(THỦ KHOA) -HÓA HỬU CƠ THEO TỪNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ/chuyên đề 1-hidrocacbon PDF

Lp BDKT va Luyen thi
TN THPT, C-H
HOA HOC
(0986.616.225)
www.hoahoc.edu.vn
ThS. LU HUNH VN LONG
(0986.616.225)
(Ging vin Trng H Th Du Mt Bnh Dng)
----
----
LUYEN THI AI HOC 2014
CHUYEN E HU C 1:
HIROCACBON
Khong tc gian v muon biet th khong gi m cho

Khong bc v khong hieu ro c th khong bay ve cho
Khong T
LU HNH NI B
2/2014
CHUYEN E 1: HIROCACBON Bai giang c ang tai tren Website: www.hoahoc.edu.vn
PHAN 1: HIROCACBON NO
GIAO KHOA
CU 1 (H A 2013): Tn thay th (theo IUPAC) ca (CH3)3C-CH2-CH(CH3)2 l:

A. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan B. 2,2,4,4-tetrametylbutan
C. 2,4,4,4-tetrametylbutan D. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan
CU 2 (C 2008): Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l CnH2n+1. Hirocacbon
thuc dy ng ng ca:
A. ankan. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. anken
CU 3 (C 2010): S lin tip (xch ma) c trong mi phn t: etilen; axetilen; buta-1,3-ien ln
lt l
A. 3; 5; 9 B. 5; 3; 9 C. 4; 2; 6 D. 4; 3; 6
PHAN NG THE HALOGEN
CU 4 (H A 2013): Khi c chiu sng, hirocacbon no sau y tham gia phn ng th vi clo
theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c ba dn xut monoclo l ng phn cu to ca nhau?
A. isopentan. B. pentan. C. neopentan. D. butan.
CU 5 (C 2008): t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol
H2O. Khi X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn
gi ca X l
A. 2-Metylbutan. B. Etan.
C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-Metylpropan
HNG DN GII
Tm tt:
O2
Hirocacbon X 0,11 mol CO2 + 0,132 mol H2O
+ Cl2
1:1
1 sp duy nhat
n H2O > n CO2 X l ankan
CnH2n+2 nCO2 + (n+1) H2O
n+1 0,132
T l: = n = 5 C5H12
n 0,11
Khi C5H12 tc dng kh clo (t l 1:1) ch cho 1 sn phm hu c duy nht nn X i xng
CTCT l:
CH3
H3C C CH3
CH3
ThS. LU HUNH VN LONG (Ging vin Trng H Th Du Mt- Bnh Dng) -1-
CHUYN: Bi dng kin thc Luyn thi TN THPT C & H mn HA HC
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy lin lc n ST: 0986.616.225 (T.Long). Email: Vanlongtdm@gmail.com
n CO2 0,11
P N C Ch : C = = = 5
C5 H12
nX 0,132-0,11
CU 6 (H B 2007): Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c
t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80)
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan.
C. isopentan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
HNG DN GII
CnH2n+2 + Br2 CnH2n+1Br + HBr
Ta c: 14n + 81 = 2x75,5 = n = 5 C5H12
Do khi tc dng mt ln th vi brom ch cho 1 sn phm monobrom duy nht nn ankan c tnh i
xng:
CH3
H3C C CH3
CH3
P N B
CU 7 (C 2007): Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%)
tc dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo
ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l:
A. 2-metylpropan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan.
C. butan. D. 3-metylpentan
HNG DN GII
Cng thc chung ankan l CnH2n+2 (n 1)
12n
%C = *100 = 83, 72 n = 6 (C6 H14 )
12n + 2
Khi C6H14 tc dng vi clo t l 1:1 ch to 2 sn phm monoclo ng phn ca nhau
Ankan c cu to i xng:
P N B
CU 8 (H A 2008): Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t
cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu
kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a
sinh ra l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
HNG DN GII
Khi t 1 th tch X thu c 6 th tch CO2 X c 6C. X mch h v ch c ton l lin kt
nn X l ankan C6H14
X c 2 nguyn t cacbon bc 3 nn X c CTCT l:
CH3 CH CH CH3
CH3 CH3
Cho X tc dng vi Cl2( t l 1:1) ch to 2 dn xut monoclo
P N C
PHAN NG CHAY
CU 9 (C 2010): t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp gm hai hirocacbon X v Y (MY >
MX), thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H6 B. C2H4 C. CH4 D. C2H2
HNG DN GII
n hh = 0,3 (mol); n CO2 = 0,5 (mol); n H2O = 0,6 (mol)
0,5
S nguyn t cacbon trung bnh: C = = 1,67 C 1 hirocacbon c 1C l CH4
0,3
Do MY > MX X l CH4
P N C
CU 10 (C 2012): t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng, thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,24 gam H2O. Hai hirocacbon trong X l
A. C2H2 v C3H4. B. C2H4 v C3H6. C. CH4 v C2H6 D. C2H6 v C3H8
HNG DN GII
n H2 O > n CO2 X l ankan
n CO2
C= = 1,25 CH4 v C2H6
n H2O - n CO2
P N C
CU 11 (H B 2012): t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon (t l s mol 1 : 1) c
cng thc n gin nht khc nhau, thu c 2,2 gam CO2 v 0,9 gam H2O. Cc cht trong X l
A. mt ankan v mt ankin B. hai ankaien
C. hai anken. D. mt anken v mt ankin.
HNG DN GII
n CO2 = n H2 O loi B v D
Cc anken u c cng cng thc n gin (CH2)n loi C
P N A
CU 12 (C 2007): t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi
khng kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc.
Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l (Cho H =
1; C = 12; O = 16)
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
HNG DN GII
CH4
+O2
C 2H 6 7,84 lit CO2 + 9,9g H2O
V khong kh ?
C 3H 8
Dng phng php bo ton nguyn t Oxi:
nO(O2) = nO(CO2) + nO(H2O)
7,84 9,9
*2 +
22,4 18
n O2 = = 0,625(mol)
2
nH O
Hoc: n O2 = n CO2 + 2 = 0,625 (mol)
2
0,625*22,4*100
VKK = = 70(lit )
20
P N A
CU 13 (H A 2010): t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy
vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim
19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4. B. C2H6. C. C3H6. D. C3H8.
HNG DN GII
29,55
n CO2 = n BaCO3 = = 0,15 mol
197
Khi lng dung dch gim: m BaCO3 (m CO2 + m H2O ) = 19,35
m CO2 + m H2O = 29,55 19,35 = 10,2 (g)
10,2 0,15.44
n H2 O = = 0,2 mol
18
n CO2 0,15
n CO2 < n H2O X l ankan S C = = = 3 X l C3H8
n H2O nCO2 0,2 0,15
P N D
E HIRO HOA CRACKINH
CU 14 (H A 2008): Khi crackinh ho ton mt th tch ankan X thu c 3 th tch hn hp Y (

cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn
t ca X l:
A. C6H14. B. C3H8 C. C4H10. D. C5H12.
HNG DN GII
HNG DN GII
V cng iu kin nn t l th tch coi l t l s mol
Crackinh 1 mol A c 3 mol hn hp kh Y.
M Y = 12.2 = 24. mY = 24.3 = 72 g.
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng :
mX = mY = 72 g
MX = 72 = 14n + 2 n = 5 => X l C5H12
P N D
(HS XEM THM CHUYN : PHN NG CRACKINH V HIRO HA)
CU 15 (C 2012): Nung mt lng butan trong bnh kn (c xc tc thch hp) thu c hn hp
kh X gm ankan v anken. T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l 21,75. Phn trm th tch ca butan trong
X l:
A. 33,33% B. 50,00% C. 66,67% D. 25,00%
HNG DN GII
Xt 1 mol butan:
M C4 H10 58 n
= = Y n Y = 1,333(3) (mol)
MY 21, 75.2 1
S mol butan phn ng : 1,333 1 = 0,333 (mol)
S mol butan trong Y: 1 0,333 = 0,667 (mol)
0,667
Phn trm th tch ca butan trong X: .100% = 50%
1,333
P N B
CU 16 (H B 2011): Cho butan qua xc tc ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp X gm C4H10, C4H8,
C4H6, H2. T khi ca X so vi butan l 0,4. Nu cho 0,6 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol
brom ti a phn ng l:
A. 0,48 mol B. 0,36 mol C. 0,60 mol D. 0,24 mol
HNG DN GII
Ta c:
M C4H10 (b) nX 58
= = = 2,5
MX n C4 H 10( b ) 23,2
Xt 0,6 mol X n C4 H 10 (b) = 0,24 n H2 = 0,6 0,24 = 0,36 (mol)
Mt khc: n Br2 = n H2 = 0,36 (mol)
(HS xem thm chuyn Phng php tnh nhanh hiu sut cracking ca Thy trn
www.hoahoc.edu.vn)
P N B
P N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
CC EM HC SINH THN MN!

Trong qu trnh hc, nu cc em c nhng thc mc v cc ni dung Ha hc 10,11,12 & LTH cng
nh cc phng php gii nhanh bi tp trc nghim, cc em hy mnh dn trao i trc tip vi Thy.
Thy s gip cc em hiu r cc vn m cc em cha nm vng, cng nh gip cc em thm yu
thch b mn Ha hc.
Rt mong s quan tm v ng gp kin ca tt c qu Thy (C), hc sinh v nhng ai quan tm
n Ha hc.
ThS. LU HUNH VN LONG (Ging vin Trng H Th Du Mt- Bnh Dng)
ST : 0986.616.225 (ngoi gi hnh chnh)
Email : vanlongtdm@hoahoc.edu.vn HOC vanlongtdm@gmail.com
Website : www.hoahoc.edu.vn HOC www.daihocthudaumot.edu.vn
MT S BI VIT CA THY VN LONG V CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI
TP TRC NGHIM NG TRN TP CH HA HC & NG DNG CA
HI HA HC VIT NAM
1. Vn dng nh lut bo ton in tch gii nhanh mt s bi ton ha hc dng trc nghim
(Tp ch Ha hc v ng dng s 12(84)/2008)
2. Phng php xc nh nhanh sn phm trong cc phn ng ca hp cht photpho
3. Phng php gii nhanh bi ton hn hp kim loi Al/Zn v Na/Ba tc dng vi nc
4. Phng php tnh nhanh hiu sut ca phn ng crackinh
5. Phng php tm nhanh CTPT FexOy
6. Nhiu bi vit CHUYN , CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH v BI GII CHI TIT
tt c cc tuyn sinh H C mn Ha hc cc nm ( 2007-2013),....
c ng ti trn WEBSITE:
www.hoahoc.edu.vn HOC www.daihocthudaumot.edu.vn
PHAN 2: HIROCACBON KHONG NO
GIO KHOA
CU 1 (H B 2011): Trong qu gc chn rt giu hm lng:

A.ete ca vitamin A B. este ca vitamin A
C. -caroten D. vitamin A
CU 2 (H B 2013): Hirocacbon no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch brom thu c 1,2-
ibrombutan?
A. But-1-en. B. Butan. C. Buta-1,3-ien. D. But-1-in.
CU 3 (H A 2009): Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi
ca X l:
A. etilen. B. xiclopropan. C. xiclohexan D. stiren.
CU 4 (C 2013): Cht no di y khi phn ng vi HCl thu c sn phm chnh l 2-clobutan?
A. But-1-en. B. Buta-1,3-ien. C. But-2-in. D. But-1-in.
CU 5 (H A 2008): Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-2( hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn
phm chnh thu c l:
A. 2-metylbuten-3( hay 2-metylbut-3-en) B. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en)
C. 3-metylbuten-1( hay 3-metylbut-1-en) D. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en)
CU 6 (H A 2011): Cho buta-1,3 - ien phn ng cng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1. S dn xut
ibrom (ng phn cu to v ng phn hnh hnh hc) thu c l :
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
CU 7 (H B 2010): Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc?
A. But-2-in B. But-2-en C. 1,2-icloetan D. 2-clopropen
CU 8 (C 2011): Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc?
A. CH2=CH-CH=CH2 B. CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH2
C. CH3-CH=C(CH3)2 D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
CU 9 (H A 2008): Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2- CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3,
CH3-C(CH3) =CH-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2, s cht c ng phn hnh hc l:
A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3.
CU 10 (C 2009): Cho cc cht: CH2=CHCH=CH2; CH3CH2CH=C(CH3)2;
CH3CH=CHCH=CH2; CH3 CH =CH2; CH3CH=CHCOOH. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
CU 11 (H B 2008): Cho dy cc cht: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH,
C6H5NH2 (anilin), C6H5OH (phenol), C6H6 (benzen). S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc
brom l:
A. 6. B. 8. C. 7. D. 5
CU 12 (H B 2008): Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2
ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankan. B. ankaien. C. anken. D. ankin
HNG DN GII
X: CxHy
Y: CxHyCH2
Z: CxHyC2H4
MZ = 2MX X l C2H4 X,Y,Z thuc dy ng ng ca anken
P N C
CU 13 (C 2011): Cho cc cht: axetilen, vinylaxetilen, cumen, stiren, xiclohecxan, xiclopropan v
xiclopentan. Trong cc cht trn, s cht phn ng uc vi dung dch brom l:
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 6.
CU 14 (H A 2012): Cho dy cc cht: cumen, stiren, isopren, xiclohexan, axetilen, benzen. S cht
trong dy lm mt mu dung dch brom l:
A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
CU 15 (H B 2013): Cho dy cht sau: isopren, anilin, anehit axetic, toluen, pentan, axit
metacrylic v stiren. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l
A. 6. B. 4. C. 7. D. 5.
CU 16 (H A 2007): Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3(hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch
NH3, l:
A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2.
C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen
CU 17(C 2013): S ng phn cu to, mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C4H6 l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
CU 18 (H B 2011): S ng phn cu to ca C5H10 phn ng c vi dung dch brom l:
A. 8 B. 9 C. 5 D. 7
CU 19 (H B 2012): Cho dy chuyn ha sau:
+H 2 O +H 2 +H 2 O
CaC2 X
Pd/PbCO3
Y
H+
Z
Tn gi ca X v Z ln lt l
A. axetilen v ancol etylic. B. axetilen v etylen glicol.
C. etan v etanal D. etilen v ancol etylic.
CU 20 (C 2013): Trng hp m tn etilen thu c 1 tn polietilen (PE) vi hiu sut phn ng
bng 80%. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,80. B. 2,00. C. 0,80. D. 1,25.
PHAN NG OXI HOA KHONG HOAN TOAN
CU 21 (H B 2010): iu kin thch hp: cht X phn ng vi cht Y to ra anehit axetic; cht
X phn ng vi cht Z to ra ancol etylic. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C2H4, O2, H2O B. C2H2, H2O, H2 C. C2H4, H2O, CO D. C2H2, O2, H2O
HNG DN GII
o
xt, t C
2C2H4 + O2 2CH3CHO
o
xt, t C
C2H4 + H2O CH3CH2OH
P N A
CU 22 (H B 2007): Oxi ho 4,48 lt C2H4 ( ktc) bng O2 (xc tc PdCl2, CuCl2), thu c
cht X n chc. Ton b lng cht X trn cho tc dng vi HCN (d) th c 7,1 gam
CH3CH(CN)OH (xianohirin). Hiu sut qu trnh to CH3CH(CN)OH t C2H4 l:
A. 70%. B. 50%. C. 60%. D. 80%.
HNG DN GII
Theo l thuyt:
4,48
n C2 H4 = n CH3CH(CN)OH = = 0,2 (mol)
22,4
m CH3CH(CN)OH = 0,2 * 71 = 14,2 (g)
7,1
H= *100 = 50%
14,2
P N B
CU 23 (C 2009): kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu
en cn V lt kh C2H4 ( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l:
A. 1,344 B. 4,480 C. 2,240 D. 2,688
HNG DN GII
n KMnO4 = 0,2.0,2 = 0,04 (mol)
3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O
3C2H4(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
0,06 0,04
VC2 H 4 = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344 (lt)
P N A
PHAN NG CHAY
CU 24: t chy hon ton hirocacbon X bng lng oxi va . Sn phm chy sau khi dn qua
CaCl2 khan th th tch kh gim ch cn mt na. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H6 B. C4H6 C. C2H4 D. C3H8
HNG DN GII
P N C
CU 25 (H B 2008): t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2
lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc
phn t ca X l:
A. C2H6. B. C2H4. C. CH4. D. C3H8.
HNG DN GII
2
S nguyn t Cacbon trung bnh trong hn hp = = 2 X c 2C
1
Khi t hn hp gm C2H2 v X thu c V(CO2) = V(H2O) X l ankan C2H6
P N A
CU 26 (H B 2010): Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng
11,25. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (cc th tch kh o ktc). Cng thc ca
ankan v anken ln lt l
A. CH4 v C2H4. B. C2H6 v C2H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. CH4 v C4H8.
HNG DN GII
M X = 11,25.2 = 22,5 X phi c CH4 Loi B
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca CH4 v CnH2n
nX = x + y = 0,2 (1)
n CO2 = x + ny = 0,3 (2)
mX = 16x + 14ny = 22,5.0,2 (3)
Gii h pt (1), (2), (3) c n = 3 anken l C3H6
P N C
CU 27 (H A 2007): Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t
chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c
hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C3H8. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C3H4.
HNG DN GII
t hn hp gm hirocacbon X gm CxHy (1 mol) v O2 (10 mol ).
y y
CxHy + x + O2 xCO2 + H2O
4 2
y y
1 mol x + mol x mol mol
4 2
y
Hn hp kh Z gm x mol CO2 v 10 x + mol O2 d.
4
M Z = 19 2 = 38
( n CO2 ) 44 6
n co2 1
38 =
n o2 1
( n O2 ) 32 6
y
Vy: x = 10 x 8x = 40 y. x = 4, y = 8 C4H8
4
P N C.
Ch :
T cc phng n tr li A,B,D u c 3C nn t X l C3Hy
Nu gii c y = 4; 6; 8 th ta chn p n tng ng ca A,B,D
Nu y c gi tr khc p n C
CU 28 (H A 2012): t chy hon ton 4,64 gam mt hirocacbon X (cht kh iu kin thng)
ri em ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2. Sau cc phn ng thu
c 39,4 gam kt ta v khi lng phn dung dch gim bt 19,912 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X
l:
A. CH4. B. C3H4. C. C4H10. D. C2H4.
HNG DN GII
Gi s mol CO2 v H2O l a v b mol.
mC + mH = 12.a + 2.b = 4,64 (1)
mdd gim = m BaCO3 ( m CO2 + m H2 O ) = 19,912
44.a + 18.b = 39,4 19,912 = 19,488 (2)
Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2): a = 0,348 ; b = 0,232.
C n CO2 0,348 3
T l: = = = C3H4
H 2n H2O 2.0,232 4
P N B
CU 29 (H A 2008): Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch
brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh.
Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon
l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc)
A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6
HNG DN GII
Tm tt:
1,68 lit hh X(2 hidrocacbon) 4g 2
Br
1,12lit
d
+O2
2,8lit CO2
4
n(Br2)= = 0, 025(mol)
160
1,12
Theo bi th hn hp gm mt hirocacbon no l ankan c s mol = 0, 05(mol) v
22, 4
1,68 1,12
hirocacbon khng no CnH2n+2-2k c s mol = 0, 025(mol)
22, 4
CnH2n+2-2k + kBr2 CnH2n+2-2kBr2k
0,025 0,025k = 0,025 k = 1 Loi B
Da vo phn ng t chy hn hp X ta tnh c s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh:
n CO2 VCO2 2,8
nC = = = = 1,67 Loi D
nX VX 1,68
Da vo p n A v C ankan l CH4 nn:
CH4 CO2 + 2H2O
1,12(lit) 1,12 (lit)
2,8 1,12
S nguyn t C trong hirocacbon khng no l: = 3 C3H6
0,56
P N C
CU 30 (H A 2007): Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi

lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th
hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l
A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10.
HNG DN GII
t CTPT ca cc hirocacbon ng ng nhau l:
X: CxHy; Y: Cx+1Hy+2; Z: Cx+2Hy+4
M MZ = 2MX x = 2 v y = 4
Vy X: C2H4; Y: C3H6; Z: C4H8
C3H 6
3CO2 + 3H 2 O
0,1 0,3 (mol)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H 2 O
0,3
0,3 (mol)
m CaCO3 = 0,3*100 = 30 (g)
P N C
Ch :
CO2 p Ca(OH)2 d th: n CO2 = n CaCO3
n CO2 = n ot * So C
CU 31 (H A 2012): t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng

ng cn va 10,5 lt O2 (cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hirat ha
hon ton X trong iu kin thch hp thu c hn hp ancol Y, trong khi lng ancol bc hai
bng 6/13 ln tng khi lng cc ancol bc mt. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol bc mt (c s
nguyn t cacbon ln hn) trong Y l
A. 46,43%. B. 10,88%. C. 31,58%. D. 7,89%.
HNG DN GII
3n t oC
Cn H 2n + O2 n CO2 + n H 2 O
2
3 2 VCO 7
Ta c: VO = VCO VCO = .10, 5 = 7 C = 2
= = 2,33 Hai anken l C2H4 v C3H6.
2
2 2 2
3 VX 3
p dng phng php ng cho vi nguyn t cacbon:
.
Chn: n C2 H4 = 2 ; nC3H6 = 1 (mol)
CH2=CH2 + H2O
CH3CH2OH
2 (mol) 2 (mol)
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2O
CH3-CH2-CH2OH (ancol bc I)
a (mol) a (mol)
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2O
CH3-CHOH-CH3 (ancol bc II)
(1 a) mol 1 - a (mol)
60.(1-a) 6
Ta c: = a = 0,2 .
46.2 + 60.a 13
60.0, 2
Phn trm khi lng: % CH3-CH2-CH2OH = .100 = 7,89%
46.2 + 60.1
P N D
CU 32 (C 2008): t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp
hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p
sut). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l:
A. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1.
HNG DN GII
Tm tt:
C3 H 6
O2
20ml CH4 24ml CO2
X CO
VCO = 2VCH4
CH4 CO2 CO CO2 C3H6 3CO2

V V 2V 2V (20-3V) 3(20-3V)
V(CO2) = V + 2V + 3(20-3V) = 24 V = 6(ml)
16.6+28.12+2.42 25,8
MX = = 25,8 d X/H2 = = 12,9
20 2
P N A
CU 33 (C 2008): t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c
s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Thnh phn phn trm v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt
l:
A. 75% v 25%. B. 20% v 80%. C. 35% v 65%. D. 50% v 50%.
HNG DN GII
CnH2n+2
nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
a an a(n+1)
CmH2m-2 mCO2 + (m-1) H2O
b bm b(m-1)
Ta c: an + bm = a(n+1) + b(m-1) a = b
Hay phn % s mol ca ankan v ankin l 50% v 50%
P N D
CH :
O2
Hn hp (1 ankan v 1 ankin) n H2O = n CO2
nankan = nankin
CU 34 (C 2013): Hn hp kh X gm C2H6, C3H6 v C4H6. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 24. t
chy hon ton 0,96 gam X trong oxi d ri cho ton b sn phm chy vo 1 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2
0,05M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kt ta . Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,85. B. 5,91. C. 13,79. D. 7,88.
HNG DN GII
HNG DN GII
C 2 H 6 CO2
O2 d 0,05 (mol) Ba(OH)2
0,96 (g) hh X C3 H 6 sp H 2 O m BaCO3 ?
C H O
4 6 2 d
d X = 24
H2
t cng thc trung bnh ca X: Cn H 6
M X = 24.2 = 48 = 12n + 6 n = 3,5

0,96
nX = = 0, 02 (mol) n CO2 = 0,02.3,5 = 0,07 (mol)
48
nOH 0,05.2
Lp t l: 1 < = = 1,43 < 2 to ra 2 mui
n CO2 0,07
Ta c: n CO 2- = n OH- - n CO2 = 0,1 - 0,07 = 0,03 (mol)
3
Ba2+ + CO32-
BaCO3
0,05 0,03 0,03
m BaCO3 = 0,03.197 = 5,91 (g)
P N B
CU 27 (H B 2008): Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t

chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l
A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam.
HNG DN GII
+ O2
0,1 mol hh X(C3H8, C3H6, C3H4) m CO2 + m H2O = ?
d X/H2 = 21,2
Nhn thy: 3 cht hu c c cng s C nn t cng thc chung ca 3 hirocacbon l C3Hy
M X = 21,2. 2 = 42,4 = 12.3 + y y = 6,4
1
C3Hy
3CO2 + HO
2 2
0,1 0,3 0,1.0,5y
mCO2 + mH2O = 0,3.44 + 0,1.0,5.6,4.18 =18,96 g
P N B
PHAN NG CONG H2
CU 35 (H B 2013): Trong cc cht: stiren, axit acrylic, axit axetic, vinylaxetilen v butan, s cht
c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, un nng) l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
CU 36 (H B 2010): C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch
bng phn ng cng H2 (xc tc Ni, t0)?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
CU 37 (H A 2012): Hiro ha hon ton hirocacbon mch h X thu c isopentan. S cng thc
cu to c th c ca X l
A. 6. B. 7. C. 4. D. 5.
CU 38 (C 2009): Cho cc cht : xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-
en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, to), cho cng mt sn phm l :
A. 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan
B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en
C. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en
D. xiclobutan , 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en
CU 39(C 2013): Cho cc cht: but-1-en, but-1-in, buta-1,3-ien, vinylaxetilen, isobutilen, anlen.
C bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht trn khi phn ng hon ton vi kh H2 d (xc tc Ni, un nng)
to ra butan?
A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
CU 40 (H A 2012): Hn hp X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi H2 l 7,5. Dn X qua Ni nung
nng, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 l 12,5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l
A. 70%. B. 80%. C. 60%. D. 50%.
HNG DN GII
Hiu sut tnh theo H2 hoc C2H4.

Chn n H2 = nC2 H4 = 1 mol nX = 2 mol
Bo ton khi lng: mX = mY 15.2 = nY.12,5.2 nY = 1,2
n H2 p = nX nY = 2 1,2 = 0,8 mol
0,8
H= .100 = 80%
1
P N B
CU 41 (C 2009) : Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung

nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l
A. 25% B. 20% C. 50% D. 40%
HNG DN GII
C H Ni, t o C
hh X 2 4 hh Y (d Y = 5)
H2 He
p dng quy tc ng cho cho hh X:

n C2 H4 1
=
n H2 1
Xt 1 mol hn hp X n C2 H4 = n H2 = 0,5 (mol)

M X n Y 15
= = = 0,75 nY = 0,75 (mol)
M Y n X 20
n H2 (p) = n Y - n X = 0,25 (mol)
0,25
H= *100 = 50%
0,5
P N C
CU 42 (H B 2012): Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol vinylaxetilen v 0,6 mol H2. Nung nng hn hp X
(xc tc Ni) mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 bng 10. Dn hn hp Y qua dung
dch Brom d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng brom tham gia phn ng l
A. 0 gam B. 24 gam C. 8 gam D. 16 gam
HNG DN GII
0,15 (mol) C4 H 4 Ni,toC + Br2 ?
hh X hh Y(d Y/H2 =10)
0,6 (mol) H 2
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: mX = mY = 0,15.52 + 0,6.2 = 9 (g)
9
S mol hn hp Y: nY = = 0, 45(mol) n H2 (p) = n X - n Y = 0,75 - 0,45 = 0,3 (mol)
2.10
Mt khc: n H2 (p) + n Br2 (p) = 0,15.3 n Br2 (p) = 0, 45 0,3 = 0,15 (mol)
m Br2 (p) = 0,15.160 = 24 (g)
P N B
CU 43 (C 2009): Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H2 v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gian
vi xc tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t
vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 32,0 B. 8,0 C. 3,2 D. 16,0
HNG DN GII
mX = 0,3.2+0,1.52 = 5,8(g)
5,8
Theo bo ton khi lng: mX = mY nY = = 0,2 (mol)
29
n H2 p = nX nY = 0,4 -0,2 = 0,2 (mol)
T l mol vinylaxetilen : H2 = 1 : 2 nn sn phm to thnh l but-1-en nn phn ng vi Br2
C4H4 + 2H2
C4H8 C4H8 + Br2
C4H8Br2
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1
m Br2 = 160.0,1=16(g)
P N D
CU 44 (H A 2013): Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,35 mol C2H2; 0,65 mol H2 v mt t bt Ni. Nung
nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 bng 8. Sc X vo lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 n phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y v 24 gam kt ta. Hn
hp kh Y phn ng va vi bao nhiu mol Br2 trong dung dch ?
A. 0,10 mol. B. 0,20 mol. C. 0,25 mol. D. 0,15 mol
HNG DN GII
C 2 H 2
0,35 (mol) C2 H 2 Ni, to C AgNO3 /NH3 d 24(g)C2 Ag2
hh kh X C2 H 4
0,65 (mol) H 2 H hh kh Y + a (mol) Br2
2
(M X = 16)
0,35.26 + 0,65.2
M b = = 10,4
0,65 + 0,35
M b n X 10, 4 n X
Ta c: = = n X = 0,65
M X n b 16 1
n H2 (p ) = n b - n X = 1 - 0,65 = 0,35 (mol)
Bo ton s mol lin kt :
0,35.2 = 0,35 + 0,1.2 + a
a = 0,15
P N D
CU 45 (H A 2008): un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau
mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom
(d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch
brom tng l
HNG DN GII
0,06 mol C2H2 + Br2
+ Ni 0,448 lit hh Z
hh Y d
0,04 mol H2 toC d Z/O2 = 0,5
Khi lng bnh brom tng l khi lng hirocacbon khng no b hp th.
Theo L BTKL:
mhn hp u = mY = mhirocacbon khng no + mZ
mhirocacbon khng no = mhn hp u mZ
0, 448
mhirocacbon khng no = 0,06.26 + 0,04.2 0,5.32. = 1,32 (g)
22, 4
P N D
CU 46 (H A 2010): un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 trong mt bnh
kn (xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc
cc phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z
so vi H2 l 10,08. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,328 B. 0,205 C. 0,585 D. 0,620
HNG DN GII
o +Br2
hh X(C2 H 2 ; H 2 )
Ni,t C
Y Z
Theo L BTKL:
mX = mY = mtng + mZ = 0,02*26 + 0,03*2 = 0,58 (g)
280
m : mZ = .10, 08.2 = 0,252 (g)
1000.22,4
m tng = mX mZ = 0,58 0,252 = 0,328(g)
P N A
CU 47 (C 2007): Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt
niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3
thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li kh
Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca V bng:
A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96
HNG DN GII
Tm tt:
C 2 H2 AgNO3/NH3 +16g Br2
Ni
V lit hh Y 12g + kh kh Z
o
tC d
H2 +O2
2,24 lit CO2

Hn hp kh Y gm: C2H2 d, H2 d, C2H4, C2H6 (phn ng khng hon ton )
C2H2 + Ag2O C2Ag2 + H2O (1)
12
n C2 H2d = n = = 0,05(mol)
240
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
16
n C2 H4 = n Br2 = = 0,1(mol)
160
Khi t chy Z (H2 d v C2H6) th ch c C2H6 sinh CO2:
C2H6 2CO2 + 3H2O
0,05 0,1 0,15 (mol)
2H2 + O2 2H2O (2)
4,5
0,1 0,25 0,15 ( n H2 O = = 0,25 )
18
M C2H4 v C2H6 sinh ra theo cc phn ng sau:
C2H2 + H2 C2H4 (3)
0,1 0,1 0,1
C2H2 + 2H2 C2H6 (4)
0,05 0,1 0,05
S mol H2 tham gia p (2),(3),(4): 0,1 + 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,3 (mol)
S mol C2H2 tham gia p (1), (3), (4): 0,05 + 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,2 (mol)
Vhh = 22,4(0,3 + 0,2) = 11,2 (lit)
P N A
CU 48 (C 2010): Cho 3,12 gam ankin X phn ng vi 0,1 mol H2 (xc tc Pd/PbCO3, t0), thu c
hn hp Y ch c hai hirocacbon. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C2H2 B. C5H8 C. C4H6 D. C3H4
HNG DN GII
0
Do xc tc Pd/PbCO3, t nn ankin phn ng ch to anken:
Pd/PbCO3
Cn H 2n-2 + H 2 toC
Cn H 2n
Do hn hp ch c 2 hirocacbon hay ankin cn d s mol ankin > 0,1 (mol):
3,12
Mankin < = 31,2 X l C2H2
0,1
P N A
CU 49 (H A 2011): Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X
cho qua cht xc tc nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 v H2. Sc Y vo
dung dch brom (d) th khi lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc)
c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l :
A. 22,4 lt. B. 44,8 lt. C. 26,88 lt. D. 33,6 lt.
HNG DN GII
C 2 H 4
C H
C2 H 2 : a(mol) xt,toC 2 6 Br2 bnh brom tang 10,8 (g)
hh X hh Y
H 2 : a(mol) C 2 H 2 4,48 (lit) hh (M hh = 16)
H 2
hh Y + VO2 ?
Do n C2 H2 = n H2 = a (mol) Xem hn hp X ch c C2H4 (a mol)
Bo ton khi lng:
mX = mY = m bnh brom tng + m kh thot ra = 10,8 + 0,2.2.8 = 14 (g)
14
nX = a = = 0,5(mol)
28
t chy hn hp Y cng ging nh t chy hn hp X:
o
t C
C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
0,5 1,5
VO2 = 1,5.22, 4 = 33,6 (lit)
P N D
CU 50 (H B 2009): Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm
hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13.
Cng thc cu to ca anken l:
A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3.
C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH2=CH2.
HNG DN GII
Do anken cng HBr to 1 sn phm duy nht Loi B v C v to 2 sn phm
Gi s hhX c 1mol, s mol CnH2n+2 l x mol v H2 l (1-x) mol
Sau phn ng khi lng hn hp khng i: 14nx + 2(1-x).
CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2 .
Trc x 1-x 0 tng: 1 (mol)
Phn ng x x x
Sau 0 1-2x x tng : 1-x (mol)
14nx+2(1-x) = 9,1*2 x = 0,3

(14n+2)x+2(1-x) = 13*2(1-x) n=4

X c cu to i xng (cng HBr to 1 sn phm). Vy CTCT CH3CH=CHCH3 (but-2-en)
P N A
CU 51 (H A 2013): Hn hp X gm H2, C2H4 v C3H6 c t khi so vi H2 l 9,25. Cho 22,4 lt X
(ktc) vo bnh kn c sn mt t bt Ni. un nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh Y c t
khi so vi H2 bng 10. Tng s mol H2 phn ng l
A. 0,070 mol B. 0,015 mol C. 0,075 mol D. 0,050 mol
HNG DN GII
H2
Ni,t o C
22, 4 (lit) hh X C2 H 4 hh Y (d Y = 10)
H2
C H
3 6
(d X = 9,25)
H2
MX nY 9,25.2.1
= nY = = 0,925
MY n X 10.2
S mol kh gim bng s mol H2 phn ng:
n H2 = n X n Y = 1 0,925 = 0, 075 (mol)
P N C
CU 52 (C 2013): Cho 27,2 gam ankin X tc dng vi 15,68 lt kh H2 (ktc) c xc tc thch hp,
thu c hn hp Y (khng cha H2). Bit Y phn ng ti a vi dung dch cha 16 gam Br2. Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C4H6. B. C3H4. C. C2H2. D. C5H8.
HNG DN GII
Cn H 2n-2
27,2 (g) X : Cn H 2n 2 xt, toC + 0,1 (mol) Br2
hh Y Cn H 2n
0,7 (mol)H 2 C H
n 2n+2
Bo ton s lin kt :
2.nX = n H2 + n Br2 = 0, 7 + 0,1 = 0,8 (mol) nX = 0,4 (mol)
27,2
MX = = 68 (C5 H 8 )
0, 4
P N D
HOC c th th p n: Ly 27,2 chia cho KLPT cc p n thy s mol p chn D
PHAN NG CONG H2O, HX, X2
CU 53 (H A 2010): Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l

A. 3-etylpent-3-en. B. 2-etylpent-2-en. C. 3-etylpent-2-en. D. 3-etylpent-1-en.
CU 54 (H B 2012): Hirat ha 2-metylbut-2-en (iu kin nhit , xc tc thch hp) thu c
sn phm chnh l
A. 2-metybutan-2-ol B. 3-metybutan-2-ol
C.3-metylbutan-1-ol D. 2-metylbutan-3-ol
CU 55 (H A 2007): Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2).
C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).
CU 56 (C 2007): Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4

lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn
hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T
trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (th tch dung dch
thay i khng ng k)
A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH
HNG DN GII
t cng thc trung bnh ca 2 ru l: C n H 2n+2 O
nNaOHp = 2(0,1 0,05) = 0,1 (mol)
Do NaOH d nn:
CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
0,05 0,1 (mol)
Cn H 2n+2 O
nCO2 + (n+1)H 2 O
C (14 n + 18)g n (mol)
b: 1,06 g 0,05 (mol)
14n + 18 1, 06
Lp t l: = n = 2,5 C2H5OH v C3H7OH
n 0, 05
P N A
CU 57 (H B 2010): Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca
X so vi hiro bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2
gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn
trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l:
A. 65,2%. B. 16,3%. C. 48,9%. D. 83,7%.
HNG DN GII
Hai sn phm hp nc ca propen l C2H5CH2OH (propan-1-ol) v CH3CHOHCH3(propan-2-ol)
M X = 2.23 = 46 Trong X c CH3OH

3,2
Khi lng cht rn gim chnh l O ca CuO nO = nX = = 0,2 (mol)
16
Gi a l s mol ca 2 ancol C3H8O
32(0,2 a) + 60a = 46.0,2 a = 0,1 n CH3OH = 0,1 mol
48,6
nAg = = 0, 45(mol)
108
Do propan-2-ol b oxi ha to axeton nn khng tham gia phn ng trng gng nn:
CH3OH HCHO 4Ag
0,1 0,1 0,4 mol
C2H5CH2OH C2H5CHO 2Ag
0,025 mol 0,025 (0,45 0,4) mol
0, 025.60
% m C2H5CH2OH = .100 = 16,3%
46.0,2
P N B
CU 58 (H A 2012): Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un
nng. Cho ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu
c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l
A. 60%. B. 80%. C. 92%. D. 70%.
HNG DN GII
Tm tt:
C2 H 2 CH CH x (mol) AgNO /NH CAg CAg x (mol)

H O
2
3
3
44,16 (gam)
CH 3CHO y (mol)
2+ +
0,2 (mol) 2Ag 2y (mol)

Hg , H
x + y = 0,2 x = 0,04 0,16

Lp h phng trnh: H= .100 = 80%
240x + 108.2y = 44,16 y = 0,16 0, 2
P N B
CU 59 (H B 2009): Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1,
thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn
phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l
A. but-1-en B. but-2-en C. propilen D. Xiclopropan
HNG DN GII
But-2-en v xiclopropan cng HBr to 1 sn phm Loi B v D
CnH2n + Br2
CnH2nBr2
2.80
%Br = =0,7408 n = 4 (C4 H 8 ) Loi C
14n+2.80
P N A
CU 60 (H A 2007): Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua
bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v
khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l:
A. C2H2 v C4H6. B. C2H2 v C4H8.
C. C3H4 v C4H8. D. C2H2 v C3H8.
HNG DN GII
4,48
n hhX = = 0,2(mol )
22,4
n Br2 (b) = 1,4*0,5 = 0,7 (mol)
1
n Br2 (p) =
* 0,7 = 0,35 (mol)
2
Gi CTPT trung bnh ca 2 hirocacbon l Cn H 2n+2-2k
Cn H 2n+2-2 k + kBr2
Cn H 2n+2-2k Br2 k
0,2 (mol) 0,2k
Suy ra: 0,2k = 0,35 1 < k = 1,75 < 2 Loi A ( c hai cht u c 2 lin kt )
Gi s ch c C2H2 tc dng vi Br2 nn:
6,7
n Br2 p = * 2 0,35(mol) Loai D
26
Khi lng bnh tng chnh l khi lng ca hn hp X:
6, 7
MX = = 33,5 Loi C ( 2 cht u c KLPT ln hn 33,5)
0,2
P N B
CU 61 (H A 2007): Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm
c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C3H6. B. C3H4. C. C2H4. D. C4H8.
HNG DN GII
CxHy + HCl CxHy+1Cl
35,5
Ta c: %Cl = *100 = 45,223 x = 3; y = 6 C3H6
12x + y +36,5
P N A
PHNG PHAP TRUNG BNH
CU 62 (H B 2011): Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi H2
l 17. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh dung dch
Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,85 B. 3,39 C. 6,6 D. 7,3
HNG DN GII
t cng thc chung ca cc cht l CxH4
12x + 4 =17 . 2 x = 2,5 C2,5H4
C2,5H4 2,5CO2 + 2H2O
0,05 0,125 0,1
Khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 tng bng tng khi lng CO2 v H2O
m tng = 0,125.44 + 0,1.18=7,3 (gam)
P N D
CU 63 (H A 2008): Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t
chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l
HNG DN GII
+ O2
0,1 mol hh X(C3H8, C3H6, C3H4) m CO2 + m H2O = ?
d X/H2 = 21,2
Nhn thy: 3 cht hu c c cng s C nn t cng thc chung ca 3 hirocacbon l C3Hy
M X = 21,2. 2 = 42,4 = 12.3 + y y = 6,4
1
C3Hy
3CO2 + HO
2 2
0,1 0,3 0,1.0,5y
mCO2 + mH2O = 0,3.44 + 0,1.0,5.6,4.18 =18,96 (g)
P N B
CU 64 (H A 2009): Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong
phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t
ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
HNG DN GII
12,4
MX = = 41,3 Loi A v C
0,3
Phng php th p n D: m = 0,2.42 + 0,1.40 = 12,4 (g) ( tha mn bi)
P N D
PHAN NG THE ION KIM LOAI
CU 65 (H B 2013): Cho 3,36 lt kh hirocacbon X (ktc) phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta . Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C4H4. B. C3H4. C. C4H6. D. C2H2.
HNG DN GII
+
c im ca phn ng th ion Ag vo ank-1-in l : nank-1-in = n
36
nX = n = 0,15 (mol) Mkt ta = = 240 (C2Ag2 ) X l C2H2
0,15
P N D
CU 66 (H A 2011): Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C7H8 tc dng vi mt
lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu
to tha mn tnh cht trn ?
A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 2
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: Hp cht C7H8 c bt bo ha bng 4 v c tham gia phn ng vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 X l ankin mch h c ni ba u mch:
C7H8 + nAgNO3 + nNH3
C7H8-nAgn + nNH4NO3
0,15 0,15
45,9
M = = 306 = 107n + 92 n = 2 ( X c 2 ni ba CC u mch)
0,15
P N B
CU 67 (H A 2011): t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H4 v C4H4 (s mol mi cht
bng nhau) thu c 0,09 mol CO2. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt
lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu
to ca C3H4 v C4H4 trong X ln lt l :
A. CHC-CH3, CH2=CH-CCH. B. CHC-CH3, CH2=C=C=CH2.
C. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=C=C=CH2. D. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=CH-CCH
HNG DN GII
t s mol mi cht l x
Bo ton nguyn t cacbon: 9x = 0,09 x = 0,01 (mol)
Ch c ank-1-in tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta.
Trong 3 cht cho, C2H2 chc chn tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta:
AgNO3 /NH3
C2H2 C2Ag2
0,01 0,01(mol) m = 0,01.240 = 2,4 (g) (1)
Gi s C3H4 v C4H4 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta:
AgNO3 /NH3
CHC-CH3 AgCC-CH3
0,01 0,01(mol) m = 0,01.147 = 1,47 (g) (2)
AgNO3 /NH3
CH2=CH-CCH CH2=CH-CCAg
0,01 0,01(mol) m = 0,01.159 = 1,59 (g) (3)
Nhn thy:
Nu (3) xy ra th: m = 2,4 + 1,59 = 3,99 < 4 (g) (2) cng xy ra.
3 cht u tham gia phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3
Hay cng thc cu to ca C3H4 v C4H4 trong X ln lt l : CHC-CH3, CH2=CH-CCH.
P N A
CU 68 (H B 2009): Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung
dch brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp
kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 , thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th
tch ca CH4 c trong X l:
A. 40% B. 20% C. 25% D. 50%
HNG DN GII
S mol hn hp X l 0,6 (mol)
C2H2 + AgNO3 + NH3
C2Ag2 + NH4NO3
36
n C2 H2 = n = = 0,15 (mol)
240
48
n Br2 = = 0,3 (mol)
160
Trong 8,6 gam X c: CH4 l a(mol); C2H4 l b (mol) v C2H2 l c (mol)
Trong 13,44 lit X c CH4 l na(mol); C2H4 l nb (mol) v C2H2 l nc (mol)
16a + 28b + 26c = 8,6
b + 2c = 0,3 a = 0,2

Gii h 4 phng trnh: b = 0,1
nc = 0,15 c = 0,1
na + nb + nc = 0,6
0,2
%CH4 = *100 = 50%
0,4
P N D
HIROCACBON THM
CU 69 (H B 2011): Cho phn ng :

3 C6H5-CH=CH2 + 10 KMnO4 3C6H5-COOK + 3K2CO3 + 10 MnO2 + KOH + 4H2O
Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng trn l:
A. 27 B. 31 C. 24 D. 34
CU 70 (H A 2011)
+ C2 H 4 + Br2 ,as KOH/ C2 H 5OH
Benzen
xt, t o C
X 1:1
Y t oC
Z (trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh)
Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l :
A. benzylbromua v toluen. B. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren.
C. 2-brom-1pheny1benzen v stiren. D. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren.
CU 71 (H B 2010): Cho s phn ng: Stiren
+H 2 O
H + ,t 0
X
+CuO
t0
Y
+Br2
H+
Z
Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, C6H5COCH2Br.
B. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, C6H5CH2COOH.
C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, m-BrC6H4CH2COOH
D. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, m-BrC6H4COCH3.
CC EM HC SINH THN MN!

Trong qu trnh hc, nu cc em c nhng thc mc v cc ni dung Ha hc 10,11,12 & LTH cng
nh cc phng php gii nhanh bi tp trc nghim, cc em hy mnh dn trao i trc tip vi Thy.
Thy s gip cc em hiu r cc vn m cc em cha nm vng, cng nh gip cc em thm yu
thch b mn Ha hc.
Rt mong s quan tm v ng gp kin ca tt c qu Thy (C), hc sinh v nhng ai quan tm
n Ha hc.
ThS. LU HUNH VN LONG (Ging vin Trng H Th Du Mt- Bnh Dng)
ST : 0986.616.225 (ngoi gi hnh chnh)
Email : vanlongtdm@hoahoc.edu.vn HOC vanlongtdm@gmail.com
Website : www.hoahoc.edu.vn HOC www.daihocthudaumot.edu.vn
MT S BI VIT CA THY VN LONG V CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI
TP TRC NGHIM NG TRN TP CH HA HC & NG DNG CA
HI HA HC VIT NAM
1. Vn dng nh lut bo ton in tch gii nhanh mt s bi ton ha hc dng trc nghim
2. Phng php xc nh nhanh sn phm trong cc phn ng ca hp cht photpho
3. Phng php gii nhanh bi ton hn hp kim loi Al/Zn v Na/Ba tc dng vi nc
4. Phng php tnh nhanh hiu sut ca phn ng crackinh
5. Phng php tm nhanh CTPT FexOy
6. Nhiu bi vit CHUYN , CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH v BI GII CHI TIT
tt c cc tuyn sinh H C mn Ha hc cc nm ( 2007-2013),....
c ng ti trn WEBSITE:
www.hoahoc.edu.vn HOC www.daihocthudaumot.edu.vn

(THỦ KHOA) -HÓA HỬU CƠ THEO TỪNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ/chuyên đề 1-hidrocacbon PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

(THỦ KHOA) -HÓA HỬU CƠ THEO TỪNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ/chuyên đề 1-hidrocacbon PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lp BDKT va Luyen thi

LUYEN THI AI HOC 2014

Khong tc gian v muon biet th khong gi m cho

CU 1 (H A 2013): Tn thay th (theo IUPAC) ca (CH3)3C-CH2-CH(CH3)2 l:

PHAN NG THE HALOGEN

E HIRO HOA CRACKINH

CU 14 (H A 2008): Khi crackinh ho ton mt th tch ankan X thu c 3 th tch hn hp Y (

CC EM HC SINH THN MN!

www.hoahoc.edu.vn HOC www.daihocthudaumot.edu.vn

PHAN 2: HIROCACBON KHONG NO

CU 1 (H B 2011): Trong qu gc chn rt giu hm lng:

PHAN NG OXI HOA KHONG HOAN TOAN

CU 30 (H A 2007): Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi

CU 31 (H A 2012): t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng

CH4 CO2 CO CO2 C3H6 3CO2

t cng thc trung bnh ca X: Cn H 6

M X = 24.2 = 48 = 12n + 6 n = 3,5

CU 27 (H B 2008): Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t

Hiu sut tnh theo H2 hoc C2H4.

CU 41 (C 2009) : Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung

p dng quy tc ng cho cho hh X:

Xt 1 mol hn hp X n C2 H4 = n H2 = 0,5 (mol)

2,24 lit CO2

PHAN NG CONG H2O, HX, X2

CU 53 (H A 2010): Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l

CU 56 (C 2007): Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4

M X = 2.23 = 46 Trong X c CH3OH

0,2 (mol) 2Ag 2y (mol)

x + y = 0,2 x = 0,04 0,16

PHNG PHAP TRUNG BNH

PHAN NG THE ION KIM LOAI

CU 69 (H B 2011): Cho phn ng :

CC EM HC SINH THN MN!

www.hoahoc.edu.vn HOC www.daihocthudaumot.edu.vn

You might also like