Handout 6 -

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112
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p T
K

K
4 p,T 1 TTi

4 1

p0,T0 TTp
3 2
3 2

v s

. .

12 ,

113
23 (
)
,
34 - ,
41 ( )
x 0 1.
K

4 1

Kp PT
q0 T0 ( s2 s3 )
tc = 1 = 1
3
2 qd T ( s1 s4 )
Kd

qd = q41 = h1 h4 = r = T(s1 s4)

- qo = - q23 = h2 h3 = ro(x2 x3) = To(s2 s3)
wkor= qd qo= (T To)(s2 s3) ()
- wdob = - wt12 = h1 h2 = ()
wutr = wt34 = h4 h3 = ()
wkor= wdob wutr = (h1 h2) (h4 h3) ()

og Carnot
. .

2-
.
(.
).
.

. .

114
 RANKINE CLAUSIUS-
RANKINE CLAUSIUS-

p T
K K

4 5 1

5 p,T 1

Twd

3 A 2 4
p0,T0
3 A 2

v s

PA345 = wt

p4

w t ,34 = v ( p )dp
p3
h

K 1 KO
P
T
p0,T0 2 5
5
4 zv
A 2
3
4 3 Kd
s

NP

12 () ,
23 ,
34 ( -
),
41 (45 , 51 -
() ).

115
qd = q41 = h1 h4
- qo = - q23 = h2 h3 = ro(x2 0) = To(s2 s3)
wkor= qd qo ()
- wdob = - wt12 = h1 h2 = ()
wutr = wt34 = h4 h3 = ()
wkor= wdob wutr = (h1 h2) (h4 h3) ()

Rankine-Clausius- Carnot-

T0
tRC = 1 < tc Tmd < T
Tmd

wt qdov - qodv (h1 h4 ) (h2 h3 ) (h h ) (h4 h3 ) w turb w pumpe

tRC = = = = 1 2 =
qdov qdov (h1 h4 ) (h1 h4 ) qdov

P =m
& (h1 h2 ) , m
& (kg/s) .

RC ()

:
( )
( )

,
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T
K
P 1

5 A

TmM
Tmd

3 2

116
h
PP
A
5 1
1
K A
KO
PT

B 2
5 2
4 3
4 Kd
3

s

- .

TmM > Tmd tRC (TmM ) > tRC (Tmd )

.
-
, . .

h1 h2 '
dt =
h1 h2
h h
dp = 4 3
h4 h3 '

117
 1. ()

1
PP1

KO PP2
T T
V N
6
P P
5
7
4 3
Kd

PP
- .
- 2 3

118
2. ()

(a)

119
 ZV2:

& O2
hO 2 , m
& m
h4 (m & O1 )
& m& O1 m& O 2 )
h3 ' (m
ZV2

( m& m& O1 m& O 2 ) + ( m& O 2 ) = ( m& m& OO1)

h3 ' ( m& m& O 1 m& O 2 ) + hO 2 ( m& O 2 ) = h4 ( m& m& O 1)

ZV1:

& O1
hO1, m
&)
h5 (m & m
h4 ' (m & O1 )
ZV1

( m& m& O 1 ) + ( m& O1 ) = ( m& )

h4 ' ( m& m& O 1 ) + hO 1 ( m& O 1 ) = h5 ( m& )

120
2. ()

()

m&
PP 1

KO PT

2

m& O 7
ZV m& m& O

6 5 4 3
2
Kd

8
9

T
K
1

&
m

7
9
&0
m
6
5 8
4 & m
&0)
(m
3 2

121
 ()

( m& m& O ) + m& O = m& ( m& m& O ) h4 + m& O ( h7 ) = m& ( h6 )

( m& m& O ) h4 + m& O ( h7 ) = ( m& m& O ) h5 + m& O ( h8 )...........itd .

. 5, 6 9 e .

. .

,
.

122
 T
K
pmax
3

p0

0
1 7
6 pmin

5 7' 4

s
:
m& o ho + m & h6 = m & h1 + m& o h7
:
( m& m& o ) h4 + m& o h7' = m& h5 + Q& kd

123