' " 2016/7

50238-
1#

1

)1 a h
)2 a h

-1-
 ' " 2016/7
)1

)2

-2-
 ' " 2016/7

h t xt , xt ) x(t
1
t
:

-3-
 ' " 2016/7

) s t s t s t s t

) s t s t s t s t

-4-
 ' " 2016/7

s t s t )

s t s t dt 0 s(t)

)

)
1

s a
s t t a da

1

s a
s t t a da

b=-a

1 s b

1 s b

1

s b 1 s b

s t db db db db s t
t b t b t b t b

)
1

s a
s t t a da

1

s a
s t t a da

b=-a

1 s b

1 s b

1

s b 1 s b

s t t b db t b db t b t b db s t
db

)
S f S f H f i sgn f S f

S f S f H f i sgn f i sgn f S f
S f for f 0

sgn f S f S f
2

S f for f<0

s t s t

s t s(t) )

: Parseval' s theorem

-5-
 ' " 2016/7

s t s t dt s t s t dt S f S f df
*

= S f S f df = S f j sgn f S f df
* *

=j sgn f S f df
2

S f S * f S f , s t
2

0

s t s t dt j sgn f S f df j sgn f S f df 0 sgn f S f
2 2 2
df

0

j S f df S f df
2 2

0


j S f df S f df 0
2 2

0 0

-6-
 ' " 2016/7

50238-
2#

1
)1 ) )bit rate-B 16
?SR=200 kSymb/s
:
B log 2 M SR log 2 16 SR 4 200 103 800kb / s

)2 SR ? B=300kb/s
:
B 300 103
SR 300 kSymbol / s
log 2 M log 2 2
)3 SR=3.6 kSymb/s
?B=28.8 kb/s
:
B 28800
log 2 M 8 M 28 256
SR 3600

2
VDSL2 130Mbit/s 400
' . 1Gbit
:SR=30MSymb/s
)( BPSK )
) ( QPSK 4 )
) ( 16-QAM 16 )

) BPSK B=SR=30Mbit/s
1 10 9
T 1Gbit 33.3s
30 10 6

) B log 2 (4) S R 60Mbit / s , 4-QAM

-1-
 ' " 2016/7

110 9
T 1Gbit 16.6s
60 10 6
) B log 2 (16) S R 120Mbit / s , 16-QAM

110 9
T 1Gbit 8.3s
120 10 6

3
s t cos 200 t sin t t
) )s(t
) in-phase- quadrature- ( s(t
f c 100 Hz

) in-phase- quadrature - ( s(t

f c 120 Hz

1 f 0.5
X f rect f ) x t sin t t

0 otherwise

rect f
S f f 100 f 100
2
rect f 100 rect f 100

2 2

)S(f

1
1/2

f
-100 0 100

) f c 100 Hz ( ) :
) G( f ) 2S f f c 2S f 100 rect ( f

-2-
 ' " 2016/7

sin t
g (t ) F 1 G( f )
t
sin t
x(t ) realg t in-phase
t
quadrature y(t ) imagg t 0
g t ,

G( f ) G * ( f ) :
) f c 120 Hz ( ) :
)G( f ) 2S f f c 2S f 120 rect ( f 20

sin t sin t
g (t ) F 1 G( f ) exp j 2 20t exp j 40t ,
t t
sin t
x(t ) realg t in-phase cos 40t
t
sin t
y(t ) imagg t quadrature sin 40t
t
, . G(f) ,
) G( f ) G * ( f

-3-
 ' " 2016/7

1
h t s t : , ) s(t
t

4
)x(t y(t) - ) I (InPhase) & Q (Quadrature ) s(t .f0
s t x t cos 2 f 0t y t sin 2 f 0t

)1 I & Q ) s t , s(t f0

)2 g1 t s t

)3 g 2 t . s t g 2 t ? g1 t

)4 ) g(t ( s(t ) Ac 1 mt cos2f 0 t

)
)5 ) g(t ( s(t ) Ac cos2f 0 t t
)

s t x t cos 2 f 0t y t sin 2 f 0t )1
1 1 1 1
S f X f f 0 X f f 0 Y f f 0 Y f f 0
2 2 2j 2j

S f j sgn f S f Y f f 0 Y f f 0
1 1 1 1
X f f0 X f f0
2 2 2j 2j

-4-
 ' " 2016/7
,
s t y t cos 2 f 0t x t sin 2 f 0t
I&Q
y(t) s t inphase

-x(t) s t quadrature

g1 t s(t ) js(t ) e j 2 f0t s t ,) 2

g1 t x t cos 2 f 0t y t sin 2 f 0t j y t cos 2 f 0t x t sin 2 f 0t e j 2 f0t

x t cos 2 f 0t j sin 2 f 0t y t j cos 2 f 0t sin 2 f 0t e j 2 f0t

x t cos 2 f t j sin 2 f t jy t cos 2 f t j sin 2 f t e

0 0 0 0
j 2 f 0 t

x t e jy t e
j 2 f 0 t
e
j 2 f 0 t
x t jy t
j 2 f 0 t

I&Q

g 2 t s(t ) js(t ) e j 2 f0t s t ,) 3

: , s(t ) s(t )

g 2 t s(t ) js(t ) e j 2 f0t j s (t ) js(t ) e j 2 f0t jg1 t

j x t jy t y t jx t

s(t ) Ac 1 mt cos2f 0 t )4
. y(t ) 0 x(t ) Ac 1 mt ) 1
s(t) ,
g t x(t ) jy(t ) Ac 1 m t

)5
s(t ) Ac cos 2f 0 t t
Ac cos t cos 2f 0 t sin t sin 2f 0 t
x(t ) cos 2f 0 t y (t ) sin 2f 0 t
. y(t ) Ac sin t x(t ) Ac cos t ) 1
s(t) ,

g t Ac cos t j sin t Ac exp j t

-5-
 ' " 2016/7

50238-
: 3#

-1-
 ' " 2016/7

-2-
 ' " 2016/7

-3-
 ' " 2016/7
2
m t m t . B=20 kHz " DSB-TC
:
s t Ac 1 m t cos 2 f ct

, f c . Ac

)1 g t . s t ? s t
)2 :

Low Pass c , B
. DC-Block DC- .
. sout t c ?

.
" "Square Law : )3

Low Pass 2B
. sout t LPF ? 2B

)4
:

-4-
 ' " 2016/7

)a s t Ac 1 m t sin 2 f ct s t s t

( )b . sout t LPF ?
)5 3 4
?
.

-5-
 ' " 2016/7

-6-
 ' " 2016/7

-7-
 ' " 2016/7

50238-
SSB : 4#

-1 ' ' -"

m1 t , m2 t . B

s1 t s2 t m1 t , m2 t

:
s1 t Ac m1 t cos 2 f ct m 1 t sin 2 f ct
s2 t Ac m2 t cos 2 f ct m 2 t sin 2 f ct

, fc Ac m t

. m t

s t s1 t s2 t .

) g 2 t , g1 t g t s2 t , s1 t . s t

s1 t ? s2 t

) :

-1-
 ' " 2016/7

S2 f , S1 f S f s2 t , s1 t . s t

) :

Low Pass B
.a t , m t
( m t m

m t m t

.b ), r(t)=s(t
sout ,1 t sout ,2 t

.c . ?

-2-
 ' " 2016/7

-3-
 ' " 2016/7

a-)
S f S f H f i sgn f S f

S f S f H f i sgn f i sgn f S f

S f for f 0
sgn f S f S f
2

S f for f<0

s t s t

b-)

-4-
 ' " 2016/7

)c-

-5-
 ' " 2016/7

50238-
5# FM :

-1-
 ' " 2016/7

-2-
 ' " 2016/7
2

-3-
 ' " 2016/7

-4-
 ' " 2016/7
3

FM :

) m(t) (audio B=15kHz

. ( FM )FM-output 103.7 MHz

.f=75 kHz
BT ? )
.BPF )
f0 )(Oscillator )
?FM exciter - )
? )

)
f 75kHz
5
B 15kHz
BT 2 1 B 12 B 180kHz

) :

-5-
 ' " 2016/7
f
fin 9.375kHz
8

in 0.625
8
BT ,in 2 in 1 B 3.25 B 48.75kHz

, 48.75 kHz

,:
103.7 MHz
f BPF 12.9625 MHz
8

) :

-6-
 ' " 2015/16

50238-
6

1
) x(t :
1
Rxx N0
2
) x(t :

f
1 when f W
H f W
0
otherwise
) y(t
)1 )? y(t
)2 ) Sxx(f )x(t
)3 ) Syy(f )y(t
) Syy(f f )4
)5 y2

y2 R yy 0 S yy f df :

y t x t h t x t u h u du )1

E y t E x t u h u du E x t u h u du E x t u H 0 0
0

-1-
 ' " 2015/16
(2

N N0
S xx f Rxx exp j 2 f d 0 exp j 2 f d

2
2
)3
f
2

N 1 , f W
0 W
N0
S yy f S xx f H f Hf
2 2

2 2
0 , elsewhere

)4

)5
2
W
f W 2
N f
Ryy 0 S yy f df 0
2
y W 1 W df N0 0 1 W df

2
1
1 1 u 3 NW
N 0W 1 u du N 0W
2
0
0 3
0
3

-2-
 ' " 2015/16
-2 ' "
m t B , s t :

s t Ac m t cos 2 f ct
, fc .Ac
:

Low Pass B c
.
5( .1') ? g t . s t

? s t

.2 ). r(t)=s(t
5( .a') . . sout t c ?

5( .b') ( sout t )

.3 ), r(t)=n(t ) n(t . B
) n(t n t xn t cos 2 fct yn t sin 2 f ct :

n2 t 2 N0 B

5( .a') sout t
2
s out 5( .b') t
.4 , r t s t n t n t 3

5( .a') sout t . S N out

5( .b') Ac 2 , m2 t 1mW n2 t 10W c

S N out 200
5( .c') .

-3-
 ' " 2015/16

-4-
 ' " 2015/16

-5-
 ' " 2016/17

50238-
7
1

x t a g t nT
n
n s

1 0 t Ts
g t Ts .
0, elsewhere
1
Rb ( )
Tb

an 0, A A 0

( . ) p an A p an 0 1 2 A 1 0 .0

)1 x t :

b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

? ( x 2 t "
)
)2 ( W ) :
Rb 10Mb / s .a

Rb 20Mb / s .b

Rb 50Mb / s .c
)3 W , N0/2
:

Eb x 2 t R
b . SNR in b b
N0 N 0W W

)4 ]A=500 mV N0/2=0.5x10-9 [W/Hz

, SNR
:
Rb 10Mb / s .a

Rb 20Mb / s .b

Rb 50Mb / s .c
?
-1-
 ' " 2016/17

)1

unipolar NRZ
) x2(t :

" "1 A2 " "0 .0 " "1""0

,0.5 x 2 t 0.5 A 2 0.5 0 0.5 A 2

)2 , unipolar NRZ ,W=Rb :

.a W 10MHz , Rb 10Mb / s

.b W 20MHz , Rb 20Mb / s

W 50MHz , Rb 50Mb / s .c
: )3
-2-
 ' " 2016/17

Eb x 2 t Tb

x 2 t Eb Tb Eb Rb R
SNRin b b
N 0W N 0W N 0W W
)4

x 2 t R
SNRin b b b
N 0W W

A 2T
Pe Q b
2N 0
Q b

A 2Tb A2
b
2 N 0 2 N 0 Rb

SNRin b
A2

0.5 2
25 , Rb 10Mb / s .a
9
2 N 0 Rb 1 10 10 10 6
,

Pe Q b Q5 2.87 10 7

SNRin b
A2

0.5
2
12.5 , Rb 20Mb / s .b
9
2 N 0 Rb 1 10 20 10 6
,

Pe Q b Q3.54 Q3.55 1.9 10 4

SNRin b
A2

0.5 2
5 , Rb 50Mb / s .c
9
2 N 0 Rb 1 10 50 10 6
,

Pe Q b Q2.24 Q2.25 1.2 10 2

( ) SNR ,
!

-3-
 ' " 2016/17
2
:

a n A,0 A 0

( . ) pa n A pa n 0 1 2 A " "1 -A

1 for 0 t Tb
f t " ."0
0 elsewhere
0 .N0/2
"" kTb t 0 . k 1Tb

r0 t 0 kTb t0 t k 1Tb

5( )1') st bk t kTb * f t
k
:
b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

)?s(t
10( )2') ( , )n(t)=0 r0 t s0 t )1

s01 t 0 s02 t0 :
t 0 Tb )a

Tb
t0 )b
2
:
s01 t 0 t0 ". "1

s02 t0 t0 "."0

-4-
 ' " 2016/17

02 E n 2 t0
N0
( 5') ( .) r t nt t0 )3
0
2
X
0 d 1 : 0 0 X
0

10( )4') VT :
t 0 Tb )a

Tb
t0 )b
2
?

-5-
 ' " 2016/17

-6-
 ' " 2016/17

-7-
 ' " 2016/17

: Q

-8-
 ' " 2015/16

50238-
8
1

s1 t A sin c t c p , 0 t T for bit 1
s 2 t A sin c t c p , 0 t T for bit 0
p

. p ? )1
2

, 0 p )2
2
)3 :

2
-B
T

A sin c t c p nt ,
0 t T for bit 1
r t
A sin c t c p nt
0 t T for bit 0

) n(t . 2B
) n(t n t xn t cos 2 fct yn t sin 2 f ct :

n 2 t x n2 t y n2 t 2 N 0 B

.0 p )a N0 ,A, p B
2
)b p ?

-1-
 ' " 2015/16
:

)3
)a

-2-
 ' " 2015/16
3
A BER of 10-5 or less is desired for an OOK communication system where the bit rate is
1
R 10Mb / s . The input to the receiver consists of the OOK signal (with amplitude A for bit 1
T
and 0 for bit 0) plus white Gaussian noise (PSD=N0/2).
(1) Find the minimum transmission bandwidth required.
(2) Find the minimum Eb/N0 required at the receiver input for coherent matched-filter detection.
(3) Rework part (b) for the case of ideal low pass filter with bandwidth B=2R=20 MHz.

.) 1
Min BT=R=10MHz

OOK ) 2
A 2T
Pe Q
4N 0
Q


b

A 2T
b
4N 0
: Q
Qx 10 5 x 4.25
,

Q b 10 5 b 4.25 18.06 12.6dB
2

B=2R=20 MHz OOK )3

A2 A2 A2T
Pe Q Pe Q Q Q b
8N0 B 16 N0 R 16 N0 4

A 2T
b
4N 0
: Q
Qx 10 5 x 4.25
,

Q b 105 b 4 4.25 72.24 18.6dB
2

-3-
 ' " 2016/17

50238-
9
1 " '- '
, 2015 " New Horizons , .
/ " ,/ / Rb

( 45- 4.5- ) BPSK
. PbMAX 1 10 2

:

L1=810 x106 km
L2=4770 x106 km
BPSK
fc=8.4 GHz fc -
B=2Rb
PTX=10.8 dBw
GAT=42 dB
GAR=74 dB
TA=14 K TA=TAR+Tfeed
Gfeed=0.98 )(feedline gain
GLNA=40dB GLNA
TLNA=30 K TLNA
TRX=2200 K - BPSK
-2
1x10 BER ( )FEC
BPSK .

-1-
 ' " 2016/17

)1 ,BPSK b Pb PbMAX 1 102 .

, C/N ?BPSK . dB
: Q
PEIRP . )2
( c=3 108 m/s: )
)3 .Tsys
C/N dB L B )4
kdB=-228.6 dB :
)5 L1 .L2
)6 ,
2.5Mbit

-2-
 ' " 2016/17

-3-
 ' " 2016/17

-4-
 ' " 2016/17

50238-
10

1 " '- '

(Passive Optical Network) PON
.
. PON "
). )Fiber to the Home-FFTH

PON ) , (TX
SMF ) (DCF , ( (splitter
1 N- N ) (RX :

1 N- [mW] Pin N
Pout=Pin/N ][mW

1550 nm 10.7 Gbit/s NRZ OOK

( . Ps(0)= 2mW )z=0 km

SMF DCF
Length L1 L2
Chromatic D1=17 D2=-136
dispersion [)]ps/(nm-km ][ps/nm-km
Loss @1550 dB,1=0.2 dB/km dB,2=0.5 dB/km
nm

, PRX,dBm=-23 dBm

, L2 ? DCF .1

-1-
 ' " 2016/17

.2 dBm PRX ( Ps 0 L1 , dB,2 ,dB,1,( dBmN

) (L1 .3
8=N .a
16=N .b
32=N .c
64=N .d

.4 , T2 1 pW
) (BER ?

: ). Q(x

.5 10 Gb/s ( ) ,
10.7 Gb/s

-2-
 ' " 2016/17

)4

PRX 23dBm 5W
0.7 PRX 0.7 5 106
Pb Q Q Q3.5 2.3 104
T
6
1 10

-3-
 ' " 2016/17
-2 " '- '

) (Data Center : ) (Lulea

.
. L=3300 km
/ ,/
. BER 102
BPSK . 60 Gb/s
) , (TX ) ,(RX
. L=3300 km LA
. . B0=120GHz :

BPSK Ps0,dBm=0dBm

Total Length L=3300 km

Fiber Loss dB =0.2 dB/km
Span number N=L/LA
Optical Filter bandwidth B0=120 GHz
Electrical Filter bandwidth Be=60 GHz
Required BER at the receiver BER 102

:
3 2 1
G3=22 dB G2=26.4 dB G1=30 dB
F3=7dB F2=6dB F1=5dB
5000 $ 5500 $ 6000 $

( 5') ( )OSNR- )1
?BER=10-2 . dB
Qx 10 2 : x 2.3

-4-
 ' " 2016/17
5( )2') , LA
?
5( )3') , OSNR- ?
5( )4') ?BER<10-2
5( )5') BPSK .

-5-
 ' " 2016/17

-6-
 ' " 2016/17

-7-
 ' " 2016/17

50238-
: 11

1
2 : I II
1 m t 1 , B=1 MHz mt 0

m t 0.2 Watt .
2

, :
10 1 Ps 0
Ps L s t , L Ps 0 s t ,0 10 Watt L
2 2

L2
() . . ].L>1 [m
.

0.5 10 11 W / Hz
N0
2
S
30dB
N out ,dB
. 1
I
" :DSB-TC
s t , L Ac L 1 m t cos 2 f ct fc 1GHz

)1 ?

)2 Ac 0 ? Ps 0 s 2 t ,0 10 Watt

-1-
 ' " 2016/17

S
. )3 Ac L 30dB
N out ,dB
)4 ?

II
PCM
.)On-Off Keying) OOK

)1 PCM - , f s 2MSamp / s M=64

.unipolar NRZ
PCM x t bk f t kTb Tb bk 0,1 ,
k

1 for 0 t Tb
f t
0 elsewhere
1
Rb ? Tb )a
Tb
)b SNRq
)c } {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 x t . x 2 t

x t ( 0.5 Watt ) x 2 t 0.5 Watt

)d PSD x t . ( W )

)2 ( x t )1 :OOK

s t , L Ac L x t cos 2 f ct fc 1GHz

. x 2 t 0.5 Watt

)a Ac 0 ? Ps 0 s 2 t ,0 10 Watt

? s t

-2-
 ' " 2016/17

S
)b Pe 30dB
N out ,dB

)c , Ac L Pe
?
: ). Q(x
)d ? I
.
Q

-3-
 ' " 2016/17

-4-
 ' " 2016/17

-5-
 ' " 2016/17

-6-