DeThiThu.Net - Thi Th i H c - THPT Qu c Gia - Ti Li u n Thi.C p nh t h ng ngy!

CC DNG TCH PHN V CCH TNH

P ( x)
A - TCH PHN HM PHN THC: Dng
Q( x)
Dng 1: Bc ca t ln hn (hay bng) bc ca mu:
Cch gii: Ta thc hin php chia a thc cho a thc
2 x 2 + 3x + 5
1 1
19
V d 1: I =
x2
dx = 2 x + 7 +
x2
dx = (x 2
+ 7 x + 19 ln | x 2 |) |10
0 0
De
b
1
Ch : I = dx (Rt quan trng trong tch phn hu t)
a
ax + bx + c
2

1 A B
TH1: Mu c 2 nghim. t = + gii ra tm A, B
ax + bx + c x x1 x x2
2

1 1
1 1
V d 2: I = dx = dx .
0
x + 3x + 2
2
0
( x + 1)( x + 2)
Lm ngi nhp:
Th
1 A B A( x + 2) + B( x + 1) ( A + B ) x + 2 A + B A+ B = 0 A =1
= + = =
( x + 1)( x + 2) x + 1 x + 2 ( x + 1)( x + 2) ( x + 1)( x + 2) 2 A + B = 1 B = 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Khi I = 2 dx = dx = dx = ( ln | x + 1| ln | x + 2 |) |0
1

0
x + 3x + 2 0
( x + 1)( x + 2) 0
x +1 x + 2
TH2: Mu c 1 nghim. Phn tch ax 2 + bx + c = a ( x x0 ) . Tnh trc tip
2
iTh
1 1
1 1
1 1
V d 3: I = dx = dx = |0
0
x + 4x + 4
2
0
( x + 2) 2
x+2
b
2
b
TH3: Mu v nghim. Phn tch ax + bx + c = a x + 2 . t x + = 2 tan t
2

2a 4a 2a 4a
1 1
1 1
V d 4: I = dx = dx
0
x + 4x + 7
2
0
( x + 2) 2
+ 3
2 3
t x + 2 = 3 tan t dx = 3(1 + tan 2 t )dt . i cn x = 0 t = Arc tan , x = 1 t = Arc tan
u.N

3 3
arctan 3/ 3 arctan 3/ 3 arctan 3/ 3
1 1 1 1 arctan 3/
khi I = + = + = =
2 2 3
.(1 tan t ) dt .(1 tan t ) dt dt t |arctan 2/
arctan 2/ 3 ( 3 tan t ) 2
+ 3 arctan 2/ 3
3(tan 2
t + 1) arctan 2/ 3
3 3 3

1 1
c bit: + I = dx . t a tan t = x + I = dx l dng TH1 (a > 0)
x +a2
x a
2

1
1
V d 5: a) I = dx . t x = 5 tan t . Gii hon ton tng t V d 4
0
x +5
2

1 1
et

1 1
b) I = dx = dx . Gii tng t V d 2
0
x 5
2
0 ( x 5)( x + 5)

Dng 2: Mt s php bin i thng dng (phi nh tng dng v cch bin i)
(ax + b) n ax + b ax + b
n
1
+ I = n+2
dx = . dx . T y t t =
(cx + d ) cx + d (cx + d )
2
cx + d
3
(2 x + 3)3 2x + 3 2x + 3 10
1 1
1
V d 6: a) I = dx = . dx . t t = dt = dx
0
(4 x + 1) 5
0 4 x + 1 (4 x + 1) 2
4 x + 1 (4 x + 1) 2

1
DeThiThu.Net - Thi Th i H c - THPT Qu c Gia - Ti Li u n Thi.C p nh t h ng ngy!
Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

( x + 2)5 (5 x 2) 2
1 1
* Tng t: 1/ I = 2/ I =
0
(3 x 5)7 0
(3 x + 1) 4

Tham gia ngay! Group N THI H TON - ANH: Facebook.com/groups/onthidhtoananhvan

b) p dng phng php trn:

1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
I = dx = dx = . . dx
(2 x + 3) (4 x + 1)
3 5
0 2x + 3
3
0 2x + 3
3
(4 x + 1) (4 x + 1)2
6
De
.(4 x + 1)
0 8

4x +1 4x +1
t t =
1 2.(2 x + 3) (4 x + 1) 1 2x + 3
1 6 1 6
1 1 1 1
= . .
3 . dx = 3 6
.2. 1 . dx
0 2x + 3
5 4x + 1 (4 x + 1)
2
0 2x + 3
5 4 x + 1 (4 x + 1) 2

4x + 1 4x +1
2x + 3
4x +1
Th
1 1
1 1
* Tng t: 1/ I = dx 2/ I = dx
0
(3 x + 4) 3
(3 x 2) 7
0
(2 x 1) 3
(3 x 1) 4

V d 7: Cc php bin i hay

1 x 2 ( x 2 3)dx 1 x2 3 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3
dx dx x2 x
a) I = 3
x 3x 1 x( x 2 3) 3 1 x( x 2 3)
=
3 1 x( x 2 3) x( x 2 3) 3 1 x 2 3 1 x dx
= = dx = dx
1
iTh
+ I1: t t = x2 - 3 + I2: ln|x|
3 3
dx dx
* Tng t: 1/ I = 9 2/ I =
1
x + 3x5 1
x + 3x
6

1 x (x + k) xm + k
b b m m b b
dx xm
Tng qut: I = n m
x ( x + k ) k a x n ( x m + k )
= dx = n m dx n m dx
a a
x (x + k) a
x (x + k)
1 1
3 1+ 1+ 2
x2 + 1
3 3
2
x dx = x 1
b) I = 4 dx = dx . T y t t = x ( bc u chia cho x2)
u.N

1
x +1 1 x2 +
1 1
1 ( x )2 + 2
x
x2 x
x 1 x2 1
3 2 3
* Tng t: 1/ I = 4 dx 2/ I = 4 dx
1
x + 1 1
x 5 x 3
4 x 2
5 x + 1

BI TP TCH PHN HM HU T

x3 + 1 3x 2 + 3x + 3
1 3 2
dx
1/ I = 3 2/ I = 3/ I =
et

dx dx dx
0
x 5x 2 + 6 x 2
( x + 2)( x 1) 2 1
x( x 3 + 1)
3x + 1 3x + 1
1 1 3
x3
4/ I = dx 5/ I = dx 6/ I = dx
0
( x + 2)( x + 1) 0
( x + 1)3 0
x2 + 1
4 3 2 3 3
3x x dx
7/ I = dx 8/ I = dx 9/ I = x+x dx
3
x 3x + 2
2
1
( x + 1) 2
0
3

Tham gia ngay! Group N THI H TON - ANH: Facebook.com/groups/onthidhtoananhvan

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 2

 Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

2 1 1
dx dx x5
10/ I = dx 11/ I = dx 12/ I = dx
1
x + x3
5
0
x +1
3
0
x2 + 1
(3 x 5)
1 1 7 2
x 1
13/ I = dx 14/ I = dx 15/ I = dx
0
(1 + 2 x)3 0
(1 + 2 x)9 0
( x 1)( x + 1)( x + 3)

DeThiThu.Net - Thi Th i H c - THPT Qu c Gia - Ti Li u n Thi.C p nh t h ng ngy!

De
Th
iTh
u.N
et

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 3

B TCH PHN CA HM S LNG GIC
www.Dethithu.Net
b
Dng 1: I = sin n x.cos m xdx
a

+ Nu n hoc m l: t hm s di m chn bng t (Tc l sinx = t hoc cosx = t)

+ Nu n, m cng l: t t = sinx hoc t = cosx u c
1 cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x
+ Nu n, m cng chn th dng cng thc h bc: sin 2 x = , cos 2 x =
2 2
De
Dng 2: I = f [cos x].sin xdx - Hm s ta c th a ht v cosx v ch cn li sinx l phn d sau
(cch nhn dng l s m ca sinx l). t t = cosx.
Cc php bin i:
A1 = sin 3 x = sin 2 x.sin x = (1 cos 2 x) sin x
Tng qut ln sin 2 k +1 x.cos batki x = sin 2 k x.cosbatki x.sin x = (1 cos 2 x) k .cosbatki x.sin x (nhn dng: sinx m
l)
Th
1 s inx s inx s inx
A2 = 2 k +12k +2
=
= k +1
=
sin x sin 2
x (sin x) (1 cos 2 x) k +1
A3: Hm s c cha sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x

4
sin 2 x 4
1 2
sin 2 x + sin x
p dng: 1/ I = dx 2/ I = dx 3/ I = dx
0
3sin 2
x 4 sin x + 1 0
sin 3
x 0 cos x + 3
Dng s 3: I = f [sin x].cos xdx - Hm s ta c th a ht v sinx v ch cn li cosx l phn d
iTh
sau (cch nhn dng l s m ca cosx l). t t = sinx
Cc php bin i:
A1 = cos3 x = cos 2 x.cosx = (1 sin 2 x)cosx
Tng qut ln cos 2 k +1 x.sin x batki x = cos 2 k x.sin xbatki x.cos x = (1 cos 2 x) k .sin x batki x.cos x (nhn dng: cosx
m l)
1 cos x cos x cos x
A2 = 2 k +12k +2
=
= k +1
=
cos x cos 2
x (cos x) (1 sin 2 x)k +1
A3: Hm s c cha sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x
u.N

4 4
1 2
sin 2 x + cos x
p dng: 1/ I = sin 2 x.cos5 xdx 2/ I = dx 3/ I = dx
0 0
cos x 0 sin x + 3
Dng s 4: I = f [sin 2 x, cos 2 x].sin 2 xdx - Hm s cha sin 2 x, cos 2 x v sin2x tch ri ra
Cch bin i: t t = f [sin 2 x, cos 2 x]
- Ch : + (sin 2 x) ' = sin 2 x, (cos 2 x) ' = sin 2 x
1
+ i khi ngi ta khng cho sin2x m cho sinx.cosx ta bin i sinx.cosx = sin 2 x
2
et

/2
sin 2 x
V d 8: a) I = 1 + cos x dx .
0
2
Ta nhn thy hm s c cha cos2x v sin2x

dt
t t = 1 + cos 2 x dt = sin 2 xdx dx = . i cn: x = pi/2 th t = 1, x = 0 th t = 2
sin 2 x
1
sin 2 x dt
Khi : I = = ln | t ||12 = ln 2
2
t sin 2 x

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 4

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

/2
sin 2 x

2 2
b) I = dx . Ta nhn thy hm s c cha ng thi sin x, cos x v sin2x
0 cos x + 4sin x
2 2

2tdt
t t = cos 2 x + 4 sin 2 x t 2 = cos 2 x + 4sin 2 x 2tdt = ( sin 2 x + 4 sin 2 x)dx dx = .
3sin 2 x
i cn: x = pi/2 th t = 2, x = 0 th t = 1
1
sin 2 x 2tdt 2 2
Khi : I = = t |12 =
2
t 3sin 2 x 3 3
1 1
De
Dng 5: I = f (tan x). 2 dx - Hm s cha mnh tanx v tch ri ra
cos x cos 2 x
Cch bin i: t t = tanx
/4
(tan x + 1) 2
V d 9: a) I = 0 cos2 x dx
1
t t = tan x dt = 2 dx dx = cos 2 x.dt . i cn x = 0 t = 0, x = / 4 t = 1
cos x
(t + 1)
1 2 1
Th
7
Khi : I = 2
.cos xdt = (t + 1)2 dt =
2

0
cos x 0
3
Nhng thi khng cho mt cch n gin vy, c ngha l mnh phi qua cc php bin i mi
1
nhn dng c ch lc u cha thy c mnh tanx v (yu cu k nng v lm nhiu)
cos 2 x
/4
sin 2 x
b) I = dx . Mi nhn vo ta thy c tanx nhng c thm sin 2 x, cos 4 x . Ta s
cos x(tan x - 2 tan x + 5)
4 2
iTh
/ 4

c gng tm cch a v ng dng, v d sau ta s thy iu :

/4 /4
sin 2 x sin 2 x 1
I=
/ 4
cos x(tan x - 2 tan x + 5)
4 2
dx =
/ 4
4
. 2 dx
cos x tan x - 2 tan x + 5
/4 /4
sin 2 x 1 1 2 1 1
= . . 2 dx = tan x. . 2 dx
/ 4
cos x cos x tan x - 2 tan x + 5
2 2
/ 4
cos x tan x - 2 tan x + 5
2

/4
tan 2 x 1
= . dx
tan x - 2 tan x + 5 cos 2 x
u.N

2
/ 4

T bi ny ta c th tng qut c rng c s m ca sin trn t nh hn s m ca cos di

mu l ta tch nh vy
Ch : Cc php bin i thng dng a v dng ny
1 1 1 1 1
A1 = 4
= 2
. 2
= (1 + tan 2 x). 2
. T y lm cho thy ???
cos x cos x cos x cos x cos 6 x
Tng qut ln cosx m chn ta s gii quyt c ht bng cch ny (Nu cosx m l ta cng gii
quyt c bng A2 dng 3)
1
A2 = ta s chia c t v mu cho cos2x
et

a sin x + b sin x.cos x + c cos 2 x + d

2

1/ cos 2 x 1 / cos 2 x
= =
sin 2 x sin x.cos x cos 2 x d a tan 2 x + b tan x + c + d (1 + tan 2 x)
a + b + c +
cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 5

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

1 1
A3 = = (Chia c t v mu cho
asinx + b cos x + c asin x cos x + b(cos 2 x sin 2 x ) + c(cos 2 x + sin 2 x )
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
co s 2 )
2
1 1
A4 = = 2 2 (phi dng A2 cha?)
(a s inx + bcosx) 2
a sin x + 2ab sin x cos x + b 2 cos 2 x
1 1 1
A5 = = = (Chia c t v mu
De
a + cosx a (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) + (cos 2 x sin 2 x ) (a 1)sin 2 x + (a + 1) cos 2 x
2 2 2 2 2 2
cho?)
1 1 1
A6 = = = (Chia c t v mu
a + sinx a (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) + 2sin x cos x asin 2 x + 2sin x cos x + a cos 2 x
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
cho?)
1 1
Th
Dng 6: I = f (cot x). 2
dx - Hm s cha mnh cotx v tch ri ra
sin x sin 2 x
Cch bin i: t t = cotx
/4
3cot x + 1 1
V d 10: a) I =


/6
2
sin x
dx . nu theo 1 cch my mc th thy hm s cha cotx v
sin 2 x
th ta

t t = cotx. Nhng nu tinh ta t nguyn cn bng t bi ton s n gin hn rt nhiu.

Khng tin hy th?
iTh
Cng ging dng 6 th rt t khi cho sn dng, m phi qua php bin i.
1 1 1 1 1
A1 = 4
= 2
. 2 = (1 + co t 2 x). 2 . T y lm cho thy ???
sin x sin x sin x sin x sin 6 x
A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 dng 4 ta c th gii quyt bng cch ny bng cch khng chia cho cos na m
ta s chia c t v mu cho sin. Th coi?
T y ta c nhn xt: hu ht cc bi tch phn ca hm lng gic m t s l hng s s c gii
quyt bng 2 cch dng 4 hoc dng 5.
asinx + b cos x + c
Dng 7: I = dx - Hm bc nht ca sinx, cosx chia hm bc nht ca sinx,cosx
u.N

a 'sin x + b 'cos x + c '

Hng gii quyt: T = asinx + b cos x + c = A(a 'sin x + b 'cos x + c ') + B(a 'cos x b 'sin x) + C
/2
sin x + 7 cos x + 6
V d 11: I =
0
4 sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx

Ta phn tch t s:
sin x + 7 cos x + 6 = A(4sin x + 3cos x + 5) + B (4 cos x 3sin x) + C = (4 A 3B )sin x + (3 A + 4 B ) cos x + 5 A + C
4 A 3B = 1

Khi ta c h phng trnh: 3 A + 4 B = 7 (tc l ta cho h s sinx, cosx u bng cui)
et

5A + C = 6

gii h phng trnh ta c: A = 1, B = 1, C = 1
/2 /2
sin x + 7 cos x + 6 (4 sin x + 3cos x + 5) + (4 cos x 3sin x) + 1
Khi : I =
0
4 sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx =
0
4 sin x + 3cos x + 5
/2 /2 /2
4sin x + 3cos x + 5 4 cos x 3sin x 1
=
0
4sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx +
0
4 sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx +
0
4sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 6

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

/2 /2 /2
4 sin x + 3cos x + 5 4 cos x 3sin x
I1 =
0
4 sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx =
0
dx =
2
I2 =
0
4 sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx t t = mu
/2
1
I3 = 0
4sin x + 3cos x + 5
dx quay li A3 ca dng 5

MT S CNG THC LNG GIC THNG DNG TRONG TNH TCH PHN
1 / sin 2 x = 2 sin x.cos x 2/ cos 2 x = cos 2 x sin 2 x = 2 cos 2 x 1 = 1 2sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x
De
3 / sin 2 x = 4 / cos 2 x = tan 2 x =
2 2 1 + cos 2 x
3sin x sin 3 x 3cos x + cos 3 x
5 / sin 3 x = 6 / cos 3 x =
4 2
1 1
7/ 2
= 1 + tan 2 x 8/ 2 = 1 + co t 2 x
cos x sin x
1 1 1 3 1
9 / sin 4 x + cos 4 x = 1 sin 2 2 x = + cos 2 2 x = + cos 4 x
2 2 2 4 4
Th
3 5 3
10 / sin 6 x + cos 6 x = 1 sin 2 2 x = + cos 4 x 11 /1 + sin 2 x = (sin x + cos x) 2
4 8 8

CC CNG THC O HM QUAN TRNG

1 / (sin x) ' = sin 2 x
2
2 / (cos 2 x) ' = sin 2 x
1 1
3 / (tan x) ' = = 1 + tan 2 x 4 / (co t x) ' = = 1 + co t 2 x
iTh
2 2
cos x sin x

BI TP TCH PHN LNG GIC

/2 /2 /2
sin 2 x + sin x
1/ I =
0
sin x.cos x(1 + cos x) 2 dx 2/ I =
0
tan 3 xdx 3/ I =
0 1 + 3cos x
dx
/2 /2 3 /12
sin 2 x.cos x 4sin x
4/ I =
0
1 + cos x
dx 5/ I = 1 + cos x dx
0
6/ I =
0
tan 4 xdx
/2 /2 /3
cos3 x 3sin x + 4 cos x
u.N

7/ I = 8/ I = dx 9/ I = sin
2
dx x.tan xdx
0
1 + sin x 0
3sin 2 x + 4 cos 2 x 0
/2 /2 /2
sin 3 x cos 2 x
10/ I = 11/ I = 12/ I = e
cos x
dx dx sin 2 xdx
0
1 + cos 2 x 0
1 + cos x 0
/4 /2 /2
sin 2 x
13/ I =
0
(tan x + esin x cos x)dx 14/ I =
0
(esin x + cos x) cos xdx 15/ I =
0
4 cos 2 x
dx
/4 /4 /3
4 sin x 3
1 2 sin x 2
cos x
16/ I = 1 + cos
0
4
x
dx 17/ I =
0
1 + sin 2 x
dx 18/ I =
0 2 + cos 2 x
dx
et

/2 /2
cos x
19/ I = e 20/ I =
sin 2 x
.sin 2 xdx dx 21/
0 0 2 + cos 2 x
/2
I= sin 2 x(1 + sin
2
x)3 dx
0
/2 /2 /2
cos x sin x.cos3 x
22/ I =
0 1 + cos 2 x
dx 23/ I =
0
cos 2 x(sin 4 x + cos 4 x)dx 24/ I =
0
1 + cos 2 x
dx

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 7

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

/2 /2
sin 2 x sin 4 x
25/ I =
0
1 + cos 2 x
dx 26/ I = 1 + cos
0
2
x
dx 27/
/2
I= sin 2 x(1 + sin
2
x)3 dx
0
/2 /2 /2
sin 2 x sin x cos x 1
28/ I =
0 cos x + 4 sin x
2 2
dx 29/ I =
0 4 cos x + 9 s in x
2 2
dx 30/ I = 1 + tan x dx
0
/4 /4 /4
1
31/ I = 32/ I = tan 33/ I = tan
6 3
De
dx xdx xdx
0
cos 4 x 0 0
/4 /4 /6
dx sin 3 x tan 4 x
34/ I =
0
sin x + 2sin x cos x cos 2 x
2
dx 35/ I =
0
(tan 2 x + 1) 2 c os5 x
dx 36/ I =
0
cos 2 x
dx
/6 3 /2 /4
tan x 1 1
37/ I =
0
cos 2 x
dx 38/ I = 1 + sin 2 x dx
0
39/ I =
0
(sin x + 2 cos x) 2
dx
4 /3 /2 /2
1 dx 1
40/ I = dx 41/ I = 1 + cos x 42/ I = dx
Th
sin
x 0 0
2 cos 2 x
2
/2 /2 /4
1 3cot x + 1 1
43/ I = /4 sin 4 xdx 44/ I =


/4
sin 2 x
dx 45/ I =
sin
/6
2
x cot x
dx
/3 /2 cot x
1 e
46/ I =


/3
sin x + 92
cos 2
x
dx 47/ I =
sin
/4
2
x
dx 48/
iTh
/4
cos 2 x
I=
0
(sin x + cos x + 2)3
dx
/4 /2 /2
cos 2 x sin x cos x 1
49/ I =
0
sin x + cos x + 2
dx 50/ I =
/4 sin x + cos x
dx 51/ I =
1 + sin 2 x
/4
dx
/2 /3 /2
sin x + cos x sin x + cos x sin x cos x
52/ I =

/4
3
sin x cos x
dx 53/ I =


/4 3 + sin 2 x
dx 54/ I =


/4 1 + sin 2 x
dx
/2 /2
cos 2 x sin x cos x
55/ I = 56/ I =
u.N

dx dx
0
(sin x cos x + 3)3 /4 1 + sin 2 x
/2 /2 /2
sin 6 x sin 3 x sin x
57/ I = 6
/4 sin x + cos x
6
dx 58/ I = 3
/4 sin x + cos x
3
dx 59/ I =


/4 sin x + cos x
dx
et

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 8

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

C - TCH PHN HM V T (CHA CN)

www.Dethithu.Net
b
Dng 1: I = f ( x; x 2 k )dx - Hm s c cha x2 k
a

t2 + k
Hng gii quyt: t x 2 k = t x x 2 k = (t x)2 x 2 k = t 2 2 xt + x 2 x =
2t
1
x2
V d 1: I = dx . Nu t t = cn th vic gii s rt kh khn
De
0 x2 3
Khi ta s nh hng t x2 3 = t x
t2 + 3 t2 3
x 2 3 = t x x 2 3 = (t x) 2 x 2 3 = t 2 2 xt + x 2 x = dx = ( 2 )dt
2t 2t
2
t2 + 3
3+ 6 3+ 6 3+ 6
2t t 2 3 (t 2 + 3)2 2t (t 2 3) (t 2 + 3)(t 2 3)
I= . dt = . dt = dt
Th
t 2 + 3 2t 2 (2t ) 2 (t 2 + 3) 2t 2 (2t ) 2 .t
3
t 3 3
2t
n y ri vic gii tip dnh cho cc em!!!

Dng 2: I = ( x + a)( x + b)dx - Hm s c cha ( x + a)( x + b)

a+b
iTh
Hng gii quyt: t = x +
2
1
V d 2: I = ( x + 1)( x + 3)dx
0

1+ 3
t t = x + = x + 2 dt = dx , x + 1 = t 1, x + 3 = t + 1
2
3 3
I = (t 1)(t + 1)dx = t 2 1dx Hnh nh l quay v dng 1. hehe!!!
u.N

2 2

1
Dng 3: I = dx, a < b
( x a )( x + b)

Hng gii quyt: x = a + (b a) sin 2 t , (0 < t < )
2
dx = 2(b a ) sin t cos tdt
x a = (b a ) sin 2 t , x + b = (b a )(1 sin 2 t ) = (b a )cos 2 t
2(b a ) sin t cos t
I= dt = 2dt = 2t
et

(b a ) 2 sin 2 t cos 2 t
2
1
V d 3: I = dx
0 x 2 + 3x + 4
2 2
1 1
Ta s phn tch: I = dx = dx . Trnh by li gii cho thy.
0 x 2 + 3x + 4 0 ( x + 1)( x + 4)
Nhng nu phng trnh trong cn v nghim th chc chn cch ny s khng gii quyt c!!!!

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 9

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

Dng 4 I = f ( x; a x 2 )dx - Hm s c cha a x 2

Hng gii quyt: t x = a sin t

1
1
V d 4: I = dx . t x = 3 sin t , trnh by li gii tip. ..
0 3 x2
Ta quay li vi trng hp phng trnh trong cn v nghim, coi cch ny c gii quyt c
khng?
De
1
1
V d 5: I = dx ng l phng trnh trong cn v nghim v c h s a < 0
0 x 2
+ 2 x + 4
Th bin i: x 2 + 2 x + 4 = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 5 = 5 ( x + 1) 2
1 1
1 1
I = dx = I = dx . t x + 1 = 5 sin t th coi c khng?
0 x2 + 2 x + 4 0 5 ( x + 1)2
T t cu hi: v nghim nhng h s a dng bi ton s c gii quyt nh th no?
Th
Dng 5: I = f ( x; x 2 + a )dx

Hng gii quyt: s c 2 cch

Cch 1: t x = a tan t
Cch 2: t x 2 + a + x = t
1
1
V d 6: I =
iTh
dx
0 x +3 2

cch 1: t x = 3 tan t dx = 3(1 + tan 2 t )dt . i cn x = 0, t = 0: x = 1, t = / 6

/6 /6 /6 /6
3(1 + tan 2 t )dt 3(1 + tan 2 t )dt
1
1 1
khi : I = dx = = = 1 + tan tdt =
2
cosx dx = ???
0 x +32
0 ( 3 tan t ) 2 + 3 0 3(tan t + 1)
2
0 0

t2 3 t2 + 3
cch 2: t x 2 + 3 + x = t x 2 + 3 = t x x 2 + 3 = (t x)2 x = dx = dt
2t 2t 2
i cn: x = 0, t = 3 : x = 1, t = 3
u.N

t2 + 3 2t t 2 + 3
1 3 3 3
1 1 1
khi : I = dx = . dt = t 2 + 3. 2t 2 dt = t dt = ln t |
3
= ln 3
0 x2 + 3 3t
t 2 3 2t 2 3 3
3

2t
V d 7: th s khng cho sn nh trn, hoc ch l bc tnh cui cng ca 1 bi tch phn
1
1
I = dx - v nghim v h s a dng
0 x + 2x + 4
2

Ta c th bin i: x 2 + 2 x + 4 = ( x + 1)2 + 3
1 1
1 1
et

khi I = dx =
0 x + 2x + 4
2
0 ( x + 1) 2 + 3
cch 1: x + 1 = 3 tan t . Gii tip. ..
cch 2: ( x + 1) 2 + 3 + ( x + 1) = t . Gii tip.... (ta xem x + 1 nh l x trong v d 6)
1
Dng 6: I = dx
(a ' x + b ') ax 2 + bx + c

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 10

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

1
Hng gii quyt: t t =
a'x + b'
1 1
Dng 7: I = dx or dx
ax + b + ax + c ax + b ax + c
Hng gii quyt: nhn cho lng lin hp (nu cng nhn t v mu cho du tr v ngc li)
1
Dng 8: I = dx
xn xm + k
De
xm + k
hng gii quyt: t t = (cch ny s s dng rt hiu qu khi t t = cn khng c)
x
Tng kt li
- Hng th nht: t t = cn
- Hng th hai: t t =
x
- Hng th ba: da vo bng sau
Th
Du hiu Cch chn

t x = |a| sint; vi t ;
a2 x2 2 2
hoc x = |a| cost; vi t [0; ]
a
t x = ; vi t ; \ {0}
sint 2 2
iTh
x2 a2
a
hoc x = ; vi t [0; ] \
cost 2

t x = |a|tant; vi t ;
a2 + x2 2 2
hoc x = |a|cost; vi t ( 0; )
a+x ax
hoc t x = acos2t
ax a+x
u.N

( x a )( b x ) t x = a + (b a)sin2t
1
t x = atant; vi t ;
a + x2
2
2 2

BI TP TCH PHN HM V T
et

4 7 1
dx x3
1/ I = x x2 + 9
2/ I =
0
3
x2 + 1
dx 3/ I = x3 1 x 2 dx
0
7
3
3 3 4
dx dx dx
4/ I = (1 + x 2 )3
5/ I = x
1
33
2 x3
6/ I =
1 x(1 + x )
3/ 2
1
x 4 dx
4 6
dx dx
7/ I = 8/ I = 9/ I = .
1 x4 1 + x2 3 x + 4 + ( x + 4)3 4
x+2 x+2

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 11

Tch phn n thi i hc www.D E T H I T H U . N E T V Hu Quc

x4 x 1
6 3 2 16
11/ I = 3
dx dx dx
10/ I = 3 . . 12/ I =
4
x + 2 (2 x)2 2 x + 1 ( x 1)
2
1 x(1 + 4 x )
x + 2x
1 3 5 3 2 3
1
13/ I = x (1 + 4 x )5 dx 14/ I = dx 15/ I = dx
0 0 x +12
5 x x2 + 4
2 3 1
x4 x3
16/ I = dx 17/ I = dx 18/ I = x5 1 x 2 dx
0 x +1
5
0 x +1
2
0
9 2 2
De
dx dx
19/ I = x 3 1 xdx 20/ I = 21/ I =
1 1 x4 1 + x2 1 x 1 + x3
3/ 2 1 1
dx dx dx
22/ I =
2 x 1 x 2
23/ I =
0 ( x + 1) x + x +12
24/ ( 2x + 4)
0 x2 + 2 x
3 1 1
dx dx dx
25/ I= 26/ I= 27/ I =
0 x 2 -3x+2 0 x 2 +2x+1 0 x2 + x + 1
1 1 1
Th
dx
28/ I = 29/ I = x + x + 1.dx 2
30/ I = x 2 2 x + 3.dx
0 -x - 2x + 3
2
0 0
1 1
dx dx
31/ I = 32/ I =
0 3x + 1 + 3x + 6 0 2x + 4 2x + 9
iTh
u.N
et

www.DETHITHU.NET Facebook: facebook.com/dethithu.net 12