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Fluid-dynamics Simulations
-Expected breakthroughs with large-scale CFD
for Industrial Design-
Outline
Application Examples
Future Prospects 2
1
Future prospects of
applications of CFD to
industrial design
2
Bifurcating Stream in Engineering
CFD
Design optimizations
Tuned and validated RANS (URANS, DES)
Uses up to several hundreds million grids
Corporated with mathematical optimization methods
Requires strong scaling for parallel computations
3
How small are the active eddies in
turbulent boundary layer?
Flat-plate turbulent boundary layer at
37 mm 5.1 mm 0.140
25 mm 600 m 0.026
15 mm 77 m 0.005
4
Engineering Applications of
Fully-resolved LES
Applications of LES expected in 2015
products specifications # of TBLs Total # of grids
L= 5m (1/50 scale
model ship model), U=1.0 m/s
Development and
Validations of Flow and
Acoustial Solvers
10
5
Development Concept
11
6
Features of FrontFlow/blue
Large data handling:
Input Voxel Mesh
Automatic local grid refiner
Fast-converging matrix solver based on IDR
Weakly-scaled up to unlimited number of cores
Fully-optimized for load/store as well as SIMD
(6.0% sustained for K, 5.0% sustained for BG/P, etc)
User friendliness:
User interface (FrontWorkBench) for handling very
large-scale data
Coupled analyses for aeroaoucstis, fluid-structure
interaction
Various functions: Oversetting, Sliding mesh,
Cavitation model, Free surface flow, etc.
0.0
U
0.5
-0.5
0.0-1.0 EXP.
refine
refined LES(FFB6, No-Refine)
LES(FFB6, Refine)
-1.5
-0.5 0 90 180 270 360
-3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
Angle [deg]
Y/D
16
7
Local grid refinement features
Benchmark test for circular cylinder flow at
Re=100,000
1.5 100
EXP.
80 LES(FFB6, No-Refine)
1.0 LES(FFB6, Refine)
60
U ' (% )
U
0.5
40
0.0 EXP.
LES(FFB6, No-Refine) 20
LES(FFB6, Refine)
-0.5 0
-3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y/D Y/D
18
8
Benchmark tests for airfoil flow
1 million grids 4 million grids
x=6.2510-3
# of grids=0.6 million
3.0 0.20
Measured
data01
data02 0.15
2.0 data03
data04
Cd
-Cp
1.0 0.10
Measured
data01
0.0 0.05
data02
data03
data04
-1.0 0.00
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 5 10 15 20
X/C Attack angle / deg.
20
9
Code tunings-1/3
Data reordering for minimizing occurrence of L1, and L2
cache miss
+%45/
Code tunings-2/3
Hot kernel performance ratio
Hexahedral element Tetrahedral element
Full unroll
10.2% 10.2%
Reordering (1core)
Full unroll
8.1% 7.7%
Reordering (8core)
22
10
Code tunings-3/3
Overall Performance ratio and speed-ups
1.E+05
1.E+04
Performance (GFLOPS)
1.E+03
1.E+02
9GFLOPS/
1.E+01
K1Mgrids/node
K1Mgrids/node-*
1.E+00
1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04
Num. of Nodes
24
11
Sensitivity Studies on Grid Resolutions
12
Validation Studies-1/2
Comparisons of Time-averaged Wake Profile
3
U/U0[-]
0
-1
CFD_55Million_Mesh
CFD_22Million_Mesh
-2 CFD_16Million_Mesh
CFD_3Million_Mesh
Sprit_Film_Probe
-3
0 0.5 1 1.5
Y/D
Validation Studies-2/2
Comparisons of PSD of Streamwise Velocity
13
Validation Studies-2/2
Comparisons of PSD of Streamwise Velocity
30
14
Prediction of Transitional Boundary
Layer and Resulting Sound
NACA0012: Angle of attack=9 degRe=2.0x105
31
32
15
Time-average and Fluctuating Surface
Pressure Distributions
Cp' (RMS)
0.5
-2
0.4
Cp
-1 0.3
0.2
0
0.1
1 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
x/C
x/C
LES DSM 8M LES DSM 2M Low Res Measured LES DSM8M Measured
Time-average R. M. S.
33
1.E-04 20
1.E-06
10
1.E-08
0
1.E-10
1 10 100 -10
Frequency [-] 100 1000 10000
Measured LES DSM 8M Slope -5/3 Frequency [Hz]
34
16
Tip vortices around NACA0012 Aerofoil
(number of grid = 50 million)
35
Experimental Setup
Measured: drag & lift, surface pressure,
velocity profile, sound
36
17
Instantaneous Flow
37
Validation Studies
38
18
Validation Studies (continued)
PSD of static pressure fluctuations at tip
x/C=0.1 x/C=0.6
39
19
Flow and acourtical fields for a model
HVAC
41
Exp.ofWakaharaetal.
10MCAAmeshwithmidnodes
10MCAAmeshwithmidnodes,with
penetrationofthesound
20
Application Examples
43
(Reynolds number=1.0106,
# of grids = 2 billion)
44
21
How automatic grid refiner works?
45
22
Comparison with Wind-tunnel
Data
Accuracy Validations
0.3
EXP.
LES
C d[-]
0.2
1.5
1.0 EXP LES
0.5
Cp
0.0
-0.5
-1.0 0.1
-1.5 0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
X/L R e [-]
original
23
Drag prediction for model ship
Collaborator: SREC
49
Grid-convergence Studies
1 billion grids
8 billion grids
24
Vortex Behaviors
Quantitative comparisons
Measrued
Computed
Comparisons of velocity profiles Limiting streamlines
25
Comparisons of Velocity Contours
on Propeller Plane
Hook
(Reynolds number=40,000,
# of grids = 10 milion)
54
26
Reduction of Turbomachinery
Noise by Mathematical Optimization
Objectives: to develop a very low noise fan by
digital optimizations
Shape
optimizations
Rapid
prototyping
Evaluations of performance
and noise
Rotate at 14,000 rpm
27
Validation Studies
Comparisons of SPL with Test Data
28
Reduction of Aerodynamic Noise
by Digital Optimization
Results of Optimizations
Original fan
Noise level
Conventional
fan
Optimized fan
(-6dB)
Optimized fan
Pressure head
Flow rate
Measured Performance and Noise
59
(Reynolds number=40,000,
# of grids = 17 million)
64
29
Validations of Flow Field LES
U T / | U IN |
d 2x 24 1
m 2 U air uair u p (uair u p ) S p mg
dt Re 2
Time integration scheme
Runnge-kutta 4
30
Comparisons of Trapping Efficiency
1.0
Fractional efficiency
0.8
0.6
0.4
CY70 Re=4.4104
Diameter [m]
130 2000B
Density
0.5
3120
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Particle Diameter: Dp [m]
CY60
31