2 nd N AT I O N A L N U T R I T I O N S U M M I T:

8 NATIONAL
th

NUTRITION
SURVEY
Juan Mission for a Well-Nourished Nation

FOOD and NUTRITION

RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Department of Science and Technology
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION
The Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-
DOST) presents the initial results of the 8th National Nutrition Survey (NNS) as part of its mandate
and commitment to define the Filipino citizenrys nutritional status (E.O. 128 Sec. 22). The survey
was conducted from June 2013 to April 2014, covering all 17 regions of the country, 79 provinces,
45,047 households and 172,323 individuals.

The NNS has evolved to become the key source of data for the national government not just on
nutrition-related information but on health matters as well. The objectives of the survey are to
determine and evaluate the food intakes, nutrition and health status of Filipinos, and provide
official statistics on food, nutrition and health situations of the country.

The 2013 NNS has the following components: Anthropometry, Biochemical, Clinical, Dietary
intake of households and individuals, Demographic and Socio-Economic profiles of participants,
Food Security, Government Program Participation, selected Health risk factors pertinent to
nutrition, Infant and Young Child Feeding, Maternal and Child Health, and the Salt Survey.

METHODS
The 2013 NNS adopted the 2003 master
sample of the Philippine Statistics Authority
(formerly the National Statistics Office),
which utilized the 2009 Labor Force Survey
list of households. The NNS used the four
replicates of the master sample to obtain
national, regional, and provincial estimates
for measurements of anthropometry,
blood pressure and questionnaire-based
information. For the biochemical and dietary
components, one replicate was used to get
national estimates.
The response rate for the different components
was at least 90.1% for the questionnaire and
85.2% for physical measurement components,
with a high of 97.4% for BP measurements
among the 10-19 yr olds. The blood exams
had response rates at 83.4% for FBS and 85.7%
for hemoglobin.
RESULTS
This initial release provides results for the
following: the Anthropometry of children
and adults with prevalences of under- and
over-nutrition, including the prevalence of
underweight in children below 5 years of age,
which is part of Millennium Development
Goal (MDG) 1; the prevalences of Anemia,
Hypertension and Diabetes, as well as of
Smoking, the latter three of which are major
risk factors for Non-communicable Diseases;
and the extent of household participation in
selected Government Programs, featuring
the Philippine Governments Conditional
Cash Transfer Program, also known as the 4Ps
(Programang Pantawid ng Pamilyang Pilipino).

8 th N AT I O N A L N U T R I T I O N S U R V E Y
Food and Nutrition Research Institute Department of Science and Technology 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. ANTHROPOMETRY
The main anthropometry results are as follows:

1) Children 0-60.0 months of age

Using weight for age as index, underweight prevalence has gone down to 19.9%, a slight reduction
from 20.2% in 2011 (Updating Survey, 7th NNS). This reflects a relatively unchanged status for the
past 10 years (from 20.7% in 2003, to 20.0% in 2005, and 20.6% in 2008), making it unlikely that
the Philippines will achieve the MDG goal of a 50% reduction in underweight prevalence from the
baseline of 27.3% in 1989.

Wasting/thinness increased to 7.9% from 7.3% in 2011 (p<0.05); this contributes to a consistent
upward trend from 5.8% in 2005, and 6.9% in 2008.

On the bright side, stunting has gone down to 30.3% from 33.6% in 2011 (p<0.05), the first substantial
drop in this indicator since 2003.

Males tended to be worse off during the younger age groups, with higher rates of underweight and
stunting, but the females catch up by the 4th and 5th years of age. Wasting/ thinness rates tended to
be about the same for each gender group, and highest among the younger infants (13.4%) with a
declining trend as the children got older.

Similar to findings from the 6th and 7th NNS, children in the second year of life (12-23 months old)
had the sharpest increases in underweight (4.9%age points higher than the 6-11 month olds) and
stunting (15.3% age points higher than the 6-11 month olds) prevalences.

The best performing areas, with the lowest rates of underweight, stunting and wasting/thinness, are:
the urban areas (17.3%, 25.7%, and 7.8% respectively), the richest quintiles (8.5%, 13.3%, and 5.5%
respectively), and the following regions: for underweight NCR (12.9%), CAR (16.5%) and Central
Luzon (17.7%); for stunting NCR (22.4%), Central Luzon (23.1%), and CALABARZON ( 25.3%); for
wasting/ thinness CAR (5.9%), NCR (6.5%) and SOCCSKSARGEN (6.6%).

As expected, the highest prevalences of underweight, stunting and wasting are among those in the
rural areas (22.6%, 35.0%, and 8.1% respectively), and in the poorest quintile (29.8%, 44.8% and 9.5%
respectively). Among the regions, the top 3 with the highest undernutrition prevalences are: for
underweight MIMAROPA (27.5%), W. Visayas (25.9%) and Bicol (24.6%); for stunting Bicol (39.8%),
ARMM (39%) and Zamboanga Peninsula (38.7%); for wasting/ thinness MIMAROPA (9.8%), Ilocos
Region (9.8%), and W. Visayas (8.9%).

Overweight rates are highest among the 0-5 month olds (9.9%), those in the highest wealth quintile
(10.7%) and those from regions IVA (6.6%), CAR (6.1%) and NCR (6.5%).

2) Children 5-10.0 years of age

Compared to the 0-5.0 age group, underweight prevalence is even higher in this older age group at
29.1%, though this is already an improvement from the 32% prevalence in 2011. Stunting is about the
same (compared to the younger age group) at 29.9%, and is likewise better than the 33.6% in 2011.
Wasting/ thinness is also higher than in the younger age group at 8.6%; this is unchanged from the
8.5% of 2011.

Regions with the better weight-for-age (WFA) and height-for-age (HFA) indices are CAR (78.8% normal
WFA), Cagayan Valley (74% normal WFA and 76.7% normal HFA), NCR (73.2% normal WFA and 80.4%
normal HFA), and Central Luzon (78.6% normal HFA).

2
8 th N AT I O N A L N U T R I T I O N S U R V E Y
Food and Nutrition Research Institute Department of Science and Technology
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Similar to trends in the younger age group, the poorest quintiles had the highest prevalences of
underweight (42.5%) and stunting (48%). Wasting/ thinness, however, tended to be about the same
for the 3 lowest quintiles (9.1%, 9.5% and 9.7%).

Underweight prevalence increased with age, starting at 25.7% for the 5yr olds, increasing to 25.6%,
29.1%, 31.4% and finally 32.4% among the 9 yr olds. Males, in general, had higher underweight and
stunting rates than females.

Wasting/ thinness are highest in MIMAROPA (12.6%), Central Luzon (11.6%) and Bicol (10.7%). In
contrast, overweight/obese rates are highest in NCR (16.6%), CALABARZON (12.1%) and Central
Luzon (11.9%). Among the wealthiest quintile, about 1 in 4 children are overweight or obese (25.5%)!

3) Adolescents
Stunting trends continued through adolescence, with higher rates among males (34%), the poorest
quintile (47.6%), those from rural areas (36.7%) and regions CAR (42.6%), SOCCSKSARGEN (41.9%),
and Zamboanga Peninsula (41.6%).

Wasting/ thinness had similar patterns affecting 15% of males, 13.2% of the poorest quintile, 16.1% of
those from MIMAROPA, 15.5% of those from CALABARZON, and 14.6% of West Visayan adolescents.

On the other hand, those from urban areas (11.3%), the wealthiest quintile (20.0%!), and CARAGA
(14.8%), NCR (11.7%) and Central Luzon (10.8%) had the highest rates of overweight/ obesity.

4) Adults
The average height of adult Filipinos 20 yrs and older is 163 cm for males and 151.4 cm for females,
while the average weight for males is 61.3 kgs and for females is 54.3 kgs. One out of ten (10.0%)
adults have chronic energy deficiency (CED, BMI <18.5), while three out of ten (31.1%) are overweight
or obese.

In parallel to the results in children and adolescents, adults from West Visayas (14.1%), ARMM (13.2%),
and MIMAROPA (13.1%) have the highest CED rates, while adults from NCR (38.3%), CAR (33.6%) and
CARAGA (33.3%) have the highest overweight and obesity rates.

Urban residents have the double burden of the higher rates of CED as well as overweight and obesity
rates compared to their rural counterparts. As expected, there is an inverse relationship between
wealth and CED rates, and a positive one between wealth and overweight and obesity rates.

While CED rates have declined somewhat over time, overweight and obesity rates are climbing up.
Likewise, the % of adults 20 years old and older with high waist circumference has also been rising
particularly among females, though the % with high waist:hip ratios (WHR) appear to be plateauing.
The % of females with high waist circumference increased from 10.7% in 1998, to 17.0% in 2003,
19.0% in 2008, and 19.9% in 2011; those with high WHR increased from 39.5% in 1998, 54.8% in 2003
and peaked at 65.5 in 2008. The % females with high WHR has gone down to 62.5% in 2011. Male high
waist circumference rates have remained below 4% and the % male high WHRs have been between
7 and 12%. (Data from 5th, 6th and 7th NNS)

The 2013 NNS average waist circumference for males is 80.4 cm and for females is 79.3 cm; these are
lower than the WHO cut-offs of 102 cm for males and 88 cm for females. However, these averages
mask the proportion of the population whose waist circumferences exceed reference cut-offs (3.6%
for males and 22.2% for females). The average WHR for males at 89.1% is lower than the cut-off of
100%, but for females, the average WHR of 90.5% exceeds the WHO cut-off of 85%, with 61.5% of
females having high WHR compared to only 7.6% of males.

3
8 th N AT I O N A L N U T R I T I O N S U R V E Y
Food and Nutrition Research Institute Department of Science and Technology
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

B. ANEMIA
Anemia rates in all population groups have been declining over the past 2 to 3 NNSs. Infants 6 months to
1 year of age still have the highest anemia rates1 (39.4%) among population groups, though this figure is
already a marked improvement over the 2003 (66.2%) and 2008 (55.7%) rates. Even rates among pregnant
(25.2%) and lactating women (16.6%) have been drastically reduced from 2008 levels of 42.5% and 31.6%
respectively.

Among the wealth quintiles, the middle quintile has the highest anemia levels (47.5%) for the 6 months
to 1 year olds, even higher than the poor (46.4%) and poorest (43.1%) quintiles. Similarly for this age
group, the richest quintile has higher anemia rates (30.8%) than the second richest quintile (26.6%).

Among adults, there is an inverse relationship between anemia rates and wealth, except among pregnant
women.
1
Hemoglobin (Hb) value cut-offs used for these analyses are from WHO, 1972: for infants and young children, 6 months to 6
years, Hb = 11.0 g/dl; for children 6 to 14 years, Hb = 12.0 g/dl; for adult males, Hb = 13.0 g/dl, adult females (non-pregnant,
regardless of lactating status), Hb = 12.0 g/dl; for pregnant, Hb= 11.0 g/dl

C. MATERNAL HEALTH
The health of mothers is receiving more attention with greater awareness of the consequences of poor
maternal health not just for the mother but for her infant as well. About 1 in 4 pregnant mothers or 24.8%
are nutritionally at risk, with the youngest mothers (age <20 years old) at highest risk (37.2%). This is just
a shade reduced from the 25% rate in 2011 (Updating Survey 7th NNS, 2011), and part of a slow downward
trend from 30.7% in 1998 (5th NNS).

Pregnant mothers from rural areas (25.2%), the poorest quintile (30.0%), the younger age groups, in their
first trimester (26.6%), and residing in the following regions: Cagayan Valley (33.6%), Bicol (33.0%) and
West Visayas (32.4%) are more likely to be nutritionally at risk.

Among lactating mothers, 12.5% are nutritionally at risk, with this proportion increasing as breastfeeding
duration lengthens. While 17.5% of these women are overweight only 5.1% of the youngest lactating
mothers are overweight; in contrast, 18.4% of their older counterparts have this condition.

Wealth is inversely related to chronic energy deficiency (CED) rates, but positively related with overweight
and obesity rates. CED is higher among rural lactating mothers, while overweight and obesity is higher
among urban ones.

Anemia rates, as reported above, are going down among pregnant and lactating women. Anemia rates
are inversely related to wealth among lactating mothers, but not among pregnant ones.

For the first time in the NNS, hypertension and elevated blood sugar are being reported among pregnant
and lactating women. Among pregnant women, hypertension prevalence is about 3.9%, while 3.0% of
pregnant mothers have elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Hypertension prevalence is higher at
8.0% among lactating mothers; elevated FBG was found in around 5.3% of lactating ones.

4
8 th N AT I O N A L N U T R I T I O N S U R V E Y
Food and Nutrition Research Institute Department of Science and Technology
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

D. HYPERTENSION (HPN) & DIABETES

The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes reported in this initial release is based on single visit
blood pressure readings and blood glucose determinations alone. Questionnaire information regarding
a previous diagnosis of the disease condition or intake of relevant medication is not yet included.

About 22.3% of the adult population is considered hypertensive; this figure is lower than the 25.3%
2008 prevalence (7th NNS). The prevalence of HPN peaks in the 50-59 age group (35.1%) and is lowest in
the youngest age group (3.4%). Males have a higher prevalence than females in every age group.

Hypertension prevalence also tends to increase with wealth, and is slightly higher among rural vs. urban
residents. The northern regions of CAR (25.0%), the Ilocos (23.3%) and Cagayan Valley (22.1%) have the
highest hypertension prevalences, while Zamboanga (17.2%), ARMM (17.3%) and West Visayas (18.4%)
have the lowest.

Diabetes prevalence based on a cut-off of 126 mg/dl is 5.4%. This is higher than the 4.8% reported in
2008 (7th NNS). However, if we consider impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG) as part of the prevalence,
then differences in prevalence arise depending on whether a cut-off of 100 mg/dl is used (based on
Philippine Unite Diabetes guidelines) or of 110 mg/dl (WHO/ IDF). Using Philippine guidelines, the IFG
prevalence would be 12.8%, while the WHO prevalence would be 4.1%.

Based on high Fasting Blood Glucose, diabetes prevalence peaks at the age of 60-69 (12.6%), among the
richest wealth quintile (6.0%) and urban residents (6.0%). Central Luzon (6.6%), Calabarzon (6.2%) and
NCR (5.2%) have the highest regional prevalences, while Northern Mindanao (3.3%), ARMM (3.8%) and
the Ilocos (4.0%) Regions have the lowest.

E. SMOKING
Smoking prevalence was measured using questions from the WHO STEPs on a history of current and
past smoking and never ever having smoked. The prevalence of current smoking has gone down from
31.0% in 2008 to 25.4%; never smoking increased from 54.3% to 59.1%, and former smoking from 14.7%
to 15.4%.

The peak prevalence among age groups occurs at 40-49 years, while the poorest quintiles still have the
highest rates of smoking.

F. GOVERNMENT PROGRAM PARTICIPATION

Participation of households in the three following government programs is presented: the Food
Production Program (FPP, 6.4% participation rate), Core Shelter Assistance Program (CSAP, 6.8%) and
the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (17.3%).

Among the regions, the Zamboanga peninsula had the highest rates of participation for the FPP (15.7%)
and 4Ps (36.4%), while NCR had the lowest participation for all three programs. Rural areas and the
poorest quintiles tend to have the highest participation rates, though the proportions are in the range
of 25-30% in general, with the highest rate being that of the 4Ps among the poor, but even this is still at
45%, or less than 1/2 of those reporting participation.

The most common reason for no longer participating in the 4Ps is that the beneficiary was no longer
eligible (age older than 15 years).

5
8 th N AT I O N A L N U T R I T I O N S U R V E Y
Food and Nutrition Research Institute Department of Science and Technology
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CONCLUSIONS
The 2013 NNS results, in tandem with time trends from previous NNSs, may have reflected the impact of
policies and programs that have been implemented. The most dramatic results are seen in the reductions
in smoking and, to some extent, in stunting prevalences. The reductions in anemia prevalence may be
attributed to the intensive efforts on micronutrient fortification and supplementation, as well as on the
treatment of anemia-causing diseases such as malaria and parasitism.

Based on time trends, a major outcome, that of MDG 1s 50% reduction of underweight prevalence (from
1990 baseline levels) in children under 5 years of age, is unlikely to be achieved by 2015. While this is
disappointing, an evaluation of child undernutrition programs needs to be conducted so we can do better.

The positive changes documented by the NNSs should encourage more focused interventions to address
persistent nutrition problems such as childhood underweight, stunting (which though declining is still
relatively high) and wasting, as well as growing problems like adult overweight and obesity. Likewise,
programs and policies need to be strengthened to prevent emerging conditions such as diabetes from
increasing even further.

The addition of reports on hypertension and elevated blood glucose among pregnant and lactating
women was done to draw interest in doing further research along these lines as these become risk factors
for hypertension and diabetes for women later in life.

These results have incorporated wealth indices and regional distributions to highlight disparities in
prevalence estimates for almost all nutrition-related outcomes. For many conditions, more targeted efforts
may help narrow equity gaps in nutrition and its determinants.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FNRI wishes to acknowledge and thank the following,
without whom this 2013 NNS would not have been
realized: first and foremost would be to the hundreds of
thousands of Filipinos and their households who patiently
participated in this survey and gave of their time and of
themselves; the barangay local officials, health workers and
nutrition scholars who accompanied the NNS teams every
step of the way; the provincial, municipal and city local
governments who graciously assisted survey operations
before, during, and after field activities; the regional DOST
and DOH offices, particularly the NNC-DOH staff, who
helped coordinate, facilitate and mobilize arrangements,
including financial ones; our generous partners, donors,
and benefactors who helped provide resources during the
most crucial periods of the survey; our NNS consultants,
especially those from the PSA, who continue to work with
the teams at all hours and in all places; and last but not
least, to our hundreds of contractual staff and volunteers
who up to this moment are steadfastly processing and
analyzing data. This survey belongs as much to them as it
does to all of us.

6
8 th N AT I O N A L N U T R I T I O N S U R V E Y
Food and Nutrition Research Institute Department of Science and Technology
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of underweight children, 0-5.0 years
old (0-60 months): Philippines, 2013

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

2 out of 10 or 19.9%
children among 0-5 years
old were underweight
 Prevalence of stunting among children, 0-5.0
years old (0-60 months): Philippines, 2013

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

3 out of 10 or 30.3% children

among 0-5 years old were
Stunted
 Prevalence of wasting among children, 0-5.0
years old (0-60 months): Philippines, 2013

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

1 out of 10 or 7.9% children

among 0-5 years old were
wasted
 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among
children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months):
Philippines, 2013

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND 5 out of 100 or 5.0% children among 0-5 years old were overweight
TECHNOLOGY
50
44.7

40.6 38.9 39.9 38.9

40
35.9
33.9 33.1 33.6
32.3 *
30.3
30 27.4 26.6
25.5
23.8 23.6 23
20.2 20.7 20.2
20.7
19.9
20

*
10 7.5 7.7 7.3 7.9
6.2 6.2 6.8 6.8 6 5.8 6.9

1.5 2.0 3.3

1.0 1.1 1.6 1.4 2.4 2.5 *
4.3 5.0
0

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-height

*significant (p-value<0.05)
 Prevalence of underweight among children,
0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) by age group:
Philippines, 2008 2013

FNRI Philippines 19.9%

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 30
INSTITUTE 24.1
25 22.8 21.8 21.8 21.7 22.3 23.0 23.2
19.3 19.5 20.1 21.0
DEPARTMENT
OF
20 15.5
15.2 15.2
SCIENCE AND 12.4
TECHNOLOGY
15 12.0 12.2

10
5
0
0-5m 6-11m 1y 2y 3y 4-5y

2008 2011 2013

 Prevalence of stunting among children, 0-5.0
year-old (0-60 months) by age group:
Philippines, 2008 2013

FNRI Philippines 30.3%

FOOD AND 50
NUTRITION 41.5
40.1 41.2
RESEARCH 39.3 38.2 37.4
INSTITUTE
40 33.6 35.4
35.7
31.5 32.7
DEPARTMENT 30 27.7
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 20 14.1 16.2
16.2
11.6 13.1 14.3
10

0
0-5m 6-11m 1y 2y 3y 4-5y

2008 2011 2013

 Prevalence of wasting among children, 0-5.0
year-old (0-60 months) by age group:
Philippines, 2008 2013

FNRI Philippines 7.9%

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 20
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT 15 13.4
OF 11.9 11.6 11.9 11.4
11.1
SCIENCE AND 10.6
TECHNOLOGY 10 9.4 9.1

6.4
5.5 6.6 4.5 5.8 5.5 5.5
4.4 4.3
5

0
0-5m 6-11m 1y 2y 3y 4-5y

2008 2011 2013

 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among
children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) by
age group: Philippines, 2008 2013

FNRI Philippines 5.0%

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
15
DEPARTMENT
OF 9.9
SCIENCE AND 10 8.1
TECHNOLOGY
5.2 4.1 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.8 4.8
5
4.4
3.7 4.2 4.2
2.7 3.4 2.5 3.0 2.9

0
0-5m 6-11m 1y 2y 3y 4-5y
2008 2011 2013
 Top regions with highest and lowest prevalence
than national average: Philippines, 2013

Form of
Highest Regions Lowest Regions
Malnutrition
FNRI 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months)
FOOD AND UNDERWEIGHT MIMAROPA NCR
NUTRITION
RESEARCH Western Visayas CAR
INSTITUTE Bicol Central Luzon
DEPARTMENT
OF
STUNTING Bicol NCR
SCIENCE AND ARMM Central Luzon
TECHNOLOGY Zamboanga Peninsula CALABARZON

WASTING* MIMAROPA CAR

Ilocos Region NCR
Western Visayas SOCCSKSARGEN

OVERWEIGHT CALABARZON Zamboanga Peninsula

NCR Eastern Visayas
Central Davao
Prevalence of malnourished children, 0-5.0 years old
(0-60 months) by place of residence and by wealth
quintile: Philippines, 2013

Philippines: 19.9% Philippines: 30.3%

UNDERWEIGHT STUNTING
60 60

50 50 45.0
44.2
40 40 37.1
31.5 33.9
29.3 29.0
30 30 27.9
22.9 23.8
20.4 20.8 19.5
20 17.3 20
12.9 13.1 14.0
12.7
10 8.4 9.1 10

0 0
Urban Rural Urban Rural

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

 Prevalence of malnourished children, 0-5.0 years
old (0-60 months) by place of residence and by
wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013

Philippines: 7.9% Philippines: 5.0%

WASTING OVERWEIGHT
15 15

10.8 10.5
10 9.3 9.6 9.6
10
7.9 7.6
7.4 7.2
6.8 6.3 6.7
5.9
5.2
5 5 4.3 3.5 4.3
2.8 3.5 2.8

0 0
Urban Rural Urban Rural

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of malnourished children, 5.08-10.0
years old (61-120 months): Philippines, 2013

UNDERWEIGHT STUNTING

29.1% 29.9%
40
STUNTING
30
UNDERWEIGHT
20

10

0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Prevalence of malnourished children, 5.08-10.0
years old (61-120 months): Philippines, 2013

WASTING OVERWEIGHT

8.6% 9.1%
10
WASTING
8
6
4
OVERWEIGHT
2
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
50

40 36.4
34 33.9 33.6
29.9*
30 32.1 32.4 32.0
30.9
29.1*

20

8.1 8.5 8.6

10 7.4 6.5
9.1 *
6.8 6.6 7.5
5.8
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-height

*significant (p-value<0.05)
 Top regions with highest and lowest
prevalence: Philippines, 2013

Form of
Highest Regions Lowest Regions
Malnutrition
FNRI 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months)
FOOD AND UNDERWEIGHT MIMAROPA CAR
NUTRITION Bicol NCR
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE Eastern Visayas Cagayan Valley

DEPARTMENT STUNTING Zamboanga Peninsula NCR

OF Eastern Visayas Central Luzon
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY Bicol CALABARZON

WASTING MIMAROPA CAR

Central Luzon Northern Mindanao
Bicol SOCCSKSARGEN

OVERWEIGHT/ NCR Bicol

OBESE CALABARZON Eastern Visayas
Central Luzon ARMM
Prevalence of malnourished children, 5.08-10.0 year
old (61-120 months) by place of residence and by
wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013

Philippines:29.1% Philippines: 29.9%

UNDERWEIGHT STUNTING
60 60

50 50 48.9
43.1 44.5
40.0
40 34.7 40 36.3
33.9 32.9
30.7
30 26.0 30 27.2 26
19.4 19.8 17.2
20 20 16.6
9.7 11.0 9.3 10.0
10 10

0 0
Urban Rural Urban Rural

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

Prevalence of malnourished children, 5.08-10.0 year
old (61-120 months) by place of residence and by
wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013

Philippines: 8.6% Philippines: 9.1%

WASTING OVERWEIGHT
30 30
25.7 24.7

20 20

13.4 12.1
10.4
10 9.6 10.3 8.9 8.9 8.9 10
8.2 6.8
6.3 6.8 6.2
4.3 5.5 3.9
3.2 2.7

0 0
Urban Rural Urban Rural

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of malnourished children, 10.08-19.0
years old (121-228 months): Philippines, 2013

WASTING OVERWEIGHT
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
12.4% 8.3%
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

20

15 WASTING

10

5
OVERWEIGHT
0
 Prevalence of malnourished children, 10.08-19.0
years old (121-228 months): Philippines, 2013

STUNTING
FNRI

31.5%
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF 50
SCIENCE AND 40
TECHNOLOGY
30
20
10
0
50

38.7
40
35.3 35.6 35.7
*
31.5
30

20

11.5 12.4 12.7 12.4

10.7
*
10 6.1 6.1 6.7 8.3
4.9

0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Stunted Wasted Overweight/Obese
*significant (p-value<0.05)
 Top regions with highest and lowest
prevalence: Philippines, 2013

FNRI Form of
Malnutrition
Highest Regions Lowest Regions
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months)
INSTITUTE
STUNTING ARMM Central Luzon
DEPARTMENT SOCCSKSARGEN NCR
OF
SCIENCE AND
Zamboanga Peninsula Cagayan Valley
TECHNOLOGY
WASTING MIMAROPA, CAR
CALABARZON Northern Mindanao
Western Visayas Zamboanga Peninsula
OVERWEIGHT/ CAR Bicol
OBESE NCR MIMAROPA
Central Luzon Zamboanga Peninsula
 Prevalence of malnourished children, 10.08-19.0 years old
(121-228 months) by place of residence and by wealth
quintile: Philippines, 2013

Philippines: 31.5 % Philippines: 12.4%

STUNTING WASTING
60 20
48.4
44.4 14.9 15.7
15 13.4 12.5
40 38.4 13.4 12.7 11.6
35.1
11.1
29.0 28.2 10 9.3
21.7 23.5 7.8
20
15.7 14.8
5

0 0
Urban Rural Urban Rural

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

 Prevalence of overweight / obese children, 10.08-19.0
years old (121-228 months) by place of residence and
by wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013

FNRI Philippines: 8.3%

FOOD AND
OVERWEIGHT / OBESE
NUTRITION 30
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
20.8
DEPARTMENT 20
OF 17.1
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 11.5
9.8
10
7.0
5.2 5.9
4.0 4.0
2.8

0
Urban Rural

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

 SUMMARY
Overall, there is a significant reduction in
FNRI the prevalence of stunting among the 0-19
FOOD AND
years old between 2011 and 2013, but this
NUTRITION remains to be medium to high and a public
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE health concern.
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Likewise, there is a slight reduction in
underweight among the 0-10 years old
but the prevalence also remains to be
medium to high and a public health
concern.
 SUMMARY

FNRI Furthermore, although there are

improvements in the nutritional status with
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
regards to undernutrition, pockets of the
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
problem are still persistent in specific age
groups and selected areas.
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Overweight and obese prevalence among
the 0-5 year-old is going up at an
average of 0.17%-points per year for the
past 24 years.
 SUMMARY
Among the school-age and adolescent
FNRI groups, overweight prevalence increases
FOOD AND at an average of 0.33%-points and 0.34%-
points per year, respectively for the past
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
10 years.
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
The lowest/poorest quintiles have higher
prevalence of undernutrition while the
wealthiest/highest quintiles have higher
prevalence of overnutrition across age
groups.
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Mean Height and Weight of adults 20 yrs old
and above by region: Philippines, 2013
Mean Weight(kg) Region Mean Height (cm)

61.3

FNRI
54.3 Philippines 163.0
61.0 151.4
52.9 Ilocos Region 163.4
59.5 151.8
52.6 Cagayan Valley 162.7
151.3
61.7
CAR 162.3 150.2
FOOD AND 54.9
62.7
NUTRITION 55.6 Central Luzon 164.6
152.8
RESEARCH 64.7 NCR 163.9
56.4 151.9
INSTITUTE 62.6 CALABARZON 163.6
54.7 151.8
58.6 MIMAROPA 161.7
DEPARTMENT 52.3 150.9
OF 59.0 Bicol Region 162.1
52.4 150.6
SCIENCE AND 58.2 Western Visayas 162.3
51.8 150.9
TECHNOLOGY
60.7 Central Visayas 162.4
53.6 150.7
59.8 Eastern Visayas 161.3
54.4 150.1
59.1 Zamboanga Peninsula 162.2
53.5 150.9
61.8 Northern Mindanao 162.3
54.8 150.9
61.4 Davao Region 162.2
54.6 150.9
SOCCSKSARGEN 161.6
59.2 150.5
53.0 161.8
CARAGA
61.1 150.4
55.0 ARMM 162.4
57.8 151.0
52.5

Male Female
 Mean Weight and Height by sex and by wealth
index: Philippines, 2013
Mean Height (cm)
170 164.9 HEIGHT (cm)
163.8
165 162.7 162.1 161.2 Urban
Height (cm)
FNRI 160 Male: 163.6
Female: 151.8
155 152.6 151.9 151.2 150.6 149.9 Rural
150
FOOD AND Male: 162.3
NUTRITION 145 Female: 150.9
RESEARCH
140
INSTITUTE
Richest Rich Middle Poor Poorest
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND Mean Weight (kg)
80
TECHNOLOGY WEIGHT (kg) Male Female
Urban 75
67.7
Male: 63.3 70
Weight (kg)

63.6
Female: 55.5 65 60.7
58.4
Rural 60 57.5
55.7
55.8
Male: 59.2 55 54.0
52.5
50.2
Female: 52.8 50
45
40
Richest Rich Middle Poor Poorest
 Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficient Adults,
20.0 yrs old and above : Philippines, 2013

9.4% Males
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND 10.5% Females
TECHNOLOGY

or 1 in every 10
Filipino adult is Chronic
Energy Deficient
BMI: < 18.5
 Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficient (CED)
and overweight/obese adults, 20 yrs old and
above by region: Philippines, 2013

FNRI Region % CED % Overweight/Obese

Philippines 10.0
31.1
FOOD AND Ilocos Region 12.2 27.3
NUTRITION Cagayan Valley 12.0 25.1
RESEARCH CAR 5.8 34.5
INSTITUTE Central Luzon 10.1
32.5
NCR 7.8 39.9
DEPARTMENT CALABARZON 9.8
33.2
OF MIMAROPA 12.6
SCIENCE AND 24.7
Bicol Region 12.0 24.7
TECHNOLOGY
Western Visayas 13.9 22.8
Central Visayas 10.3 30.1
Eastern Visayas 7.7 32.9
Zamboanga Peninsula 9.5 25.9
Northern Mindanao 7.6 33.9
Davao Region 7.4 32.8
SOCCSKSARGEN 10.1 27.3
CARAGA 7.7 35.0
ARMM 13.0 23.2

0.0 15.0 10.0

30.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
 Prevalence of Overweight/Obese Adults 20.0 yrs
old and above : Philippines, 2013

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE 3 out of 10
DEPARTMENT
OF Or 31.1% overweight /obese
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

27.6% Males 34.4% Females

BMI: > 25
 Prevalence of CED and Overweight/Obese in
adults 20 yrs old and over by place of
residence and wealth index: Philippines, 2013

60.0 CED Overweight/Obese

FNRI
45.0 42.7
42.4
FOOD AND 35.7
NUTRITION 33.7
RESEARCH 29.5
INSTITUTE 30.0 27.4 26.6
22.4
22.2
DEPARTMENT 15.3
OF 13.0 15.0 14.9
SCIENCE AND
15.0 8.7
10.9
10.5
12.1
6.0 8.3
TECHNOLOGY 4.9

0.0

Urban Rural
 Prevalence of malnourished adults, >20.0
years old: Philippines, 19932013

70

FNRI 60 Overweight/Obese CED

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 50
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
40
DEPARTMENT
OF 28.4 31.1
26.6
SCIENCE AND 30 24.0
TECHNOLOGY 20.2
16.6
20

10 13.9 13.2
12.3
11.6 10.0
10.0
0
1993 1998 2003 2008 2011 2013
 Prevalence of high waist circumference (WC)
among Adults > 20 yrs old by Sex: Philippines,
2013 Mean WC (cm) Male: 80.4
Female: 79.3
AGE GROUP Male Female
FNRI
22.2
All 3.6
FOOD AND
NUTRITION 10.5
RESEARCH 20-29 2.2
INSTITUTE
22.4
30-39 3.3
DEPARTMENT
OF 25.5
40-49 4.8
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
50-59 5.5 32.1

29.9
60-69 4.5

70 and over 26.3

3.5
0 5 10 0 20 40 60

High WC: Male > 102 cm Female > 88 cm

 Prevalence of high waist hip ratio (WHR) among
Adults > 20 years old by Sex: Philippines, 2013
Mean WHR Male: 0.9
Female: 0.87

FNRI AGE GROUP Male Female

FOOD AND
NUTRITION All 7.6 61.5
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
20-29 3.0 45.5
DEPARTMENT
OF 30-39 6.0 64.6
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 40-49 9.3 68.3

50-59 12.7 71.9

60-69 13.7 69.8

70 and over 13.0 67.1

0.0 10.0 20.0 0 50

High WHR: Male > 1.0 Female > 0.85

 Trends in high waist circumference and high
waist hip ratio prevalence among adults, 20
years old and over: Philippines 1998-2013

FNRI
Waist Circumference Female Male
50
FOOD AND 40
NUTRITION
30 19.9
RESEARCH 19.0
17.0
INSTITUTE 20 10.7 23.1
10 2.7 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.8
DEPARTMENT
OF 0
SCIENCE AND 1998 2003 2008 2011 2013
TECHNOLOGY
Waist Hip Ratio
80
70
60 54.8
65.5 62.5 63.2
50 39.5
40
30
20 12.1 11.1 8.0
7.9 6.9
10
0
1998 2003 2008 2011 2013
 SUMMARY
Mean weight for male is 61.3 kg and 54.3 kg for female. Mean
height is 163 cm for male and 151.4 cm for female.

FNRI Mean weight and height increased for both male and female as their
wealth quintile increased
FOOD AND
NUTRITION 1 in every 10 Filipino adults is Chronic Energy Deficient (CED). By
RESEARCH gender more , more females are energy deficient.
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT 3 in every 10 adults are overweight and obese and more female
OF adults are overweight and obese.
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
The prevalence of CED is inversely related to wealth, while the
prevalence of overweight and obese is positively related to wealth.

From 1993 to 2013, there is a decreasing trend in the prevalence of

CED from 13.9% to 10.3% but an increasing trend in the prevalence
of overweight and obesity from 16.6% in 1993 to 29.9%.
 SUMMARY
Mean waist circumference for male is 80.4 cm and 79.3 cm for
female. Mean waist hip ratio is 0.9 for males and 0.87 for females
FNRI From 1993 to 2013, there is an increasing trend of high waist
FOOD AND
circumference and high waist hip ratio for both males and females.
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 8th National Nutrition Survey,
Philippines 2013

FOOD AND VISAYAS

NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
ANEMIA
AND
TECHNOLOGY

Leah A. Perlas, Juanita M. Marcos,

Josefina A. Desnacido, Michael E. Serafico
and Marites Alibayan
 BACKGROUND
Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both
developing and developed countries with major
consequences for human health, as well as social &
FOOD AND economic developments
NUTRITION
RESEARCH - occurs at all stages of life cycle, but more prevalent
INSTITUTE in pregnant women and young children
DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was considered to be the
most important contributing factors to the global burden
of disease (WHO, 2002)

- affects 1.62 billion people globally; with preschool-age

children as the most at-risk (47.4%), while men
presented the lowest prevalence (12.7%) (WHO, 2008)
 BACKGROUND
Consequences of iron deficiency
Iron deficiency adversely affects:
the cognitive performance, behavior, and physical
FOOD AND
NUTRITION growth of infants, preschool and school-aged children
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE the immune status and morbidity from infections
of all age groups
DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE the use of energy sources by muscles and thus the
AND
TECHNOLOGY physical capacity and work performance of adolescents
and adults of all age groups

Specifically, iron deficiency anemia during

pregnancy
increases perinatal risks for mothers and neonates
increases overall infant mortality
 METHODS
Study Design:
- Cross-sectional
- Multi-stage stratified sampling design
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE Participants: 33,852
DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE Infants & children, 6 mos- 5y (3,190)
AND
TECHNOLOGY All School children, 6-12 y (5,794)
age/sex/
Adolescents, 13-19 y (5,500)
population/
physiologic Adults, 20 - <60 y (14,665)
groups
Elderly, 60 y & up (3,644)
8th NNS
Pregnant women (310)
Lactating women (749)
 METHODS
Blood Collection

Sample Assay
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
FINGER PRICK
DEPARTMENT from children, 6mos -5y
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY

by cyanmethemoglobin method 1
using spectrophotometer

VENIPUNCTURE
from 6 yrs to elderly
1 ICSH, J Clin Path 31: 139 - 143, 1978
 METHODS
Quality Assurance
Accuracy
FOOD AND
NUTRITION - Tri-level Control Blood Sample determined
RESEARCH in the field in every barangay
INSTITUTE
- Hemoglobin level within the acceptable limit
DEPARTMENT of the certified value
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
Precision
- In-house QC blood sample (pooled) analyzed
in each assay day
- Hemoglobin level within 2SD of the analyzed
value and plotted in a QC chart
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Normal hemoglobin levels, WHO cut-off, 1972
Normal
AGE/ SEX/ hemoglobin level
FOOD AND
NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGIC STATE (g/dL)
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT Children: 6 mos - 6 yrs 11.0

OF SCIENCE
AND 6.1 - 14 yrs 12.0
TECHNOLOGY
Adult: Males 13.0
Females 12.0
(non-pregnant/non-lactating)

Pregnant 11.0
Lactating Women 12.0
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Classification of public health significance of anemia
in populations on the basis of prevalence estimated
FOOD AND
from blood levels of hemoglobin, WHO, 2001
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
Category of public health Prevalence of anemia
significance (%)
DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY Severe 40.0

Moderate 20.0 39.9

Mild 5.0 19.9

Low 4.9
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
RESULTS
TECHNOLOGY
Prevalence of anemia by age, sex and physiologic state, 2013
Age/Sex/Physiologic State No. of Subjects Prevalence (%)
Philippines 33852
6 mos - < 1 yr 262

FOOD AND1 5y 2928

NUTRITION
RESEARCH
6 12 y, M 2993
INSTITUTE F 2801
13 19
DEPARTMENT y, M 2898
OF SCIENCE F 2602
AND
TECHNOLOGY
20 39 y, M 3746
F 3238
40 59 y, M 3706
F 3974
60 y, M 1588
F 2056
Pregnant 310
Lactating 749
 Prevalence of anemia among children by age, 2008
Age n Prevalence (%)

6 mos 5 y 3190
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE 6 mos - < 1 y 262

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND 1 5y 2928
TECHNOLOGY

1 y 529
2 y 545
3 y 567
4 y 597
5 y 690
 Trends in the overall prevalence of anemia,
Philippines: 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Trends in the prevalence of anemia among children
Philippines: 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
Trends in the prevalence of anemia among children
Philippines: 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Trends in the prevalence of anemia
among pregnant and lactating women,
Philippines: 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 & 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence
Prevalence of
ofanemia
anemiaby
byage
agegroup,
group,by
byregion
region
Ilocos
Cagayan
Central Luzon
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA
FOOD AND Bicol
NUTRITION
W. Visayas
RESEARCH
C. Visayas
INSTITUTE
E. Visayas
DEPARTMENT
Zamboanga
OF SCIENCEPen
AND N. Mindanao
TECHNOLOGY Davao
SOCCSKSARGEN
NCR
CAR
ARMM
CARAGA
Philippines

Children, Children Adolescents, Adults, Elderly,

6 mos 5y 6-12 y 13 19 y 20 - <60y 60y
 Regions with highest & lowest prevalence of anemia
by age group

Cagayan CARAGA Cagayan Cagayan

24.2 21.5 15.6 13.3
Cagayan
38.9
NCR Cagayan CARAGA CARAGA NCR
FOOD AND 22.1 19.8 12.0 12.1 34.2
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
CARAGA
INSTITUTE NCR NCR Bicol ARMM
21.0 18.4 10.7 12.0 26.6
DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND Ilocos
TECHNOLOGY
Ilocos Davao Ilocos MIMAROPA Davao
8.9 6.9 4.7 C Visayas 13.2
7.6
E Visayas SOCCSKSARGEN/ CALABARZON / W Visayas W Visayas
8.2 E. Visayas W Visayas 11.8
5.8 4.2 6.4
C Visayas C Visayas SOCCSKSARGEN SOCCSKSARGEN Zambo Pen
5.2 4.4 3.7 5.1 10.6

Children, Children Adolescents, Adults, Elderly,

6 mos - 5y 6-12 y 13 19 y 20 - <60y 60y
 Prevalence of anemia among preschool children
by quintile index , Philippines: 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of anemia among children
by quintile index , Philippines: 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of anemia among adults
by quintile index, Philippines: 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of anemia among pregnant and
lactating women by quintile index,
Philippines: 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of anemia by urbanization,
Philippines, 2013

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
 SUMMARY
FOOD AND
Over all, the 2013 NNS showed a
NUTRITION decreasing trend in anemia prevalence
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
among Filipinos
DEPARTMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
Anemia prevalence is moderate among
TECHNOLOGY infants, 6 mos -<1 year and pregnant
and lactating women

Highest prevalence of anemia was found

among infants, 6 mos -<1 y and
generally among the poorest groups
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk* pregnant
women by age-group: Philippines, 2013
Philippines: 24.8%
<20 years of age 20 - 29 years of age

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT 37.2% or 1 in about 3 23.0% or 1 out 0f 4

OF
SCIENCE AND 30 39 years of age 40 years of age
TECHNOLOGY

14.8% or 1 out of 7 17.4% or 1 out of 6

*Based on weight-for-height classification; P<95 = Nutritionally at- risk, P95 = Not nutritionally at- risk
(Magbitang, et.al, 1988)
 Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women
by wealth quintile and by place of residence:
Philippines, 2013
WEALTH INDEX
Philippines: 24.8
30.0

FNRI
30 26.5 25.9
24.7

Percentage
20 14.4
FOOD AND
NUTRITION 10
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 35 33.3
28.9
30 26.4 30.8
23.3 23.0 26.3 25.8
25
17.7
Percentage

20
15 13.3
10
5
0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
RURAL URBAN
 Trends in the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk
pregnant women: Philippines, 1998-2013

40
FNRI 30.7
28.4
30 26.6 26.3 25.0
FOOD AND 24.8
Percentage

NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE 20
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND 10
TECHNOLOGY

0
1998 2003 2005 2008 2011 2013
YEAR
 Elevated blood pressure* among pregnant
women by wealth quintile and place of
residence: Philippines, 2013
Philippines: 3.9%

FNRI Hypertension (140/90 (age <60)

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 6
INSTITUTE
Percentage

DEPARTMENT
OF 4
SCIENCE AND
5.2 5.3
TECHNOLOGY 4.5
2 3.4 3.3 3.3
2.7

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Rural Urban

Wealth quintile Place of Residence

*Based on a single visit BP measurement

Source: Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183(1);S1-S22
 Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) among
pregnant women 18 years and over:
Philippines, 2013

FNRI Mean FBG

PSC
FOOD AND n Mean SE (95% CI)
NUTRITION
RESEARCH Pregnant 268 74.33 0.95 72.46 76.20
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND % Distribution by FBG (mg/dL) levels*
TECHNOLOGY
<100 100 - 125 126
% (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)

97.03 95.03 99.04 1.13 -0.02 2.27 1.84 0.18 3.50

2.97%
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Nutritional status of lactating
mothers: Philippines, 2013

80 65.8 Trends in the prevalence of

Percentage 60 malnutrition among
lactating mothers:
FNRI 40
17.5
Philippines, 1998-2013
12.5
FOOD AND 20 CED Overweight
4.2
NUTRITION 25
19.8 p= 0.8409;NS
RESEARCH 0
CED Normal OW Obese 20 17.6 17.7
INSTITUTE 16.1 17.5
13.6

Percentage
15
DEPARTMENT 12.5
10 13.2 13.9 13.0
OF 11.7 11.9
p= 0.4827;NS
SCIENCE AND 5
TECHNOLOGY
0
1998 2003 2005 2008 2011 2013
Year
 Nutritional status of lactating mothers by
age group and length of lactation:
Philippines, 2013

FNRI
AGE GROUP (in years)

CED 18.4
20
Overweight LENGTH OF LACTATION (in months)
FOOD AND Obese
15 12.4 12.5
NUTRITION CED OW Obese
Percentage

RESEARCH
25
INSTITUTE 10 20.2

Percentage
5.1 4.4 20 16.7
16.2 15.9 16.8
DEPARTMENT 5 1.4 14.0
15
OF 10.4
SCIENCE AND 0 10
6.0 5.4 4.8
TECHNOLOGY < 20 20 5
3.8 3.3

0
<3 4-5.9 6-11.9 12
 Nutritional status of lactating mothers by
wealth quintile and place of residence:
Philippines, 2013
WEALTH INDEX
CED OW Obese

FNRI 30
25 21.7
27.6
Percentage

18.8
FOOD AND 20 16.4 14.4
15.1
NUTRITION 15 12.7 11.5 10.3
RESEARCH 8.3
INSTITUTE 10 5.8
2.8 4.1 3.4
5 2.1
DEPARTMENT
0
OF Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY PLACE OF RESIDENCE
CED Overweight Obese
19.7
20 15.6
13.5
Percentage

15 11.3

10 5.9
2.8
5

0
Rural Urban
 Nutritional status of lactating mothers by wealth
quintile by place of residence: Philippines, 2013

FNRI 30 29.0

25 23.1 22.9
FOOD AND 19.8
20
NUTRITION
18.6 18.5 18.9
17.0 17.3
Percentage

RESEARCH15.5 15.8 15.0

15
INSTITUTE 12.0 12.6 12.4 11.9
10.3 10.9
10
DEPARTMENT 8.2 7.6
5.5 6.4 6.5
OF 3.9 4.0
5 AND 2.0
SCIENCE 2.7 2.6 2.2
1.5
TECHNOLOGY
0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
RURAL URBAN
 Elevated blood pressure* among lactating
women 18 yrs old & over by wealth index and
place of residence : Philippines, 2013
Philippines: 8.0%

FNRI Hypertension (140/90 (age<60y)

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 10
INSTITUTE
8
DEPARTMENT
Percentage

OF 6
SCIENCE AND 9.3 8.9 8.8
TECHNOLOGY
4 7.2 7.9 7.1
5.9
2

0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Rural Urban

Wealth Index Place of Residence

*Based on a single visit BP measurement

Source: Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183(1);S1-S22
 Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and
percentage distribution among lactating
mothers 18 years and over: Philippines,
2013
FNRI
Mean FBG
FOOD AND PSC
NUTRITION n Mean SE (95% CI)
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE Lactating 685 80.19 0.67 78.86 81.51
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND % Distribution by FBG (mg/dL) levels*
TECHNOLOGY
<100 100 - 125 126
% (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)

94.69 92.87 96.50 4.59 2.95 6.22 0.73 -0.21 1.66

5.32%
 SUMMARY
The prevalence of nutritionally-at-risk
pregnant women remained high at 24.8%
FNRI with pregnant teen age girls more likely to be
nutritionally at-risk at 37.2%.
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
Compared with 2011 results, prevalence of
DEPARTMENT
CED/underweight among lactating mothers
OF
SCIENCE AND
slightly increased from 11.9% to 12.5%
TECHNOLOGY while overweight barely changed from
17.7% to 17.5%.
 SUMMARY
Elevated BP affected 3.9% of pregnant
women and 8.0% of lactating mothers.
FNRI
FOOD AND
Impaired and elevated fasting blood
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
sugar affected 2.97% of pregnant
INSTITUTE
women and 5.32% of lactating
DEPARTMENT
OF mothers.
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 8th National Nutrition Survey: 2013

Clinical and Health

FNRI Survey Component
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Hypertension
Defined as blood pressure of
FNRI greater than or equal to 140/90
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
mmHg
RESEARCH Diastolic Blood
INSTITUTE Systolic Blood
Classification Pressure
Pressure (mmHg)
DEPARTMENT (mmHg)
OF Normal < 140 and <90
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Hypertension 140 or 90

Based on the Modified JNC VIII (2013)

 Prevalence of hypertension based on a
on a single visit, by sex and age,
Philippines: 2013
Males Females Both
50.0

FNRI 45.0
43.5 43.4
40.0 41.6 43.3
FOOD AND 40.3 40.9
NUTRITION 35.0 36.7
RESEARCH 35.1
33.8
INSTITUTE 30.0

DEPARTMENT 25.0 27.2

24.8 25.1
OF
22.7 22.3
SCIENCE AND 20.0
19.8
TECHNOLOGY
15.0 19.9
15.2

10.0 11.4 11.6

5.0 7.2

3.7
0.0
20 -29 30- 39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 All

Based on the Modified JNC VIII (2013)

 Prevalence of hypertension based on
a single visit BP, by wealth quintile and
place of residence, Philippines: 2013

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

FNRI 30.0

FOOD AND 24.8 24.7

NUTRITION
25.0 23.5 23.3 23.4
22.0 22.0
RESEARCH
20.0 20.5
Prevalence (%)

INSTITUTE 20.0 19.0

DEPARTMENT
OF 15.0
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
10.0

5.0

0.0
Rural Urban
 Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension*
among adults 20 years old in the Philippines:
1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 & 2013
30

FNRI
FOOD AND 25.3
22.3
Prevalence (%)

NUTRITION 20 22.0 22.5

RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
21.0
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 10

0
1993 1998 2003 2008 2013
Based on single visit BP determination using the 7th Joint National Committee (JNC 7)
p-value< 0.0001
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Classification and cut-off points of Fasting
Blood Glucose by Guidelines

FNRI Classification
WHO Philippine
FOOD AND and IDFa CPGb
NUTRITION
RESEARCH Normal < 110 < 100
INSTITUTE
Impaired Fasting
DEPARTMENT 110-125 100-125
OF
SCIENCE AND
Glucose (IFG)
TECHNOLOGY
Diabetes > 126 > 126
aInternational Diabetes Federation
bClinical Practice Guideline
 Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Glucose*,
by age and sex, Philippines: 2013

15

FNRI Males Females Both 12.1

12.9
12.5

10.8
FOOD AND 10.2 10.5
NUTRITION 10
RESEARCH 8.7
INSTITUTE 8.3
7.8
7.1
DEPARTMENT 6.3
OF 5.6 5.6 5.3
5.4
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
5
3.4
3.1
2.8

1.3
0.8 1.0
0
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 > 70 All

* WHO and CPG criteria of high FBG >125 mg/dL

 Comparison in the Prevalence of Impaired Fasting
Glucose (IFG) using WHO and Philippine CPG,
Philippines: 2013

CPG (IFG 100-125 mg/dL) WHO (IFG 110-125 mg/dL)

25.0

FNRI
22.6

20.0 19.4
17.8
FOOD AND 16.9
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 15.0 13.4
INSTITUTE
10.4
DEPARTMENT 10.0 9.1
OF
SCIENCE AND 6.6 6.1
5.8 5.6
TECHNOLOGY
5.0 4.2 2.7
1.3
0.0
All 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69.9 70
 Prevalence of Diabetes, Philippines: 2013
10 8 DM: Place of Residence*
DM: Wealth Index*
8.1 6.3
8
6
6.4
6 4.5
4.6
FNRI
4.3 4
4 3.5
2
2
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 0 0
INSTITUTE Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Rural Urban
DEPARTMENT Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
OF 10
SCIENCE AND 8.2
TECHNOLOGY 8 7.7
6.3 6.4
5.8
6 5.2
4.7
4.1
4 3.6
2.8
2

p-value: 0.0001
Rural Urban
 Trends in the prevalence of high fasting
blood glucose among adults 20 years old,
Philippines: 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013

FNRI
6
5.4
4.8
5
FOOD AND
NUTRITION 3.9
4
Prevalence (%)

RESEARCH 3.4
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT 3
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
2
An increasing trend was noted in the
1 prevalence of high FBS level from
2003 to 2013 among Filipino adults.
0
1998 2003 2008 2013

p-value: 0.0336
 Summary
The prevalence of hypertension slightly
decreased while that of diabetes significantly
increased from 2008 to 2013.
FNRI
FOOD AND There were more hypertensive males than
NUTRITION
RESEARCH females across all ages.
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
The urban poor have a higher prevalence of
TECHNOLOGY diabetes compared to their rural
counterparts.

The prevalences of hypertension and

diabetes have increasing trend with
increasing age and wealth.
 SMOKING STATUS OF
FILIPINO CHILDREN & ADULTS

FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 SMOKING
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

those who smoked during the survey either on a

FNRI CURRENT daily (at least one cigarette a day) or on a
regular/occasional basis; those who do not smoke
SMOKERS
FOOD AND daily but who smoke at least weekly or those who
NUTRITION smoke less often than weekly.
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF - those who have ever smoked in the past year
SCIENCE AND
FORMER prior to survey whether on a daily basis or an
TECHNOLOGY
SMOKERS aggregate lifetime consumption of at least 100
cigarettes but not daily, and are no longer
smoking at the time of the survey

NEVER
- those individuals who have never smoked at all
SMOKERS
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
SMOKING
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY STATUS
 Distribution of male adults 20 years old and over
by smoking status and age group: Philippines,
2013
Never Current Former

FNRI Males 34.0 44.7 21.3

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
RESEARCH Prevalence %
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT AGE GROUP

Never Current Former
OF
SCIENCE AND 20.0-29.9 41.6 45.0 13.4
TECHNOLOGY
30.0-39.9 34.0 48.1 17.9

40.0-49.9 29.9 47.6 22.5

50.0-59.9 29.6 44.3 26.0

60.0-69.9 25.7 38.2 36.1

> 70 34.9 25.1 40.0

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
Prevalence %
 Distribution of female adults 20 years old and
over by smoking status and age group:
Philippines, 2013
Never Current Former

FNRI Females 82.0 7.8 10.2

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE Prevalence %

DEPARTMENT AGE GROUP Never Current Former

OF
SCIENCE AND
20.0-29.9 82.6 6.2 11.2
TECHNOLOGY
30.0-39.9 83.7 6.7 9.6
40.0-49.9 84.6 7.4 8.0

50.0-59.9 81.4 9.1 9.5

60.0-69.9 78.0 11.1 10.9

> 70 72.1 13.2 14.7

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
Prevalence %
 Distribution of adults 20 years old and over by
smoking status and age group: Philippines, 2013
Never Current Former

FNRI
All 59.1 25.4 15.4

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
RESEARCH Prevalence %
INSTITUTE
AGE GROUP
DEPARTMENT Never Current Former
OF
SCIENCE AND 20.0-29.9 62.9 24.8 12.3
TECHNOLOGY
30.0-39.9 59.9 26.6 13.6

40.0-49.9 57.5 27.3 15.2

50.0-59.9 57.1 25.7 17.3

60.0-69.9 53.3 23.9 22.8

> 70 57.5 17.9 24.6

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
Prevalence %
 Distribution of Smoking Status among Adults
20 years & over : Philippines, 1998-2013

70

FNRI
Never Smokers Current Smokers Former Smokers

60

FOOD AND 59.1

NUTRITION 55.0
RESEARCH
50 54.5 54.3
INSTITUTE
Prevalence %

40
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 30 34.8
32.7 31.0
20 25.4

10 14.7 15.4
12.8
10.2
0
1998 2003 2008 2013
 Distribution of children 10.0-19.9 years by
smoking status: Philippines, 2013
Never Current Former

Males 80.7 11.9 7.4

FNRI 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
Never Current Former
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
Females 94.8 1.2 3.9
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

Never Current Former

All 87.5 6.8 5.7

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
 Distribution of Smoking Status among Children
10.0-19.9 years: Philippines, 2008 and 2013

2008 2013

FNRI 90

80
86.4 87.5

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 70
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE 60

DEPARTMENT 50
OF
SCIENCE AND 40
TECHNOLOGY
30

20
9.1
10 6.8 5.7
4.5

0
Never Current Former
 Prevalence and 95% CI of adult current
smokers: Philippines, 2013
REGIONS LL UL PREVALENCE (%)
PHILIPPINES 24.5 26.3 25.4
NCR 20.4 26.1 23.3

FNRI Ilocos
Cagayan Valley
24.5
21.5
28.5
28.6
26.5
25.1
FOOD AND CAR 14.3 23.7 19.0
NUTRITION Central Luzon 28.1 34.1 31.1
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE CALABARZON 23.1 27.9 25.5
MIMAROPA 21.7 29.3 25.5
DEPARTMENT
OF Bicol 23.2 28.6 25.9
SCIENCE AND
Western Visayas 23.3 29.3 26.3
TECHNOLOGY
Central Visayas 16.9 22.1 19.5
Eastern Visayas 19.2 26.6 22.9
Zamboanga Peninsula 26.8 35.8 31.3
Northern Mindanao 20.9 26.0 23.5
Davao 20.1 26.3 23.2
SOCCSKSARGEN 24.3 32.1 28.2
ARMM 23.4 32.5 28.0
CARAGA 24.3 32.5 28.4
 Prevalence of Current Smokers by Place of
Residence and Wealth Quintile: Philippines, 2013
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
35.0 33.9

30.7

FNRI
30.0
27.8 28.4
27.1
24.9 24.3
FOOD AND 25.0
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 21.1
INSTITUTE
20.0 18.6
DEPARTMENT
OF 16.0
SCIENCE AND 15.0
TECHNOLOGY

10.0

5.0

0.0
Rural Urban
FNRI
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
SMOKELESS
SMOKING
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF

STATUS
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 Distribution of male adults 20 years old and over
by smokeless smoking status and age group:
Philippines, 2013
Never Current Former

FNRI Males 96.3 2.5 1.2

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
RESEARCH Prevalence %
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT AGE GROUP

Never Current Former
OF
SCIENCE AND 20.0-29.9 97.4 1.8 0.8
TECHNOLOGY
30.0-39.9 95.7 2.8 1.5

40.0-49.9 96.2 2.6 1.2

50.0-59.9 96.1 2.7 1.2

60.0-69.9 95.6 3.0 1.5

70 and over 94.3 4.2 1.5

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

Prevalence %
 Distribution of female adults 20 years old and
over by smokeless smoking status and age group:
Philippines, 2013
Never Current Former

FNRI Females 98.2 1.1 0.8

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE Prevalence %

DEPARTMENT AGE GROUP Never Current Former

OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 20.0-29.9 99.3 0.3 0.4

30.0-39.9 99.0 0.6 0.4

40.0-49.9 98.3 1.0 0.7

50.0-59.9 97.8 1.4 0.8

60.0-69.9 95.7 2.7 1.6

> 70 93.0 4.1 2.9

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

Prevalence %
 Distribution of adults 20 years old and over by
smokeless smoking status and age group:
Philippines, 2013 Never Current Former

FNRI
All 97.3 1.8 1.0

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
RESEARCH Prevalence %
INSTITUTE
AGE GROUP
DEPARTMENT Never Current Former
OF
SCIENCE AND 20.0-29.9 98.4 1.0 0.6
TECHNOLOGY
30.0-39.9 97.4 1.6 0.9

40.0-49.9 97.2 1.8 1.0

50.0-59.9 97.0 2.0 1.0

60.0-69.9 95.6 2.8 1.6

> 70 93.5 4.1 2.3

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

Prevalence %
 Prevalence of Current Smokeless Smoking by
Place of Residence and Wealth Quintile:
Philippines, 2013
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
6.0

5.3

FNRI 5.0

FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH 4.0
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT
OF 3.0
2.6 2.7
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY 2.3

2.0
1.5
1.2 1.1
1.0
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.0
Rural Urban
FNRI REPORTED
EXPOSURE TO
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE

SECONDHAND
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

SMOKE
 Distribution of children 10.0-19.9 years by
reported exposure to secondhand smoke at
home: Philippines, 2013
No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week

FNRI
Males 59.1 3.9 12.1 25.0

FOOD AND 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
NUTRITION
RESEARCH No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT Females 59.9 3.4 12.9 23.8

OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week

All 59.5 3.7 12.5 24.4

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
 Distribution of adults 20.0 years old and over by
reported exposure to secondhand smoke at
home: Philippines, 2013
No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week

FNRI
Males 67.0 2.4 7.8 22.8

FOOD AND 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
NUTRITION
RESEARCH No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT Females 60.3 2.7 8.6 28.3

OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week

All 63.5 2.6 8.3 25.7

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
 Distribution of adults 20.0 years old and over by
reported exposure to secondhand smoke outside
the home: Philippines, 2013
No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week

FNRI Males 32.9 4.1 21.4 41.6

FOOD AND
NUTRITION 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week
DEPARTMENT
OF
SCIENCE AND Females 44.4 6.2 19.7 29.7
TECHNOLOGY

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

No exposure 1x a week 2-6 days a week 7 days a week

All 38.9 5.2 20.5 35.3

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
 SUMMARY
25.4% or 1 in 4 adults, 20 years old and over are current
smokers
FNRI There is a significant decline in the prevalence of smoking
FOOD AND among adults from 2008 to 2013.
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE 6.8% or 7 in 100 children 10.0 to 19.9 years old are current
DEPARTMENT
smokers
OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
A decrease in the prevalence of smoking among children
from 2008 to 2013 is also observed, although results are not
statistically significant.

The top three regions with the highest proportions of current

adult smokers are Zamboanga Peninsula (31.3%), Central
Luzon (31.1%) and CARAGA (28.4%).
 SUMMARY

There is a significantly higher proportion of current smokers

FNRI among the rural poor than in their urban counterparts.

FOOD AND 1.8% of adults are current smokeless smokers; 2.5% were
NUTRITION
RESEARCH males and 1.1% were females
INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT 40.6% of children reported to have been exposed to

OF
SCIENCE AND secondhand smoke at home
TECHNOLOGY

Overall, 36.6%of adults have reported to have been

exposed to secondhand smoke at home; exposure is
higher among females at 39.6% than males at 33%.

Reported exposure to secondhand smoke outside the

home is higher among males at 67.1% than females.