Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2008: Tp VI, S 5: 425-430 I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

NH HNG CA STRESS NHIT N LNG NC UNG, THC N THU NHN

V NNG SUT SA CA N B LAI HNG SA NUI TI HUYN NGHA N,
TNH NGH AN TRONG MA H
Effects of Heat Stress on Water Consumption, Feed Intake and Milk Production of
Crossbred Dairy Cows Kept in Nghia Dan District, Nghe An Province in Summer

ng Thi Hi, Nguyn Th T

Khoa Chn nui & Nui trng thy sn, Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni

TM TT
Theo di c tin hnh trn 6 b lai F1 (50% mu HF) v 6 b F2 (75% mu HF) nui trong nng h
ti Ngha n, Ngh An trong ma h nhm xc nh nh hng ca stress nhit n lng thc n thu
nhn, nc ung v nng sut sa. Kt qu cho thy khi THI tng, lng nc ung cng tng, song
lng thc n thu nhn v nng sut sa gim. Lng thc n thu nhn v nng sut sa c tng
quan m, cn lng nc ung c tng quan dng vi THI. So vi F1, b F2 b nh hng nhiu hn.
T kha: B sa, nng sut sa, nc ung, stress nhit, thc n thu nhn.

SUMMARY
An experiment was conducted to determine effects of heat stress on water consumption, feed
intake and milk production in 6 crossbred dairy cows of F1 (50% HF) and 6 of F2 (75% HF) in the summer
season in Nghia Dan district, Nghe An province. Results showed that heat stress significantly effected
water consumption, feed intake and milk production of the cows. As THI increased the consumption of
water was increased, but feed intake and milk production were decreased. Feed intake and milk
production had negative correlations while the amount of water consumed had positive correlation
with THI. In comparison with F1, F2 cows were more affected.
Key words: Dairy cows, feed intake, heat stress, milk production, water consumption.

1. T VN
p ng nhu cu ca th trng v
sa v cc sn phm t sa ngy mt
tng, nhiu a phng nc ta nhp b
sa v nui. Tuy nhin, mt trong nhng
kh khn gp phi i vi ngnh chn
nui b sa nc ta l vn stress nhit.
ng Thi Hi v cng s (2006) thng
bo ch s nhit m THI (temperature
humidity index) ca mi trng v chung
nui trong ma h Ba V, H Ty v
Ngha n, Ngh An lun cao. V ma h,
b F1 (Holstein Friesian x Lai Sind) lun
trong trng thi stress nhit. Stress nhit
c nh hng ln n cc ch tiu sinh l:
lm tng nhit c th, nhp mch v tn
s h hp. ng thi, cc ch tiu sinh l
trn cng c tng quan dng kh cht vi
ch s THI. Nhng kt qu nghin cu ti
Ngha n, Ngh An con lai F1 v F2 v
cc ch tiu trn cng cho xu hng tng
t nh n F1 nui ti Ba V (ng Thi
Hi v cng s, 2008).
Bi vit ny tip tc thng bo nh
hng ca stress nhit n lng nc
ung, thc n thu nhn v nng sut sa
ca n b F1 v F2 (Holstein Friesian x
Lai Sind) nui ti Ngha n, Ngh An
trong ma h.
2. VT LIU V PHNG PHP
ti c thc hin trn b lai
hng sa (Holstein Friesian x Lai Sind)
gm 6 b F1 v 6 b F2 giai on ang khai
thc sa, nui trong nng h ti huyn
Ngha n, Ngh An t thng 4 n thng
7 nm 2007. B c nui nht, c ng
u v: la vt sa (la 3 - 5), thng vt

425
 nh hng ca stress nhit n lng nc ung, thc n thu nhn...

sa (t thng th 2 n thng th 4) v Nng sut sa c xc nh bng

nng sut sa. Khu phn n c cung
cp tng ng vi nng sut sa.
Din bin nhit , m mi trng
c xc nh qua cc s liu ca Trm kh
tng thu vn Ngha n, Ngh An.
Nhit , m chung nui o bng
nhit k bn kh bn t vo 3 thi im:
9; 13 v 17 gi hng ngy.
Ch s nhit m THI (Temperature
Humidity Index) ca tng thi im c
tnh theo Frank Wiersma (1990):
THI = t bn kh + 0,36.t bn t + 41,2
Lng thc n thu nhn (TTN) c
theo di tng b sa bng cch cn lng
thc n cho n v thc n tha hng ngy.
Lng TTN (kg VCK/con/ngy) =
Lng TTN %VCK ca T.
B sa c ung nc t do; lng
nc ung ca tng b c xc nh
thng qua lng nc cho vo mng v
lng cn tha hng ngy.
Lng nc tiu th (lt/con/ngy) =
Lng cho ung - Lng cn tha.
cch cn trc tip lng sa hng ngy ti
thi im vt sa.
Cc s liu thu c trong qu trnh
theo di c x l trn my tnh bng
phn mm Excel 7.0 v Minitab 14.
3. KT QU V THO LUN
3.1. nh hng stress nhit n lng
thc n, nc ung thu nhn
i vi b trong thi k khai thc sa,
lng nc ung, thc n thu nhn v
nng sut sa c lin quan cht ch vi
nhau. B c nng sut sa cng cao th
biu hin ny cng r rt, nht l trong
iu kin stress nhit. Kt qu theo di
lng nc ung, thc n thu nhn v
nng sut sa ca n b nui trong nng
h ti Ngha n, Ngh An cho thy,
trong thi gian theo di, b F1 v F2 tng
ng thu nhn trung bnh 11,50 v 12,21
kg VCK/con/ngy v ung tng ng 40,28
v 48,33 lt nc. H s bin ng (Cv%)
ca lng thc n thu nhn (TTN), nc
ung v nng sut sa F2 lun c gi tr
cao hn F1. c ba ch tiu, c s sai khc
gia hai b F1 v F2 (P<0,05) (Bng 1).

Bng 1. Lng thc n thu nhn, nc ung v v nng sut sa

Ch tiu
Tham s
TTN (kg VCK/con/ngy) Nc ung (lt/con/ngy) Nng sut sa (kg/con/ngy)
thng k
F1 F2 F1 F2 F1 F2
Max 12,50 13,70 49,90 57,5 11,60 13,80
Min 10,10 10,60 34,20 38,50 9,70 9,70

X 11,50 12,21 40,28 48,83 10,80 12,02

mx 0,54 0,79 3,64 5,51 0,43 0,91

Cv% 4,80 6,55 9,04 11,28 4,01 7,59

Bng 2. Tng quan gia lng T, nc ung thu nhn v nng sut sa vi THI
TTN Nc ung Nng sut sa
Loi b
r P r P r P
THI F1 - 0,08 0,594 0,33 0,023 - 0,07 0,631
mi trng F2 - 0,17 0,252 0,70 0,000 - 0,17 0,266
THI F1 - 0,29 0,042 0,40 0,005 - 0,23 0,107
chung nui F2 - 0,65 0,000 0,74 0,000 - 0,51 0,000

426
 ng Thi Hi, Nguyn Th T

S thu nhn thc n v nc ung ca
b ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t: cht
lng thc n, trng thi sinh l ca con
vt, v.v Song iu kin chung nui nh
nhit v m th hin tng hp qua
ch s THI cng l yu t quan trng.
Lng TTN v nng sut sa c
tng quan m, ngc li lng nc
ung lun c tng quan dng vi ch s
THI chung nui (THICN). Tng quan
gia ch s THI vi lng nc ung cht
hn so vi lng TTN v nng sut sa.
Lng TTN v nc ung F1 u c h
s bin ng Cv% thp hn F2 cho thy
tnh n nh ca b F1 trc cc tc nhn
stress nhit (Bng 2). Khi THI tng th
lng nc ung cng tng ( th 1, 2 v 3).
iu ny hon ton hp l, con vt ung
nc nhiu hn khi b stress nhit b
li lng nc mt i qua m hi v hi
th. Khng nhng th, s truyn nhit t
c th vo thc n v nc ung cng
gip con vt thi i lng nhit d tha.
Ngc li vi lng nc ung, lng
TTN ca c F1 v F2 u c tng quan
m vi THI. Biu hin ny khng r b
F1, nhng kh r F2 (Bng 2 v th
3). iu c ngha l khi cc ch s mi
trng tng ln th lng TTN ca b F2
gim ( th 3).

th 1. Tng quan gia lng nc ung ca b F1 vi THI chung nui

Nc ung F1 = - 17,3 + 0,719 THICN (r = 0,40; P = 0,005)

th 2. Tng quan gia lng nc ung ca b F2 vi THI chung nui

Nc ung F2 = -19,1 + 0,871.THICN (r = 0,74; P = 0,000)

427
 nh hng ca stress nhit n lng nc ung, thc n thu nhn...

th 3. Tng quan gia lng T thu nhn ca F2 vi THI chung nui

VCK F2 = 25,0 0,159.THI CN (r = 0,65; P = 0,000)

nh hng ca stress nhit n lng cao v c th lin quan n sc cha ca

TTN v nc ung b F1, F2 trong
nghin cu ny cng ph hp vi nhiu
cng b ca cc tc gi khc.
Theo Umberto v cs. (2002), v ma
h lng TTN b sa thp hn 19,8 %
(P<0,01), lng protein v nng lng thu
nhn cng thp hn 17,4% v 18%
(P<0,05). West (1994) cng cho bit rng
stress nhit lm gim lng TTN b
sa v nh hng ny b mt vi a lng chu nh hng ln ca nhit
la ln hn b la u. Lng thc n mi trng; b sa trong iu kin stress
thu nhn ca b ang vt sa thng gim
khi nhit mi trng 25 - 260C v gim
mnh nhit 300C, 400C lng thc
n thu nhn gim 40% hoc hn. Theo
NRC (1989), khi nhit tng t 680F ln
77; 86; 95 v 1040F (25; 30; 35 v 400C)
lng TTN gim tng ng 40,1; 39;
37,3; 36,8; 22,5 lb (18,1; 17,6; 16,8; 16,6;
10,1 kg); lng nc ung vo tng t 18;
19,5; 20,9; 31,7; 28 gallon (68,0; 73,7; 79,0;
119,8; 105,8 lt). th 3 cho thy lng
TTN ca b F2 gim mnh khi THI 77.
Stress nhit lm cho trung tm lm
lnh Hypothalamus kch thch trung
tm iu khin s no (no, i), trung tm
ny c ch trung tm iu khin s ngon
ming bn cnh, kt qu l lng thc
n thu nhn gim i v lng sa gim
(Albright v cng s, 1972). Stress nhit
lm gim rt mnh s thu nhn thc n
th v lm gim s nhai li (Collier v cs.,
1982). Gim tnh ngon ming trong iu
kin stress nhit l do nhit c th tng
d dy (Silanikove, 1992). Gim lng
thc n th n vo khi stress nhit lm
gim sn xut axit bo bay hi trong d c,
thay i t l gia acetate v propionate,
gim pH (Collier v cs., 1982). B thch
nghi vi stress nhit bng cch thay i
cch n, n nhiu khi nhit mt hn
(Schneider v cs., 1988).
Lng nc ung cng nh cc khong
nhit nhu cu nc tng ln (Beede v
Collier, 1986). Kt qu theo di cho thy
lng nc ung ca b F1, F2 tng ln
trong iu kin stress nhit v c tng
quan dng vi THI. F1, h s tng
quan t 0,41 vi P<0,01 v F2 l 0,47
(P<0,001). NRC (1989) cng thng bo
rng c tng quan dng ng tin cy
gia lng nc ung tiu th v nhit
mi trng. Trong iu kin stress nhit,
b sa nng sut cao thng ung nhiu
nc v chng c tc mt nc cao hn
(Maltz v cs., 1984).
Anderson (1985) cng cho bit vo ban
ngy, tri nng b ung nhiu nc, v
chng nh nc d tr nhit ban m
khi tri mt thi ra ngoi mi trng
ging nh lc . Hn na, nhit nc
cho ung cng nh hng n lng nc
tiu th v nng sut sa. Lung nc
tiu th v nng sut sa l cao nht khi
nhit nc cho ung l 170C.

428
 ng Thi Hi, Nguyn Th T

3.2. nh hng ca stress nhit n phc ngay m tng rt chm vo nhng

nng sut sa
nh hng ca stress nhit n nng
sut sa l mt vn thu ht nhiu s
quan tm ca ngi chn nui v cc nh
nghin cu v b sa trn th gii. Kt
qu theo di ca chng ti cng cho thy
stress nhit nh hng n nng sut sa
ca b th nghim.
Nng sut sa l mt tnh trng s
lng c h s di truyn thp. Nng sut
sa ca b F1, F2 chu s tc ng ca
nhiu yu t trong c yu t mi trng.
Cc yu t stress nhit khng trc tip m
gin tip tc ng thng qua lng TTN,
lng nc ung vo v t nh hng
ti nng sut sa. Khi THI tng cao bt
thng lng TTN gim nhng sn
lng sa khng gim ngay, nu qu trnh
ny ko di nng sut sa mi gim. Tuy
vy, nu sau THI gim v lng TTN
tng nhng sn lng sa khng khi
ngy sau . Kt qu bng bng 1 cho thy
nng sut sa ca b F1 n nh hn F2
(ch s Cv% ca b F1 l 4,00 trong khi gi
tr ny b F2 l 7,59). iu ny cng
c th hin qua th 4.
Gging nh lng TTN, nng sut
sa c tng quan m vi ch s THI; khi
THI tng, sn lng sa gim (Bng 2).
Biu hin ny r b F2 ( th 5). So vi
cc h s tng quan ca lng TTN v
nc ung, h s tng quan gia nng
sut sa vi THI c gi tr thp hn, c b
F1 v F2 (c bit l b F1, bng 2). Tht
vy, khng ch stress nhit, nng sut sa
cn chu nh hng bi nhiu yu t khc,
nh dinh dng chng hn, cc yu t ny
c th hoc khng lin quan g n mi
trng (Fuquay, 1981). Xu hng chung l
ch s THI tc ng n nng sut sa b
F2 mnh hn b F1 v ch s THI chung
nui c tng quan cao hn l THI mi
trng.

th 4. nh hng ca ch s THI n nng sut sa

th 5. Tng quan gia nng sut sa b F2 vi THI chung nui

NSS F2 = 23,1 - 0,137.THICN (r = - 0,51; P = 0,000)

429
 nh hng ca stress nhit n lng nc ung, thc n thu nhn...

Beede v Collier (1986) cng thng bo ng Thi Hi, Nguyn Th T (2008).

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