Department of Agriculture

PHILIPPINE COCONUT AUTHORITY

Research & Development, and Extension Branch
Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City 1101

April 2007

Coconut Intercropping Guide No. 7

Severino S. Magat, PhD1 and Millicent

Millicent I. Secretaria, MSc2
1
Scientist IV, PCA-Agricultural Research Management Department, Diliman, QC
2
Scientist I, PCA-Davao Research Center, Bago-Oshiro, Davao City

1. IMPORTANCE

Growing of intercrops in coconut lands produces more food and agricultural

products, ensuring food security of the people in rural and urban areas. At the same
time, the practice generates jobs and livelihood, enhancing farm incomes and the
purchasing power of people, thus alleviating poverty in farming communities (Magat
2004). Moreover, successful farmers serve as inspiration and enterprise leaders in their
communities, eventually treating coconut farming in an agribusiness way to create
wealth and more capital resources.

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a tree crop that is highly suitable or compatible
under different production systems (intercropping or multistory farming, agroforestry,
etc). In cacao producing countries, it is grown mainly for its beans, processed into cacao
powder, cake and cocoa butter. These products are largely used in the manufacture of
chocolates, soaps, cosmetics, shampoo and other pharmaceutical products (PCARRD
2000).

Cacao is also a high value crop wherein the potential is not yet explored in our
country with an extensive area suitable for cacao growing as a monocrop or intercrop of
coconut. In fact, over 1M ha highly suitable or wet zone of coconut areas (except in
coastal areas excessively high in Na or saline soils) are suitable for coconut-cacao
intercropping. Its cultivation could promote an agro-industrial development aimed: at
value-adding export products, as well as reduction of importation of cacao beans rom
countries like Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Malaysia (PCARRD 2000). PCARRD
mentioned that to date, more than three-fourths of the cacao beans requirement of the
country is imported from major producing countries.

Cacao, a popular, stable and marketable long-term beverage crop is widely

planted under and between stands of coconut trees. To be a compatible and productive
intercrop, cacao tree is best planted not closer than 2 meters from the base of coconut
trees, at 3 m between hills and 3 m between rows. Furthermore, where there is limited
land for cacao monocropping, the inter-spaces of coconut lands (with 8-15 meters of
spacing of coconut palms) are amenable for several rows of cacao crop. Also important,
the bio-physical environmental conditions, soil-wise, sunlight-wise and micro-climate

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 1

variation within the 70-80% space between coconut trees in a farm has been known to
be highly suitable for a coconut-cacao ecosystem. These are shown in Figure 1 and 2.

Figure 1. A farm layout of a coconut-cacao cropping model under square

planting system of coconut 8-10 m)

Figure 2. A farm layout of a coconut-cacao cropping model under

triangular planting system of coconut 8-10 m.

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 2

2. ADVANTAGES AND BENEFITS

Coconut trees - produces many basic food products and non-food raw
materials for high value products. If there is regular or seasonal demand for tender
8-month old nuts (buko) for tender nut water (buko juice) and tender nut for pies
and desserts, the farmers get higher net income compared to the 12-month old
mature nuts as buko nuts are usually priced 3-4 times higher than mature nuts.
From its inflorescence, coconut sap can be produced which in turn can be processed
into high value food products, e.g. coconut sugar, honey, fresh drink and vinegar.

Cacao crop dried fermented cacao beans (DFCB), the main product of this
crop, are first roasted, cracked and grinded to give a powdery mass from which fat
is extracted and usually processed into cocoa products such cocoa butter, powder,
paste/liquor and chocolate confectionaries (Magat, 2004). Basically, the chocolate
beverage is prepared from cocoa derived from DFCB. The Philippines was the first in
Asia to plant cacao and prepare chocolate drinks from cocoa
(www.philonline.com.ph/-webdev/da-amas/cacao.html).

Cocoa butter is utilized in confectionaries and in the manufacture of tobacco,

soap and cosmetics; and largely considered the worlds most expensive fat and used
widely in the emollient bullets for hemorrhoids (Duke, 1983 in Magat, 2004).

The three varieties of cacao are Forastero, Criollo and Trinitario (Magat,
2004). Criollo is superior in fruit possessing generally elongated and with distinctly
ridged pods, but susceptible to many pests (PCARRD, 1989). Criollo variety has also
pointed fruits and white cotyledons compared with the short, roundish almost smooth
fruits and purplish cotyledons of Forastero (Duke 1983 in Magat, 2004). Forastero
cacao is stronger, vigorous and more productive. While Trinitario, a hybrid cross of
Criollo and Foratero varieties, strongly manifest the characteristics of a hybrid
population and considered a rich genetic source for the varietal improvement of the
crop (PCARRD, 1989).

Some of the key benefits of the coconut-cacao cropping/ecosystem are as follow:

1) Cacao can be intercropped in coconut palms when these palms reached 25 years
(and beyond). Generally, cacao and coconut do not compete for soil resources,
except when grown in dry zones.

2) It is grown primarily for its beans, which are processed into cocoa powder, cake, and
butter. These are used mainly in the manufacture of chocolates, soaps, cosmetics,
shampoo, and other pharmaceutical products. Cacao beans produced by small-scale
farmers and backyard growers are mostly processed naturally into tablea (a
popular native chocolate confection used in hot and strong chocolate drink).

3) Chocolate is considered high in phenylethylamine, likely serving as medication. Cocoa

also contains 300 volatile compounds and the most important flavor components are:
aliphatic esters, polyphenols, unsaturated aromatic carbonyls, pyrazines and
theobromine (Magat, 2004). Moreover, it contains proteins (18%); fats (cocoa
butter); amines and alkaloids, including theobromine (0.5 -2.7%). The Forastero
variety have less caffeine (0.1%) as compared to Criollo ariety (1.43 -1.70%)
(Center for New Crops and Plant Products [CNCPP]- Purdue Universityn.d. in Magat,
2005.

4) As for folk medicine or remedy, cacao is considered antiseptic, diuretic and

parasiticide. Duke and Wain (1981) in Magat, 2005 cited its application to remedy
alopecia, burns, cough, dry lips, eye sore, fever, malaria, nephrosis, parturition,

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 3

 pregnancy, rheumatism, snakebite and wounds. Also,cocoa butter is applied onto
wrinkles to minimize or remedy it ( Leung, 1980 in Magat, 2005).

5) From the coconut trees, obtained are many basic food products from nuts (like
kernel/meat, coconut milk, coconut oil, coconut water/juice) and coconut sap (fresh
sap, vinegar, coconut nectar/honey and natural sap sugar); non-food raw materials
for various high value products (husked- based, shell-based). Many more products
are derived from other parts of the coconut trees.

3. MARKET DEMAND AND PRACTICES

In 1997, the national annual average yield of cacao beans was estimated at
0.52t/ha, where the yield of small farm ranged from 0.30t/ha to 0.40t/ha (PCARRD
2000). In the same year, the total production was only 7,844 t from 15,150 ha,72%
of which was produced in Southern Mindanao. Compared to 1990 (9,413 t cacao
beans from 17,801 ha) , a clear reduction in national production output was noted
and is likely attributed to decrease in hectare and probably a lower productivity level.

Moreover, a total of locally produced 7,000 t DFCB was supplied to the 13 local
grinders requiring at least 30, 000 t DFCB. Unless production and productivity of the
cacao crop increases within the next 5-10 years, local requirement for DFCB would
be continually supplied through importation.

Just like the most traded agricultural commodities, the domestic price of DFCB
follows the global market. Locally, the average wholesale prices of DFCB increased
from P28.50/kg in 1994 to P40/kg DFCB in 1996 (PCARRD 2000).

In 1998, the Philippine exported cocoa butter (fat oil which accounted for 22.34% or
3.123 mt of export. Cocoa paste (wholly/partly defatted cocoa cake), cocoa beans
(whole/broken, raw roast) were likewise exported with 18.65% or 20 mt 18.48% or
1.407 mt, 17.49% or 1.363 mt, respectively (http://www.philponline.com.ph/-
webdev/da-amas/cacao.html).

4. GROWING
ROWING CONDITIONS AND THE TECHNOLOGY

4.1 Environmental Requirements

To optimize the achievable yield of cacao under the coconut-banana cropping

system, it is essential to provide the suitable conditions (climate and soils) for the two
crops. Moreover, the competition for light, soil and water resources usually results in
marginal economic returns from one of the component crops or in both.

Climatic Needs:

Factor Coconut Cacao

Altitude (m above sea level) Less than 600 Less than 300
o
Temperature ( C) 24- 29 18-32
Light >2000 sunshine hours/year Shade-tolerant crop
Total annual rainfall (mm) 1500- 2500 (well distributed) 1,250-2,800(w/o any
drought exceeding 3

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 4

 months)
Typhoon frequency (%) < 20 < 20

Soil Requirements:

Soil Condition Coconut Cacao

Soil Depth (cm) >75 >1500
Drainage Moderate to well-drained Well-drained
Soil Acidity (pH) 5.5-7.5 4.5 - 7.0
Soil Texture Sandy, loamy, clayey (with Loamy, clayey (with good
good structure) structure)
Organic matter content Medium to High Medium to High
Major nutrients N, K, Cl, S, P, Ca, Mg, B N, P, K, Ca

4.2 Technology

It is very important to apply the best package of technologies (POT) or better

still, the site-specific technologies to achieve the maximum economic yield (MEY), highly
desirable to obtain the least production cost per unit product or per ha, and the
maximum returns to investment under the coconut-cacao cropping production system.

As a detailed guide on the cultural practices of cacao, the Philippines

Recommends for cacao (PCARRD 1989) is a popular reference-manual. For coconut,
three booklets were produced by the PCA as quick references: 1) Production
Management of Coconut (Magat 1999); 2) Coconut-based Farming Systems (CBFS),
Technology Notes for Practicioners (Magat 1999) and 3) Good Agricultural Practices in
Coconut Production (GAP-Coconut), PCA, Dept. of Agriculture.-Diliman, Quezon City
Metro Manila, Philippines. 86 p.(Magat 2006)

Following are some salient recommended farming pointers or practices in a

coconut-cacao cropping system:

CACAO

1. In a small farm or a plantation, at least five recommended clonal materials to be

grown at the same period, since cacao trees are normally incompatible in terms of
flowering and pollination;
2. Under monoculture, a 3 m x 3 m triangular spacing (1,241 plants/ha) is desirable to
be grown when intercrop with coconuts (coconut-cacao long term cropping system);
3. Recommended hybrid varieties are Criollo, Trinitario and Forastero. Commonly
propagated by seeds grown in the nursery with regular watering as practical;
seedlings are ready for transplanting in 6-8 months with 4-6 pairs of green true
leaves are present; the use of budded clonal seedlings offers a true-to-type
seedlings which achieve earlier higher yields;
4. In the initial years of crop establishment, shade of other tree crops (nurse crops)
like coconut, Gliricidia, Leucaeria or Erythrina and other comparative crops is
desirable; under coconut cacao monocraopping system, shade trees are later pruned;
5. Proper and timely pruning is required: 1) to train, shape and achieve the economical
tree height; 2)to have adequate air circulation and sunlight penetration within the

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 5

 crop; 3) to minimize incidences of pest and diseases; and 4) to produce higher and
quality yields;
6. Adequate fertilization is an important component of the integrated crop management
of the cacao or cocoa tree crop.
7. The major insect pests of the crop are cacao pod borer (causes uneven ripening and
unfilled beans), Helopetis (attcks immature pods) and Apogonia (leaf eaters) that are
active at nighttime. While, the most important diseases are : black pod disease; red
root disease (causing wilting and yellowing of leaves and eventual death of trees);
white rot disease (causing wilting of leaves, leaving white mycelium and vascular
streak disease (Oncosbasidium theobromae), characterize by brownish horizontal
streak of infected twigs and causes the eventual death of shoots (Ministry of
Agriculture of Malaysia).
8. Harvesting is done when pods turns yellowish or reddish orange in color. Pick
cacao fruits only when they are fully mature (147 days) Harvesting should be done
regularly to avoid overripe pods in the trees. Usually, the cacao crop has peak-
harvest and off-season periods. The peak-harvest period is the result of flowering
during the rainy season. Selective harvesting is done by hand using knives or
machetes. Puling the pods from the tree damages the flower cushions and destroys
the bark.
9. The following are some of the very important considerations in the postharvest
handling of cacao beans: 1) avoid injuring the beans during pod-splitting (pods cut
open to extract the beans); 2) wet cocoa beans should undergo fermentation for 7
days in order to kill the seeds and enhance the chocolate flavor; 3) dry under the sun
or by a mechanical dryer; 4) dried beans are kept in gunny sacks and stack on
raised platforms. Avoid damp conditions to control fungus attack which lower the
bean quality.

Dried fermented cacao beans (DFCB) are best graded before marketing, following
the acceptable or standard grading system in the country. The criteria for grading are
the number of beans per 100 g, % fungus infection, % pest incidence and % slaty
beans (flat beans).

COCONUT

With the coconut trees are already established and already at bearing stage, the
main farming practices are fertilization, underbrushing-weeding, mulching of the main
rootzone of coconut (also considered the fertilizing zone at trunk base of trees), and
harvesting. Post-harvest and primary processing practices (seasoning of partially
immature nuts for 710 days, dehusking and copra processing) are common in small to
medium scale farms. If sold to coconut desiccating plants, dehusked nuts are
immediately marketed. Coconut husks await decortication/defibering, while coconut
shells are converted to charcoal and sold to activated carbon processors.

A separate fertilization for the stands of coconut and the cacao crop is
recommended. There are two average inorganic/mineral fertilizer recommendations for
coconut: 1) using the combination of single fertilizers (ammonium sulfate plus common
salt (for potassium-rich soils) or potassium chloride (0-0-60) for soils deficient in K; and
2) using ready-to-apply multinutrient fertilizers as the 14-5-20-0.02 (B), now
commercially available like COCOGROW (ATLAS Brand) in 25 kg. capacity bags.

These two fertilizer recommendations are compatible with the application of

appropriate organic fertilizers (compost, cocopeat, commercial organic fertilizers). If
capital resources to purchase organic fertilizers is available, any of these organic
fertilizers ( total N, P and K of at least 5%) may be applied together with the mineral
fertilizers (options 1 and 2) indicated below at the rate of 3-4 times of the periodic
rates indicated. Organic fertilizers should be applied about a month ahead of the

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 6

application of the inorganic/mineral fertilizers. Organic fertilizers serve best as soil
conditioners and fertilizer supplements to the coconut-cacao cropping system.

For Coconut
Option 1
Application of Single
Single-
ngle-Fertilizers (per tree):

6 months from FP 200 g AS + 200 g SC or 200 g KCl

1 year 500 g AS + 450 g SC or 600 g KCl
2 years 750 g AS + 750 g SC or 900 g KCl
3 years 1.0 kg AS + 1.25 kg SC or 1.5 kg KCl
4 years 1.25 kg AS + 1.35 kg SC or 1.70 kg KCl
5 years and onwards 1.50 kg AS + 1.70 kg SC or 2.00 kg KCl
a
AS Ammonium sulfate (21-0-0);
SC Sodium chloride (common salt);
KCl Potassium chloride (0-0-60)

Option 2
Application of ready-
ready-to-
to-apply multinutrient
fertilizer (per tree):

Rate of 14-
14-5-20
Age/Stage a
multi--nutrient Fertilizer
multi

Field-planting (FP) 400 g

6 months from FP 600 g
1 year 1.25 kg
2 years 1.50 kg
3 years 2.00 kg
4 years 2.50 kg
5 years and onwards 3.00 kg
a
contains 14% N, 5% P2O5, 20% K2O plus 15% Cl , 4.5%S, 0.02% Boron, Ca.

For Cacao

A. Average nutrient needs and suggested fertilizer grade for immature cacao plants (g
per plant)a
After field planting Nutrient Rate Fertilizer Grade
(month) N P2O5 K2O MgO 14-14-14b
1 6.4 6.4 6.4 - 45
4 8.5 8.5 8.5 - 60
8 8.5 8.5 8.5 - 60
12 12.8 12.8 12.8 - 92
18 17.0 17.0 17.0 - 121
24 27.3 27.3 27.3 4.5 192c
Total 80.5 80.5 91.7 4.5 570
a
PCARRD 1989
b
Estimated from PCARRDs 1989 study

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 7

 c
Plus 19 g KCl (0-0-60 fertilizer) + 30 g dolomitic limestone (dolomite)
B. Nutrient and fertilizer recommendation for mature cacao trees based on 1 t DFCB/ha
with 1,241 plants at 3 m x 3 m spacing

Nutrient Nutrient Removal from cropping Nutrient Fertilizer Grade

(kg/t per year) (kg/ha) Per ha (kg) per tree (g)
Cacao beans Pod husks Total
N 21.3 14.5 35.8 28.5 135b 108b
P 4.0 1.8 5.8 4.9 62c 49c
K 9.5 62.7 72.2 40.8 107d 86d
Ca 1.0 5.6 6.6 4.3 33c 26c
Mg 3.0 3.0 6.0 4.5 50f 40f
a Wood and lass 1985
b Ammonium sulfate (21-0-0)
c Solophos (18% P2O5)
d KCl (0-0-60)
e CaCO3 (limestone)
f Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2, 12% MgO

5. INVESTMENT NEEDS: COSTS AND RETURNS (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

As an intercrop of coconut production, cacao (cocoa) at 600 trees/ha, has its

production cost (per year/ha) in a 5-year time scale (period cacao achieves full-bearing
stage), follows: year 1 (field-planting), PhP30,476; year 2, @ 8,818; year 3, @
26,700;year 4, @ 39,182; and year 5 and onwards, @41,481, while the projected
annual net income/ha: year 1, PhP 30,476 (negative income); year 2, @15,182; year 3,
@47,980; Year 4, @72,491, and year 5 and onwards, @ PhP 95,111. For the coconut
crop (existing stand), the annual per ha average production cost (including fertilization)
is PhP 8,950, Net income of PhP 21,050 (2,000 kg copra/ha, @ PhP15/kg copra).

On the coconut-cacao cropping system, the projected total annual net income
gained per ha in a 5-year time scale are the following: year 1, PhP9,426 (negative
income); year 2, @ 36,232; YEAR 3, @ 69.030; YEAR 4, @ 93,541; and year 5 and
onwards, @ PhP 116,161

The details of the simple costs and returns analysis (production economics) of
coconut- Cacao cropping, per ha basis are shown in the following tables ( referenced to
production items/details on: (1) Phil. Recommends for Cacao, PCARRD 1979; (1) cocoa
yield profiles, Richards 2007; (3) production costs based on 1997 prices by DA-SMIAR-
RFU XI, Davao City )

Table 5.1 Simple costs

costs and returns
returns (production
production economics)
economics) of cacao grown as
monocrop
and intercrop of coconut (cacao monocrop: 1,000 cacao trees/ha; cacao as
intercrop of coconut: 600 trees/ha, Richards, 2007).

Item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

I. CACAO
CACAO:

A. Fixed Cost 3,500a - 1,100b

1,100 400c -
B. Maint. & Operating Cost
1.Cacao seedlings,1,111 +10%, 27,775

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 8

 P25/seedling (budded cacao)
2.Fertilizer (complete,14-14- 4,800 10,560 14,400
14) @ 960/bag 400 500 500 21,120 21,210
3. Pesticides 200 600 600
4. Sacks, P10 @ 200 600 400
5. Rattan baskets, P20@ 300 200
Sub-
Sub-total
total 32,975 11,060 15,300 22,620 22,410

C. Labor
1. Clearing, 20md x P100/md 2,000
2.Liming & staking 4 md 400
3. Digging of holes, 10 md 1000
4.Planting, 40 md 4000
5. Weeding & mulching 10md 1000 1000 1000 500 400
6. Fertilizing, 4 md 400 400 400 400 400
7. Spraying pesticides. 9md 900 900 900 900 900
8. General weeding, 15 md 1500 1500 1500
9. Pruning, 10 md 1000 1000 1,000
10. Harvesting, breaking of pods,
fermenting, drying: 55, 83, 111 5,500 8,300 11,100
md for 3rd, 4t , 5th yr.
Sub-
Sub-total 9,700 2,300 10,300
10,300 12,600 15,300

D. Contingency (10%tot. cost) 4,618 1,336 2,670 3,562 3,771

E. Total Production cost/1000 50,793 14,696 26,700 39,182 41,481
cacao trees (as monocrop /ha)
F. Production Cost/600 cacao
trees (cacao as intercrop 30,476 8,818 16,020 23,509 24,889
under coconut/ha)
F. Yield & Income from Cacao as
F.1 Monocrop
a) Pod/tree 0 7 25 38 45
b) Dried beans (kg/ha) 0 300 1,000 1,500 1,800
c) Gross Value (at P80/kg) 0 24,000 80,000 120,000 144,000
d) Net Income (50,793) 9,304 53,300 80,818 102,519

F.2 As Intercrop
a) Pod/tree 0 12 33 50 60
b) Dried beans (kg.ha) 0 300 800 1,200 1,500
c) Gross Value (at P80/kg) 0 24,000 64,000 96,000 120,000
d) Net Income (30,476) 15,182 47,980 72,491 95,111

a
Sprayer, shovel, hoe,etc.
b Pruning shear, construction of 25 sq.m. solar drier at P40/sq.m
c Construction of additional 10 sq.m. concrete soar drier at P40/sq.m.

Table 5.2. Simple costs and returns (production economics) of the coconut crop component and the
total net income from coconut + cacao cropping system (per ha/year basis), 135
coconut trees and 600 cacao trees/ha).

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 9

 COCONUT:
(Copra yield @ 2 t/ha,
@P15/kg
Nuts= 8,000/ha)
Cost of harvesting, piling, 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800
hauling, deshusking @
P0.35/nut
Copra making @P0.12/kg 960 960 960 960 960
Transport/ 400 400 400 400 400
Handling, @ P0.20/kg copra
Fertilizer application 360 360 360 360 360
Circle weeding, 4.5 md, 6x/yr 2,430 2.430 2,430 2.430 2,430
Fertilizer cost b 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Total Cost (P) 8,950 8,950 8,950 8,950 8,950
Yield (kg/ha) 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Gross Income (P) 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
Net Income (P) 21,050 21,050 21,050 21,050 21, 050

Total Net income (Php

(Php)
hp)
(9,426) 36,232 69,030 93,541 116,161
(coconut + cacao)
cacao)

Benefit/cost ratio (0.24) 2.04 2.76 2.88 3.43

b
1.5 kg AS + 1.7 kg NaCl @ P5/kg and P4/kg, respectively, 135 trees/ha

6. POTENTIAL FINANCING SOURCES/CREDIT FACILITIES

Self or In-House Finance (Private)
Local Government Units (Municipal, Provincial, Congressional)
Government Banks & Lending Institutions
Private Banks and Lending Agencies
Cooperatives
Foundations

REFERENCES:

Cabangbang, R. and E. A. Aguilar. 1991. Intercropping coconut with cacao. In :Book

Series No. 116/1991.Success stories of farmer-managed coconut-based
farming systems, Volume II. Published by PCARRD-DOST and Rainfed
Resources Development Proj.- Govt. of the Phil. and United States Agency for
International Development (USAID).

Magat, S.S. 1999. Production management of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Published by
PCA, Diliman, Quezon City. 67 p.

Magat, S.S. 2004. Growing of Intercrops in coconut lands to generate more food and
agricultutral products, jobs and enhancing farm income. Coconut
Intercropping Primer. Published by PCA-Diliman, Quezon City.Dec.2004. 7p.

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 10

Magat, S.S. 2005. Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Management of Selected Tropical
Industrial Tree Crops. Los Baos, Laguna: PCARRD-DOST, 2005. 172 p.

Magat, S.S. 2006. Good Agricultural Practices in Coconut Production (GAP-Coconut),

PCA, Dept. of Agriculture.-Diliman, Quezon City Metro Manila, Philippines. 86
p.

PCARRD-DOST. 1979. The Philippine Recommends for Cacao. Los Baos, Laguna:
PCARRD.
PCARRD-DOST. 2000. The Cacao Industry. Los Baos, Laguna: Philippine Council for
Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development
(PCARRD). DOST, Los Banos, Laguna.

Richards, N. 2007. Cocoa and cocoa-based intercropping. Field Notes:Cebu

City.ACDIVOCA Philippines 2 p.

Southern Mindanao Agricultural Research Center, Department of Agriculture Regional

Field Unit XI,Bago Oshiro, Davao City. 1997 Price List of Agricultural Products.

The Coconut Committee (1992). The Philippine Recommends for Coconut. Los Baos,
Laguna: PCARRD, PARRFI and PCRDF. (Phil. Recommends Series, No.2-b,
1993. 234 p.).
From the internet:
DA-Agribusiness Marketing Assistance Service. Cacao Industry Situationer
Report.http://www.philonline.com.ph/-webdev/da-amas/cacao.html
FOR MORE INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE, YOU MAY CONTACT THE FOLLOWING
OFFICES SITUATED NEAR YOU:

Research & Development, and Extension Branch, PCA, Diliman, Quezon City 1101
Tel: (632) 928-4501 to 10 (local: 501, 508)
Fax: (632) 926-7631
Email: cbcarpio@mozcom.com or sev_magat@yahoo.com

Field Services Branch, PCA, Diliman, Quezon City 1101
Tel: (632) 928-4501 to 10 (local: 504, 509)

Albay Research Center (ARC), PCA, Banao, Guinobatan Albay
Tel: (052) 484-6686 or 484-6685

Davao Research Center (DRC), PCA, Bago-Oshiro, Davao City, PO Box 80437
Tel: (082) 293-0113/0115/0161/0119 Fax No. (082) 293-0571 Email:
pcadrc@pldtdsl.net or pcaasd@pldtdsl.net

Zamboanga Research Center (ZRC), PCA, San Ramon, Zamboanga City, PO Box 356
Tel: (0917) 710-1820 Email: pca_zrc@pldtdsl.net

PCA Region IV-A (Southern Tagalog), Barrio Isabang, Lucena Ciity
Tel: (042) 712-159 Email :pcaiv@yahoo.com

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 11


PCA Region IV-B (MIMAROPA and rest of Luzon) Diliman, Quezon City
Telefax: 924-4761 Tel: 927-5227 Email: pca1234b@mozcom.com

PCA Region V (Bicol) , Sagpon, Legaspi City
Tel: (052) 245-5263 Fax: (052) 245-5263 Email : pca-r5@globalink.net.ph

PCA Region VI (Western Visayas), 12 Mabini St., Iloilo City
Tel: (033) 337-7514 Fax: (033) 335-0977 Email: pca_r6@globelines.com.ph

PCA Region VII (Central Visayas), DA7, Mandaue City (CEBU) Email:
pca_7@yahoo.com t.el: (032) 345-0009 Fax: (032) 345-8435

PCA Region VIII (Eastern Visayas), Govt Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte
Tel: (053) 323-2698 Fax: (053) 323-2995 Email: pca8@evis.net.ph

PCA Region IX (Western Mindanao), J.P. Rizal St., Zamboanga City
Tel: (062) 991-6369 Fax: (062) 992-1031 pcar9@jetlink.com.ph

PCA Region X (Northern Mindanao), #30 Daumar St., Cagayan De Oro City
Tel: (088) 857-3707 Fax: (088) 272-2814 Email: lgc_pca10@philcom.ph

PCA Region XI (Southern Mindanao), PCA Complex, Bago-Ohiro, Tugbok District, Davao City
Tel: (082) 293-0384 Telefax: (082) 293-0049 Email: pca11@pldtdsl.net

PCA Region XII (Central Mindanao), 2nd Flr, AS Bldg. , Cor. JP Laurel and CM Recto Sts,
Gen. Santos City
Tel: (083) 544-6263 Telefax: (083) 553-9424 Email: pcar12@gsc.weblinq.com

PCA Region XIII (CARAGA), JC Aquino Ave., Pajera Subd., Butuan City
Tel: (085) 815-3232 Fax: (085) 226-4621 Email:pca_13caraga@yahoo.com

PCA-ARMM, Emilio Ong Bldg., Quezon Ave., Cotabato City
Telefax: (064) 421-2412. Email: wahab_mb@yahoo.com

Drafted by:

SS Magat and MI Secretaria

25 April, 2007/ PCA-DRC, PCA-RDEB/ARMD

Coconut-Beverage Crop (Cacao) Cropping Model 12