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Assem Chương 2
Assem Chương 2
Cc tn hiu ra:
+ H thng ca c cu CLK:
Mt chu k c hai fa 1, 2
fa 1 ng vi logic 1, fa 2 ng vi logic 0
H thng tri di t fa A n fa F
+ Pha B: bt u chu k c thng tin, trng thi pht thng tin v status: quy nh cc kiu
chu k my, cn thiu #S1, #S0 v trng thi #S1#S0 = 01, khng nh y l chu k my c
thng tin t b nh (chu k hin hnh).
+ Pha C (pha th 2 ca ts): tn hiu ALE phi c cung cp ngay, dng cht a ch vo
i tng, ch cn 1 pha cht.
Sau khi cht xong knh a ch c th ni t do -> cho chu k tip theo -> tng chu k
my ng k.
+ Pha D: pha u tin chu k thc hin lnh. l tn hiu #MRDC c pht ng (lnh
c), lnh c phi c nh hng, cho php ngay nn cc tn hiu DEN, DT/#R c pht
ng.
+ Pha F: pha u tin ca chu k sau, d liu c chuyn an ton vo ni nhn (v d: thanh
ghi vi x l)
+ Pha A: pha cui ca chu k my trc, thng tin v a ch c quy chiu s phi xc
nh, ng thi thng tin i tng c quy chiu M/#IO = 1, Cod/Intra = 1 xc nh.
+ Pha C: pha th 2 ca chu k hin hnh, d liu c, 16 bit tp kt trn knh d liu.
ALE cht a ch (cht xong a ch khng cn na v c th s dng chu k tip theo)
1: pht ng thm 1 tc na, kim tra tip. Thm tc l ch cho i tng cn ghi thng
tin.
+ Pha F: chu k my tip theo. Thu hi cc tn hiu iu khin v trng thi th ng.
a. Qun l a ch thc
80286 dng cp thanh ghi mng v thanh ghi offset (seg: offset) qun l khng
gian nh thc ca h vi x l. Khng gian nh thc cc i s ph thuc vo s bt
ca knh a ch m b vi x l dnh cho ch ny. a ch vt l s bng thanh ghi
mng dch tri 4 bt cng vi c gi tr ca thanh ghi offset.
S :
Phng php a ch ha
Trc tip: xc nh t segment:offset
Gin tip qua thanh ghi:
Seg:offset (SI, DI, hoc BX)
Nhim v khi d liu ln, php tnh phc tp, giao tip mi trng bn ngoi phong ph, do
phng thc a ch thc khng qun l c, c phng php qun l a ch mi:
+ Nng s bit a ch: cng ngh kh, d nng cao cng khng
-> i ti gii php: ton b khng gian nh phi nh x vo b nh bn trong trc khi thao
tc.
- C th:
C s :
C cu con tr: c 2 thnh phn
+ RPL( Request privilege level): mc c quyn yu cc khi truy nhp( IORL:thanh ghi c),
khi truy nhp ti nguyn bn trong s yu cu mc c quyn trnh tranh chp
(0,1,2,3) :s liu cng nh th mc c quyn cng cao
C 2 dng bng
13 bit cho php 213 mng nh ton cc v 213 mng nh cc b -> 214 mng nh s c
truy cp
Ton b: mi mng nh c 216 offset qut -> qun l c 214.216 = 230 = 1GB = 1024MB,
qun l c 1GB b nh, tha mn mi bi ton ln.
Trong khng gian ny c d liu cha (bit P quy nh) Stack hay bnh thng(do AR quy
nh).
Byte AR
B m t mng h thng.
Byte AR
Kiu c 2 bit, gi tr 0,1,2,3.
Kiu 1: tr vo mng cha TSS (Task State Segment) mng ny th ng.
Byte AR
Kiu: 0,1,2,3 tng ng vi gi, by, ngt, chuyn nhim v -> cho php kch hot
cc chng trnh trong h thng.
c. Cc thanh ghi h tr qun l ch a ch o
3 byte: nh v y, kt hp vi offset
2 byte: nh v nh
B vi x l x l tt c nhim v nn chy nh s di y
-
LDTR(GDTR) c gi tr xc nh nh v nh v vng RAM a ch xc nh. B chn
ti v tr hin hnh kt hp vi LDTR tham chiu vo (nhn vi 8) tr vo 8 byte b m
t mng i cn tm - > tm ra c b m t mng. Ton b thng tin y c sao chp
vo phn kn cc TG qun l trng trnh, y l c ch t ng. AR b m t mng i
s sao vo AR phn kn, k c a ch v kch thc.
Sau khi sao chp xong, t phn kn MP phn tch v thao tc -> truy cp tip vng va ly,
n kt hp vi thanh ghi offset.
+ Phng thc:
Thng qua ca giao dch chng ta s gia cng c RPL > CPL (cho php mc thp nn
ch dung ti nguyn mc cao hn), qui tc ca cc hacker
4. Khi ng h thng vi x l
- INTR b che