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  • 精馏模拟 宋海华 2005

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    精馏模拟

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    9 views316 pages

    精馏模拟 宋海华 2005

    Uploaded by

    Greyson Song
    精馏模拟

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 316
    Wats oT) EL a BU Distillation Simulation REY RE Bia tiee BRERA CIP RUE HARD RE. FOR AE 2005.5 ISBN 7-5618-2130-1 Lift... TR... TR - 8G V.19420.6 WAR HA CIP BSB CS" (2005) 58 042353 a RE SESS SRR BHR E> a Fe Wat BAR PATH LA 92 SEAS (HB 300072) www. tjup. com BUG AB ,022-27403647 HBA 022-27402742 ARAMACEDMARREA A SS EE 185mm x 230mm 20 452 F 2005 4F 5 A 1 ii 2005 4 5 AF 1K 1-3 000 33.00 76 Ri ABBR BARBRERBEEE ed SRMBAE ARAMALE NE MPLELUN EERE ERAGE PARAS LSA, MALLS R EEA AS BRE AFT fe FF Ae BY 2 at, AR SA BAREENEX. RWPEREERE SRA BB MRD) EARL OE HH CARAT TIE. RAARARMA T SSE RLER IM BEOKDI VAR ERH HGRA ARBRE RE HA BURAK SRST PWRARN, ARAARAPELD BHR HR. HRA RAPERAM BAER HHSARERR HBT VAR Het AT RG LP BY EL UH ARS RRMLRER RARE TUBA TRL ER HASLER RASA REA CRRA SHA ik RH A ROH HAEARS WRAY EERO A PERRMD EAEA AU WER SS ERM THAR RAR AR. DRT A QE ABAD REA SS ME. eS) <= + BR R Si FORD HH ATMA 2.1 SEF ON — TCHR —MeCabe-Thicle FUR A 2.2 FW OR AUS EH TCHR It —Ponchon-Savarit i EIT 838 SAT 31 = 3.2 3.3 BUMEA MES HR 3.4 EARN TSS OE $4E SATOH 4.1 RLM SATOMI ~ 4.2 PR STOR eR 4.3 PERG SUR BDL BED BA AS 4.4 BRAT 4.5 RARRAMANS TORT RK 4.6 FARYBEIE (SC) 4.7 ERA DK 4.8 STOR ANH TSE DSA Fk 4.9 STURT 4.10 FRESH BR HY BER 4.1L GF aR ALAR A ST Bo KOBE 5.1 FRR 2 5.2 5.3 Hoe RAL MARPADRADS RAT 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 87H EP RMRH- 1d 1.2 H8e 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 87 8.8 8.9 8.10 98 91 9.2 93 10k AER 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Sue RR Se DORA Ht i FORE - ESSE GRA WED RR - PR LRA SR — HRT TERT HO SHE ROR A METSH 7 #44 Krishnamurthy- Taylor ${29—MERSH 77 #244 FRE GARB RAR HABE Ect ARSE Ly Fae RT HR — ms AEA ECE RYE RR SERRA EE BRERA - RRL RE I ET MEA WES PREAH SES BNE SCERURIR OR TATE YEAR AR — AICHE BA BROS AT RAE AE ERAS A TO AR EEO Soa JRA RMB 12.3 SPRL IN Fe cA ah aS L 12.4 HIE ESS (277) $3E SAATRANEOMOMET RAS (281) 13.1 GATT LANE (281) 13.2 BAAR (281) 13.3 BRR (282) 13.4 SAR NE + (283) 13.5 BUh-BeiE MAK + (284) F4H GAMA MTH - + (287) 14.1 BBB (287) 14.2 ATER — AC RE + (288) 14.3 MEARNS TARE ~ (291) FR CRHAAAPRSLAORNH - 15.1 Seine Shee « 15.2 FeRAM 1 15.3. aE psbA PH TT) ~~ 15.4 SET Re nA (OS TD) 15.5 HEIRS aA HEA BEL ) 15.6 PMP AE ET aS EY RD V ) - 15.7 [SPR A (VL 15.8 ART LR MASE 15.9 BARS BUDTH TE veer Bia ADORED WE CP RRB) 2 Me Sie WAM HELE VADER LS ALE. EE Re SLATE STL. AMD, JP HER AIR 1G 2F BL A DR th, MS aR HAP ARR SS. ESM LMR SHEMALE cH 40% ~ 70% META LE RED RES BS LE, PKS BOE ES SAG PT. BAANSRI REE. SP RGR TE ESCA EB SS a CT A BPRS EF ALY, PANN 1989 4 SEBS RIAIAE REIS PEW 80 quads &—J(1 quad = 10" Bru; 1 Btu = 1.055 K)) BPE REREAD Ae Ode 1-1 BTR F-11989 4 SAE MA FE ( HA: quads) [fee Ta 2.003 aeiRLE 2.4 MSTA RAT A 8.896 | Tab nid 29.138 | Bit Lab 2.903 SEAR 3.406 FES AIH BI2 4 BIRR FE 80.135 4 LALNLFR 90.97 he 1-1 HY, SEP 24 47a A PP i A TH MLA 41.2% EPR TALAY 8.2400 STEEL EAE REAN 2.99% RL AR SBT PEA A BASE A EE ELA AY SUPA RS, i EA AT EH A EA SE RALE EAE BE rT TULA? = He, «MME ALA Henry 2248, 7, = 1.0 fle nfo =x, (1-10) © ERE 2), LAT BERR, @, = 7.x; flayed? = Yet (i+) SRP pS —AHBE TPM) i AHORA UE; 1, REAPS i ATE BE RC HABE 7 FA 1 ERE) Henry BHC 4 EGS RAF RRA EORR HSM Po APP OM BCADEATEL) = Ki =2 i= 1250 (1-12) HATER angele ij=l2serye (1-13) 6 Hh Me Rh 1.2.2 ARF RUSE SUS BOT ( VLE) 9 ARES, ED AAP BIR A HY OAR A EP ‘SEACH (RE FN LSS SH AE Ra AP OSS RSH eT TH LE HF BAERS. 1.2.2.1 =MtRo URE 1 768 51 2 BAR ( — PROF a BF BRS ME BEAD ) 8 EF AF (RR 1-3). Ri-3 —ATRAMHATHAR we | ACRE K TRAM ARH IRRED Ue ol | —RPaneC)2-FaM2) XWAPRO) aR) Rt) aA wR TA SPATTER A ren fea a SFr mite ori fad | pos | | sR tty 1| toys tm ay { 4 "gg r= yoo Eu Ae PLE Reon 7 1.2.2.2 ARS ALE AAR, Wa t= SCHR BL. 1.2.2.3 $M A(c>3)Ro SATAY EEE HSE WER ER 1.2.2.4 AUaAR MALE HH RAR PRGA IAF BEE A BT JE AE BLE ICHAT CA( Chemical Abstracts). 2] #203 VLE SEI 2 SCAR (1) Wichterle 1, Linck J, Hala E. (eds.). Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Bibliography. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1973. Suppl. 1, 1976; Suppl. 2, 19795 Suppl. 3, 1982; Suppl. 4, 1985. (2)7F 6B, AUB ERIE FHC L BME MY — 7 AR ALFATA 7 195. (3)Gmehling J, Onken U, et al. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection. Dechema: Frank- furt, 1977. vol. 1, 1a, 2abed, 3, 4, 5, 6abc, 7, 8. (4)Knapp H, Doring R, Oellich L, Plockner U, Prausnitz J M. Vepor-Liguid Equilibrium for Mixtures of Low-Boiling Substances. Chemistry Data Serve. vol.6, Dechema: Frankfurt, 1982. (5)4e# LEAR, HM Journal of Chemical Engineering Data A Fluid Phase Equilibrium 4 41 RWKET REAM. 1.2.3 SURE AS a BMRBATA FRA DIU SEALE BC, RG A ON ER RET x. 1.2.3.1 BMA meme HEF ALA yA AT LAA I, AZ PSE, FE 1 4 Bim. Ri AFORE Hem fh = «pS HERA ft = rf? UE f= yo ARE Jt = 900 AR AM DAG AK, (HDAPREA BRAT GH. (2)2¢S EA, RHE & i BEB — EP HT Hk 8 _ He 1.2.3.2 AMRAD BAM ETE FEET REN BM pVT KRWRSH BAN TF AE AA 0 UAT AL A PZ RA LHRREDAABR RR wn cat ere =| [(5n), cle (44) Af ((2),,. Flere (1-15) HERR pVT KARAT RECA LX, EAT OR AY CIRO oo i SL HE AY A RUBE RM 8," ,9,'0 2. RAMREABK FORT MALE pT RAAT ELVES, SPAS FF AS FRR GFA, HIRT MAAK RAL E 3 +. 1)SRK 4 4% 42 (Soave-Redlich-Kwong) RT a . at OE) om) Hh2 18H: a.b, 2)PR A ASH 42 (Peng- Robinson) (ae ro) HR 2TH abo 3)SHBWR 345% 42 (Starling-Han-Bennedict-Webb-Rubin) p= okt +( BRT - Ay 2B) + (oer a-4)p? sa as t}pt 4S o'(1+ 2pm (~ 29°) (1-18) AAA 11 PBs Ay By Co Do Ep vayb send. Yoae SREP sp ALES AT AD BE , mol m 3. HARSHA ESHA Dy PR ARASH EL BIB. PR ES SRK PRGA FE EAD RAD, PRE AYRE RIE SRK WP BSP AA HL OTIC PR SRGHATIB IE. LRM PR RETA PRRAAEH rik a(T) V-b~ WV+5)+b(V-5) HAE Reso 9 AaB ets Sil PR ARAB AT US 2 ~(1-B)Z?+(A-3B" -2B)Z ~ (AB - B’ - B’) =0 (19) RERAF ZWEUHER, A 3 TSR: Z, > Z, > Zs0 PUA 2" = 2, aR ER Fo TM FRA Z' = Z, RAR NERAF HA BOM a,b RT, p RAMA, BRB—-LEKHE, RY ZR 2", HAL SUPRA DP ATR, LOE FIRE 0, b FSR. (BDRM TEKH a? + be? tor + d=0 (a40) nny REV BRED y + py +20 HRB) ACL RASA MR: viniat.a=(4) +(2)° (1)A> 07% 1 SEHR NIEHESEAL: (2)4=0 4 3 PH: 4 p=q=0K, =HPR, (4) = -(4) sont, racinea 2H (3)0<0 i 3 FARES 5 ne) $a $ _—_— ~-— mee es VA 2 -4 -4_ $itoy -4-V + 1B. po 1B, | sep ood Biets 1 Bi i2 VT Hp <0 =A BBRER y= 20 T0088 yi22Trew (82s) y= 2 reos (6+) seh roy -(5) = Same (-2) 10 i Mikehid SRUVE y, RA x,(i = 1,2,3) - be b b BEY Boot I~ Fgh = Ms Fy 2)8s8F 1 HSB G,bA, BARS TY i BR a, b PAB AUG FEE A a= a= aut, (1—20) Re ag = ay(Tq) 0.457 4 Te ete (1-21) cit aMetemt- 7,05) Ke Ty, =a ym; = 0.374 64 + 1.542 26c; - 0.269 9a} (1-22) b=b, =0.077 890% SEs SBA) (1-23) a A=A,= sorte =p (1-24) B= B,=0.077 8054 (1-25) A ALBEE TEEN p RUG MERA TOO RA RT 2A ZOSTER SAE "(Vd Z+2.414B nse, arp) ep o don (ZB) ~ saat lZ: sae) (29) 3) ROA FR 0b, A, B FOALS i BORA A ft (DRAREA INES A a= SDs b= Soh (1-27) i fet a a, =(a,0,)4(1— kj) (hy ATER AS HO PRUE A ALB, RA—JE=K PR AER 2". RUAN PALSY § ABE whch y-nato) sh '2™ aa Fata (1-28) (2H S NEA A a=) Saga, b= Diab, (9) FE RoR ul RH A MB RA—EK PR HBR Z', SUBAREA Mah} i AGRE fi bony yp ee A 23) sa) Z'+2.414B nt gieD) natn a = (22848) aay A) ARR A ARADO Hh FBS 784g aT R226 242.1418 Z-0.414B (a-31) a 1.2.3.3 AR BARA RIM VLE(Gammalphi 3%; ¥—# 7) PEA AEE NTE DF AS BIE Ao RS FGA A AE ETA TT Kate “gp FRB BABE 9,7, ./0 ARE PR AEE Bs LAARAW PAD ( HERER MTR — (BALA Visial RATA BETH H. 1)Virial RS HAL (1-32) Bic D... B _+ yiptpt alt (1-33) =v. a= Pele x 22 EL s1+ Bps Cys Dip tml + Bp (on) 7 Bae » 2B a+ RE (BWI Viral RHO (1-35) c AIAN MOAB. Viral RIAL A SUL B= x 2 yayBy (1-36) i ie 12 a Me HE be 2) RMD i HHH Virial AH BMH LAF SAMBS FAK ii) EP tel 1h th 0.330 0.138 5_ 0.0121 f? 20.144 5- a a 0.46 0.50 0.097 0.0073 qT 20,073 - 2:86 9:50 0.097 f" =0.073 7p (1-37) (1-38) (139) RFID i, wy = (HF); SABES i oy ELSE i AN SENT LB (ho- momorph) fly BF. SAA} é ANAM DBD SE FAK STE AR SBSH aD i AR BH YEAS, A PUBS FER ME Ha ST s ZY SN as ACB SP & Sy BAR FEM Virial FLA. Se = ~ 5.237 224+ 5.665 80ln peg ~ 2.133 816(In pop)? +0.252 537(In pey)® = 715.108 716.184 2Tln py ~ 2.283 27(In p2p)? ~ 0.264 907 (In pig)? ] (1-40) Soy 09 «AACE y= OPE, A I, TL PAE 1 OBR, TR AEA AE TL A RPM PA Jf, = ~ exp [6.6(0.7- Tr) } 3)RSH Pom AM i- [| HRAP= Virial AH BAH Fi + anh + fat We HRIARLS MMS AI Tyee T= (Tay)? ary Pais +l) (rd eve) Pog = 1 y= yom tq) W=ZDtD 10 pee bap ‘a DARE PED 1 RR RATE wh -mseanlllen),. ol (1-41) (142) (1-43) (1-44) (1-45) (1-46) BLE Reson B # Ingi= hls ,- B) = Fay By-InZ i=1,240 (1-47) ye rreretres (H- HP)’ _ p(B _ 4B op RlT oan) (48) dB_y dB, ae at S81 aT 2. MHRA PAD cases? ite 1) LRH i(T 7.) UA Henry 23K HERE AEE. fo=Hs (152) SAH Hy ARE RIALS, 7 > 1, YAEREE fA EBSD, P< 7.) HY Henry RR 3. WRAPS i RRM y, OT IEAM AS ERARLM ARK ESA PRT, AD a a AL, AG#= RESS nln 5, (1-53) ee SER OTE ETE SH pe mH EM, AG= ary) nin 3+ RTS) nln 7; (1—s4) 4 ah Ms SARE A mR GF =AG-AG#= RPS nln n (1-55) EF | mol REAR “ ee Eo ery) % (1-36) REAVER g ORBEA FARA ERB AER 2) hg? BA BRA Fh hs RAB VATA GEA BAM LA BI 15 AR ERS, RH MHRA ARH LK. 2) ORF RBARAY gf RAM TER AMY, TERA Ris PHAASRAHSRRS rma BH EBERT h =| GF = Ain 4 ea | Mangules| =F | gh =m (A+ B(x - | AB +3B)x)7 ~4Br" -3B) x17 ~ 4B)? +38 4+5C)x:)-4(B +40) + 2G" =3B+SC)ay? -A(B-AC)ay + 1G em | aa n)) Wave |g = axglA+ Berm) | A,B,C ew | +Cly-n!l Van la |p Ati | AB -4tL, Rtn 7)=-—2 en cgay es) + LP RAARES. 8 (AD RPA RRR RRA LUE OFF? ay Har SE RE, NOIR IT tae, ESI EAT LALA SDE x ARIE 3 fw, = 2, = 0.5, SAREE ATLA BSE y= O wR n FHM PIMA, EE 1—1 He RIT) BRAT AA REO 1 ESL SHBC 8 ShLdNF RAAT 2 PER 4 at SEDATE om) _ Seu dh RAT 1 HE as) am ty thu?! RAE Reson RM ELSA F 2 ART FAM yA, SP Ut ta=! HALT F EMBASE 12 ASE FRA LIED IA Uy = My = y= Ay 295 SA ERADODT BEADS, 25 1 A 2 PERL AIA AT GAN, 405 Wy #%qH05 (2) ARRSD-F SECS RAR YSU HEH : Wilson 3] A RERBM a, dem i—j SPF HALA SCHERRER FFA EM 7 5 x RHER. sp da = aa (3) RABUN € ALF BBFC y LE UBB € e,< cai LAF i RW i AR * SELF RDA TT PER Dau a aVtexp (—Ay/RT)_ Shemp (2/20) A MFIUEA, ERA f= © Wilson (1964). (HEBER BAH H: (1-9) (1-60) (I-61) (1—62a) (1—62b) (1-63) 16 ae hin Ea : Bo y= Toe ( 2) 4, —$ win Ri ILL VLE SERIES BURA A, = 2, MBE Ay Ayo RAK nyet-In(3)4y5) - 3) Aus (64) Wilson Jy #238 FAYE EER)” ASF 7012, BFA WEB BRA BOK Be POR APY HORA WAR ARDENT HT LERR. (2) BANE OS SE RRA DHEA He x aH! + HE (1-65) SR ABBE 7 ED) P I OHH, Kem; HOWE 7, FEAL P FRE i AAR, kd/kmol HABA BOLLS, kiko, aR Pee rey (1-66) ee peg “hy ay) WF Wim WBA w= 2,5) | a) fa Yada a © 3¢-F NRTL(Non-Random Two-Liquids , 3E BA SL BSB 4H ) 5 (1968) (1) EER RAIHEM : Renon WIE TR DSE F SPH BTA EF — TOM A rep {- onéa) x new ( - onge) 1 sep ( —2282) x ew (2282) (-@) FAH gins Bus Ba PEM 1 ~ 2.1 ~ 12~2 ZI ERE, ALT Wilson 75 EP ANGER BM Ay, en = 8x5 ay yy PUY 12 FLEA AIRS) FES HK AANA ee Ga Boyne (1-69) TS) Cut Shot = GE MAL gy = wy ABLE oy BE Fitton 7 SG, SaryCy Br Fo +) | - (1—70) Sem 7 SG D Gyn a a a NRTL AAUP A SHE g, — 65), (ge ~ Be) say = og ALARCON VLE CHR 5 RGR FAM NRTL BERMELAT Die FB VLE SR BT BLE UE. (2) BABEL EoD ET NRT BES ROAD AR RAH IE) : [dle (gy 868 | (35 Gx) [ Yaga eal = DG (Sea) © UNIQUAC ven QUAsi-Chemical i FMEA #528 (1975) . UNIQUAC BEEBE 1 HUAN gH PRB EA B= ect ee (1-72) (1) g& it AANA BBD ( Combinatorial Part) : EH FH 40 P45 285 5d FEAR ENE BR favs nes SS) ging (a—73) SP: 2, PA i sss 2 FUSE (—-fBUL = = 10) 0,—485> 1 PSBUNK, @, = 2 2% SEL 9, Sh: RMS, MLPA asi (71) or SEY i ORB, I PR; 6,5 PHzl. (2) g% tH A BAAR ANGE (Residual Part) : FIR A) 253 5} FEL RRC MANZE POTS SAA A RA ge - Saxiln ( a) (174) Bey exp ( = 2M) HOP uy = uy) RIOR ERE BMT BA uy = uy AR A Ty0 18 ah Me HR (3) PSTD & OTE Ch BS In y=In 76 + ln 7? (175) ® < SSERRH In Hen a Sang +h -2 Dah (116) baFly-g)-(y-D ape tea [t-in(S04e,) -) am ma OS aty (4) BIE SAH: eh UNIQUAC URLS AUPE A BUI AH Yaesu ~ us) He Sq, (+78) st Ybite a EFA LILY 3 NBER HCE — Wilson NRTL Ail UNIQUAC BEAU SEFTE WF (1) RW SAFER VLE BALSA ATH A OR AT (2) XH TEE RL — A 7 RRS Xt (3) Bb 4 — ie AYRE PCH A BE DEAT INES 4) RF He BA Hs 1 AL A MED —UNIPAC #84 (1975) (UNIversal quasi-chemi- cal Function group Activity Coefficient, UNIFAC ~ #78 At fe SAR ) OB 15 RAYS HE CLAUD, UNIFAC BERLE F Fr Re ADELA BESS, BUA ES UIA Rah A TENG PF ADL, IE Ha LN I FH ALA UNIFAC BORSTAL, A EE FAM BUS EH TB HL RAKE THAAD GOP RT LIT ALARM VLE MG Be AG ZT oA FARE ES ROME + AP BEK, ARIAL F ARE RBI FEM AEARAA EL. HR, HLS ALAA MDT TAN DET ARBOR WHEC ‘uit EACH ERA, PAL. UNIFAC SOMME DT AERA Hy TAD FO SA A, HA LARS A MRA YB MEAN Z UIE “EAE FPL LHC BEE LER LOY RE A AAT ETL a TL ORR. TRIER AR ff EF AA AY SRN ATA WV RMRASKL A MITER. HX Been 19 UNIFAC iJ ARC UNIFAC SURE ARQIE PEASY i AUT EAR SE ch aR In y,=In yf +n 7 (1-19) (CL) ALTG § LTE Inf COALS UNIQUAC HAE, BO In yf=ln ne Sadng +h 25% 5h (1-80) ARIUPAT MBSE, ARHRSR , RAW RAT OF AE fi. ne s aR, (1-81) = Se. (1-82) SRR mS i ASDF BE a A A PK R.— BEA k WERSR AE Pe Q.— BEM k MRERSM, FPS. (2) REA TE 1 AAT In yl ch PT In yi > ni(in Py ~ In P) (1-83) a SUPP, — HAA bk AR ERK DBE & EAA i PRATER tin ( S04yh) - 3) A InTy=Q 41 (1-84) ° e dyOaty skh 6 —— A j ABH ESN = Sa (1-85) >» 0% JOH 0. BAR j WAMS NT avis FES, XRG 7 PERC PE ESD EIN (1-86) SOP PL AAS s eR EAH nj i YF 20 ai is SAR HKG y,— HAE j Sk ZAM OHSK. pRB dy = exp ( -%) (1-87) U4 a, yA j ~ hk ZNSE ERE, ATP Pa, FA ay = "BE FUL a aye (1-88) Shot Peek PPE j TBD ESO a2 Oe 2) OX Sieh XO cP ESE j A REL, Nea (1-90) (1-89) UNIFAC BE HAY EBS UTE — OHS BAU BRE Sn 46 APE, 89 NH: AAA HAE A AEAY Q, AR, SHA AAWAR SAL MAR AMRE EERE 0, HCE SOc RY EAE S BE IL SCAR: RC Reid, J M Prausnitz & BE Poling, “The Properties of Gases and Liquids” ,4th ed. ,MeGraw-Hill Book Company New York, 1987. UNIFAC BEAU A ARLES w= - eS) S) anil 7(2 or), (2) | (91) 1.2.4 QAR ARR RAL EHP FH A EH HT BRAT. BLE Besoin 21 124.1 Bak La SBA C1) HLA ESE AIH pF PRES ERIE PD AUR xy rp ots x) PER ‘BANAL HITE: RT MBCA GFR SHEN Ay A IE PA A WE 7, MPAA SHOAL IE lFAE UR yoy A yaks i21,2,-5¢ (2) 5B ENE p FORA ALB 9, 592507.) ME ABU EIR UTE ART REEF EAR SEO, SA HR HT BFP RAISE 7 ROT BLS HUAN Ao EPP Oy A xay/K, i= 12.56 2A SRA SAD 1) AAD HT AE BAOAND SHAE SBR HAE DRT, BEB a HT BPRS DVM, VR R LE LES > PRR LK, AAT EET Ba ETT HFM AHS SS A, EP ET, PTR ry, Gibbs HI Pec-P+2 step, F— AA BE, BPS A ER RZ TL TR AAs P— Hit) WFAA E MIL, P= 2,5, P= c-242= 0c, AIA RIED co 2) 5 AH PA RA ATF GILLS ERLE N= cP +2=2c +2, RURSEAIIABE 7H p, SAMA MIAR 4, .7,(= 1.2.50) 0 AZ PERRO: B= N- P= 42,80 KK (Typitis tei div oe) Ym -1.0=0 at x y,-1.0=0 IEC HF DCRR LH EE) SL, PAH ACHES BR ATS PLS 4 1 a. (OY 7 REED p AMER ate (x ed ») RE MABE 7 BUY IABE 7, RPE REEL 7 yao 965 2 ah Ms OER TUR COMRIREEN p MACHR, y,.9200 yeast hy RRO {AOE TCODREARAEE 7,) RF AAU 2.205035 " (GDA ~ p PURE, CU RURMIRE 7 URRHRMLRL, x, 22sec (ace Se RE FE p(BDAEN pa) FF MYURELA, 9,920 0ye3 . (ORR —p BL RBM 7 AUACHREDR, », 920 syle = 1 = Sh ARE HEI) pCHDBEAUED pp APPAREL 2, 01.00 . AERTS AE ROE p, PDR EH BMA — TARA ~ 7 &. 3. MAA ESAS SEFC: CORAL OA 2 ORT EAA OL Be yasgev ayes TEI RAVES BE y= Kx, i=1,2,,€ y yi-1=0 HERG ERAAA Sikx-120 cy RUM) RAMA SEAT LBh , IATIE PORAR,y y2 ootts Ye ER TP OA BL BB ey pao me I IRA A a=y/K, tele Yix-1=0 HL ERMA xi -1=0 (1-95) K-95) WB TT EE HLT EAE A EPL HF LK, = 1,2... ROBE, KE RSME TED p SURI, 095 = 12,0075 0) A PRE Ky eK (Ty pytie sts Mir Ie) BD K AREAS eR RAC, RDI EBT AA FH SB HE ABRAM, TARY OA WR ST BLE Redon 3 AANA. 4 RUS RHA RD YL A AE KK, (i = 1,2,--, 0) AP A AH SUAS AHA RAAB AR, 1) 8 K - RAL APF OTM K,(i = 1,2, RSME TAD p HL, SAAR, BY K,=f(T,p) i=1,2,-,¢ (FS K- BO, RL SBA ORM A, BAK - BARRERA 7 AA p FAP OR K, (i= 1.2.50) fo FA f) K - AME 1—2 fare (2)7 OLA E K- 2, MAB RRRRDAE Ki = 1,20) 5 RRB T SRE p WAAR. WAKA 2 HER, SHREK: bi: tbat bs P+ bP i=1,2,7,05T Ty MA Te? 20.5( 7 + Ty) RETA BT oT MA Te? 20.5( 0 + 7) REET SER To? > TR TO? < TAAL, PL AH EA OREN K - KAY SEARCH, Wa aNERM K- XR. THERER HEIN 1—4 Br BAP x (R12 ch m=O k=O, m=O; MAT <> Fm, m0 N N [rescues are KBR fre Fy = Km BR rT, ¥ ¥ Fase) (FP-oseTy memtl i-4 WA - TRICE TE 2. Fe K - BRUADTEME KK = f( Top erie exiyis sy) FR K — RRIRURO RD ACES, HSC OY AAR De BE Be EAT A AURA ar EE A. DARE OPA K - SURI, AAR SARE PC) EL, PRIOR N-R PR MRM FURS EB NRK SB P (1) AMET 1S PARRA AE HO LEHR FC 7) A BART A cote erie) AE) 28 a fe reas). pepe UPS HGH IBA °° BT BES FO, ere YET, F(T?) PUTA D) BRE SASHES ZI, rr») pce FUE) - FTE) a eT pea pe "OES RRM RO AT EAC FC) BI—s NRE WARRANT san pny pc) 0 op - 7 TY Se ReD REBT] (98) FALE ASA BAL 7"? SEA RA OT ea 7. DREAAA HBA VAPRRAH EAB, HEMI 1—6 Bi. TR fe. P,xj;n =O; 22M EIDE Th Antoine HERTS Ki, = 1s AL PR $F th PT x HHH = 1,250) fy = Kens AUR PR WB PT, HPA Ki = (nf DARA Kz y/mp Tae TO) 16 FRSA EL — 7 RAEI AHH 3) LARA RR {AEB 1—7 Bra. HAF Resi 29 9A rem suMYo=SUMY y= SUMY yen /SUMY; Kay )as TT FE 1—7 PRORMRNLA - 7 ELS OTE 338m - THEOREM RBM - 7 AGE BEN IL. AT G/M ATH TB P= dat Jeo 1a SRNL p PARMAR AYABAE, OT Antine VRE B, 1 G arp aT AMOR AAI EN ETL ae? APP K PEREZ PARTE HARE BSED IR ALAR SECA AT, BELA @,* = 1.05 THE, Poynt- ing IF POY ~1.0, A ptEAS IR EN SURAT BHA = te Prat wi HEPAT pS BEDE, BLA ESR TIE AY AEA. RTT, BIR pI BE 7 BS AK, ALAA He J BE I, FELT BAAS j AT EN p™ HE LSAT ESRLL pt, IAS AIRLL p18 pe oS) tee EFAS UT AeA TTA BEF PH PN ASP A A BEL 9, AEE RK 1, FUL ATAR AUB Lp, */ p,* , BME EAB AT BE OE AA BOR, BB SR FE p29 1.2.4.3 #A-THH 1. K - RBH K, = f(T, p) (DFR ALEPH, HAA. HEE 1—8 Bia, (2) SOLE AE 19 rR. 2. Pi K - RK, = f(Typsaieatcinie yc) CU) RET EARNER, 2D. PRARAST Bl} ELM 1—10 frm. (2) HRT ENLAT A iT} ER 1-11 Bi 3.8 - THEOREM RARGEA, - 7 UALR SELENE EL. FT — Mm BE aH 7 Ts San a RAE Reon 31 moyen = 0; BETO Ty=T, x, 2y/K" r= 102 T=098 7" LO Bi-8 RA-THENMER THRE BA Py (i O k= Ome 0; BRT -( Ei) N Lae KR HH FT) =E/K)-1.0 Frei Py IK N MP (FO) TO TF Fam Y Fons ¥ ros Ty Tost T yy 1-9 Re Kp 1S — ASEH p Petty 7 TRO EHR LR THE AUCH i HABE , FT A Antoine Jy FET H : 32 ah Mg Rot TA Bi Poy, sm= 0; HAMARADIE 70 ss Antoine A PETH K, £1, 2.6 N AA PR A FR,A PT, y HEAT C=12.0r0) KE = Ki AU PRB PT, RAE Kim Oi) Gh E=12.~.9] Tame remooa r'] | y peg] Kye yin; T= 7" 1-10 PRR AREA - 7 URS BE Fa YHA HE Ait PC Hg SEE 3 ik BE Aer HH eee ae ee x PP ERIE ET BIR RAF SP A ARH EN AR UK BEL. gS = 1.0511. Poynt- ing AF POY ~1.0, Aut AS ENE fo = 9p POY =p i=1,2,40 rT] 1 = PR 21,20 Dy Ya, = 1, SU ASA J dem Soe at He PAAR UE p, SST SE EAE, BT LET IE OE ARO. SRT, BIR pS SAME 7 AK LAAN MAES ARE. FER — TSB |, RE Reson 3 TR BAP, yy5m= 0; BRR 7 47, = 10,4 1,20, -—) | aa FRR Vien BBCI, 1,20 F098 TOT] | RE AEST MRI f° 1,2.) WE PRET AR AMS, (i= 1, 0) Eric” = SrypPix, = fl Si) 3 SumXO=E x; m=] fF Y r=1.02 7") a PERT BERR A= 1,2.~,0) remit tag SUN X= SUMO «SUM SA ARH YS al 3,=3,/SUMX Y Teer aT TR) ole FO) FO) 5 =5/SUMX: Ky= yi Ty=T x FR IT POR AEA — 7 LAB a AT SE OAR UR 2 SERED TAU os ERSTE AD 2 ft ro SHE) RO ov eA StOMOEF UGE SPIE sh SOIREE, ARE 1 ANU RACHEL p/p. END RTI ASIC + HA MA A SL ph 34 Me da 1.2.4.4 ®@&-p AA 1 MOA - p UB: BURGE 7 AAS WAR x, 2 oo x RAL EI pp, AEA S WR yi. 710° Yeo Ar Kate jorge petal i=12y0 Sy ' raf? AN gynel BRU =D $0 a =>) raft pes An, DY i REUTER AU, #1FH Antoine BHM. f2 = PH BNA 9 ~1.0, 71 Poynting BF POY ~ espns 1.0, REA oy. Syrah mrs f= 9 pM POY= pi i=1,2,~5¢ ——7 HAAR om Antoine Bt: Talk Wh egg 1 IpteA-geg isbbeve 1 Py, AAR Virial-t BOS 184, i= 1,2,~.¢] 2.38 - p 1H =P BHT Ax, x07) xR por A ys» Je Yeo f80IH y= 9) TALE % SUPARESIBEE f° = po MT REE pCBDWEED py) APPAREL y, Ci = 12,70) AR, HH ERP A ARERK 9 TUBEMLERHH PG 1-12 MLA - p RTS SRR AT, Ht AH A 112 BE Ro 1.2.4.5 #&-p Ae 1 Bi -p AB: BMA TRADES 900° Ye ARNE po BPE BE WARES WAM x 522° Ho BEE fheton 35 Arm Kate pet rone n2Ze ieee WY Set pi 125) Se a pe Dears TEARS PGE ANTAL FUSSY i RAT A EK, BI 1.0, 105 Poynting AF POY ~ 1.0, WA HRnEAS RAE f= ep POY =p i=1,2,~50 UAURCTE p,“ OT TH Antoine PBUH: In p= A,~ 2.8 - pte BRT Aly. sys 7K PorM ay ozs sto sh 28, py = — Dewnlrsi AUP PREARBIE fo =p. HFRRED p OWREN py AR, CARAS DPA NRE RR o,, LAFF RBA x (i= 1,2, ,0) AR PIO BRET ARAMA DPA 7, DORMER - p BREET AHH. THE FAME 1—13 Bra. 1.2.5 ARH 1.2.5.1 iB 1 ARE PARAS SO OAR AE) 1—14 Go MEIC SP FE RAL TE AOI EAR. EDR EEE BE BSR A, 3 ABE RAMEE. AAP EH HS STE IY WAP AE SARS HK HERAT Pa OE V SUMMER F ZHONRER RH = 2 ENR SH p F (ARR o SIRE 7 ZIRE AT 115 ARF BTA HAR BAS. HE 115 Bl: 36 ai Ms Ra BAT 2% =10, 110,112 pi, pel” AA Antoine BTM f= BS , 12 ne” i= 1Qome eas SARE 7°) —! 1 1, PO,» AURIViaLBOSHIE?, i=1,2. PPO oe Ey HAE RBC 7, “yf sya[| I-13 Bee - p BATE 0°, HY Pn aa Yori PR RIL = ° (Prat Ra Bim Feats HAE Rewer 7 (De = VIF = 0, KYA AAT BE BERLE 2 (ETA HE UAL LIE 7, BEL = Fyap= 2G 1,250. rt] Poem fo (2)e = VIF = 1, YT ASE BE ESE AS) EDP AR DWR AME 7, HAL, V= Fo y,=2.1= 1,260 (3)40 ~ HIER FCP ot, YP) 3292. 0) F(em), Ae ant fe") HH F(e), file), Ae’ Fie) cactabe®, en|4e"| re 2K fone : seer, | PB BY Hy ; iat dome ay=mex| HWY HS HEY. L Bis FRAME ER 5. ARR ETH PRESEN — PSEA RR UE ES BE RR TE RALLY HEA oD ETL RL I TAN BH UREMBARI ¢ RANA SHMMO 0, SUPE IRBE 7 ATER MAE AI IE TyDLF BERR RL EA (2) = RADNER fe) 3 (C1) <0, UPAR ET EUSA 2 OO ETL GRAM ALARA (3) 2501, URAL 7 S}E REA SE 7, IR AUB 7,220 HE SOREBDER. 42 Hh te 1.2.5.3 #RARHHE 1 ena Pra SUE 119 Beam LAIR A SUM at TI JL A IE, ARTIC RAL RIAN Pos male RT ARN AAR B aa rey SAAR PERLE EL SE LRA RR HDCP Ts Fa yy tan tty 2.) PEATE AN miso #AmEtE PALF A (BOP ARMEREE I) p HEREC MANERA ATR V ALL, REAR x, Bly, ,6= 1,2, C0 2 ARARABA YP PEAR HP ARMREST 7° = T= 7 AARC, EVAR LEE ee ff) BSE, EL ts A UMN BE 7 RKC, ‘ a(-K, fileT)=¥ Gy PAB, aE REA, BQ = 0, FARO AY VH" + LH" — FH! = eH’ +(1-e)H*-H'=0 RAMA V ALL BSUS HAL HABLA BIPIREBE 7 ABR, BD PRGA ETS A flesT) its Teale (0) (0) o a aK, eT) = 3 TORS aT loa o file, 1) ar = 5a a T=T +r? , RAT AT Le BE BrP + re BED He SRMTE] TAA TE MARNE AE RNS BEST EAT RR SE A ER RI A RI AA WET BE See (1) RESEDA — HS AR A AE RL uA NS = SCRA PRAISE IE 2 A BE) (2) 224M NR CAE AEE Sm PBA RE A KARHA Ne=m(e+2) (3) ARE A BY HE Ne=Ni- Np 3 AR & HIE K ( Petlyukdistillationcolumns) #4) BB BEST HH 124 RRA RBA BEA Perlyuk PAS AREA, HEM SER FM AE SEUEAT BT A 1) MOE A abi REAL ANS FA 124 ABI PLEIN SA AR A A — AR 56 Hh fie a N DR ATR AN BH BE = 2c +2 +5 SIM — LES Eph BEM M = c +3 BU PeHeHh GH = (2c +2N +5) +(c+3)=3c4+2N48 FEA M ERR ELIE ED a HY EAI BAC BCE AS LA 3 OER PRA SLRS: MEE BEB TSE TH AY HH BE = c + 2M +9 GLI 1 BLEEDS Leh BES = o +3 tin 3 BUDA HE EB eh BES = 3 x 2=6 SRL UGH A BABE = (c +2M 49) + (043) +6=2¢+2M +18 PUR HBOS RRL Bl = 2S ne + a NS = (3c +2N +8) + (2c +2M +18) =5c +2(M +N) +26 ee “ a aA ae se ae *B2 ae 2 Tipe Fis is SRI OEE 2) RAE AY RABI NE Se vE ADAG Ay 4 AP SBIR SARL + 2 BBG) AL ELI SB PUBS HUBER YR RASA = 4x (c +2) = 4048 3) aka SH HOS A ENS NS =, - Nei = [Se +2(M + N) +26] - (4c +8) =c+2(M+N)+18 2 - SBA Mt A at 37 H2H -ATKeeTEHRMHS SAR AAS A, EERE RE BTS TY BUYREN x, ASME 1 — 2 BEL, Sr RE, A RG RAE MEH HAL, SATAY VLE XAT A A A eT PR UCT RETHS. CARR Te a PK (1) MeCabe-Thiele PAAR 273K: ASMA OTE AME OTE ORI ME 77 #244. (2)Ponchon-Savarit FARA 1& + TFIRT AS OS EAS BORA MEH 77 BREE 2.1 BP MANGS OTIS S—McCabe-Thiele HA 2.1.1 MRR RRB MeCabe-Thicle 2485 tk E182 BEN A 1 EA CRIB, BA TR BE SOLS WHERE. RAE DR MS ZS, MBE PARR: PFDIERAR ITS ATU RESY BEE. RT AEB BA ELK OH BE AME AR. 2.1.2 McCabe-Thiele SHE 2-1 BAR AN TORRE, MT LA ERS 2—2 TARE y - x PALES Forba 2-1 cA 2-2 McCable-Thiele FA HPO: AA AHORA y = f(x). BU ARTE EZ HH AZ PR 58 RIERA. a is a (1) RRA PTE OR Be RR LD yaprt pt Q-1) SUP: L, V— WRASSE. (2) HEALER IR TER (FARA OS EH. (2-2) st. L, VF A STL MEER (q BR) PRUE PAR ARTA BEB chs RRR, g MEL LR 1 yoga gas (2-3) (2-4) # SHARUMARSHIN ¢ RMB 2-3 Him. > LE UHR E BEM O< g <1 yar AURAER = 0 SUAAAGER ¢ <0 a BAAR 2-3 BARES 9 BR FRA AATF GR SRR ERR, BARR TF RABEL, I 2~2 RAR , HLM McCabe-Thiele Fl. 2.1.3 AFA McCabe-Thiele AI Ti 47 — 7 FAH *» 3 B24 See 213.1 Seva a ta Re ae ON, PACERS SH ELCL, 3K SRE OR ACL Easemitk. Ro = 7 +1 UATE, REEL ATSB EAS — x By ASR AAS PB RR GARR BE BATE, FE FEE HE AYE EE FO BAP IK Ngo EE 2—4 BEAR 0 RIE sacs ei Rw 59 2.1.3.2 Reid a(R A R,.) Bae a RBs NEL ACCEL eM EO A LB a ERATE RASC, BO IN ELE IL , PR AER HF RT A ARB BEAM ELAS A EGR, BH BIR EIR AEA FE SPAM AC HATA], PTLAULAS HP. PEARS HPP i ASC PT REA OL BL DELETE tA PED (1) SRS SRP ABP RF, BEE LB RLS A BR HES RLM). GAEL ARERR PLOTS, ALE ER SPARE RAT — AUT BLAME SOR SHR AREER a MO 2—5 Bras. (2) 38 2D ERE AF eh ABS PRES HP RS EE A MHRA RPE EY , 1 2—6 BR. % = A2—S i SS RU eE 2-6 BARNET 2.1.3.3 RAS RGR S eS SS IBGEEIS FUER EAS HIRI 5} 9: SRB Be A PR FE RARE A AIA AANA. (1) BL SBE AHA I ASF, A AF, MPR 2—7 BRR. SCREEN ADLER LAUPER BU) ECE UL FOE REIN K (2) SA RAEN OH AG — BAUER S, A A OR HOR, S, AU) 2-8 BET WEIMER UREN A DLE ABE REE A, TT CHWS HERERO FA BREE EU 2.1.3.4 AAPM ERE PADS HL REARS A — Te ER AAR, FLEA] — ob AR 0, UIE 2—9 BEAR. ALAM AM ABAD ER ARTA BE FAR ACE 60 ah Me P29 Ae alee a AN He 2—10 MCE SRR RRE 2.1.3.5 RRM HPAL IG EERE HSL BT GPA RA IA BERRA IEA, PEARL y = 2 EBL TRE y = 0 avi, ‘4 2—10 Bra. 2.2 BPONGRVERRN_ TABS ——Ponchon-Savarit BIA FAFA McCabe-Thiele UAE TENA DL BOR ARNE, ZEAL PF AES EMTRR UNM AT RR. HEE y - x HE AER WSR RUBE. SMALL ER UTED PL EAN BE HIE =wcM LAH RBH 61 L-PPT BEAT OO OSE I OS ANP AIT SL, BHI Ponchon-Savarit PFI. 2.2.1 $§-FREA(Ponchon-Savarit FA) tah 1%] Hono eioee, 1 8% YT OBIE" HY ~ y,)PE ABER Ponchon-Sevart BI, i) 211 | Him LRARSBAR SEER IW ~ y AR, BAR TAIRA NC OE a Re — MRR, A ~ oS AA AA SALE wR Re 2 RE SES HE RL) SHA ERR EZ AERA HR, A 2-11 ABET A 3. ER RELRT ESD LAF j ORDA (FR f+) LIA Y— Vs (2) th EFA j - 1 FRA WI A— Lo Vj. 1, ASC ACP SLIMY DOR ae A PBS 7 AP CAE DETER | HA RMAR BOER MR | NES RATE sh PHO, TAL MSU RRO ER SA Dy AFR A j IAAL AIR AS AV, TR HR A HLA 3 GR | WARES ORS AL, RURALHE ALATA VS 1 CEE. 3) ARE HER V,- LAF HR Sj-1 ZIP, BL RHE He A RES HEV, — LRA OR | 5] +1 ZIM TALON TRIAL 2.2.2 RRABR 2.2.2.1 HHO PR AD RHE ERE 2— 12, P-BIT V,=L,+D (2-5) Vey2 = Lyx, + Dep (2-6) V,HY = L, Hi + DH; + Day, 40 -& Q-) 62 * Me Buss 62-2 AON a 2-13 Ponchon-Savarit Pl Sea i. Yop ye HULLS (stu) Hh HH, (2-8) Xp ~ Yo Ya ty RE-TEARAAHER, CHRUPETA: (1) my (ay Ho + do) Ho + ao) 9 SASETOUEE HY 9A EL, PR BE EL (2) ARO Hh"): (3) L.a% (1 Hi) o HARED POR | SPER 2 CARER. MERA ERS FLAT, BULL ABA — PORE BER, ABT LA tl ARERR. BTA A BORE FORE mp KER, AN 2-13 Si. 2.2.2.2 SEMBLE ER 2-12 APSE BUN SOR WTS RBRAB: (Hs ~ go) ~ Hy _ Wy - Hv a Yn Yn > Sven HARBMUTEA: (1) mp Cin Hh = 9) HS ~ dn) SASHA SAL A BEAR (2) Vos Cns H)s GB) by Bay His) HR RAPE N 1 SPR N ZEEE ARBRE FE HIE a= 9) RIE SAU MRE RT FREE FOE 1 RW 2-13 eA. 2.2.2.3 SERRA AFA) MIB EMDR SE AUR EA F=D+B Fag = Dry + Bry FH, = D(H + qo) + BCH - Qe) wucstmeeg 2 ect He Ua) Bo xp zp (Hi + qo) ~ He BEAST PR oy my HERA FR HR, 408 2-13 Fim. 2.2.3 AIA Ponchon-Savarit 77 HME TART BE BEM EF RR PSE EEA, HW 2-14 BRA. EN WA SPS A 0.59 %(mol) BERRI N F = 100 kmol/h, EC BEEBE 2, = Fipto 63 (2-10) (2-11) (2-12) (2-13) Deyo ge YH (0) 2c Li+-t, L344 Ve Cenmanae Bye 0.5 mfo STAIN, EMEC R= 1.05, RT 24 EER EH JEFERAVARD yo = 0.95 m.f. A xp =0.05 m.fo ORTH RENTER SRS TERME AP TEC SEEPS AEA I 2-15. ELLA Pop) Ho OPED DRED Hh ALAA D = 50 kmol/h ¢ SETA ESF — TF, RH 0 Be PEAR y = yo RRR THT HK D(y0, Hy). MD RIV FORRES, CSRS ZEFELMWT Ly (x9, H)o HE Lo RE BERR BAER VC, Hh"), SEAR y = oF ay, HAWETR toh R= 1.05 (2-14) 1 A CTT Lae RELA ECL mo (yp Hy + Go) HRP macs AFEORERRMI d0= Oo/D,BULAT DITA HERE ICA Oy IFRLITSE HARA TRB Ly V ITE. HEBER x = xp SHLAA IRT th k B(x, 64 the H5)o Me mp RAF AREER SEAR x = xp APRIL ry (xp HG - Qe) HR mr HER GRR. RAV, RRA OR 1, CARAS Ly (21, Ht) RRL, RRS BRBMBCF A Vi(n2) Hi )o LL Vj WRRRA PEER 2, ESWRRMRF AR Ly (2, Hy) EA FAFA L OR 2 HR. HL, ESR RA BEARS mp TA Ln BURR SAME AR Vs(ys.HS)0 Va mie RABY OR 3, SWABHREA Ly (2, Hb)o HA LER SRARART VeCrer Ho MR VRB SM RRMA ER AP BL BC ay He) BT HARADA VTE Vole He) o UCAS 5 TP BR, Sop ASH TSR AVE TE A aE HIE saat eM Rt HF 65 S358 =arntad iiatiiheabield has PR WEA TRA WELT SO A HELE EAR SEP PR ARAL AL EG EMAAR A FALL BP AA SBR, RED EIA A BOTA SEAR MLA SOAP ALAR SERA]. BEHALF ART LA DA OA AFMADA—TRED SAM = TRA. FRAO RP HARA RM SILA VIM RAT DE ALE A OR HE SEETHER HE De SEE BREE AO DOESN ARGS, REG BEATS PE AEDST HORE. TEMBER AE PER AH BSA A RAE SL, BP ER A Nag AURAL Ru BUA. ER APRS ATC ET TT A AT HE ELMS, REALL a A EA AA TTL LE eo SPT AAR EH A EB HEH 3.1 =A 3.1.1 SavRBRTE TRAE Vea, b, cPWRR TELIA MAE PARRA. 1 B/S ORNS BT LISS RE =P A ABRR TET MHA R. 3.1.2 NES BTS RAMEE 20, = a, by c HIRES MIA 3-1 ay Fie SZAUERINUIEREN 95 BATE 4:2 IDLE SICA SOP Hing = yp RICHES EMIS 3-1 ay ie SE ABE LA TAPE AT HEAT “ 2h, DHFS AIT BP ema Baas POR MALARIA HIE, PDL 2-1 =AeRES a (-1932 0) 66 _ HM — TPR. HEHE PIB) — ROE x0, ny HEME RAMANA. ROT PREG TU SY HE FRR ASD PERE ER BRDERAD ETERS WOR AIT, Bh, SAE Ste TORS HRA. ETA A MALEK AA ea aks % =T¥ (a, - 1x, +(a,-1)% G-) _ uty _ 1 Tyan Da + (ax - Dm oy yeel-y ny (3-3) STRUTT ENTE, 42 MITRE SEN oy = WO, i, j= a, B, cy REALE = TEAR , CNR ATL Fa Se fo Ty (ah = Hay + Cab = Ds Go) _ eka 1+ (an = Dito + (at = 1) 20 Big == an — Min (3-6) @-5) a IB (647 0) 3.1.3 ARBRE STRAT MME R= eS /; BRAEMAR IR Ds AR AE (URN ART AK A, AE * MP HA 3.1.3.1 BRMSARSH SBR a )/Z.BV(B)/1-FEBR(c) ROK BAL Frans ty SFM Ets RT ASR, 3-2 a Fo REDPATH RI IATA RAS o 1 32 BRUM TRS RE pe ayo WHE IT PRR 6 eae AP REICA 3.1.3.2 RRPA-ALARI RAH RESARAM REA RHEE (1) =H AA (0) PEC) IZ. c) NAAR IO 3—3 AR. ROAST a Soh RA) ba — PLT SERIE 0b HSCEI AM RE RE SAAR ARB RMSE o HREM TE TD ob HES (2) = SAFES AUPE 0) AR ME) (ce ) ANAL 34 BER RSE RIR Zacimit A Ret HK 67 a Fil (56.20) eb = Fis SEHBAC SS.7°C) cZM(BST) 33 AP RZB STARA BURR AZAD b SRB ACAT c REBIE RTA TERA SERIE AD bc HF EY BPR, ARR — TAS bc HR PRR HE. 5 FIRE C647 0) a SRLS TD j} x eMHC612 CD be STASI, x0 —— b ZARPHICST.L OD 7c a SCART RES AE 3.1.3.3 RRPRBR-RLARI TO RAR A AR BR (1) S565 WA (0) (b)/Z Ac) ALAN 3-5 BTR. RAMI IESE a Se LASS b ERA LIAS A ob LSE ODE ILE RE OI AUSSIE MRD AASY c Hh AAPA TE ICRA HREM ob HITE, WRU FRAY o RPA 6 DREHER HAL. Be A [SEARED NR AS ADP CRIA RR LEAR ORE A REAR 68 ai is Rt a FRR56.2 0) ob =F ASERBINC64.4 0 eZ.BH81.6°C) % ——> BMH (612 0) Ass ARCANE AAD (2) = FERS PRA ( 0) 1K ()/- TBR c) ARE 3-6 AR ASE PD AL Db b SRA BRANT SERIA 1 b-c, WTAE, PR EAR BIBS TEL SM Mt SH UTERUS WD bc BHR RLS) a ROAR EAS = PTE A 3} SB, EAE ST A Ek AE AR RS FMRC 56.2 0) o cL THAIS) 8 —> be S7imhseibt brK(1000 T) (270) A3-6 AMKN-TRRRM SAAS 3.1.3.4 RAPRERASIARD IS ERE a)2-Z AE BE bY/Z AR (c) PAE RAT TERNS ob A bec, A= AATEAIES 3—7 HT, — AAR SE LR LS ASSL, TEAM ANA ASHRAF BR = FED ob HARA. HIE sa cste Rt 69 2 FAR (1258 CD ob SFR FRW C61 CD ¢ LE(1362 °C) be SMM xe > 62 LEZ AT cae) cag 0) 3-7 FC RRLRILRRR EA 3.1.3.5 2ARRPHZARH HY RHEL MAA ( 0) RG ( 5) ABR c) TEA OA (a) RE (b)/ ABR (c) PRB BTE INF ERD: (1)2 FL ICRASEREM a-c Ailb-c3 (2)1 SA FCHRKFERYI 0-55 (3)1 FE TRIER 0 3-8 Bim, a BAF STATE LEAT HEATER IY 4 ERE ec AVHRR SA A ABE RAB A 4 AA (35.70) AUR, MATRA OR, Ra AANA, HPSCRALR DE BREA LA BE SABIE, TVA A ER RBA ORL TE FRGATO)%— be =F 8 MYHC612°0) 1. ZRRAWK o)/EME (5H “ Rae ON ROHR (c) = TRA (a) EI (b) PEK CE (c) PRE RIN FHM. (3 PIT. a 5b ZIRE 1 PITS A FOIA b Se ZAM 1 AIR (2)1 AE TORR FER» a FAM (56.2°C) abe = RRA (750) ob = TRATWD (Aare) 3-8 AR RRS OE 70 at i Re SUPE 3—9 Stn, Ah ch RA TS RS SHES FORA SHA 4 AIR SE 3—8 HH = A TCH ( 0) ( bE c) TE BLE. a (80.1 0) ob ST (797°C) abe STRAT (3020) ab TRAD (803 0) CRB 1009 T) xe —e be STERN & BAUR (80.26 0 (199°C) 3-9 RSE BCR REM = A SHR A MZ a )/k( b)/ BR c) STERAZ Ma) 1K (b)/ BE (c) FP HEBTE RAN FIRM. (1)3 ALTERED: FER SERB 0-55 TERN SEM b-c, AEM, A} HOBART Rs — TERED a-c. (2) AS TEAD SER FLV A IME AR A 5 HE 3—10 BAR PAA = OR BS = he a ELA = 0B SEO UPR RARER A= ATE RSH 9 3 AR AG AH a ZF C785 0) ab TRA PO (820) abe SRR STRAT BD (161°C) CBECIOG Tbe STRAT xo —~ bAK(100.0 TC) (s40T) 3-10 ZK RR = _ $3 sect H 1 ARRAS AR A Be FETE FESR ROP SR A PRS FEAR TS FC HO Bo 3.2 SO Rh=TeBNE EAA BER V, Lo> D, BBY, ALREL R>© AILS ERE. 3.2.1 SERS TARTENSAUEERT 3.2.1.1 ®ERRA ARAL E HATO A WE OK BT ATRL AeA, MO 3—11 BAN. 3.2.1.2 abe SEO GR AN Fin = Dry + Bry i=a,b,e (3-7) ZEA 3-1 PURER FR 1 —- SRR AAA RADE Fe IT FRAY D AAU B CAA PAM A — AER « 2» ’ 3.2.2 HERRERA HER EIA AI A3-1 SERNAME (DEER BEA FAT RS Fl — A HC (20M F RA —-RART SS HAZ, EMCI SY REA A FLAS LR PAA BNL RUTH, PERERA FECL RAT P12 WERT HM F ANRRONGRA RM —-RARM SiS AAMAS, HP — POUR L PF AAA, NR, M0 312 Bh Fo MEH F, AEF MRRP Os BE SANG AAR ATOR EM TU Ge Fi RA AA RIS A FP We FAURE SA 3G, SPAM LEAN TAA AE SAE PMSA FRA AR (ET AEE RAT a HF EES ALA o A F AA, MP 3-12 HA. nd A eR (2) 5017" ih ES cL ARABS o Alek F ER, SOE 3-12 Ho Fa BG SRS oa SPA AR 2 A SB GB I SP 3-— 12 BD ALB Sm PHASE FS AR ON Se A AT A BE ‘UF IS AS BSE RN BAS SEAT ATR STO 2 PE FD FAL, SREP A SL LS EAE FR Be iA FBR PE Be AS BBA AO AR SS A = ARNE HE IE BE. 3.2.3 RARRON= OREO RR 3.2.3.1 ZARSHAIAAAR DRAM a-b b-c NEL 3-13 BAR AY EKE/D-Z EZ IZA TOR GE, EBA STORER a-c FA bec SALIBA) — AALS A WP SMI A FAL FPR AN AD RL D, BAD, By a #541258 0) ob SNS (116.1 0) ¢ LR(1362 0) be SAMRAT x4— 62-MRZMCILI CO amc) A313 6/2 ZEA EA ST 3.2.3.2 ZARDHHIDAARH MH 1 NZARA RAD $314 A A ETO SEP AAT AR 3 FCSN 1 FSG Pb: (BARTER SED a-c Alb-c5 (2)—*- (3)—-PE TERA. F314 PA 4 RRR = ATE 4 ICR ALF A YENI 8 CR ESE sucetenanit He B 0 FAH (56.20) oe = ems FE (557°C) \( es aden 64a o> Bi CBIGGLTC) x,—e be SERA SERH b MUHC612 0) (3340) 3-14 AR HR (OSPR AUSU FRM PRS DOR D, ~ By s (2)3EREEBUR FIED ASSP BE D, ~ Bas (3) REAL Fy RDF TS RD, ~ Bs: (4)2EN ALU PRE NS RR D, ~ Beo 3.3 BNMARENS ASN CT ARRAN — ABA BE TEA LLP RED. INELILHG Rau Ké 7 SPREE RAR HFK BUEN F , AIDE Underwood WER Rago HEMT SATA D MAA SPT REAR AR TAD RL, ACCES AA ARP SE EG EAT AT ‘FE SUVARI 5 RTT ASF = TENE TE UPR THEE Be eA Rel BCL 3.3.1 SEAR) BR SRR FRAP 2,2. ET is 2- HE ES TONER EN HE BN ap(i= a,b,c) ,R0EM 3-15 Bam SSA TAR eS Pe a PER OOMARTIER. AL ap Al yy MAAR, LA Be ERE BS IR Ko VEU ALR, D AUR RG DRA B WARE TR — RL — ie A “AUG Sh BU, VA TIBI I aH EA CSR] 3—15 A EL ARSENE) AB FE EFA, PRAT TEASER PE A TRF ASB LEAR EAR, ON LE SP RPT RE UE AE CR HIE 0 BT m4 a VARA A AN RAAT A BH SRA HR RR RA PE HG Ro BBE MaRS. A . 1 Row = (a i)ag, + (an in G-8) < a, ba Ree lI (a, = Dan aoe G-9) Gg 2,2-— PET HE(49.7 T) b 2- FF aE UE (60.3C) 315 2,2. UAE THE PRE RET 3.3.2 STR D BRAS o BARN ELE SRR HIER EE ERIN TP DPT PEUR AD SRE A LR PE BGS AUTEM ab UIC IR TRO A Do AERA EE AH 3-16 AR EAR A — PS TO IIE ANP 3—16 BY SUR GARE AE 2 LE ASA RA EE CR SATE PH o-b WME AT He (4 x, > 2 YEA ob SCARE, «2 Sein LTR FAN Rs (2) RAY x, <2] EAA SE ALF co Mey AERRIRIER ZEA, UT HE FFE A OE CR = ARSEAAPS HA bc WAN AIHA BALL HO FA (1) PAY ag > xf BRIA Sit SURG AS 5 (2) 4 ay <2} BUSPAR bc TERA ORE, 25 SHERROD ABD FRNA rho _ RIE smc MAH HE 75 4 2,2. MT $8(49.7 T) BRE (68.6)c: b 2-H AE RAE (60.3 C) F316 SE PTR ARS A 3.3.3 SRE A MOR BRR TE ORG BANDED a D EA RA 0, SURO AR EEL «A FRILL, AR ABE AD PR I LER GE Sh Renin > Rain (3-10) SUP: Rug SEE Lo RIS AD HE AO HE ALAR I 3—17 Ba. RRA RL HEL FH Fy ABD REAR ES ETT OLR STR ABP HR ECR EE WEF. pg Bea RRT R497 0) / s\ BR (686°C) & b 2-H aH (60.3 T) a 8 F317 SU aR aA RG AA Sh AP TE, 3.3.4 SR ARR RE WR ETT BLAM AES c SON AA BRIE cA 76 ah te FRR EELS XA ESS PRE RE - Reva > Raia G1) SA: Rag BE SD BEE PP LL FACRIE OS HL APR BE CR 3—18 SAR. ERE Rh ts Bee A L SREB, F BIR PERE AN RD PRE — TRE. EE SOR A WEA. © 2,2. MT (49.7 C) BAR (68.6 Te b 2-H ARIE (60.3°C) oa 318 RNA PEA LS FN 3.4 SYED PUSAN — FBP PEE HLL R= (1.1 ~ 1.3) Re ROR EIS AE BAAR AISA SEL AMIE Ae SA PL 319 9 22-62 RISE / ST BLS EL FSO AEP APOE 3 AAR ERE RE RELAY BCAA ES DENS ALN TE AREA BE CE FR 2 2,2 THE(49.7°C) BH (68.6 Te Nb 2-H HE MAE (60.3 T) a 3-19 SRE FS ORE BAe Senet eh at n $48 SALA BHRWHS BATE © > 2) RIA — VA EA a AI RS TE YA BR AR A a FUL TAA , PARE, CS ARETE SAL TOUS NST TT A WK SATHANA RA (LRA AHS AT RE Be MB PE CEA KAN EGR, BRERA ROT LIER ET ATE LHR (2) PERROTT SE Ta Be RE — FO OIE ID A CA A A ET He. 4.1 SCOZA TRIS DFTA BST RE ARR PA ATT AIRES EE USL SG BLATT DE AOL Ce AEA PAH ITE A EE AY: (1) SERA ASR BA TH AA A A UAL TAC EAT AAR ORLA TBR Pe AA ET BLN SH PATE (2) FBeALL BERET AHA LPR HF SRE a A, TTRE PRE ak HC BRU AL a RE A 8 A PR BEEF RDA. CES FRA ORI IE IN PSE PP ATT Da AT SAR OURAN EE AY BRI RETA BUS SE YS RAR, VIE ANS RET ET 5 Ud LSAT AH IB PE SE BE AAT MPIRERE (iE. BATRA HO CHT AR: BK AE HK. 4.1.1 8#%(Group Methods) 4 PGR SUI BIEN AHS SD 25TH ASE — PH TR PH ALB ERIN EEE A EL AE RA EE 8 ah ti wer cane, CRAMP LF ALTER aR BE DL Lm Vdy ON BEER IR I i — A AH CE bw ALLL Se OT ERA — IRA RSE x LAGE BUS SCR BOAO A EE PERAK, L4 (1) Kremer #2 , QD FF B75 LE SY A f E Py FR, MBE AGE acinit, 7 _. etait (2) SB Rt, ALFA PE Yor fos 4.1.1.2. Kremser #3% (1930 ) 41 eR 1. Kremser SEB MA BK ARPS 4—1 PEAR AY HN PR AREF BRR A LER OE RAGE). 1) BRATSARAF MEER j LNA APRA ne (4-1) B & is EOFS era (4-2) ERR FSIBCA FAA) 0 EUR TN Sep (4-3) FPGA PED FA (S,).0 2) BREA RH Dit Hr ae Ay (@,) RARER ASS | ARUN I, HAS BURR, BEAN BE BY OS Ae (,)4= 28S 4) Yoi — Ne TDL (0).= (Ae co) OR 55 SAT ELH AEH 3) RRR REBT BE Ay(@,) BEBE EUR SD 1 ABER IC, WLS ROR, Be SR OP Ae (4-6) FAR Sia TE 9 LAGE Dae PE FSF RSA LA ESR FES 1 PE 4) Kremser Hp LIRA Kremser J FEA LEAR Kremser HA, SUPA 4—2. AFH Kremser 8] AEF FE APRS ETL, UES BEA HET DB Bete th RE ER MCR ETT (4-7) 4005 . g aeesena 2 hese BE auL S scddd5d 65 deeded od cdcdds y tt ttt Effective A, or S, factor Effective A, or S, factor absorbtion and stripping factors 0.5, Ago 4 = pyar = fton nat seme 0.35 = fraction not stripped 0.25 80 ah te tn 2. Kremser Rit Bit RABR at Kremser 9 HF VST AR MRR HY A fal, oP RO, cr ETT AMOS EAE BK, EX bve yell(S. +01 (SIG al | = Tai), MFP WARUN KAR yal Ades MCA) IO) 51 [4 a In(S\). , 4.1.1.3 Smith-Brinkley (SB)##3% (1960 4) ‘0 1.SB RBESt 1" OFAN 4—3 BAR A A AR, YP AE — 2 9D i, SB ARK 1 ASR B43 - (1+ SY") + RU-S,) Sqr ROS) Te (48a) Pan (4-8b) y sth NPRM MHL ee Rite, R=, AR BR a ARE fe ak (4-10) 5,5 Si ASHEN EL TRAM PE 8.2K Fo Ka Vy LORRY SRE OA CSA, LEER Se =k Gs Key, Vy LAR ERA SPR E B S HE R ha SHERI ATSEIN SA AVE 2S ARTE, DES SR IL A (1-8), (4-I1) FERPA RAUK, BS SOUL, A (4-12) B4E SUA MMRMTE 81 2.5B ETS SB RAIS TET ARE A RE PN AS LE M SS ‘UR DELALG R AUS PH RA SER AE. MAE D A+ LR V (RD BE RE, Fe EAA ESB BO TAU Ph A RH OR Ty, JR EL AEH PR AS RAAB 7, BASES SABE Th UR RY FEA 1,=5CTy+ Tues) (4-13) T= 4(Taa tT) (4-14) ED RAE OE BSAC, AD KALB HB MUTA 7, A, 4 SRS BR 5 HEAR AF AP PK, A, VY SAS, RA {RAK (4—9) AR HR IE TAR A SOR A SS DRE LD LA AE BERANE, METER, AESOP a FARAH ALE THB TR, LES SE AH De EN) Ty A TAL 4.1.2 SATAN SBH RAE SATAN ARH AAI, A PUG HK, 2-H. ERTS FAEBRER: (1) IEA FROME BEN gf) Fenske Fi BE (2) HEFLMEDFEHE Raff) Underwood 7 #2sts (3) SESE LHL R AURA TSEC (4 Gilliland HHRAB RR. BERATED RUT RE AR, RN PRUETT ARREARS ES EFA FUG HE FTAA RH EM 4—4 BA 1 RR BAD PESUEG SALTON NRRL AO LE HY OE NS OR HE 4h EU EARLS LB SEAR URE SE REAR A I BR HH R19 AY I, Be RA P-L ZT) HAYA HEIR, HE a EBLE SEAR, OR BRERA PSF OH A RB AE, PEA RZ HeoE Tit BEREAM RHE 4-4, 2 ARR AUR EH B09 wR RE HAMA DS REAL AIE w SS AR 4S Pant 82. Ah He Ba FR q ERNE HRA RAT HN Jira SE REAR DRRORD a/R EE FEES OR BATH FIR AP HE Nn Fenske 3% A DO Fenske 2 EARS A OS Ht Sih MER BEM? B44 SHRM RHSBT RE AP FA SOC EMEA Pa *

    LS MPa, y Ba? AS HSE SOC OE EH Pp ¥ WIERD ERIM Ren Underwood #2 METAR ROR aa), TAT Gilliland 536 TENSE Kirkbride 582 HARES RBH ROR TE 4 ASRS Rain FFE ERT BBA A FA Fenske WRIT EYE AK, BD N'> Noo Pair Bl Bolles SBMA IER EET SO 9) Oi HEH EA RPE VEEL, RIN Raft) 1.05 (85, CESCIR ISLAY (BE eB EK HLH | ET ECB FERED, BY — MERA AE SR, TI RI Ry = 1.505 FIPS RE DR PAAR EE BD HF ER, AT RI Rg, = 1.105 TATE PPAR, AI R/R gi = 1.30. HUBS HIRE AT NaN =0.4~ 0.6. (LE — ATE BRJEAL A Gilliland 224K BH (PE 4—9) os ESR ETAL eR WE TG BAYT ah TR LN SAHIN WE Re Hf SAN ABA Molokanov 2 ASH BR) 28H KURU el Nes 21 eg ( 1454.4 (2) Nei Te 7.2v/\ Y ve (4-26) (4-25) 7 ERE 1944 4 Kinkbride 48H} 225079 BSR FUR SEE AD el(2)@2) wa) 86 Ht Re N= Nain Wet 8 Ven, Winkle and Todd( 16] © Gilliland deta points[13,14] — Molokanov Eq for line[17) 4 Brown-Martin data 15] 0.01 Ol 10 R-Rein Rei 4-9 Gilliland BHITRAL SEH: Ng » No BEAR Be OF BGK HERA OAR D.B— SAUER HAR. 8, RARER IE PAVERS 5 BHF SATIS Dy NREL EPL RR ER EP BES SE ‘CADRE AEE TRAE TP PE EL RUARE AEF ERAT AREA BIAE RRA EIA BRADLEY LA BUS ES BR RE ARE EROS AR HL BES Sh FAL ZH. (LAE Stupin Al Lockhart SARE SLRS PMS RA AE, IIE RL RI. Has JU Henley i Seader AHH. OURO RES ARENAS 10.FUG FRA FUG HEE A TROBE, TREE 3 THE (1) SORES RRS HL R/ Raa (2) SEAT) ABD) AIRE HAE Siacshinwreaat He 87 (3) AB CHB EN BAT) HORE. AE, WATE NNN LEER L EES RES ERE Underwood Jy E322 SR (8 a2 ESR AL FEEL FA Dy HE A BL RL. Tf Fenske 27 #24 Underwood 7 Ee aMEBUS DUA HALAS. ZEN FA FUG ARI ATE MASE. 4.2 PHRASES SAR FA ILE F HL eR AAS BPR RS TES SBA, SEH PEER RA EARLS, FES FE A A AP DUTP GSEE A AA. A TRE PB PRR AVEE ID TREE SA WO eR ES BEE BIR — AUTOR ARE AV ESRUS NE PF GERAD OS EE (KS OC AUF RAR, RA KA ARG BEA TL EL ECE JES LE Hy BERS HAR RB TEL AH BE FL FLARE EES RE A. (TCE ASR RA IPL ERATE MARL F ARS RLS AMES To 4.2.1 Bae CE TSATMRN EMSAM ZN BREE. HF See LAE HT BL RE RLS A BG BE BRT AAD ‘EE AA RSCIOLAR ROME (IES RE SRP BI dB a FT EL SF REE. GAN EEN oc STERNAL PEAY RI ST 4—10( a) a EVIE HH RAE RCIA, RUE BK, MIE 4—10(b) BE 4.2.2 SOTABTEOS SRS STABLE GRAM IHRE LAK. 4.2.2.1 RAAB SHE 4—10(b) BFA AE— PA (j= 1, 2, NYAS RIE (2c + 3) MEET Bx. (1) BEB ERAK yp Kit 20 T= 12,050 (4-28) (2) SOS BSE (M) EER Fong + Uyoa tia + Vos dena (Uy + $4 (V+ G) 7p #0 751,20 (4-29) 88 He RR A4-0 Zech ee (3) ROR) AR FHS + by tH + Vasls ~(Ly4S,)"HY- (V4 G)HF-Q,=0 (4-30) (4) PRARSP RMA (S) Hy EK Yq -1=0 aap My -1=0 (4-22) SFE 4—10(0) Sia) N SORA, PTS th N20 +3) Mae ER BOL ASE A5 Jy AA PS MESH Fy #2481. 4.2.2.2 BBM RAPER KA, SIE DS ERICH LL HO ATE I PE, PO BK RS HH, ARSE AE FE AN Ae A Ky = Ke(Ty Bj us s Ber Inv Ie) (4-33) RAR Sarat 89 Hy =H (Ty Bys dno" Ie) (4-34) Hy = Hy (Ts Dya epee) (4-35) A HOES We OE WEEE HATS RR. HT KH," PAE (4—28) ~ (4—30) FARA, HLA MESH Fy FRE — SPREE IR A 4.2.2.3 Hylis RARER REE RAA PERE AR HT FE aL Ds AR AN A SARE RE CE 2 AR, ME ER, BRUTE SF OTK, TEAS INHER BAN ROE HBA AR a BE A WENERGS, KOE ITTH EA E 4.3 PRAT SME MIT AD ABA 4.3.1 RAE MESH ABA BRE anc eR ARR EALRE ERE MESH i BAL, LID MESH Jr BEAL COE ER HRI RAS SAE RM MESH WAITRESS RES ATH. (1) MESH —MREEX M7 BA, — MLM AR, BF RES AL HALLS FEROKA TERT LA. WARMER BA, EAE FRA. AUCH SLL (EAU AEB OREK, ORI LAPD RIEL (2) ARTIS AOA BE BR A TP A i a DAPERKAHESAR AREER AGEN ESR) AK, CAR ERA FARRAR ATI MATT ERLE, ANF US RRR AP OR Be OHS FAK CH TERE. ASMA Ne, OE RP PEE HOARE HORT A HM (3) BEADLE EAD a AAS A TT SR A ER BR, Pe APSARA De Bs — Fo FA EE Te A ORBEA Fh FG HR FB AE 4.3.2 PARADE RANE A BI JK 20 EE 50 AERA LIK, ESE RB POL EOS NTT SHB Bee FE At HHATRADBREANMEA STR, MRSA HAL WA PERU AUBLHT RUD. SEAM RUE AY SOE HORI, TEL AC BE A KOSH RUA EMEBAD BHA AK, WR 41 Hi. 90 a te Re Rs) FRAT OTE WIE | Lovie Mahon (LM) 57 HH | Tide Coli TO RRR | een | Maat | MURR) ITE semis | sorte | meimm(sAyyee SAF | te eth —Tamoeh 37H ‘wit | Unga | Napali Sahl BY ARIE (NS-SC) 3 | Cso97t& [atin RIE (GS-80) tk | SPARS AT ATR MRE SPEAR DSA Jot stew Bah FER eR eihit i Bi A’ Shit a AERRAS HEH SRR SES EAR ASH MESH J RL EE eR EL PERATURE. SRE ATT SRL PEAR AS MESH Jr BEAL EEAT MATH, CORPERATKAANRE DADA, HERAT UAT ERA 2 FE IIR PE APR OR A A I ET PH — FE SUE MESH 25 BELARUS AERA T Fr BREE EBRD A OB WEARER WAT RHEL AGREE OR FT. TER UOR AP AB ARAMA, TPC YEE URS ANE ROCA SR RET ASB TA A SER, BISA HY MESH EISBN ik. HURON, A Py VE AERA S ABCA MESH Jy BEALS OH Be UB ER MESH 2 SANT. HRT IIMA A FET FBP LH TR PO RMT ER, MUN CHK. 4.4 BRISA 4.4.1 EGHAM Fy MAK, HEI MESH Dy REEF IH RT 25 TSR SBT A AE MEL A EE EH fe MESH T7841 HARON A ok. REBT BE a RE PRA A BARRA MUR. BM AR ET TE Bit BPEMUDAB: (1) Thicle-Geddes (NG) Fy ¥(1933) 3 Fide THEE (2) Lewis-Matheson (LM) 73: (1932) ,i8 2 Fi (7 BH SRITH Hae Sanne ot FSU TG FAL LM HiT RE A He EL A BE A , LE RR FA. 1963 4F Holland “A SEiH 18 AK" BMC TRH Hk, ETT AEE RETR. HUERTA ERT AK JES TO REAM LM tk. SB oe BUTI ERO: | SP Yay CMB (1) HAHBAS BRB RE, Bowit 2 ; 5.2.x, “4, 2A SABE: 3 (2) KH F RRMA EAE HTS A PBL SMS G) EA LAGATS REN SRM, A SLO LILES. fo FUL CTA TEOCMCERES Bb. nit 4.4.2. Lyster BEERS 1G HME i | Na 4.4.2.1 PR BN RT A Pt 411 Bi ye 0,0, AERA, F AOE TA Ly -Boy, ty AUN D ALB SUA OIEER. " Lyster BEN TG Ja ET SCH BLS Se -1 RUR FURBO AP ARAL 1 = a5) (4-36) 1, = x, (4-37) d, = xD (SERRE) a = ynD (RRS EERE) b= 1B (4-38) EUR P DAA RKAT 4 ARAF S, RAT BRA : Aah (4-39) S,= p22 (4-40) 4.4.2.2 Hit H 1 HS ATC rE MRE ARH BEA A AH FFE RANE S MOLE Ml: 2 A a (1) BEA AARNE EA 7, SAU ACA HS A HK Hn; (2) BERNIE AACR SIA, ER AR AL (3) HHT 4, HMR 5, A980. 2 ALLA EAR “EE MIRRBL SLANE REF GRP ARE MEARE A FN OE SR ALA RATT REIL. (1) BERBER ado, Howe Boa, (4-41) (2) SARE: RT OLR yebastdi He FT gate (4-42) 3) BANTER CANTER) ea (4eo) j=23veufel (4-4) SHH FR wit: Pe (4) ORE FALE BABB HE f— 1 ore ne. 3 RRR RARE HEAL RP RRS HS TS AL HE De PEAT HEE AE (1) HPGRBA tas = Sle HEBER ees (4-44) (2) MARAE: HRT rn Bi HE lees = Oa +B, HORE toe (4-45) 3) PRUANLADER BAER) fectt = 5.1 me NWN-Lyf (4-46) (4) HABA LALA ARBRE sR etek RAE Sara RE 93 MAR SRAM ERET? MAL A RRR RAH, RRR H EE BBL TE HS CHE, BOA, AB SS SP ES STS BP YS {EL ANE 4—2 DTA o ROPE AR BAT BFE BLISS DAUR IG IB HS LA TH PANES ARS RNA RRE ARR, R42 TCHR ERM wee eae OER BAR | iy = Ary eR | ewe | Boat ALE |e OR / OH LI one re ef HBR | . PMT ALTE | RAR LAL AT But Ef 1 RRM ya/d, Bk 4.4.2.3 BARROS PRET 1 REM ARZ ATH ORBEA f— 1 MAAN REIL ATT RS f— 1 RO HADES 1,0 WRN RARR ATH, Al FAY. / ds) 5 Uj 1,7 b,) AEE SE, HAS SO AEH (1) UERHLHMRAS. ALINUE FE ATBUEB IT {ta wRa salut Fn | fe anztntly i=L2e (447) Ftp wh Ve ENA OER MA 4-12 BAR yew fi (2) Hh f= 1 SER A, PRY 4—13( 0) mt da bo Fae EG neo whe atin shat a 94 th te RR 1a 4, Slt (a) HH Ye bag a-13 ART FUL dA (2)(2) (ME) ae ay edt hat alee wi (s2)(&) +(2)(E) +(e) fae RaW sretnt heat at i (8) sez) (en Fens) , (le "8 2 (a + le #) (e+) (3) oh fk EBD 4130) 4 FH og = Uni bs BEL 0, A 4s att 4 (449) (4) SOSA RZ HA ORAL) » (ae) (2) Zz ([s) rel) (4-50) b; ay R450) ei SE IR EAL EZ HE C8 ) eB TA (Open DFU / BZA EST SEB C4 UCD}, /B,) SEERE RAE SuAMMMRRHE 95 Bi TAH SRS SI BT BA A HE Z He ( B,/d, Jog FR CA RAE RA RHBHAZAR. MUR A HAR ALER op, = 0, Un = an RAR (4—50)18 (4-51) BOR ARUN, Ip = 04 05 = an ALAR (4-508 * ( a (4-52) 384-50) ,50(4—S1) AIK (452) HERA R AH ALAR. HAE (4—50) ~ (4— 52) HE A a RAH SIA Uy, /d, VC 07 1.7,» EA BEER, HEH (4d, ex 2 PRET E aN ee tad, +b; VL (dq =—# vt, H Wa=(ala), DR BLAY 7 VALS ESCA RE A hh ER HY (dg ABA ET AB Vax th, DP RHE. RUA AR BEM (cd, ) c HHPAT BRIE /BETELEDN (dono SERS UAE SH oo =D i 4.4.2.4 PwRRHRE—O AK HUES RIE ATTIC Cd.) og AUF O De RAO ETE LE Fy (dion = (4-53) HAA MRERK 6 (GH EO BR 96 A Mit a (io D= 0 JWT HED 0, TENN MS 8 fame (9) = x ied ) a 4, laa Tro) T ) ] ‘AUREL RIOR 0, Ok EAR UEDI 0" Ue ICRA O°? ‘ae gin (8) Be GY 1 0 <0 WME METRE, 0! — 0" | ce Mik. HBL SR ABE RI filo, = 0" FLAT -D=0 HBHOY (8)=- ia _ oral), (4-54) ()0=6(F) (Bo (4-55) 44.2.5 TEER BRED 1 RRS TE (a) wimps mamas), j=1, 25 5 JL ARREARS RA BEAR a) 9 VEY A _ Oy/d) doo (4-56) S/d) (dco (2) sepia rneie RRA). m= Ny, Wm Ls yf AUT BRIER OR (bo DLE A ANE, me { 1g/ bi) (i doo (4-57) Dn /b:) (Boo 2 AES ATH (1) HB p, Bag EA BERD RT RA TE 7, APP K ASE YR yp 0 RAE Sea eta HE 7 (2) BRAY pT; 5%, A y, BART He RH ALI AHS HY HT j= 1, 2, + 3. BARRED TR LFA PRES FET HE S10 OR aE AB AE A A. 1) Ft BEM Qc = V2( Hy - Hh) (4-58) ermovrcrnni POM We joo, 3,0, p59) SANE H BONOH ABTS 1. 2) eR ARB Qn = DH; + BH, + Qc - FHp (Co) _ BUH - Hs) + Qe SRI Va = SRO MTR: hOGA BH Lo 4.4.2.6 aA SR SS NE RG Ze BELAY 7, VK ETRE H, ABW SOUL. WOAH ITS SRL a AR TS YD ALE BB [dda D| fA (3)0 RAE Sarees Hh 101 4 RS RRA NAMRE RR RRS EN RAMEE SD laf-agi 8 Hoey Pees af - af FAW Ax, = Ad/D Ang = Ab/B, Ih. Ab = - Ad, hd _¥Ab_ sp RAE A a aah a ay sD Tad pAb= xf - a > d{% +) =a}? sp METAR LR, ag =F T= Le (4-15) ii (475) REBATE FUCA ARLE 7, UAE VANE SS BRT fii xP 527 KEIRA, (AKL, NFER BION Z BLAS CHT A I TA ABIL AEALAY ALA ANS UC BRIE MBO 07 5 af SUVA 0 4 PERE AUN (475) TAAL TERE , OTE RT KLAR EMR tos ah ta aR SEAL, AHEAD =0. Abt Mad, =0 ERA MPA —15) HAN HO BEIE Ad (A, RLM BRIB IE. Bonner HX: (1) Pa SORTER ECS 19 IRB A AFP EAT BEE, FPR 1 SE i SW ms (2) REFS MR AE HY DEAT RRSP RIE, BUTEA ABE. SEP BRE A= -Ad, i=1,2,4¢ 4.4.3.6 RAAB EIR EGR Ts TF ASE GARE BCE OR A EASES TP Ly SRE I PUNE, I LR A a AIM PME 7, UAE VY SEL Z J, AY DAE a ae A AE BAT Phone LEAT , SAB SHA BL AH HS EA IB HAF HASRAIE, \xf-aglse i= 1,2,75€ (4-16) SRP eS NAAR 4.5 QHRRADANSTRBT BDA 4.5.1 HER Ze EERE, BD MESH ERP AJR Dy ES 1 TA SUREHIA KIRA, FT WLBT RS ARR A HO SO FLG ARP ASE REDD, UT DLA} MESH RAL TP, J AL SFPRAW SLA SOREL TR. YR MR — TT H RSM IYR IEA SHE TT BE RSE LSB IF EAI PB AT ST SyENT AIA U5 ARP AB UCIPUESR Ay BS Fl 5 A AAC RRL BIL 4.5.2 SRR 4.5.2.1 MESH FH PK Bes PER SHELBY WERE MESH Jy BSE ON BAB SP (1) MARAE HBA LEER, (2) SHVBEAN H RRA Hi SH RAE Sars MRE 105 4.5.2.2 ME Le ade ¥5 E 5 FE(4—28)1RA M (429) Hy, AB) ME Dyer ~ Uy +S) + KV + GY] + Ka Martine = — Fe i=l, j=1,2,-,N (4-77) ESR PHY Ky LB Vj ARAM, HES PO, 2 AB AL OR TBR A HR , HLL BO MERHT EA. REE TV ea RE EE. CRE L,=V,-(W +5) (4—78a) 1 =Vjart (Fa GS) - Vy J=2,3y N= 1 (418) a ’ Ly= N(R - GS) - Vs (4~18c) VGA AN L, Jed PTDL AGAR ATS KIA HBR 477) 2 ee DRM MEHR ME RIMEL, SHES} 1,8 (4-7) ALN AE £ Agana + Bytg + Gotpeng = Dp J= 120 N (4-79) Seem IN Fe 4 R44 MESH ARMA REM RL Ay By & Dy jst Ce eee Kas ° Ij= 1 ROKRCRAA BE x HEEL. ky = qv =q-Pajas G=N-1 N-2ed 4.5.2.4 asia ARH AGHYD MES a BBL HO SEBS 7, AV, POR PBDI, AAR FAR RAE Sea aaa Rat 107 SBM NDE, BRAG SA ATES BEAR RL MORE ET RAL 7A VUEATBGIE HE 7, VATE EL, FP RT AL Sy FEA He Fy EFT OT HE A AT LA, 1 RRA HPT SURAT I PCR ANA PTFE A APH HAL DSTA De (1) #2897 (Bubble Point method, BP 27%), AIH SFr BEBCIE MIE 7, AFA H-77 BERR ERR 1 SESE BIE-SOto RCE, RL A BOO PH, (2) HMA Ws (Sum-Rates method, SR ATH), AH S-BAHN V, AVA BBE BEEVASE 1, SAF ORE Dai SRE PP I TA 2. RIERA He SH EEE HS PET A TEAS, CEE 7, AO VET BRIE, BA Tomich WH SATE A A Ae A EE OT 4.5.3 Ri BP) 4.5.3.1 Bek 1958 4: Amundson & Pontinen HEH 7 HL.% (BP) i]-S 253, ERR AYA ws CER Sa RUA RH FATE 7,55 SH RAMUS AAA SRR AE AY TiAl TP RAYS V5 Hee BARD, RAED BY VAL FE RTH 4.5.3.2 TRAE BP HT (1) ht S-ARBREIE 7, ALBEE AEs (2) FH HDT RERETE, VAY URAC ABARAT SAT FE A POT RH 413 Bia. 1 ALS | — RH TR Fe WAy Re URE (ONE AETT wL LO 4—13 PHL FP YA BTA (1) CERRY SCAR AIEEE VF AEP OR, EO T-AE aL RIE TBO. Hh PRE YO TOR AN, JULIE RATE Tif (2) SRUEAS ERECT, ED VEER RA BEN UAE VAHL. WR VS AY V,° IMEL ALAN AEABL BV, SNC SCRE Rv SBE VPS RHA, VRC, Saat HEA LI RLY, ©. HR AAA 108 a fe RL V;° Aiea aS TOS OE) KW ME LAG SK, BRS ME EA, FOR ERHER. FFAS REE: (1) RRS HEHE: (2) HEM LARK; (3) ROE AR BS at GBR RHE PA SB LEAS OEH , BOAR AR PRE (ROTA ELM SH SD SE LN RA FILE A OE REEMA BERNE RA ER NM 2 SCRA IF 3S TP RA Ht HH FAW TE A RP AL SE RIVE 7, A ARE AAR V,, EEA SON EU 4-13 PRC" AT HY RTA 4 FORTH BH BRE: (1) HELE; (2) ThE R REE AAZE. BEM, TL, GENK gr VF re MENA MEARE, Lila x, =%)/D 2, Vp 2K phy 8,2 Dy TEIN emt BH ALTOS 7B) RARIOT AK, edt N Wn Ky xy HHH HS, SHR, RUBY, HEEL, SRA, 7) =) po wader en 4-13 CBP) ATE RAE Sica Rt 109 4.5.3.3 HHPR 1 BSR RARE AR ME T4989) BAAR x;, SSSA MAAR x; EMT HAAR y, = Kia, PREM y, AMEND, BD S431), AE SHEE HA TLE AYE GABE 7, BANE, ROT HL ATT OR NF TURD HEE KAR GA FS LEAT BT SE AY KARL HB ME Ty 2A WOR ARM ETRE. WN ET, CE, BOE SHE A Fon THERE, BU 4—13 PAE. MPA ER FNS ACEI HT AE MEANT FE — ARR BEE AE TO AT SE A DETERS. 2 RRR HE BEER RUSS He AP OE 7 ES A TA I Myth HY HS. WRAL VA TRL OR ER Fa, BUA HDi Bo HERI SER (4-88) HLA HF (430) 1 Oi Gel HCA G-8)- Vi] ape SY Sut + GS Rae + Va He —OF>F 7 — mn Hye - 4; j=1,2 -1 (4-81) HERS SERGE (481) STR Vo BV, 5 BORE HELV, aIEA BONY, — Vj) Vl (¢ Jar « x(ae “avy SBHAS bs a ASHORE 0 BO BH,“*? =0, SRL 3( SSF ane + 3S 3 (Save = - EHS (4-94) a a OV ETRE AERC, rE) MEH, G= (ES, *,-ESy, 71 ESB Jacobian PT] Eh Broyden THEIEERE A T SARE, Cer M wee m= J ‘AZ=MG,_AZAAT, ~~, ATy, AV, >, AYA) MRAMREGT 1, 1=740T 54-4488, Jot Te VLE BRE SF EK J F4-15 Tomich FIR HEEL (3) #8 (4-93) AM 4—-94) AIF N EAE TT ES A Bak Smemmnni Ms ES; ES; BES\” a ES\? ar, Oly OV; Oy i i i : |fari?] 7 - esi? aes? as? aks? aks? || i or, Oly av, avy are ~ ES agH\? ogni? ogni abn? |] avi? |) - za? ar, aty "eV, oy i): : i i i i av? ~ EH® EHY’ EH’ ER? EH" ‘ . ar, aly OV, Vy KR Biaz® =6® (4-95) she. az —on prorat AZ = (AT, ATY AVY AV ANY + AVy)" GC? —2N BDI nt G = (~ ES\P yo, — BSW? ~ BH}? yo, ~ BH? 2N x 2N Bt Jacobian HEE B17 Fete PRB (RE RAPE (4-95) 18 Az =(B]'G® PLATA AT, AAV,” f= 1,200 He LAD LH a AL aT +A, ye 2 ay? SUP st BEB, -1

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