Ua SER SAND Novation A nk ge nantes, shh no dep wrder, such fab each aneber con be Ake pom fhe prreee nanber qaeedty awe le old he seyret clad o ton. Sysco Eh es ve. () 3,5, 1 H,.---- (OR © 't,4,% e-- The enprasrion speeipe ten fue syne Wy pr Thao For nal eee For aed ew, att Fe an3 us 23 4 ete = The san op te tems ee TE ao oll 2 3oe- Thao Be SeRe Tie ee bah ed ew et path ee eh tee are all cotenpao of serue en theo term The sega ny Sty Sa Tn awk op TA pollenty noe? Brcarees @) ass dae (we od © Uy = Mat and a3 (~) an = aa pea peers one foc acd te Fatal fetrrats eee ta Scola For nee ty = xv eT For aS us casel = de peace fee ned Fee ns Fer on ye GS = IE and uss 20 Fer ne as = See = 20 IFe nel Fer aed fee ned Fee nh iseyserd Deseabe (Ge eo ON cd (pe eared) oe! Oo. @ uy = 3a -S wth 8 ups Bu 5 = SHS = Ps vy Bq 5 = 34-5 2 Zz a By 5 = POS = We hasgy md lage Gil = escilldes 71,0, “1, 0, ---7 eh Segment “ = a (a— 34.) beet bape if oe et $Qa-%) = & 7S For ne + uy = Ua (2- 3a) Fee azd ae 4-34) = £0-4) = B= si oe 5 d= £0-S) = Hs ony Fre ace ous = Uy (2-dee) = 2 (2 - 4) = 0. 3333082 fer az My = Us (to 34s) = asset (t — 3ee335 0. 333333286 The eqns emerges RE ——$———_———_—— eepedo te 2 cele ep ay Teg acl Bab we ae wean peg ee Be ew qasdnbe euahe Sh acl wo LS Gd Tey acl Toy zt Cprom (0) ay = (ater 1 = Gy tar(at-) = mth at =i oat Bab us 4s at -tbo 4 = 0 — ]© ig tay = tela dun) ave t= 3a, = (- 3a)" be Bam 2 1 Bult) = Lede + tee (\-3a = (i= Bu Be) = Le ee tek 1 = Baa = FSR). Dede Teak Also a Tb adele ee + Ong at) Use asl l-3a, = (I- aoe Use net fete a (oc) 13d)” very ® Soe heenUa = @ & Ik ow pecmale ger ey ee Qu ct od X,= Und prove aren tet ge nd te oe hs a pr Xe Be Lr =u! Xa = Man oS! Ge & eee eed Xan 2 24a 7 2 Xin = 2(40-!) (0 Xe = Ua) Xa = 2%, a Pres tan about maTH emarics ItARI THMETic PROGRESSIONS | An arithmetic _preqrension ur AP Lo 8 sequente of numbers eer gee ep oe dee by The sae cemman dierent, eg. () 2,5) % HW, ---- pick tem = 2 cman dyes 23 @) We, Go grik tem = le 2-e, common dnparente Ae. a he germ We car Theryere whe ty a OL jak the sum q the gush Teme op whee ac ek tem oe cee dapper nc narby of tens Lz feck ten Sa = Sum op fhe fisk a tems Exconplen 2 @O Fer the AR #44) tey--- td fhe 20% ten (4) the sume the fick 10 tare + + s @ «= d=S nate aot ee 2 we eld = & + IAS a () «2% deS azlo S. = ea Ge + G94) Su = exe (@ + 4x5) Sic = 265 er@ Fad the mambe g tems in he A-P. %,e, 12, senney LO, atk ase net U< Oe eee ee) o roy = + (DH wee =H bam Si tens @ Re 3° tem op om AP. i 13 and the BP tem bo 33. Find the Sun op the pick 10 tems. ; . es 2d = 1B gy — Rememsen - ae oat Fh = 33 d= — Subsbhte bach shes Teak fie te an AP ad fied the Pea AG 6, tie, - ah tem eat Ged 6 + O-0t 6 + tank dark oe ouOMETRIC PROGRESSIONS e geemetne pragreation or GP a, b, 1%, St, ean exanpl oF where we pent tee in the sequen by mmalbeply ng the prenene tern by © pele ty ey 2b cammon cats le 3 ad the gust tee 2 2. ash 623 hes GP, fellows Te pelte~ F galiess the lak tem tuck The sum gp The gisk on tems oo © Fer the GP 2b yee ed the Peden and the gitk eybh tees. Excapue | the Seno ast red nh tem = ‘ BP tem = Axed = esa fons an the 2In et = ht =o tn ior = (a 12 = (a-) oh he ny commen SOME by prelPiglyiry each tem by 2 ushl oe get 3072 ~ GR oten te 46. Fd a and wart elt Susbsh eee 6,34, Ly , 48, Vb 3rd tee oF term @ Be nantes (+3) , G3) a Gers) are eae cmsecabee tens op GP. Rnd Te vals of t. 6 2M: cre were 2 For He EP 2, by &etrr «= og — — (e-3) _ Grex) (#*3) (e-» a Gee Ge-3) = @e+s)(t+3) w Ustt —30e 44 = ager ree +4 teeta ste ute & -3) =O a t20 w t=3 ——le fel @ Fad the tum rndeperdert op a the emparsim op. (~ ¥) , 2 bn mack have (x*) (3) * The copeutt 2 C1 = IS 2 4! — The fem indeperdest gp xRooTS cF QuADRATIC EguaTticns fs ad p's The quale cution nha Se 6 =O can be lee ae ad x=3. Ce eee a The wets wre 2 od 3 as qeadrabe equi bee roots a ond Bk can be written ae G+) (x - a) = 0 an + ep 28 lea xh eae nm 20 yt Gaep)> + 4P The aqaeten should be reeegrved ond renenbered ao 7 | Pe Geet ee Cyreduct of exh) = O | : Wes the poem A queda epeshem also wonally welt ¢ a bn + © = O Cowide by a) fi eqeshen with TH bee chews Jk gellons that: 0 = 2. (u+p)*— lap @ «eer 2 (an)” @ e+ ee (e+e)? - Zap (are) eee Bees HD iis oe 7 @O@z+2 +e +s = 2 ken) ate ee “ “Pe —equsher Ax ate 3 = Oped Te sam Examples + Q Fer the and peoduck op the ects act bert c=3 Sam of meets = “he t Prodact op rocks = ant-tx +3 Gx -G-9 +0 rocks are % Sun op eb = Prodan of caoks @ Gah dew a qaedahe equhen ahue mb ae 3 od &- Sum of rots = 346 = EB Prodack of cots = Sx = wm a pt — (sum) predact = 0 xt te + EO eo The quedabe qed oe he iy es ce lp 3 and ware a-Da- + 9 p= 0 Cee bepre) pied + @ The rocks op the equation 24 —Se +3 =O ore ad and Bp. Fd the adrable epachon vshese reese qn @ atadat Oa te @) dnt Se + 3 San 2 ate tbe - Sun = bet = He lp the cocks are a™ asd pv then sem = atept = Gee) ten et ane 7 ct Equation co = has nt ee +Ip we sve the qredehic epestion C8 te + 520 then we ge wey the quebec formal pepe ee a ane 2 te z Ue canst be gerd cermally bake ve degre bs ST then Jaw = Jiex-t = Viet = Jie = i x. 2th z -bhxthi i i x el tee —ao Tan is an exenple ay = complow aumber a. The empl number + ti hao real pack & and imagine’ peck +. The sek op Peel re Nee ee cece cee sab op complex nambers since ey real quvber can be writte, 2 at OV. Then the real park og & 4 w ad the b we. Ie esarhi, imagine’y pack op ee (2) ad In (2) wa Be Fi ther Role) =-3 ad InQ) =F. we bth od be Shi thee eq- le @ arb = ete + Soe 34 BL (by) a-b = Br te) = (s-be) 2 Bete SH He zo -b tile —(@ oxb = (3+ Fi) (5 -4e) = 16 —Iti + 3Se = 2ait 1g — ttt + BSL +28 (eo it=-!) = 4B + Ze oo ee Complex Con agate z Ig ez arbi ther the complx comjagate co degined B25-Fi ther Zz S+ti- ao Fz abi. Ree rec Jed The conjugate & used when complex ey ip we divide Seti ther v* multiply tp and areal Lette by The complex conjugett op The bother complew punks Ls &tU > Batt Between [ede th + %t aa I Fe ak 4 qn Oy -2) (4+) 144i -Gi- = 124 3b +8 -% +t = lot ile of i+ = w -¢ Hee i + —— Conjugates car ale be used in gactorvonny quadrahe equations ey. () xteh = ao (acon so) ens zs) = 2GctSi)@-5i) © tax = (+ xi) (i - ni) mmalkiplicd by if conpaagete ig a comple aunbur oo then the reoulk np a real number,Equations Solvirg fol comsal steed & % pelyromsal +t degree 2 - ett Bow pelysoel +f degre 4. x atins anc tba te 62 0 Quadcalic Eas Taso imaginedy rocks Two real cocks Cokie Sguehions 40? tbe roe rd se A cubic will alvays es ab leak me real rec. Fou jmuegiaty » one real rect “Thres real rootsSeed pes Equations ant + bx? +o edn te =O he LL Fuse real roots Four imaginly Four real root! = we imaginary (04 ts oe Furdanertal Theeens Algobra, A pdgamnal equation 0 =O of Sree * 7 aa aint, nm cects (sone nag te reperbel wh). @ | Providing oll the copes are Teal, then complex rests always eeeah in conjugate pares + Exanples © It jety is ene tock op the qacdote eyachon anes =O thes Beene all the cveprcesh ace real, the cher cat as the emyngete te2e. @ Solve the cabie ag action arent =? Lb pd 22 erat po Bambee & nel wo packer Te = . ° ond wel wa cock Very beng divesien eae + t gel Poe + xt pen 2 x pence x Unt + GE yt tux -% m- 2 aa . 3% v ete t = GANG + M42) To seve 0+ Mee ESO we cm wiles vse the quedanke formula oC complate the squet ee ee or xt aft t = ° ee ee ealoney ” Gad -i[rt =? 6+” = cl Ga = i* G+) =e it xe cl t i (aed wie I, -[4i and -\-¢ Te 3 robs are age rots). sheald note the por” +4 cr) @ fh quedo eynetion bao cbs z= 343i and By = F-3i. bahak mee te gaadrahe eqetion F shold renemenber For qualechis gem bac e prdad acs = 0 x Osun of 2 Sam op mts = 343i + 3B-R = Sf = = B4RGH-BK) 2 14 WU —U-1i prelach op casts ar - - Eguchi wu Zz éz +12 = 0 SS ical fe dis sn ee eee Co Ger: thon@ uxt... the qaede (2 ~G+30)(2 _— (3-30) = © (2-3-3) @- 3439) ae ak ale gees 262418 =0 te must be of the form which when melhphed o an bepore - @ Fad the queche epaction hese mocks oe by i a eo <= Gee OL- NEE) =0 GHG mr) = 0 Lei Or-w 4) = tw] =O J 1 Gapented) + 3 2 LL ow a tt + 9 = O Ht +l = > a ot Hd te © Show vsry the gocher theerens that fhe the gives pelyremal Linear onpreasions below are factors of pad detemine the cher focter by inspection. bed ep int tle — 8 x-v, were ae packers op onze WG)? + am Ug obs = he eo Me hi 20, Ip ner le yeuy + eeu) +B G2) - bi = 3h -Ww bi = ov — ? . s < . 2 (©). int + we) See? Ae ahs be = (x-D6urx)& ) F aT As ~ & = Cunt) Gs ti lrc-3)© Ere the polyrumral Gl over € Cover Ry wt rocks 2,3. ©) Ce-dOc-%) yn Bin te + be pee iCte oe) ets bc Coo emjagehe poe) () Ce BGHW) = GTN ate ute an !8 ah pee % rests) i ake) ere Magee ede oles selation op 2h- Se? lee the other thran sclahins. a rob Cao -i72 + 3 = 0, debermine te e=%4+3 ise es ll coagutiat are real’) : (z- 2- 3V@-2 434) = Ba 4et8 Sees ws (Ce —(Ur3)E-@3i) BE Sum Gp rocts o LeBi + 2-8 HE Parbach op recy = C4 $i)(-3Y) 2 Bree IE = he ee + 13 raze We now do long divs sim zee + ee A a 13 at qed + 132" -z> + Set — Ite ee oe at -¥t +413 et -4e +33 é . ye 3 , “The ment - argemesh could have bees geen in radsens 5 S3xTl 2 0.427 v2 (Sj ont] = Seeslow) +i Ssir6.n9 - = Seis (0.424) —_ B= Ro-y = 12.6O 09 eon... [is,-Heg] = tBeos(ure) + 13sia(ena-6) & = [eos (-1e-8) + isin Lue-6)] = 13 aslur-é) ® Graph these ourbys ad woke then 1a reckargaler tae ® Br) s Leisles) () Bo, -nt] g 20 cis(-128) &) Seis (+E) z 5, 3z) @ acs) gs By " 2[eosts + isis] desks + Tein td * fet ate baie ob Ji + fui Ge | — 'b| w Lt 20 eist-128) = 20 feos(-as) tise} = Dow) + Qosial-ie8) & = -izedi — 16 thi () 2 $asC3E) = J SEC) et ¥)] FE we 2) + Ssn( BE) i = it a te @ Bus(r) = 3fesm +f sar) = Best + 35a i = mht oe + 6. Ccbvices fom dong) ners (es)Multis tion and Divvcion ep Compline Nabors in falar Fore ad Z,=h¢is@) a cis (@,) thea Gf, as (2, + @2) Le cis(e,- 6) NoTE : lh we pe Thak the argumet or is ack in the mye me : “i202 6 180° am thes we ald o & ‘then = [rr, 2,+6.] able 360% wakb ibis in = 6 = this range - = [H>4% 6} s Tang Examples @ 2eis(30) x Bes(ec) = x} cis (30+ be) = 6 cise) ® & crs (120) 2 cis (30) = 6 feosto + ise] = bees90 + bsn90t = OF bi —. & eis (i210 -30) L 2 ais G40) Lees + este] W W = Lees & Usd = OF 2% —@ 2 arelise) x e1s(ieo) = Less Fie = 2 ers (250) = 06h 2ul e15(150 + lee) Jt in the range ~Ite © $180 This 18 9° ~ gublract 360° = les (-11e) 2 [eos (-u) + isan] ) # ten) Wt BITE plex numbos te integen Ths 8 wsually cred fe raise oom pores ey (3400 = cosh + isin) (cos€ + ise)” = (e1s6)” eae 2 cs Exanples @ Simehty Bests] 2 fests)’ = = cise) [rese]” = rGs8)" © ers(n@) 6 fens Vers (549) ahr 360° 25 ers (225) es Pas) 2° [costus) + isaens)] B2ces(-135) + B2sinC138) € mr1G3 = 22-b3E i Cwad form) ~ 1S = 1) @ Use De Moivres theeren te expand (sey r= ister ret — toy ye Re BS mUEe HH (pave the exack value in yoo calenlabee ). ite 2 ov (B ’ - ure] . [3 as(1-4)] 13° cis (ex -na-6) Oabrde range igs 6S 190" = 13 cis (494 Ags 360° = 13" cis (-%-#) 13 [eos(-10-4) + ae) | igteneao-¥) © Iptees Cte) + —- 23% = 24560 b i 1 @ Vie Yo Mewres Theren 7 ceakuahe the gallery (orm (ee mee ae @ Tpit a ex use eats w o [%, 4s] uy - fists] (Gy cas Ge) aahade range abt aio, < (ay cis (i080) (A) ese) = (a) [eesto) + i sno) } "@® cot... = (a) eld) + snl) i 4oag + 08 4096 — ” [(e, vs] uy = fi ast] (ay eis ext) outside tang® (* cas (-io) Add a (4i)** avs (0) i (a)* [eesto) te sn(0)] you — Cas put @))We can use De Morwres thewen te sive eqartions oy The form whee 2 ad aw are complex manbos aad 9 io n0y fakeser, or of the poem cocamples cp this weal be Same z*s 2 zo = 3446 zo = Leis(Z) gts -i ko. RememecR > Wher selving egactions of this porm we Alants © Wake a in pela form om reis(€) @ wnke «mee gene | gorm ee ras(e + 30k) ® Aroly de Merwrer fhewen h geb 6 % is (2n3een) @ subshkte in velnesy Kot gue ‘he reals Cin the raage “ls < 180) spe wold ase duns and petit in the perm a L ps cis (220) & op The form +B reks© Solve 2 = 443i 4+ Exwoples eee Expressing Gabe gek c eS ad = 364° 6. 36-4] = Seis (36-4) General form io Sei (360K + 36-4) eo Ges (260k +369) 2 % 2g = [sas(shor +36-)) 7: s* ers (ELH) Ae 5% cis (or + 7-2) ze 2 5% cs(4-2) zs 5% [cosQ-2) + Esinlr-2)] z = pyre --e25ab ————_F kel gver 2 = 5% cis (44-2) 2 = 5% [eslnd + isla) B= 200289 + ERLE Rscl gveo 2 = 5% ers (8-2) s¥ [cos (-t0-2) et saCe-t)) HEC E = 04239 & ee S*eis =A e= 5 *[essésse-t) + isn Cet) = = Bais (ser +12) z= [a eve(vor-+)) * 2 gees obs ry) ee 93 eis (ten +60) z= 2 cis(ok +6) tram are 3 sects Bey pCO) Zz 1 [esto + iser6e) ee 14+ Ri fez! @ = Zeis(ite) zz 2 Lessite + tool s] Biz 2+ 01 B = Leis (6) @ = Leese) + tsa) es 1-Gi Ib sheald be noted where these 3 rects are on the ad diagram “y m taiThere are we. 38 = 3 120° apact grom the next cok, Thas ik ee te wh ont the gist roof w. 3 ects equally spread om the argund diagram might 2 cise) be geek ard then add 120° er sublmck 120° md dra them ow a Magen oe shown - we cr use tha methed te solve the next ecample . ® Solve ate ee Mie = [ts 2) a ets (Ie, 4) z= Ibas(t) ke z= [is cis Gao) * z= bus (exe) z=2 cs(aus) Wee gicsk cock Fish Trek ca is the gunk rok, thee & ects se add Bie 2 qe are fe thie or sublonk at te pond the der nets a A we US HWS ut-s Bois w-$ -40 = Hb tS Cn cha S40 = -1SFHS at Rooks are 2 exs(21-5) 2 eis Cues) Les Cer-5) 2 evs (159-9) chick can be charged ig repret ite conplew nanber or reckayular form «) Slve 2° I a: Gel Fay | ers (o) fast]! 2: ae Ib as($*9) . 28 I es) ee aah rok Se = = fest) = Lee — oe ers Gite) = esto + boinl2? Be 2 +8 tet leis(eie) = ces(-re) + i sin-2e) eae art —Gontined) oo, © = Ox - @ Jr (ex +2) = x% (G4) i KR = bx + 2x Remem Bet THAT a bat" —— @ +2)" («+ £)(x+¥)A stat ce yen® in shun Fejetlar with the faagesh a POLI) and a chord POL Fd the gradieak op fhe chord PQs fa Golleniny eareo i G1 OG) 6) eur, HH) @ ela, ver). eo Oe a geadents 2 Late TL geedeenh op te tayo ab pf (a) ets) + abet = 2 2 3 3 3 i a rin () aie, e4¥) Aen gmbh = SEE = Be Piny © gtiet, rere) o-e2e1 grdek = greet = Del evel Gy The gecko dey 2 deh waded Go 2. Godert op teyet ab Pom 2.rt) = 46) L a hb 8 Gn) - £o) gabet * ae £o £ ———— Bub ip we Ie oh smaller GE KIO fer we cor ged Later abncte gor the gret ee Bh hayek. (-cann) Conder The pellasny oreanp lio@ Digeetsh ys gee fh prvesplen eGo) = xt 2 flr) = Gerh) — pod - 2G) gO) = So . elm GE at fer o sod ahah eth ot hoe h Ae aah + ht yo \ ee ies Qn th bo = Cates Wo Ready ) Ax er praeples « @ Dperteh ys bog eh #G) = oa fo) = Ray Gur) - £00 gio) = Im ns ae ole Gay 2 Bre h : en x= Cett) 40 xGcrh) b = ln i fo xlared) a alee ——— = hao Git) b . =i ve Guth) Cher b tends tb ren) ——$— —