&

2:



Creative Commons.
, ,
,
.

2


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.



( ) .

3
 (1/2)
:

HARDWARE.

4
 (2/2)

5
 / (1/4)
(processor CPU):

(datapath):
(registers), (ALU).

(control):
.

6
 / (2/4)
(memory):
:
(DRAM semiconductor memory).
,

.
(cache):
(SRAM).

(
).
:
/.
(virtual)
/ (
).

7
 / (3/4)
/ (/ devices):
:
.

.
(nonvolatile) ,
DRAM.
(
- files)
.

8
 / (4/4)
.
- (mouse).
:
.
X (resource sharing).
M .

9
 H

10
 (1/3)

:
, ,
,
- CD/ DVD ROM.
:

.
.
.
(Universal Serial
Bus USB).
.

/ .

11
 (2/3)
():
:

(motherboard main board
system board planar).
.
.
CD/ DVD ROM.
.
.

12
 (3/3)
.
.
.

13

:

14
 Hardware (1/4)
:

15
 Hardware (2/4)
:

16
 Hardware (3/4)
:

17
 Hardware (4/4)
:

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19
 (1/6)

20
 (2/6)
(integrated circuits ICs)
/

,
.

ICs (~2-3 )
.


,
.

21
 (3/6)

ICs
.

(1971): Intel 4004:

2300 .
10m .
400KHz .

22
 (4/6)
Intel Pentium4:
55,000,000 .
0.13m .
3.4GHz .

Intel Core 2 duo:

291,000,000 .
65nm .
2.6GHz .

23
 (5/6)
Transistor
, transistor
20
1947: Brattain, Schockley, Bardeen

:
.

C E

24
 (6/6)

site http://www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/index.htm
Moore 1965.

25
 Cartoon

26


27


, .
, /, .

internet:
http:/ /www.eng.ucy.ac.cy/mmichael/courses/ECE407/lecture_notes/ICs_story.pdf

28


29

Copyright ,

, .
. :
1.0. 2015.
:
https: //eclass.uowm.gr/courses/ICTE100/

30

Creative Commons
, 4.0 [1] ,
. .. ,
...,
.

[1] h t t p ://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
:

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