn Th Ho. (2007). Thc trng v thc nghim bin php tc ng nhm nng cao hiu

qu X-mi-na ti trng HKHXH&NV Tp.HCM. Lun vn thc s, i hc S phm

K thut TP. H Ch Minh.

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