1 CHUONG 2 THIET BI DUN 1, Giéi thigu Nhiém vu chinh cia thié jin 13 tao nén dp sudt di lon dé day vat ligu Ju trac hinh hoc ctia khuén, tinh chat qua khuén. Ap sudt nay phy thude: 6 chay, dang chay cia vat ligu va t Plastics extrunder (thiét bi din nhya): di chuyén, bom nhya. Plasticating extrunder (thié jin gia céng): khéng chi van chuyén nhya ma cén lim nhuyén hogc néng chay vat ligu nhya. Vat ligu dang hat ran duge cdp vao thiét bj va dua nhya di néng chay dén khuén. ‘Thiét bj din nhya néng chay ma khéng lim chay nhya duge goi 1 melt-fed extrunder. 2. Cau tric may din Fig. 1. Pars of on extrader: A, seven 1, barrel sD, thermocouples, fed ‘hroatbopporsG, rat bearing H, goarteducar I, motor J deop anne fod ston, IK tapered chancel Sramsition ection; and L, shallow che! mctering seston 20) A: trye vit, B: than may dim (xylanh), C: thiét bij gia nhiét, D: dau do nhiét Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite2 E: hong cép liéu, Gu cap ligu, G: gidm Sp lye day, H: gidm téc bing banh rang, I: motor, J-ving ep ligu, K: ving nén, L: ving dy 3. Cac loai thiét bj din 3.1, Logi don trye vit Trong céng nghigp chit déo, c6 3 loi méy din chinh: dim true vit, din pitténg, va din tréng hay dia (it sir dung hon). Logi 2 trye, cling chiéu: Hai trye dt canh nhau, quay cing chiéu véi nhau (Co-rotating twin screw extrunder). Ding ¢ tc 46 cao 200 — 500 vong/phit (apm). Cac loai thiét bj mdi c6 thé dat tc 46 1000 - 1600 rpm. Fig. 2, A.conotating twin acvew extruder. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite8. Conical twin screw extruder: Loai hai truc nguge chiéu (counter-rotating twin screw extrunder) lam vige phy thuée vio img dung. Sir dung chi yéu dé phdi tron (compounding), chay & téc 46 200-500 rpm. Logi téc d6 thdp hay str dung hon, 10 — 40 rpm. Loai nguge chiéu c6 dic tinh van chuyén tt hon so véi loai cing chiéu. Mét dc tinh khac dé phan bigt may din 14 mite 46 Sn khép vo nhau (screws intermeshing) cia cdnh truc vit Théng thug, céc true vit xen vio nhau, Hai tryc vit khéng xen ké nhau c6 JD dat dén 100:1 uu diém 1A khong cé tiép xtic gitta kim loai-kim loai. TY hay cao hon. L/D cua trye vit xen ké nhau thug nhé hon 60:1. Mot nhuge diém cia loai hai truc khéng in khép nhau 18 kha nang tron bj han ché. May din kiéu pitténg: nhé pittténg tao mét lye day vat ligu di qua khuén (Fig.5). Logi nay 06 ving day ligu t6t, go duge 4p sudt cao. Nhuge diém 1a kha nang lam néng chay vat ligu thdp. Thiét bj cé thé hoat dong lién tuc, téc 46 day chuyén rit thap, tir 25-75 em/h, 3.3. Cac thinh phan cia thiét bj din 3.3.1, True vit Hinh try dai, 06 cdc cdnh xodn xung quan. Céc chite nang ctia truc vit - van chuyén, gia nhiét, nong chay va tron vat ligu nhya. BO én dinh cia qué trinh lim viéc, chat hrgng san pham phy thude nhiéu vao truc vit. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Diteere ee Peete ty Cac théng sé quan trong cia truc vit Chiéu dai true vit (L) khodng 15D — 30D; dudmg kinh D; chiéu sau rinh vit (h); Bé day ciia cénh vit (axial flight width); Bude vit (Pitch); Gée nghién cua cinh vit (Helix angle) Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh DiteFig, 4 Countersotating sees: (a) fly inermeshing;(b)patiallyintermeshing, and (eh nonintarmeshing tangent ~N. Die Evin product, Fig. 5. Schematic ofa ram extruder Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh DiteCompression Mataring section Fig. 6. A.single flighted extruder screw, 3.3.2. Than cia may din Cé dang hinh try. Bén trong duge phi vat ligu citg, chong mai mon. Trén than may, c6 céc 16 théng khi dé thoat cdc chat bay hoi cé trong nhyta - goi li qué trinh téch khi (devolatilization). Vi dy nhu téch Irong 4m trong nhya hit am, y Vials / Fewtopning “£3 ergo Tose son oY Fig. 7. A vented extruder barrel with a two-stage cerew, 3.3.3, Cap liéu B6 phan cp ligu duge ndi vao than may din. Hong cp ligu (feed throat) 6 hg théng nude 1am mat trénh hign tugng néng chay vat ligu, dinh vao thanh dai cha hong khong 1,5 ln , rong khong % duémg kinh cua than may din. Mat may din khéng c6 hong cép ligu, ligu duge dua tryc tiép vio than may din. Uu diém: chi phi thép, it chi tiét, khong khé khin dé bé tri hong cdp ligu véi thin may din. Nhuge diém: rit khé tgo dug cach nhiét gitta vang nhigt 49 cao than may véi ving nhjét 46 thdp hong cp ligu, rit khé 1am lanh hong cp ligu. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh DiteTangent dosign ‘ 16D me Section A-A, Fig. 8. Preferred geometry for feed opening in the feed throat. Phéu nap ligu duge thiét ké sao cho dam bio dang vat ligu chay én dinh. Cé cae thiét bj hé try dé gidip qua trinh ngp ligu dn dinh, Stir eg 1 : le SS t / Mandretpin Breaker plate recess ‘Torpedo Retaining ring Fig. 17. Example of in-line tubing or pipe die. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite12 ‘Trén hinh Fig.17, khi nhya vo dau tgo hinh, chdy quanh torpedo. Qua cdc dau vong kiéng (spider legs), nhya chay thinh dong déu dn. Chay vé dinh chop, sin phim dang éng dugc tao ra. ‘Vi cé rit nhiéu bién anh hudng dén kich thudc va hinh dang cia nhya din nén rat khé dy dodn chinh xc kich thuée va hinh dang cia nhya khi ra khéi dau tao hinh. Chinh vi diéu nay, sé rt kh6 khin khi tinh ton kénh dong nhya chay trong dau tao hinh dé c6 duge sin phim mong muén. Thudng thiét ké du tao hinh cha yéu dya vo kinh nghigm!! Trén Fig.18, 14 mét dang dién hinh cia dau tao hinh cla may din déng thi (coextrunsion die) hay sit dung trong céng nghiép. Dau tao hinh nay cé thé tao ra sin phim cé nhiéu lop trong mét céng doan. Cé hai hé chinh: hé cdp (feed block s} stem) va hé nhiéu 15 (multimanifold system). Trong hé cdp, cae dong nhya khée nhau duge két hyp va di vio dau tao hinh cua may din don. Fig. 18. Example ofa feed block system. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite13 ‘Choker bar adjustment nut Becle Choker bi , adustmentbot yo Upper manifold Flex lip = Plastic A < Plastic B Lower manifold Fig. 25. Example of a multimanifold sheet die. Loai nhiéu 18, cdc dong nhya néng chay khdc nhau di vio dau tao hinh rigng bigt, mdi dng nhya c6 mot 16 vio riéng. Cac dong nhya sé két hgp véi nhau & gan dau ra dé tgo nén sin phdm cé nhiéu lép. 3.3.9, Dong co Déng co dién ding dé kéo quay tryc vit. Téc 49 quay ciia déng co 1800 rpm, Téc d6 quay cia true vit thudng 100 rpm. Do vay can ¢6 b6 phan gim téc, Khi gin tryc tiép dong co va hép sé - truyén dong truc tiép (direct drive). Néu truyén d6ng qua day dai (cu-roa) gitta dgng co va hop gidm téc - truyén d§ng gidn tiép (indirect drive). D6ng co DC duge sit dung trong nhiing nim 90, bay gid thuong sir dung dng co AC. Screw Speed Variation at Different Screw Speeds Screw speed, Serew speed ‘Serew speed rpm, variation, rpm variation, % 100 1 1 10 1 10 Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite14 e Mts [> Coupling ig. 19. Example of extruder with direct drive (6 1 es | ene 3 fae: Fig. 20. Example ofan extruder with indirect drive Can phai sir dung b6 gidm téc, vi téc 46 ciia motor Ion hon nhidu so véi téc 46 cua tryc vit. Thudng ty 18 nay 18 15:1 dén 20:1; c6 thé thdp nhat 5:1 va cao nhdt 1a 40:1 Dé go ra d6 dn djnh cia sin phim, bom bang ring (gear pump) duge gin thém vio méy din, dat gitta may din va dau tao hinh. Vat ligu di vao ving khéng gian gitta hai bin ring va di chuyén lén phia truéc. Khi hai banh ring bat dau an khép vao nhau, nhya néng chay bj day ra khoi banh rang va di ra khoi bom, Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite15 Nhya trong banh rang duge bom banh ring day, tao ra d6 én dinh ¢ dau ra t6t hon i khéng cé bom bénh ring. Mét thudn Igi khdc 18 tg0 ra mét 4p lye higu qua cho may diin, Bom banh rang duge str dung trong truémg hgp: i) din v6i d6 chinh xc cao, yéu cdu d6 én dinh 6 dau ra nhé hon 1%, ii) khi may din khéng tgo ra di 4p lye, vi dy trong méy din cé thoat khi can hoat déng & Ap sudt cao. Figure 3.1 A gear pump used in a typical extrusion system, Tuy nhién, khi str dyng bom banh rang can cht ¥ i) khi trong nhya cé c: hat d6n cé tinh mai mon cao, banh rang sé bj mai mon, lam giam 6 chinh xac At b6i tron. Néu nhya uu ciia bom. ii) nhya néng hoat dng nhu lai trong bom du (15 phiit hay Iau hon), véi nhiét d6 cao, nhya sé phan huy. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite6 4, M@t vai day chuyén san xudt c6 sir dung may din 4.1. Day chuyén tao éng ed Extruder Gear Laser pump gauge + Water trough Puller Cutter Air >| Pd LT == Crosshead Fig 22, Ultrasoic wall hikness gees 4.2. Day chuyén tao mang hay tm phing Three roll stack Reducer Barrel Die Feed throat Motor t Cooling section Nip rolls = Winder Fig. 23. Components of a sheet or flat film extrusion line. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dice7 4.3. Day chuyén tao mang bing cach diic (cast film) Hopper Stripping roll Film dio / Air Chill Edge trim Thicknoss kite roll sitler scanning systern Fig. 24. Components ofa cast film extrusion line 4.4, Phi nhya lén cdc vat ligu khic Coated substrate Uncoated substrate Fig. 26. Schematic of extrusion coating operation. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite18 4.5. Tao lop Fig. 27. Schematic of extrusion lamination. 4.6. Théi mang Nip rots Layfat — 9. Collapsing Idler roll frame Bubble Ns Plastic pellets Hopper Airing SO Die | Roll of film, {J Fig. 28. Schemati cof blown film line. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dice19 4.7. Tron bing may din Main polymer Feed port feed port for filler Vent port, t Die Pelletizer > be ‘Twin screw extruder Collection bin Fig. 29. Typical extrusion compounding line Main polymer Feed port Three roll stack feedport Tor Mer ont port Gear Gooling section Nip retis Ve A BUM Dye Ge Se Winder Fig. 80. Extrusion compommding line with in-line shaping. 4.8. Day chuyén din profile Feeding | Hopper Gear pump em 18 (emma) [ama || 3 (e Measurement Haul-otf Fig. 31, Components of a profile extrusion line. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dice20 5. Cc cong doan cila thiét bj din Cée chite ning cia may dim: vén chuyén chat ran, néng chay hode lam nhuyén déo, tron, van chuyén vat ligu dang néng chay, tach khi, dinh hinh sin phim, Cac chite nding nay ¢6 quan hé qua Iai Yin nhau, ite nang cia mdi ving trong may din phy thuge hinh dang may din, dc tinh cia nhya, diéu kién hoat d6ng cia may. Ranh gidi cia céc phan trén truc vit 14 cé dinh nhung ranh gidi cia cdc ving chite ning cé thé thay déi theo tinh chat cua nhya va diéu kign hoat dong cua may din. 5.1. Van chuyén vat ligu rin. Vat ligu sé di chuyén trong phéu cp ligu va doc theo phuong ban kinh cia truc vit. Trong phéu cdp ligu, vat ligu di chuyén do tac dung ca trong Ire (gravity induced conveying). Doc theo true vil, lye ma sit tée dong lén nhya, cach nay duge goi 18 van chuyén do luc kéo (drag induced conveying). Trong ving van chuyén vat ligu rin, ving néng chay, ving van chuyén vat ligu néng chay, vat ligu van chuyén duge cing theo co ché nay. 5.1.1. Co ché trong luc Dong chay khé phite tgp trong ving nay. Khi vat ligu gém hat cé kich thuée Ién, nhé, hat nhé téch khéi céc hat Ién, tgo nén ding chay khéng én dinh trong phéu. Didéu nay gay ra d6 bat én dinh & dau ra cia may din. Voi cde vat ligu khé thao Lie: phan bé kich thude hat trong m6t ving rong, mat d6 khéi thdp, may din can phai cai tién dé hoat déng cé higu qua - duéng kinh ving cdp ligu 16n hon & ving xép (metering section, ving diy); hoge dig phéu cép ligu c6 vit tai, Trong mét sé trudmg hgp co thé ding ving cép c6 rinh xodn, Cac tinh chat khéi quan trong: mit 46 khéi, 46 nén, hé sé ma st trong, hé sé ma sat ngoai, kich thuéc va phn bé kich thudc, hinh dang va phan bé hinh dang hat. Mat 46 khdi 1a khdi Iugng riéng cia vat ligu, ké cd thé tich khodng trong gidta cdc hat (khéi lrgng/thé tich). Mat 46 khdi ciia vat Ligu sau khi tgo hat Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite21 thuéng bang 60% mat d6 théng thuéng. Néu vat ligu cé mat 46 khéi nhé hon 30% mat 49 thyc, viée van chuyén sé gip rac r6i, can phai thay thiét bj. Vat ligu c6 46 nén cao sé khé thao téc, dé gap tré ngai trong phéu cép ligu. Hé sé ma sat trong 1d ma sat gitta cdc hat nhya voi nhau. Hé sé ma sat ngoai 1a ma sat gitta cdc hat nhya va cdc bé mat khdc nhu bé mat xy lanh may din. Viée van chuyén higu qua khi ca ma sét trong va ngoai déu nhé. Dé van chuyén doc may din higu qua, ma sit thinh may diin phai cao, ma sit trye vil nho. Thiét ké phéu cp ligu anh huéng Ién dén dong chy trong phéu. Nén tranh viée dong lai vat ligu trong phéu. Phéu cé tiét dign hinh tron tt hon tét dién vudng hoge chit nhit. ISOMETRIC VIEW + Crear css seston = yy ++} <— oval ross section Circular outlet LL 1 SECTION A_A SECTION B_B Fig. 82. The diamondback feed hopper (US. Pat, 4958741). trong phéu én dinh, c6 thé: )khudy dao nhe vat Dé dim bao déng chi ligu, tich vt ligu ra khdi thanh phéu, c6 higu qua véi cdc vat ligu c6 dG bam dinh cao, ii) tao rung d6ng dé tranh tic phéu, pha lién két cau (bridge) gitta cdc vat ligu, iii) ding vit xon trong phéu (crammer feeder) dé cdp ligu. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite22 D6 mé cua hong cp ligu cing anh huéng dén sy van chuyén ciia vat ligu trong may din, Véi logi vat ligu c6 46 chay khéi thdp, can mé rng hong tiép ligu theo chiéu cua di chuyén cua cénh truc vit, 5.1.2. Van chuyén do luc kéo Do luc ma sit nhya sé van chuyén doc theo chiéu dai cia truc vit. Khi true vit quay, Ire ma sét gitta nhya va tre vit diy vat ligu lén phia truée. Lue ma sat nao 1am cho vat ligu van chuyén Ién phia trude va lye ndo gitt vat ligu lai Friction on the screw resi \ = 1 In rotation with the serew LILLE LI ELLE LEE L EL ELLA Friction on the barrel results in forward motion Fig. 88. Driving force and retarding force in conveying slong the extruder serew, Khi vat ligu chuyén lén phia trudc do tryc vit quay, dwéng nhu Iye ma sat gitta nhya va truc vit lim cho vat ligu tién én phia truée. Nghe 6 vé hop Iy, nhung thye ra khéng hoan (oan dién ra nhu vay. Lye ma sit tai thinh may din d3 day vat ligu tién lén phia trade. Néu thinh méy din khéng cé ma sat, sé roi vio cdc rinh cua true vit va chi cé chuyén d6ng tn, Thyc vay, ma sat trén thinh may din 1a diéu kign can dé van chuyén vat ligu Ién phia trude. Khéng c6 ma sat sé khéng ¢6 van chuyén, 5.1.3. Cap nghéo vat liéu (starve feeding) ‘Vat ligu roi true tiép vao truc vit, khong Inu Iai & phéu cap. Vat ligu pha mét Iép trén ranh vit chi bing vai lin duéng kinh truc. Khi rnh truc vit khéng day hoan toan, dp sudt trén vat ligu nhya sé khong nhiét sinh ra do ma sat va khuay tron, Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite23 Cach cdp ligu nay sé gidm chiéu dai higu qua cua may din, c6 Igi néu may din dai hon chiéu dai can thiét trong qué trinh gia céng. Tuy nhién, khi chiéu dai t6i han, cach cap ligu nay sé din dén hoat dong kém higu qua. ‘Véi may dan hai truc vit téc 46 cao, cdch cdp ligu nay khd phé bién. Véi my di don truc thi it phé bién hon. Kiéu cap ligu nay cdn giém tai cho dong co cia may din, gidm nhiét 46 tao ra khi nhya néng chay, cé thé bé sung nhiéu thinh phin ph6i tron chi cin mét céng cdp ligu. ‘Trong céng doan trén, phéi tron cdp nghéo vat ligu hay duge sir dung vi c6 thé loai bé duge sy vén cuc cla chat dén. 5.1.4. Cap liu cé rank xoan D6ng luc dé van chuyén vat ligu 1a Ive ma st cla bé mat thanh trong cia méy din. Lye ma sat c6 thé bj anh hudng bai nhigt 46 thanh xy lanh. Tuy nhién anh huéng nay khéng 1én, Mét phuong phdp dé ting ma sét thinh xylanh 13 gia céng cde rinh & bé mit trong. Vige nay sé anh huéng khd 1én dén dic tinh c4p ligu cua may din. Ranh thudng chay doc theo thin may, chiu dai khoang vai lin duéng kinh, Phia ngodi céc phan o6 ranh, thuéng duge lim lanh dé tranh nhya néng dy (gi ede vi tri nay. Fig. 84. Grooved feed section with adjustable groove depth. Trén hinh Fig.34, cdc rinh 6 phan cp ligu cia may din cé thé diéu chinh duge. C6 thé thay déi céch van chuyén vat ligu pht hop véi dic tinh cua nhya va cdu trac may din. C6 thé diéu chinh trong lac may dang van hanh. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite24 Nhu vay, c6 thé d§t cé dinh 46 sau cia rinh dé c6 duge dao déng dp lye 18 nhé nhat tai dau ra cua may din. M6t vai wu diém: 1)ndng suat it phy thudc vao 4p lye ra nén d6 6n dinh cua qua trinh din duge cai thign 2) nang sudt cao hon 3) cé thé din loai nhya cé khéi lugng phan tit cao Grooved food extrude Output —> ‘Smooth bore extruder Pressure > Fig. 35. Output vs discharge pressure for grooved feed vs smooth bore extruder. Nhuge diém: 1)Phai lim lanh phan cé rinh dé trinh hign tugng néng chiy nhya trong ranh. Diéu nay lim gidm higu suat nang Iwgng va may din hoat dong phitc tap, 2) Xudt hign img lye (stress) cao trong nh, gay mai mon. Can quan tam dén viéc Iva chon vat ligu, 3) Ap suat trong rinh Ion, 70 — 140 Mpa. Thanh may din phai chju duge dp sudt lon. 4)May din logi ndy duge thiét ké dic biét. Néu thiét ké binh thudng sé gp khé khin nhu qué nhiét ca nhya, lép kim loai chéng mai mén 5) Tai trong lén cho déng co, Ive xoan cho true vit l6n, é ting higu qua van chuyén, ngodi ting ma sat cua thanh my dim, con c6 thé gidm ma sat trén tryc vit. Thue hién bang cach: thiét ké true vit thich hop, nhigt 46 true vit, vat ligu kim true vit. Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite25 Good design Double flighted screw Lae flight flank radius | ‘Seal flight flank radius means Large heli ante (peoh) Small helix angle (pitch) Fig. 36, Measures to rednce screw friction by screw design, Gidm ma sit true vit c6 thé thyc hién bang vige d6t néng bén trong truc vit (ding diu dé trao déi nhiét). Mt cach khdc, A§t b6 phan gia nhiét bén trong truc vit. Xi IY hodc phit mét Iép kim loai khac én bé mat tryc vit c6 thé giam ma sat bé mit. 5.2, Nong chay Nong chay trong may din xay ra khi nhya dat dén nhigt 46 néng chay hai dang nong chay xdy ra trong may din 5.2.1. Nong chay tiép giip(contiguous solid melting CSM) Céc hat rin bj nén chit, quay doc theo chiéu dai ciia kénh tryc vit. Mét lop nhya néng chiy méng hinh thinh gitta cde hat rin va thin méy din, Nong bé mat tiép xuc pha gitta hat rin va mang nhya néng Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh DiteFig. 87. Contiguous solids melting in single serew extruders. Nhvya tiép tue néng chay duge thu vio trong mang nhya, nhung bj day ra, ép vao cdnh true vit dang hoat dong. Kiéu nay thuéng thdy véi may din don true vit. 5.2.2, Nong chay phan tan (dispersed solid melting DSM) Céc hat rin phan tin trong m6t méi trudng néng chy. Ching giim kich thuée cho dén khi chiy hoan toan. Kiéu néng chy nay thuong thay trong méay din hai true vit, m4y din don truc phdi trén. Theo chiéu dai cia truc, néng chay xy ra 6 diém 1 — 2D. Trong may din don truc chigu dai nay 1a 10- 15D Fig. 38, Dispersed solids melting in single screw extruders, Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite27 Day 14 diém khdc bit quan trong cla may din don truc va hai truc vit. Trong may din don tryc vit, ving van chuyén va néng chay cua vat ligu khoang 15-20D. Diéu nay cé nghia trong may din 25L/D, khéng nhiéu khodng trong cho viée vin chuyén néng chay, trn va tach khi. Néu téch khi, 30-35D. Trong m chiéu dai cua méy din pl din hai truc vit, ving van chuyén va néng chay vat ligu chi cé thé réng dén 5-6D. Néu méay din hai truc vil dii 30D, c6 nghia vin cdn khéng gian cho trOn, téch khi, phan img hod hoe, Do d6 may diin hai tryc sti dung linh hoat hon may din don truc. Ly thuyét CSM do Tadmor phat trién nhig nim 60. Ching ta cé thé xdc inh sy anh huéng cita tinh chat nhya, diéu kién gia céng, cdu tric eta truc vit dén néng chay cua nhya Cé hai nguén nhigt cho néng chay. Ngudn nhiét tir bén ngoai thdn, qua mang nhya néng chay roi dén Iép vat ligu. M6t nguén khdc 1a nhiét nhét (viscous heating) trong mang nhya néng chay. Lugng nhigt nhét nay xée dinh bang 46 nhot cia vat ligu va t6c 46 trugt trén mang nong chay. Co ché néng chay nay duge goi 1A di chuyén néng chéy do kéo (drag induced melt removal). Vat ligu néng chay khi (go ra thém vio mang néng chay bj kéo ra khdi ving néng chay do true vit quay. Do vay, mang néng chy con lai rat méng, giéi han duy tri téc d6 néng chay cao. Néu cdc chat vira bi néng chay khéng duge day ra, chiéu diy mang néng chay sé tang dan, higu sudt néng chay gidm nhanh chong. L¥ do nay dé gidi thich trong may din don truc, higu sudt néng chay cao hon nhiéu so véi may dun pitténg va cing 1a ly do trong cde may din théi 1én, thudng str dung my din truc vit hon 1a may din pittong (ram extrunder). Chiéu day cua mang néng chay 16 ring 1i m@t théng sé quan trong trong qué trinh néng chay. Mang néng chéy méng 18 quan trong d@ duy tri higu sudt néng chay cao. Khi mang néng chy méng, ra nhigt nhét cao trong mang néng chay va nhiét tir thanh may din truyén dén khéi vat ligu rin nhanh Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite28 chéng hon. Chiéu day ban ddu cia mang néng chay 14 khoang hé cua cénh tre vit (flight clearance). Khoang hé cing Ién, ming néng chay cing day. ‘Truc vit hay thanh mdy din bj mén sé kim ting khoang hé, sé anh huéng khéng t6t dén qué trinh néng chay cia nhya va hoat dong chung ctia may din. Khi tang nhiét 46 thanh xylanh, nhya duge cap nhiéu nhiét dé néng chay, Nhigt d6 cao, d nhét cita mang nhya néng chdy, sinh nhigt nhét gidm. gidm sinh nhiét nhot nhiéu hon nhiét thin may din thi higu ang téng cong 1a gidm téc dé néng chay. Diéu nay nghe c6 vé khéng ding. Tuy nhién, khi téc 46 truc vit cao, nhiét sinh ra chi yéu 14 nhiét nhét. & \ g sina 5 Triple tighted ° 20 40 ‘60 0 Helix angle, deg > Fig. 39. The effect of the number of flights on the melting length. Géc xodn cia cdnh truc vit anh hung 1én dén higu qua néng chay. Khi goc tang, dé néng chay hoan toan, chiéu dai néng chay trén truc giém. Higu qua néng chay cao nhdt khi géc nghiéng 90°. Géc nghiéng nay tét cho vide néng chay Bai gidng Thiét bj CN polymer TS. Lé Minh Dite